Department of Education

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LAOAG CITY

Laoag City

WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING

SYSTEM
OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION
GRADE
SCIENCE
8

2
LEARNING QUARTER

MODULE WEEK 1

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Science 8 0

 MODULE IN SCIENCE 8

QUARTER 2

WEEK 1

A Fault-Y Setup

Development Team
Writer: Judith B. Agtang
Editors/Reviewers: Junel L. Corpuz Flenie A. Galicinao
Illustrators: Ryan James J. Pascual
Layout Artist: Ryan James J. Pascual
Management Team: Vilma D. Eda, CESO V
Arnel S. Bandiola Lourdes B. Arucan
Juanito V. Labao Flenie A. Galicinao

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Science 8 1

 What I Need to Know

Have you experienced earthquakes? How did you feel? Earthquake is an

observable event on the earth’s surface. It is a source of information and a clue to the
nature of the earth’s interior. Why do they occur? The earth’’s crust experiences
disturbances and movements. These disturbances produce breaks known as faults.
This module provides you understanding on the causes of earthquakes – faults.

Content Standard:
Demonstrate understanding of the relationship between faults and
earthquakes.

Process Standard:
You will be able to:
1. participate in decision making on where to build structures based on knowledge
of the location of active faults in the community
2. make an emergency plan and prepare an emergency kit for use at home and
in school

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC):

Using models or illustrations, explain how movements along faults generate
earthquakes. (S8ES-IIa-14)

This module contains lessons on:

Lesson 1 Focus and Epicenter
Lesson 2 Magnitude and Intensity

Note: All answers to activities/assessment must be written on a separate sheet of

paper.

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 What I Know

I. Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following refers to the shaking of the ground produced when the
blocks of Earth’s crust move?
A. earthquake B. tsunami C. typhoon D. tremor

2. Which of the following refers to a break in the Earth’s crust where movements
occur?
A. fracture B. fault C. deformation D. bend

3. Which of the following types of fault causes two blocks of the Earth’s crust to
slide relative to each other?
A. reverse fault C. right-lateral strike slip fault
B. normal fault D. left-lateral strike slip fault

4. Which of the following can create reverse faults?

A. folding of Earth’s crust
B. sliding of blocks of Earth’s crust
C. stretching of blocks of Earth’s crust
D. compression of blocks of Earth’s crust

5. What type of fault is illustrated in the image below if you are standing on side B?

A. right-lateral strike slip fault C. normal fault

B. reverse fault D. left-lateral strike slip fault

6. What type of fault is illustrated in the image?

A. left-lateral strike slip fault

B. reverse fault
C. right-lateral strike slip
D. normal fault

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7. What type of fault is illustrated in the image?

A. left-lateral strike slip fault

B. right-lateral strike slip
C. reverse fault
D. normal fault
8. Which type of geological feature is illustrated in the photograph below?

A. fault
B. volcano
C. fold
D. mountain

9. Which of the following might happen if an earthquake occurs?

A. A flower vase may shake.
B. You might get dizzy because of the shaking.
C. The moon is on the full moon phase.
D. A building may collapse

II. Directions: Explain how an earthquake is generated by ordering the following

from 1 - 4.
___ Collission/bending continues and stress starts to build up.
___ Energy is produced and travels through waves that shakes the Earth’s crust.
___ Blocks of crust collides/bends with each other.
___ The blocks of crust snaps from each other.

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 Lesson
Earthquakes and Faults
1
Yo have learned in Grade 7 that the Philippines is located along the Ring of Fire
and how this affects us. People who live along the Ring of Fire have to put up with
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In this module, we will focus on earthquakes and
faults.
One of the most frightening and destructive phenomena of nature is a severe
earthquake and its terrible aftereffects. An earthquake is a sudden movement of the
Earth, caused by the abrupt release of strain that has accumulated over a long time.
For hundreds of millions of years, stresses and strains have shaped the Earth as the
huge blocks of rocks that form the Earth's surface slowly move over, under and past
each other. Sometimes the movement is gradual. At other times, the huge blocks of
rocks are locked together, unable to release the accumulating energy. When the
accumulated energy grows strong enough, they break free. Faulting is one of the
various manners of mechanical adjustment or release of such stress and strain.

