What type of B Cells are formed after This region of immunoglobulin is rich in

antigen stimulation? proline and allows flexibility.

➢ Plasma cells and memory cells ➢ Hinge region
Which of the following mechanism This cell has a bilobed nucleus and
describes the action of beta-lactamases? granules on their cytoplasm takes up
➢ Drug inactivation acidic dye when stained with H&E stain.
➢ Eosinophil
A by product of oxidative burst that is
toxic to the the pathogen such as What region of the immunoglobulin
bacteria. molecule can bind antigen?
➢ Superoxide ➢ Fab
Indirect recognition of phagocytic cell on Which among the following statement is
antigen is done by true regarding chemical methods of
➢ Opsonization disinfection?
➢ Chemical agents must not leave a
Depth filters
residual antimicrobial film on the
 Polycarbonate
treated surfaces
These are APCs on the skin
What do you call the phagocytic cell
➢ Langerhans cells
seen in the bones?
This aids in the formation of hypochlorite ➢ Osteoclast
ions during the oxidative burst.
Squeezing of neutrophils on blood vessels
 Hydrogen peroxide to the site of injury is known as
➢ Myeloperoxidase ➢ Diapedesis

What happens to neutrophil when it Which is a function of basophil?

performs phagocytosis? ➢ Initiate inflammation and allergic
➢ Apoptosis reaction

Specific proteins known as It is the biological indicator of dry heat

immunoglobulins. oven.
➢ Antibodies ➢ Bacillus subtilis

It is the method of choice for the Which of the following cell can perform
sterilization of antibiotic solutions, toxic phagocytosis?
chemicals, radioisotopes, vaccines and ➢ Kupffer Cells
carbohydrates.
It is the most potent phagocytic cell in
➢ Filtration
the tissues
This cell is capable of phagocytosis but ➢ Dendritic cell
are much less efficient and it is important
It is the biological indicator of
in neutralizing basophil and mast cell
autoclaving.
products.
➢ Bacillus stearothermophilus
➢ Eosinophil
Exposure to 2C-8C for 72 hours kills the
Infectious material is autoclaved at what
agent of syphilis.
temperature for 30-60 minutes?
 Neither
➢ 132 deg C
What should you remember in surgical Bacilli and Clostridia are viable for how
hand hygiene? long in a dry environment?
➢ Hands above elbows  1 hour
Destroys bacteria through the disruption The plasma membrane shrinks away from
of metabolism that involves removing of the cell wall as water leaves the cell.
water from microbes. ➢ Plasmolysis
➢ Desiccation
It uses 0.45um pores of membrane filters.
Free hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals and  Liquid filtration
some peroxidases are created. These free
Macrophage found in the liver
radicals, in turn, cause different
➢ Stellate cells
intracellular damage. This is the principle
of Monocytes in the tissues are called
➢ Radiation ➢ Histiocytes
Which immunoglobulin class(es) has These are lipid and carbohydrate
(have) a J chain? molecule that is recognized by PRR
➢ IgM and IgA during phagocytosis.
➢ PAMP
Substances that serves as attractants to
phagocytic cells. Phagocytic vesicle
➢ all of the above ➢ Phagosome
It uses 0.22um membrane filters for Patrol mucosal surfaces and act as a first
parenteral solutions and alcohol. line of defense
 Filtration of bacteria, yeast and ➢ IgA
mold
It attaches to basophils and tissue mast
It is the major component of the cells by means of specific surface
eosinophil that kills parasites. proteins, termed high-affinity FC E RI
➢ MBP receptors
➢ IgE
Which among the following statements is
true regarding physical methods of Able to cross the placenta providing
sterilization? immunity for the newborn
➢ Heat-sensitive materials will require ➢ IgG
lower temperature than heat-
Found on the surface of
resistant ones
immunocompetent but unstimulated B
It is the biological indicator of radiation lymphocytes
➢ Bacillus pumilus ➢ IgD
Non-specific killing of tumor cells is carried The most efficient of all immunoglobulins
out by: at triggering the classical complement
➢ Natural Killer cells pathway
➢ IgM
Which of the following cell is responsible
in stimulating immune response against Refers to the time in minutes to reduce
parasite. the bacterial population or spores by 90%
 Mast Cell at a specified temperature
➢ Decimal Reduction Time
Refers to the lowest temperature at which Heat is the most commonly used method
a suspension of bacteria is killed in 10 for removal of microorganisms.
minutes ➢ True
➢ Thermal Death Point
Dry heat procedure requires water
Refers to the shortest period of time ➢ False
needed to kill a bacterial suspension at a
Used to control the spread of
prescribed temperature and under
communicable diseases
specific conditions
➢ Thermal Death Time  Flaming
Neutrophils has myeloperoxidase which Burning of materials into ashes at 300C-
enhances production of hypochlorite ions 400C
during the oxidative burst of phagocytosis
 Cremation
➢ True
Temperature and time of exposure: 160C-
Complexes of IgG and antigen are easily
170C for 1.5-2 hours
trapped in mucus and then eliminated by
the ciliated epithelial cells of the ➢ Dry Heat Oven
respiratory or intestinal tract.
Steam under pressure: 10-15 minutes,
➢ False
15psi, 121C
Eosinophil is the main cell that stimulates
➢ Autoclaving
immune response against parasitic
infection. The temperature and time of exposure
➢ False used are 140 deg C for 3 seconds
Immunoglobulin M is also known as ➢ Pasteurization UHT
millionaire’s antibody.
Kills vegetative organism; 100C for 30
➢ True
minutes in 3 successive days with
Decontaminating medical wastes such as incubation in between heating.
expired blood from blood donations must
➢ Tyndallization
be exposed to 15psi at 132degree Celsius
for 15minutes. Thickening of media through evaporation
➢ False
➢ Inspissation
Immunoglobulin G subtype 3 cannot
Temperature and time of exposure: 63C
cross the placenta thus not protective to
for 30minutes
the newborn.
➢ False ➢ Pasteurization LTH
Ionizing radiation uses X-Rays and Temperature and time of exposure used
Gamma rays. are 100C for 10 15minutes.
➢ True
➢ Burning
Moist heat procedure destroys
Burning of contaminants into ashes
microorganism through coagulation of
enzymes and structural proteins.  Cremation
➢ True