LABORATORY REPORT NO.

: 3
Voltage and current Relationship in balanced and
unbalanced three phase systems
OBJECTIVES:
1. Design a three-phase system circuit
2. Determine the electrical quantities in each electrical components in the circuit by means of
application of fundamental knowledge in electrical circuits
3. To understand the relationship of voltage and current in three phase systems

MATERIALS:
6-AC voltage source (100Vrms, 60hz)
4-Z-loads (30+j30 ohms)
1-Z-Load (20 + j40 ohms)
1-Z-Load (50 + j60 ohms)
Wattmeter
Multimeter
DISCUSSION & PROCEDURE:

Figure 1a. Unbalanced Three Phase

system

ELEN112L – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 3

1 | PAGE
 Figure 1b. Balanced Three Phase system

The figure above shows a balanced ang unbalanced three phase systems. It is comprising of 3
sources connected in wye and also a wye connection of a z-load. As you can see, the phase
sequence of both circuit is in positive sequence. The z- load is simply the impedance load. In the
balance three phase system the load is also balance while in the unbalanced the load in
unbalance but there are cases that the sources are the unbalanced not the loads. But the very
common is the unbalance load. The Z-load is composed of the resistance and the reactance. The
reactance has the imaginary number while the resistance doesn’t have the imaginary number.
Procedure:
1. Design a balance and unbalanced three phase system
2. To make the simulation and computation easy, the load and the
source will be connected in wye connection.
3. Solve for the current and the voltages
4. Investigate the relationship of the voltage and current in a three pahse
system (balanced and unbalanced).

MEASUREMENTS & RESULTS:

ELEN112L – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 3

2 | PAGE
 Figure 2a. Simulation of the Unbalanced Three Phase
system

Figure 2b. Simulation of the balanced Three Phase system

ELEN112L – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 3

3 | PAGE
 Figure 3. Formula for computation of the Unbalanced and
balanced Three Phase system

Figure 4. Computation of the balanced Three Phase system

ELEN112L – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 3

4 | PAGE
 Figure 5. Computation of the unbalanced Three Phase
system

OBSERVATION & CONCLUSION:

I therefore conclude that a three-phase system consist of three voltage sources connected to
three loads by aw wire. It could be 4 wire or 3 wire. In a balanced, all phase voltages are equal in
magnitude and are out of phases with each other by 120 degrees. The Line currents lag or leads line
voltage by 30 degrees depending on the phase sequence whether it is positive or negative. I also
observe that then current and voltage in balanced three phase system will also be in phase since the
load are equal, while on the unbalanced three phase system, the current and voltages in each will
not be the same because the loads are unequal.

ELEN112L – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 3

5 | PAGE
ELEN112L – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 3
6 | PAGE