What’s In

On July 16, 1990, a strong earthquake hit Luzon. Have you heard about it?
Maybe not, because it happened before you were born. But if your parents are from
Luzon, they surely know about the earthquake. It is possible that they were even
affected by it.
During that earthquake, many people lost their lives and many more were
injured. A lot of buildings and other structures were either damaged or destroyed. The
earthquake had a magnitude of 7.8 and its epicenter was located in Nueva Ecija.
According to scientists, the earthquake was caused by movement along the Philippine
Fault.

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 What’s New

The Earth is composed of three layers: the crust, the mantle, and the core. The
top layer of the mantle and the crust is composed of mixtures of rocks and mineral that
serve as puzzle pieces that keep on moving slowly, sliding past each other, and
bumping into each other.
The area or boundary where these huge blocks of rock meet is called fault. A
fault is a thin break of rock that separates blocks of the Earth’s crust. Faults are
classified according to the movement of the two blocks of crust relative each other.
Faults are the source of most of the earthquakes worldwide. The continuous
movement between blocks of earth’s crust builds up and produces stress and strain
until the rocky crust can no longer hold it, and finally snaps releasing energy that
travels in the form of waves.
Types of movement of crustal blocks that can occur along faults during an
earthquake.

What is It
Earthquakes are associated with faults. When a fault suddenly moves, an earthquake
occurs. In the following activity, you will learn how earthquakes are related to faults.

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ACTIVITY 1

A Fault-y Setup
Objectives:
Observe fault movements on a model of the earth's surface.
Materials Needed:
crayons or colored pencils
scissors
tape or glue
metric ruler
construction paper
fault model sheet (included)

Procedure:
1. Construct a fault model using the Fault Model Sheet.
2. Color the fault model that is included according to the color key provided.
3. Paste or glue the fault model onto a piece of construction paper.
4. Cut out the fault model and fold each side down to form a box with the drawn
features on top.
5. Tape or glue the corners together. This box is a three-dimensional model of
the top layers of the Earth's crust.
6. The dashed lines on your model represent a fault. Carefully cut along the
dashed lines.
7. You will end up with two pieces. Tape or glue a piece of construction paper
on the side of the two fault blocks along the fault face.
You may cut this page.

Reminder: Ask assistance from your parents or siblings when doing the activity.

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Normal Fault Model
8. Locate points A and B on your model. Move point B so that it is next to Point A.
Observe your model from the side (its cross-section). Draw the normal fault as
represented by the model you have just constructed.
Q.1. Which way did point B move relative to point A?
Q. 2. What happened to rock layers X, Y and Z?
Q. 3. Are the rock layers still continuous?
Q. 4. What likely happened to the river? the road? the railroad tracks?
Q. 5. Is this type of fault caused by tension, compression or shearing?

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 This type of fault is known as a normal fault. Label your drawing "normal fault".
Many normal faults are found in places where the lithosphere is stretching.

Reverse/Thrust Fault Model

9. Locate points C and D on your model. Move Point C next to point D. Observe the
cross-section of your model. Draw the thrust fault as represented by the model you
have just constructed.
Q. 6. Which way did point D move relative to point C?
Q. 7. What happened to rock layers X, Y and Z?
Q. 8. Are the rock layers still continuous?
Q. 9. What likely happened to the river? the road? the railroad tracks?
Q. 10. Is this type of fault caused by tension, compression or shearing?

This type of fault is known as a reverse fault. Label your drawing "reverse fault".
An example of a reverse fault is located in mountainous places. The thrusting
movement of blocks of crust raised mountatins.

