MEC201 Solid Mechanics

UNIT 1

Dr. Manpreet Singh

Professor/Head CAD/CAM Mechatronics
School of Mechanical Engineering, LPU, Phagwara
Concept of Stress and strain
• Stress ‘σ’- When the deforming force is applied to an object. The
object deforms. In order to bring the object back to the original shape
and size, there will be an opposing force generated inside the object.
• This restoring force will be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to
the applied deforming force. The measure of this restoring force generated
per unit area of the material is called Stress.
• Thus, Stress is defined as “The restoring force per unit area of the material”.
It is a tensor quantity. Denoted by Greek letter σ. Measured using Pascal or
N/m2. Mathematically expressed as
Stress (σ)= Force/ Area
Type of stress
• Normal Stress
• Longitudinal Stress
• Tensile Stress
• Compressive Stress
• Bulk stress or Volume stress
• Strain ‘ϵ’- Change in dimension / original dimension
• Types of strain
• Tensile strain
• Compressive strain
• Shear strain
 • Linear strain
• Lateral strain
• Volumetric strain

• Temporary or elastic strain

• Permanent or plastic strain
St. Venant’s Principle
In 1855, the French Elasticity theorist Adhemar Jean Claude
Barre de Saint-Venant stated that the difference between the
effects of two different but statically equivalent loads becomes
very small at sufficiently large distances from the load.
Stress- Strain Curve
Elastic Constants

• Young’s modulus or Modulus of elasticity ‘E’=

(Tensile/Compressive stress)/(Tensile/Compressive strain)

• Modulus of rigidity or Shear modulus ‘G’=

(Shear stress)/(Shear strain)

• Bulk Modulus ‘K’=

Volumetric stress/ Volumetric strain
Type of materials in perspective to Solid
Mechanics
• Isotropic: elastic properties are same in each and every direction
EXAMPLE: glass
• Anisotropic: Elastic properties are not same in any direction
EXAMPLE: wood
• Orthotropic: have material properties that differ along three
mutually-orthogonal twofold axes of rotational symmetry. They are a
subset of anisotropic materials, because their properties change
when measured from different directions.
EXAMPLE: cooled rolled steel, wood
Under same load
Under same load
Poission’s ratio
• Poission’s ratio in general is (Lateral strain/Longitudinal strain)

μ= (dB/B)/(dL/L)
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