Chapter 3

CHAPTER 3
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
OLONGAPO CITY
EDUCATION
SERVICES FREQUENCY AVERAGE DESCRIPTION
5 4 3 2 1
E1 2 13 12 3 0 3.466666667 Very Satisfactory
AVERAGE 3.40952381 Very Satisfactory
TABLE 1.1
1.1 EDUCATION
For education in the municipality, all the thirty (30) respondents based their answers
on the service they received from their LGU. Olongapo City gathered a total average of
3.409 which corresponds to a “Very Satisfactory” which commends the quality education
provided by the municipality.
The municipality rated “Very Satisfactory” with the total average of 3.466 for the
constituents are experiencing the first service, “Spearhead educational projects and
programs” very well.
While in the service two (2) or “Involves stakeholders in formulation of policies
affecting the educational sector” the municipality gathered 3.566 which indicates a “Very
Satisfactory” rating, however one (1) respondent answered 1 for this service.
Service three (3) or “Monitors the performance of educational institutions”, it
gathered the highest average with the total of 3.733 or an equivalent of a “Very
Satisfactory”, Most of the respondents answered 3 which indicates that the service in only
satisfied.
“Very Satisfactory” is the received rating of service 4 or “Ensures that education is
accessible to everyone” which has the average of 3.7. Therefore, the respondents see their
municipality execute this right competently. Also, according to 1987 Philippine Constitution
Article XIV, Section 1 provides that, “the state shall protect and promote the right of all
citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such
education accessible to all.”
The least average was congregated by service 5 or “Entertains grievances and
complaints involving the educational sector” with 3.066 that indicates “Very Satisfactory”
also. Where fifteen (15) of the respondents answered three (3) or “Satisfied”.
The sixth service or “Observes fair and impartial enforcement of educational
policies” accumulated an average of 3.4 which equivalents to “Very Satisfactory”, yet half
of the respondents answered 3 which indicates that the service is only satisfied.
Lastly, Olongapo City rated “Very Satisfactory” with the average of 3.533 in service
seven (7) or “Practices transparency on educational budget.” The respondents did well on
evaluating the use of educational budget. According to Johansen et al., 1997, evaluating the
use of school funding is essential for both accountability and improvement purposes.
Evaluation provides information on what a planned budget delivers beyond the intentions for
the use of resources as expressed in the budget allocation. This gives a fuller picture of the
educational experience that is provided to students with the available resources. And helps to
ensure that resources are managed effectively and used line with stated purposes and the
requirements and regulations attached to funding, while leaving some room for uncertainty
in the execution and implementation of the budget.
This data can be utilized to identify where improvements are needed and which
constituents find the most effective enforcement of quality Education in the Municipality of
Olongapo City.
HEALTH AND SANITATION

5 4 3 2 1
H1 6 10 10 4 0 3.6 Very Satisfactory
TABLE 1.2
1.2 HEALTH AND SANITATION
The municipality’s Health and Sanitation is rated based on the constituent’s
perceptions of the frequency of the effort administered by the LGU to ensure their job is
delivered to the citizens. Adequate sanitation, together with good hygiene and safe water, are
fundamental to good health and to social and economic development (Duncan et al., 2010).
Base on the respondents answers, Health and Sanitation has an average of 3.595 or “Very
Satisfactory”.
The first service or “Ensures the health of constituents as well as a sanitized
environment” accumulated an average of 3.6 which correspond a “Very Satisfactory” which
mean the LGU is doing its job to maintain the health of the constituents.
Table 2.1 shows that service 3 or “Conducts forum on health concerns” gathered an
average of 3.6 which indicates that the service is “Very Satisfactory” most of the respondents
answered four (4) or “Very Satisfactory”.
Service three (3) or “Implements sanitary measures” rated “Very Satisfactory” with
the average of 3.766 which is the second highest average collected for this service. Ten (10)
of the respondents answered four (4) which corresponds to “Very Satisfactory” and twelve
(12) answered three (3) or “Satisfied”. Sanitation in every municipality prevents diseases and
promotes human dignity and well-being, making it the perfect expression of World Health
Organization’s (WHO) definition of health, as expressed its constitution, as “A state of
complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease of
infirmity” (WHO, 2018).
Health and Sanitation of the municipality has the average of 3.7 or “Very Satisfactory”
for service three (4) or “Distributes medicines on each barangay” Seventeen (17) of the
respondents answered four (4) which corresponds that they are “Very Satisfied” to the
LGU’s job.
There is also a “Very Satisfactory” on the fifth service or “Provides medical
assistance to constituents”, yet the total accumulated average is only 3.333 which appears to
be the lowest in the table.
“Observes environmental laws” or the sixth service it has the average of 3.5 which
equivalent to “Very Satisfactory” In 2004, Olongapo City created a project regarding the
environment which has the objective of rehabilitating existing landfills and to procure waste
treatment equipment at the SBFZ. In order to handle increasing volumes of garbage as well
as to improve the collection and disposal system, and thereby promoting investment in the
SBFZ and contributing to improvements in the living and sanitary conditions of residents
(Fujino, 2004).
And the last service is called, “Announces outbreaks of diseases”. Given the situation
that the whole country is facing right now which is caused by COVID-19, the municipality
also takes place in executing its task to instill health consciousness among its constituents.
The municipality gained an average of 3.8 which equivalent to “Very Satisfactory” and the
highest service accumulated in this area.
Based on the gathered data, researchers can say that the services provided by the
Municipalities’ LGU are well executed, yet there seems to be respondents that are not
satisfied and gave poor answers to specific services.
PEACE AND ORDER