Strike-slip Fault
10. Locate points F and G on your model. Move the pieces of the model so that point
F is next to point G. Draw an overhead view of the surface as it looks after
movement along the fault.
Q. 11. If you were standing at point F and looking across the fault, which way
did the block on the opposite side move?
Q. 12. What happened to rock layers X, Y, and Z?
Q. 13. Are the rock layers still continuous?
Q. 14. What likely happened to the river? the road? the railroad tracks?
Q. 16. Is this type of fault caused by tension, compression or shearing?

This type of fault is known as a strike-slip. Label your drawing "strike-slip fault".
A strike-slip fault can be described as having right or left-lateral movement. If you look
directly across the fault, the direction that the opposite side moved defines whether
the movement is left-lateral or right-lateral. The San Andreas fult in California is a right-
lateral strike-slip fault.

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 A fault is an area or boundary where blocks of crust meet. It is a break in the
Earth’s crust, and along the break, significant movement has taken place. For any
inclined fault, the block above the fault plane is the hanging wall block, and the block
below the fault plane is the footwall block. The plane along which the rock or crustal
material has fractured is called the fault plane. It is the plane surface along which there
is a slip during an earthquake.

Three types of faults

1. Normal faults occur when the crust is being pulled apart where the hanging wall
moves downward with respect to the foot wall. This is caused by tension forces.

2. Reverse faults occur when the crust is being compressed which the hanging wall
moves upward with respect to the foot wall. This is caused by compression forces.

Thrust Fault in Sediments

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3. Strike-Slip faults occur when the blocks of crust slide past each other. It can either
be a left-lateral slip or a right-lateral slip. This is caused by shearing forces.

Right Lateral Fault in Asphalt

Activity 2
Stick ‘n’ shake
Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. explain the effect of bending of rocks along faults, and
2. relate faults movement and earthquakes
Materials Needed:
two plastic rulers
a bit of clay
Procedure:
1. Using the clay, attach the rulers’ ends together (how long is the overlap between
rulers?) (Figure 8 shows closeup photos of side and top views of the setup.)

2. Hold the rulers as shown in the picture below. Then slowly move your hands in the
direction of the arrows.
Q. 17. What happens when bending becomes too much? Note: If nothing
happens, separate the rulers and re-attach them only slightly.

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 The activity you just performed simulates how rocks bend along a fault. Think
of the rulers as if they were part of the ground. The Figure can help you visualize this.
Drawing A shows how the rocks look at first. Then energy from inside the Earth
makes the rocks bend (Drawing B). But as mentioned earlier, the rocks along the fault
do not move immediately. Friction keeps them in place. (In the activity, what
represents friction?)

Drawing A shows the ground before bending. In Drawing B, the ground is

bending, storing energy. In Drawing C, the bending limit is reached, and the ground
has snapped.

When too much bending occurs and the limit is reached, the rocks suddenly
snap (Drawing C). The bent rocks straighten out and vibrate. The vibrations travel in
all directions and people in different places will feel them as a quake. An earthquake
is a vibration of the Earth due to the rapid release of energy.

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 What’s More

Crossword puzzle.
Directions: Complete the puzzle by reading the clues and put in the appropriate
responses.
Across
2. type of fault where blocks of crust are
being compressed
3. A break in the earth’s crust
4. the force that causes normal fault
6. the movement of foot block wall in a
normal fault
8. … block wall is always above the fault
plane
9. … block wall is always below the fault
plane
11. surface along which slip happens during
earthquake
12. the movement of hanging block wall in a
normal fault

Down
1. When a fault suddenly moves, vibration
occurs
5. type of fault where blocks of crust slide
past each other
7. the force that causes reverse fault
8. type of fault where blocks of crust are
being pulled apart

