NAME: AOBAKWE RAMAPODI

STUDENT ID: 202003371

EEB 331 LAB 2: INVESTIGATION AND SIMULATION OF
TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSIS USING MULTISIM
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………………………1
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………2
Theory……………………………………………………………………………………………………..3-4
List of equipment………………………………………………………………………………………5
Procedure………………………………………………………………………………………………..5
Results and analysis………………………………………………………………………………….6-9
Discussion……………………………………………………………………………………………….10
Conclusion and recommendation……………………………………………………………….11
References………………………………………………………………………………………………12
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this experiment are;

• To get familiar with the use of Multisim software in circuit analysis.

• To investigate transient and steady-state response of second order networks.

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INTRODUCTION
Time domain analysis is performed when working with control systems. According to
(Designing buildings , 2022), a control system is a physical interconnection of
devices that influence behaviour of other devices. These are made up of input,
process, and output devices. A change in the energy state of a control system
compels a control engineer to determine how the circuit will work due to the change.
It is by this reason why we use time domain analysis. The time domain graph
depicts how the signal varies with respect to time. This laboratory activity will help
us understand more about time-domain analysis.

THEORY
As sited by (Electrical4U, 2022), time-domain analysis is a technique in which a
control system is represented in the form of linear differential equation and solved.
The analysis is done on the basis of time. Analysing the time-domain helps us
understand more about the flow of electrical energy in a system. Time domain
analysis also helps us calculate the transient response of the system. Transient
response is simply a system’s response to any sudden change of the steady state of
the circuit. Other sources like (Borghi, 2019), transient response is a temporary
circuit response to a change in operating conditions of the circuit. Everything that
affects the behaviour of a circuit keeps changing in the transient response because
of the changes in energy state.
On the other hand, the steady state response refers to the response of a circuit after
the transient response. It is characterised by the constant behaviour of the circuit.
During this response, there will be no transient response. This occurs because the
energy state of the circuit will be back to normal condition. Together with the
transient response, the steady-state response makes up the time response.The
response can be classified as one of three types of damping that describes the
output in relation to the steady-state response. These include;

• An underdamped response is one that oscillates within a decaying envelope.

The more underdamped the system, the more oscillations and longer it takes
to reach steady state.
• A critically damped response is that response which reaches the steady-state
value the fastest without being underdamped.
• An overdamped response is the response that does not oscillate about the
steady-state value but takes longer to reach steady-state than the critically
damped case. Here damping ratio is greater than one.

Figure 1: showing the steady state response types

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Figure 2: showing time domain graph with the transient and steady state responses

LIST OF EQUIPMENT

• Personal computer equipped with NI Multisim software

PROCEDURE

Figure 2: showing circuit being investigated on

A circuit similar to the one in figure 2 was built with the help of a Multisim tutorial
posted on the blackboard. On the oscilloscope, time division was set to 10s/div while
both channel A & B were set to 20V/div for the voltage division. The function
generator was set to generate square waves of frequency=1mHz, amplitude=10Vp.
In addition, the duty cycle and offset was 50% and 0V respectively. Then the
simulation was run three time when R1 was 0.1ohms and 2.0 ohms. It was run
again when R1 was 5 ohms and 6 ohms. Then the simulation was run again when
R1 was 10 ohms and 100 ohms. After each simulation run the plots were saved.
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RESULTS & ANALYSIS

(a) Response for 0.1 Ω

Response for 2 Ω
Response for 5 Ω
(c ) response for 6 Ω

d) response for 10 Ω

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Response for 100 Ω

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

a) Calculation of resonant frequency:

=0.450158158Hz
=0.45Hz

b) For 0.1 Ω

=(0.1)/2
=0.05
• Hence underdamped.
For 2 Ω

=2/2
=1
• Hence underdamped.
For 5 Ω

=5/2

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 =2.5
• Hence underdamped

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For 6 Ω

=6/2
=3

• Hence critically damped.

For 10 Ω

• Hence overdamped.
For 100 Ω

=100/2
=50

• Also overdamped.

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DISCUSSION
The results obtained from this laboratory experiment are the same as the theoretical
values that were calculated in the sample calculations of the report. This comes to
show of the efficiency of the time domain analysis.
Some of the errors that were encountered in this activity were wrong connection of
the reference circuit .to fix this, extensive focus was made during the building of the
circuit. There was constant checking whether all the circuit elements were connected
properly at the correct points in the circuit.one other error is improper setting of
both oscilloscope and function generator. To avoid this error, there was checking
whether the right settings were entered.

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS

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At the end of this activity, both the objectives set were achieved. We got familiar
with the use of Multisim to analyse circuit. We were also able to study the transient
and steady state response of second order networks. I recommend that students
practice using the Multisim software as much as possible so as to sharpen their
Multisim skills.

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References
Borghi, C. A. (2019, November 10). Retrieved from http://www.die.ing.unibo.it
Designing buildings . (2022, July 29). Designing Buildings Wiki. Retrieved from
www.designingbuildings.co.uk:
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Electrical_control_systems

Electrical4U. (2022, October 22). Electrical4U. Retrieved from www.Electrical4U:

https://www.electrcal4u.com/time-domain-analysis-of-control-system/

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