INTERPRETING AND

PREPARING VISUALS
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 By the end of the lesson, you will
have been able to;
● identify the different types of diagrams;
● use the appropriate diagram for the
information;
● use diagrams to show trends or relationship
between data;
● interpret the information in diagrams; and
● summarize findings through visual/graphic
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forms.
 CLASSIFICATION OF
VISUALS
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BAR GRAPH
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TABLE
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LINE GRAPH
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 CIRCLE GRAPH OR A PIE GRAPH
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FLOW CHART
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 STEPS IN INTERPRETING VISUALS
1. Read the title and the subtitle.
2. Read the captions, keys, and labels.
3. Determine the purpose of the material.
4. Identify the organization of information.
5. Analyze the relationship of details such as
changes and trends.
6. Make a conclusion about the data, if
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necessary.
 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR
ADDING VISUALS TO YOUR TEXT.
1. Determine the purpose of the visuals.
2. Evaluate the accuracy and validity of the data.
3. Visuals should be accompanied by clear references
within your text.
4. Visuals should be placed on the same page as the
text reference. Complex visuals should be placed
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on the page opposite the text reference.

 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR ADDING
VISUALS TO YOUR TEXT.
5. Preferably, position the visual vertically.
6. Make your visual as simple and self-explanatory as
possible by adding data labels.
7. If the visuals are colored, go for basic contrasting
colors which are easy on the eyes; as much as
possible avoid adding patterns and textures, as well
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as neon colors.
 SESSION 2:
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This is where you section ends. Duplicate this set of slides as many times you need to go over all your sections.
 CHARTS

• is a graphical representation of
data using symbols that are usually
boxes, lines, and arrows.
• its general purpose is to show
ranks, levels, procedures and
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classifications.
 STRATEGIES IN READING CHARTS;
1. Study each step and grouping presented in the chart.
2. Pay attention to the arrows or lines that indicate the
flow, relationship, steps and sequence.
3. To ensure that you understand the chart, summarize
each step or component in your own words and make
your own chart in your mind.
4. Compare your mental chart to the description in the
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text to check how accurate you are.

 THE TWO COMMON CHARTS ARE;

1. Organizational chart

2. Flow chart
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 WHAT IS ORGANIZATIONAL CHART?
● An organizational chart presents rankings, classification, and
levels of ideas.

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 STRATEGIES IN PREPARING
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART;
1. Use varied shapes carefully. Rectangle are usually
used for all position.
2. Connect the boxes with solid lines direct reporting
relationships and dotted or dashed lines if indirect
relationship.
3. You may design your chart creatively but avoid
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making it too distracting or complicated

 WHAT IS FLOW CHART?
• A flow chart illustrates a process or direction of steps.

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 STRATEGIES IN PREPARING A FLOW CHART;
1. Present only the capsule version of the whole process.
2. Limit the number of shapes to avoid confusion. Note that each
shape has a corresponding meaning. Some of the most basic
shapes include:
● Rectangle - refer to an event which is part of the process; steps or
action taken.
● Diamond - a decision point in the process; sometimes it requires a
'yes' or 'no' response and will branch out the different parts of 'yes'
or 'no' response
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● Round box - represent an even which occurs automatically; used to

denote the start and the end of the whole process
 STRATEGIES IN PREPARING A
FLOW CHART;
3. Provide a legend when necessary.
4. Sequence the data from left to write
or top to bottom.
5. You can be creative in designing the
flowchart but do not make it too
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complicated and distracting.

