NAME: REMCY MAE F.

LINGHON BCSE 3B SEPTEMBER 22, 2022

Answer the following questions in your own words.

1. What is the importance of Universal Values?

 The UNIVERSAL VALUES. Being aware of one's values helps us understand and
direct our attitudes and behaviours because all our important choices in life are
directed by our values, understanding these helps us understand ourselves, what
motivates us and what causes us anxiety and stress.

2. Explain Cultural Relativism. Cite example/s to support your ans wer.

 Cultural relativism refers to the idea that we shouldn't evaluate other cultures
according to our own notions of what is right or bad, unusual or common. Instead,
we should work to comprehend other groups' cultural practices within their own
cultural context.
For example, Filipinos with Western influences in the Philippines believe that
shaking someone else's hand in greeting is the proper gesture.

3. How is moral character developed and discuss the different stages of moral development.

 Moral character is established via repetition over time, just like any other
behavioral feature, skill, habit, or even immoral attribute. You become a liar if you
lie frequently enough. You can develop into a slugger if you hit enough home runs.
You develop a smoking habit if you consume enough cigarettes. You can master
the piano with enough practice. The same holds true for becoming a doer of good
(or, to someone who despises others doing good, a "do-gooder"). You develop
morality through abiding by moral principles. Of course, this is all worthless unless
there are universally applicable moral laws supported by a reliable moral authority.
But that is a separate subject. If there is a universal moral code, you can acquire
moral character by following to it correctly and consistently. Making that
 determination for the reader is not the goal of my response. This response is
taken to be accurate and true.

Stages of Moral Development

 Preconventional morality

- The first stage of moral formation, known as preconventional morality, lasts

until around age nine. Children lack a personal moral compass at the
preconventional level; instead, moral judgments are influenced by adult
standards and the repercussions of abiding by or disobeying them. For
instance, a deed must be good if it results in reward and evil if it results in
punishment.

 Conventional morality

- The second stage of moral development is known as conventional morality,

and it is defined by acceptance of societal norms governing what is right
and wrong. We start to assimilate the moral standards of respected adult
role models at the typical level (most teens and adults). The person
internalizes authority but does not challenge it, and their reasonin g is
founded on the norms of the group they are a part of. Because it is viewed
as desirable, a social structure that emphasizes both social order and the
obligations of relationships must have an impact on how we interpret what
is good and wrong.

 Postconventional morality

- The third stage of moral development, known as postconventional morality,

is distinguished by a person's comprehension of overarching ethical
precepts. These are ill-defined and amorphous, but they might include
things like the necessity of protecting life at all costs and the value of
human dignity. Moral reasoning is based on individual rights and justice,
while individual judgment is based on self-selected principles. According to
Kohlberg, most persons only reach this level of moral reasoning.