Civil Engineering May 2022
Situation 1: A beam 100 mm wide is to be loaded with
3 kN concentrated loads spaced uniformly at 0.40 m on
centers throughout the 5 m span. The following data
are given:
Allowable bending stress = 24.0 MPa
Allowable shear stress = 1.24 MPa
Allowable deflection = 1/240 of span
Modulus of elasticity = 18,600 MPa
Weight of wood = 8 kN/m3
1. Find the depth “d” considering bending stress.
2. Determine the depth “d” considering shear stress.
3. Calculate the depth “d” considering deflection.
Situation 2: A guy cable is thrown over an Ipil post 150
mm in diameter. The allowable shear stress is 1.04 MPa
parallel to the grain and 1.56 MPa perpendicular to the
grain. Find the tension in the horizontal cable as
determined by shearing stress:
1. if the cable is next to the ground.
2. if the cable is 0.90m above the ground.
Situation 3: A 75 mm x 150 mm beam carries a central
load P over a 1.2 m span. Square notches 25 mm deep
are provided at the bottom of the beam at the supports.
Calculate the load P based on shear alone.
Allowable shear parallel to grain = 1.40 MPa
Allowable shear normal to grain = 1.85 MPa
NSCP 616.4 Horizontal Shear in Notched Beams
When rectangular-shaped girders, beams or joists are
notched at points of support on the tension side, they
shall meet the design requirements of that section in
bending and in shear. The horizontal shear stress at
such point shall be calculated by Eq. 616-3:
3V  d 
2 BC.
fv =   (616-3)
2bd'  d' 
where: d = total depth of beam
d’ = actual depth of beam at notch
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Situation 4: A 75 mm x 250 mm rafter is supported by
a stud wall as shown. The allowable compression
parallel to the grain is 12.0 MPa and the allowable
compression normal to grain is 5.60 MPa.
45 kN
2
1
75  250mm
Double top plates
75mm100mm
on stud wall
studs
1. Calculate the actual bearing stress between the
rafter and the top plate of the wall.
2. Find the allowable bearing stress in the rafter.
3. Determine the adjusted allowable bearing stress in
the top plate of the wall.
Situation 5: The end joint of a wooden truss is shown.
The 75.mm x 150 mm top chord makes an angle of 30°
with the 75 mm x 250 mm bottom chord. The dap BC =
85 mm. Use allowable compression parallel to the
grain of 11.0 MPa and allowable compression normal
to grain of 4.80 MPa.
1. Calculate the angle the normal force at BC makes
with the horizontal.
2. Determine the allowable bearing stress in surface
3. Find the maximum safe compressive load P.
Timber Design
P 75mm150mm top chord
30° B
A
C
75mm  250mm bottom chord
Compression Perpendicular to Grain
For bearings of less than 150 mm in length and not
nearer than 75 mm to the end of a member, the
maximum allowable load per square mm may be
obtained by multiplying the allowable unit
stresses in compression perpendicular to the grain
by the following factor:
l b + 9.5
lb
in which lb is the length of bearing in mm
measured along the grain of the wood.
Compression at Angle to Grain
The allowable unit stress in compression at an
angle of load to grain between 0° and 90° shall be
computed from the Hankinson Formula as
follows:
Fc Fc ⊥
Fn =
2 2
Fc sin  + Fc ⊥ cos 
in which Fn is the allowable unit stress acting
perpendicular to the inclined surface, Fc is the
allowable unit stress in compression parallel to
grain, Fc⊥is the allowable unit stress in
compression perpendicular to grain and  is the
angle between the direction of load and the
direction of grain.
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Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Timber Design
PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE: depth of the log so as not to exceed the allowable 1. Determine the minimum value of x in mm.
bending stress? 2. Determine the minimum value of y in mm.
Situation 1: A 100 mm x 300 mm rectangular beam 3. Calculate the axial stress of member AC in MPa.
carries a uniformly distributed load of “W” kN/m Situation 4: The rectangular piece of wood, 50 mm by
over its entire span. The beam is simply supported at 100 mm, is used as a compression block. The grain of ANSWER KEY:
its ends. If the maximum allowable bending stress is the wood makes a 20º angle with the horizontal, as
8.27 MPa and simultaneously the maximum allowable shown in the figure. Determine the largest axial force 1. 14 kN, 3.54 mm, 7.91 kN/m
shearing stress is 0.70 MPa, P that can be applied safely if the allowable stresses on 2. 4.71 MPa, 0.31 MPa, 3.68 mm
1. Determine the maximum vertical shear that the the plane of the grain are 18 MPa for compression and 3. 195.44 mm, 301.85 mm, 328.63 mm
beam could carry. 4 MPa for shear. (62.2 kN) 4. 62.2 kN
2. Determine the span of the beam based on the 5. 160 mm, 19.45 mm, 1.26 MPa
allowable bending stress and shearing stress.
3. Determine the maximum value of “W” that the
beam could carry.

Situation 2: A floor is supported by 75 mm x 200 mm

wooden joists spaced at 400 mm on centers with an
effective span of 3 m. The total floor load transmitted
to the joists is 5 kPa. Use weight of wood = 6.3 kN/m 3
and Ew = 12,000 MPa.
1. Determine the value of the maximum bending
stress in the beam.
2. Determine the value of the maximum shearing Situation 5: The truss shown in is made from timber
stress in the beam. Guijo 100 mm × 150 mm. The load on the truss is 20
3. Determine the maximum deflection in the beam. kN.

Situation 3: A wooden log is be used as a foot bridge Allowable stresses for Guijo:
to span a 2 m gap. The log is to support a concentrated Compression parallel to grain = 11 MPa
load of 27 kN. Given the following data: Compression perpendicular to grain = 5 MPa
Allowable shear stress = 1.2 MPa Shear parallel to grain = 1 MPa
Allowable bending stress = 5.0 MPa

1. Determine the diameter of the log needed for

maximum shear.
2. Determine the diameter of the log so that the
allowable bending stress will not be exceeded.
3. A 150 mm wide rectangular log is to be used
instead of the circular log. Determine the minimum

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Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Timber Design - Solution

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Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Timber Design - Solution

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Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Timber Design - Solution

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Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Timber Design - Solution

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Civil Engineering May 2022 Review Innovations Timber Design - Solution

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