 .
SESSION 3:
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 TABLES
● is useful in displaying numbers in columns. It
condenses and classifies information to make
comparisons between and among data and helps the
readers grasp relationships that might be invisible in
prose.
● It contains at least two columns with headings on the
sides and at the top of the columns to indicate what
the table represents. The heading on the top is called a
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boxhead while the heading on the far left column is

called a stub.
TABLE FORMAT:

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 BOX HEAD

STUB
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 STRATEGIES IN READING TABLES
1. Read the title of the table.
2. Check whether the information is updated or
obsolete.
3. Check the source of the information.
4. Study the headings and their relationships.
5. Read the details with the headings in mind.
6. Compare and contrast the different columns.
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 STRATEGIES IN PREPARING A TABLE
1. Informal or simple tables need to have table numbers
and title since they function as an extension of the text.
2. Formal tables, which contain complex data, should
contain titles, table numbers, and detailed headings.
They included in list of illustrations when your are doing
research of action plan.
3. Use plenty of white space within and around the text.
4. Use concise and clear headings for all columns and
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rows.
 STRATEGIES IN PREPARING A TABLE
5. Assign a title and number to each formal table.
6. Use abbreviations and symbols when
necessary. However, special symbols and
abbreviation must be clarified through legend
or footnotes.
7. Write the source of the table when necessary.
8. Use uppercase and lowercase instead of full
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caps.
SESSION 4:
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 GRAPHS
● Is a graphical representation of
data using bars for bar graph, lines
for line graph, circles for pie graphs,
and pictures for pictograph. Each
type of graph graph has a specific
function and purpose.
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 BAR GRAPH
● Uses vertical and horizontal bars that compare
amounts and quantities.
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 STRATEGIES IN READING A BAR GRAPH
1. Read the title, caption, and source note.
2. Determine the purpose of the graph.
3. Look at the dates mentioned, if there is any.
4. Identify what is being compared. Is it amount or
quantity?
5. If the data changes over time, determine the time
span and the amount percentage.
6. If products, services, and other items re being
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compared look carefully at their name

 STRATEGIES IN PREPARING A BAR GRAPH
1. Limit the number of bars. Too many bars may create confusion and
complicate the data.

2. Show the comparisons clearly.

3. Keep the bar widths consistent.

4. It is ideal to use spaces between bars. However, if comparisons are

too close or too many, spaces between bars may be deleted.

5. Arrange the bars according to its sequence (by year to show

trends)or by ascending/ descending order (to show direct
comparison).
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.. .
6. Use legends as much as possible
 LINE GRAPHS
● Shows trends and changes in data. Usually, the
bottom grid scale represents time.
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..
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 STRATEGIES IN READING A LINE GRAPH
1. Read the title, caption, and source note.
2. Determine the purpose of the graph.
3. Read the horizontal axis.
4. Determine the kind of time intervals.
5. Read the vertical axis and identify what is being
measured.
Trace the jagged line that connects each point and
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6.
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determine the changes over time.
 STRATEGIES IN PREPARING
LINE GRAPHS
1. Plot the data very carefully.
2. Use the different line colors for line graphs
using multiple lines.
3. Make the chart lines thicker than the axis
lines
Do not put the numbers on the line graph
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4.

itself.
 CIRCLE GRAPH OR PIE GRAPH
• Uses pie-shaped sections, shows the relationship of the
parts to the whole in percentages and proportions.
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 STRATEGIES IN READING A CIRCLE GRAPH
1. Read the title and the captions carefully.
2. Note the number and labels of pie
sections of the graph
3. Check if there is any "legend" section and
study it.
4. Identify the shares, quantity, and
percentage of each section. Identify which
sections have the smallest and largest
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percentage.
 STRATEGIES IN PREPARING A CIRCLE GRAPH
1. Use no more than seven divisions

2. Move clockwise from 12:00. start with the largest wedge going to the
smallest. However, "others" or miscellaneous items. must be placed last
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no matter how large they cover.
3. Use the pie graph for percentages and money especially when the items
they represent are divisible by 100.
4. Make the pie graph as simple as possible.
5. Label each component.

6. If you want to show a subdivision of a particular wedge in a circle graph,

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use a "pie within a pie" technique.

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 THANK YOU!
UNTA NAKA SABOT
MO :>
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 BAULITE, JESSA MAE
AMPOLOQUIO, MEKAILA
CALLORA, KIM XYRA
CORDERO, JERIC
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HUMMS 1 _- SEOUL