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 What I Have Learned

Let’s Summarize

1. A fault is an area or boundary where blocks of crust meet. It is a break in the

Earth’s crust, and along the break, significant movement has taken place.
2. Earthquakes are the shaking of the Earth's surface due to the release of energy
from the movement of crusts creating waves called seismic waves.
3. There are three types of faults according to the movement of blocks of Earth's
crust according to each other: normal, reverse, and strike-slip
4. Normal faults occur when the crust is being pulled apart where the hanging wall
moves downward with respect to the foot wall. This is caused by tension forces.
5. Reverse faults occur when the crust are being compressed which the hanging
wall moves upward with respect to the foot wall. This is caused by compression
forces.
6. Strike-Slip faults occur when the blocks of crust slide past each other. It can
either be a left-lateral slip or a right-lateral slipThe main characteristic of a series
circuit is that the voltage is divided among all the loads of the circuit, thus the
voltage drops. This is caused by shearing forces.
7. Energy from inside the Earth makes the rocks bend. When too much bending
occurs and the friction limit is reached, the rocks suddenly snap and the earth
quakes.

What I Can Do

The Marikina Valley Fault System also known as the Valley Fault System (VFS)
is a dominantly strike-slip fault system in Luzon. It extends from Dona Remedios
Trinidad, Bulacan in the North and runs through the province of Rizal and Metro Manila
cities (Quezon City, Marikina, Pasig, Makati, Taguig and Muntinlupa) and the province
of Cavite and Laguna that ends in Canlubang. Supposed the VFS cuts across a road

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in Makina, what would happen to the road when a big earthquake occurred? Draw or
illustrate the possible effects of the earthequake.

Assessment

I. Directions: Read and analyze each item. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following can create reverse faults?

A. folding of Earth’s crust
B. sliding of blocks of Earth’s crust
C. stretching of blocks of Earth’s crust
D. compression of blocks of Earth’s crust

2. Which of the following refers to the shaking of the ground produced when the
blocks of Earth’s crust move?
A. earthquake C. typhoon
B. tsunami D. subduction

3. Which of the following types of fault causes two blocks of the Earth’s crust to slide
relative to each other?
A. reverse fault C. right-lateral strike slip fault
B. normal fault D. left-lateral strike slip fault

4. Which of the following refers to a break in the Earth’s crust where movements
occur?
A. fracture C. deformation
B. fault D. bend

5. Which of the following might happen if an earthquake occurs?

A. A flower vase may shake.
B. You might get dizzy because of the shaking.
C. The moon is on the full moon phase.
D. A building may collapse

6. What type of fault is illustrated in the image below?

A. left-lateral strike slip fault

B. reverse fault
C. right-lateral strike slip
D. normal fault

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7. What type of fault is illustrated in the image below?

A. left-lateral strike slip fault C. reverse fault

B. right-lateral strike slip D. normal fault

8. What type of fault is illustrated in the image below if you are standing on side B?

A. right-lateral strike slip fault C. normal fault

B. reverse fault D. left-lateral strike slip fault

9. Which type of geological feature is illustrated in the photograph below?

A. fault B. volcano C. fold D. mountain

II. Directions: Explain how an earthquake is generated by ordering the following.

___. Energy is produced and travels through waves that shakes the Earth’s crust.
___. Blocks of crust collides/bends with each other.
___. Collission/bending continues and stress starts to build up.
___. The blocks of crust snaps from each other.

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17 Science 8 Self-Learning Module MELC-Aligned WBLS-OBE
What I Know
(Page 3)
1. A
2. B
3. C and D
4. D
5. D
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. A, B and D
II. 2, 4, 1, 3
Assessment
(Page 14)
1. D 6. D
2. A 7. C
3. C and D 8. D
4. B 9. A
5. A, B and D II. 4,1, 2, 3
ANSWER KEY
References

Online Resources

https://learn.quipper.com/en/topics/537b7ee6b023780002004a8d/lessons/1/chapters/2

https://www.earthsciweek.org/classroom-activities/a-model-of-three-faults

Science Grade 8 Student Learning Material. Uinit 2. Module 1 Earthquakes and Faults.
(https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph)

https://www.thinglink.com/scene/483372724605943808

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Laoag City

Curriculum Implementation Division
Brgy. 23 San Matias, Laoag City, 2900
Contact Number: (077)-771-3678
Email Address: laoag.city@deped.gov.ph

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