Civil Engineering November 2020
COMPRESSION PERPENDICULAR TO
GRAIN
For bearings of less than 150 mm in length and
not nearer than 75 mm to the end of a member,
the maximum allowable load per square mm
may be obtained by multiplying the allowable
unit stresses in compression perpendicular to the
grain by the following factor:
l b + 9.5
lb
in which lb is the length of bearing in mm
measured along the grain of the wood.
COMPRESSION AT AN ANGLE TO GRAIN
The allowable unit stress in compression at an
angle of load to grain between 0° and 90° shall be
computed from the Hankinson Formula as
follows:
Fc Fc ⊥
Fn = 2
Fc sin  + Fc ⊥ cos 2 
in which Fn is the allowable unit stress acting
perpendicular to the inclined surface, Fc is the
allowable unit stress in compression parallel to
grain, Fc⊥is the allowable unit stress in
compression perpendicular to grain and  is the
angle between the direction of load and the
direction of grain.
PROBLEMS:
Situation 1: A 75 mm x 250 mm rafter is
supported by a stud wall as shown. The
allowable compression parallel to the grain is
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12.0 MPa and the allowable compression normal
to grain is 5.60 MPa.
1. Calculate the actual bearing stress between the
rafter and the top plate of the wall.
2. Find the allowable bearing stress in the rafter.
3. Determine the adjusted allowable bearing
stress in the top plate of the wall.
45 kN
Situation 3: The end joint of a wooden truss is
2
1
shown. The 75.mm x 150 mm top chord makes
an angle of 30° with the 75 mm x 250 mm bottom
75  250mm chord. The dap BC = 85 mm. Use allowable
compression parallel to the grain of 11.0 MPa and
allowable compression normal to grain of 4.80
Double top plates MPa.
on stud wall 75mm100mm
studs P 75mm150mm top chord
Situation 2: The truss shown in is made from
timber Guijo 100 mm × 150 mm. The load on the
30° B
truss is 20 kN.
A
Allowable stresses for Guijo: C
Compression parallel to grain = 11 MPa
75mm  250mm bottom chord
Compression perpendicular to grain = 5 MPa
Shear parallel to grain = 1 MPa
1. Calculate the angle the normal force at BC
1. Determine the minimum value of x in mm. makes with the horizontal.
2. Determine the minimum value of y in mm. 2. Determine the allowable bearing stress in
3. Calculate the axial stress of member AC in surface BC.
MPa. 3. Find the maximum safe compressive load P.
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