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QUALITY MODELS OF EDUCATION

What is Quality of Education?

A good quality education is one that provides all leaners with capabilities they
require to be economically productive, develop permanent livelihood,
contribute to peaceful and democratic societies and enhance individual well-
being.

Models of Quality Education:

Cheng and Tam (1997) proposed seven quality models of education which are:
(1) Goal and specification model;
(2) Resource-input model;
(3) Process model;
(4) Satisfaction model;
(5) Legitimacy model;
(6) Absence of problems model and
(7) Organizational learning model

1. Goal and Specification Model

This model sees education policy as achievement of stated goals and
agreement to given specifications.
Uses
i. It is used in the assessment of education quality of individual
institutions or education systems in a country.
ii. It checks that there are enduring, normative and well accepted goals
and specifications and standards for educational institutions.
Indicators:
students academic achievements, attendance rate , drop out rate , and
personal developments , no of graduates enrolled, professional qualifications
of staff.

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2. The Resource Input Model

Resource input model assumes that quality resources are necessary for
educational institutions to achieve diverse objectives.
Uses
The model is useful if the connection between the quality of inputs and
outputs are clear.
Indicators
High quality student intake, more qualified staff, better facilities and
equipment, better staff student ratio.
3. Process Model
The process model says that an educational institution is of high education
quality if its internal functioning is smooth and healthy.
Indicators
Indicators are selected on following three bases:
 Management quality indicators
 Teaching quality indicators
 Learning quality indicators
Uses
It focuses on the importance of leadership and culture to the performance of
educational institutions.
4. The Satisfaction model:
The satisfaction model shows that the satisfaction of strategic constituencies
of an educational institution should be determined by the extent to which the
performance of an institution.
Indicators
Satisfaction of teachers, management board members, parents and the
students.
Uses
It is used when demands of the constituencies are compatible and can’t be
ignored.

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5. The Legitimacy model

Education quality is regarded as the achievement of an education institution's
legitimate position or reputation.
Indicators
The activities and achievements of public relations, public image, reputation in
the community.
Uses
It is used when educational institutions must be assessed in changing
environment.
6. The absence of problems model
If there is any absence of problems, troubles, defeats, weakness, difficulties in
educational institutes, this institutions is of high education quality.
Indicators
Absence of conflicts, difficulties, defects, weaknesses and troubles etc.
Uses
This model is useful particularly when criteria of education quality are for
improvement.
7. The organizational learning model
It states that education quality is dynamic concept of development of
members, practices, processes, and outcomes of educational institution.
Indicators
Awareness of community needs and changes and program evaluation.
Uses
Organizations can be empowered to learn.