5 4 3 2 1
P1 2 19 8 1 0 3.733333333 Very Satisfactory
TABLE 1.3
1.3 Peace and Order
Peace and Order in the municipality of Olongapo City gathered an average of 3.566
which corresponds to “Very Satisfaction”. The data was based on the answers of thirty (30)
respondents. According to Bartleby Research, Peace and Order are necessary for economic
development, social order, and political stability. A peaceful and orderly environment
promotes investment growth, creates more job opportunities, and attracts more tourists.
The first service in this area or “Initiates orderliness in the community” has a total
average of 3.733 which appears to be “Very Satisfactory”, where more than half of the total
respondents answered four (4) or “Very Satisfactory”. While “Mobilizes the community in
maintaining peace and order” or the service two (2) accumulated a total of 3.6 for its
average which corresponds to “Very Satisfactory”
The second highest gathered average is the service three (3) or “Ensures safety of the
constituents” which accumulated 3.8 or “Very Satisfied”. To ensure the safety of the
constituents, the municipality endorse the Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council
where it has incorporated the recent developments in the city and as a response to the great
phenomenon that people are experiencing.
The table shows that service four (4) or “Deploys peace officers on each barangay”
has the rating of “Very Satisfactory” for it has an average of 3.733, yet eleven (11)
respondents answered three (3) for this service which shows that they are “Satisfied” for the
execution of their LGU.
“Settles disputes among neighbors” or service five (5) has an average of 3.56 which
corresponds to “Very Satisfactory”, yet this service has the lowest average gathered for this
area. The respondents may not see how their municipality execute their job to accumulate
such average.
The municipality accumulated an average of 3.76 for sixth service or “Applied
existing laws and policies in resolving disputes” which equivalent to “Very Satisfactory”
Twelve (12) respondents answered four (4) or “Very Satisfied”, while eleven (11) answered
three (3).
The last service has the rating of “Very Satisfied” or an average of 3.86. The service is
known as, “Announces security threats”. Which also has the highest gathered average for
this area. Using the social media, Olongapo City achieved it goals to ensure that its
constituents are aware on what is happening to their municipality. However, one (1)
respondent answered one (1).
Based on the gathered data, researchers can say that the respondents are satisfied to the
services given by the municipality of Olongapo City.
INFRASTRUCTURE
5 4 3 2 1
I1 8 11 7 3 1 3.733333333 Very Satisfactory
TABLE 1.4
1.4 INFRASTRUCTURE
Infrastructure is an essential factor in spurring the economic growth through the reduction
of marketing costs through improved market access, contribute to poverty alleviation and
growth, and accommodate the mobility of society in general. In an archipelagic configuration
such as the Philippines, urban and rural transport involves both land and sea transport networks,
and to a limited extent, air transportation. Increasing road length and density has been identified
as a major factor in promoting poverty reduction and local development and growth in several
country growth and poverty reduction studies (Supangco, 2014).
The total average of the Infrastructure service is 3.538 which corresponds “Very
Satisfactory” and the highest among all other municipalities in the district. This average can be
accounted as a result of being Olongapo the only city in the First District of Zambales has a large
share of Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) and many cooperation to some international and
local private sector.
The first service which is “Ensures durability of infrastructures” gather an average of
3.733 which means “Very Satisfactory” service. This average is the highest among all seven (7)
services in the yet some locals that the researcher interview does not agree as during the former
administration there is an issue where the Mayor bypass the engineering department of the city.
It has also the highest frequency of “Outstanding” responses from the respondents.
While the second service “Conducts consultations regarding infrastructure projects
affecting private properties” collects an average of 3.566 which stands a “Very Satisfactory”
delivery of the said service.
The data shows that the third service or “Constructs necessary infrastructures for
development” amass an average of 3.466 which corresponds a “Very Satisfactory” also two (2)
respondents believe that the City is poor in providing that service, it is however the second
lowest service which is alarming as the City is a growing and thriving area on whole Zambales.
The table indicate also that service four (4) or “Builds farm to market roads” accumulate
an average of 3.433 is the lowest of all services. The researchers surmise this service a not
applicable somehow to a city as there are no farms in the area of Olongapo.

Service five (5) or “Takes into consideration requested infrastructures” accrue an average
of 3.566 which has a “Very Satisfactory” rating it also has the most “Satisfied” respondents as
nine (9) of them answers number three (3).
In the question if the municipality “Guarantees property and personal rights in building
and constructing infrastructures “or service six (6) garner an average 3.533 or has an rating of
”Very Satisfactory” it is also the service where most respondents are “Unsatisfied” as thirteen of
them answers number two (2).
Last but not the least “Informs constituents regarding budget on infrastructure” has an
average of 3.466 which corresponds to an ”Very Satisfactory” rating, its already tied to service
three (3) or the second lowest which is distressing as it is important to be transparent in each
projects.
SOCIAL ACTION
5 4 3 2 1
S1 5 11 11 2 1 3.566666667 Very Satisfactory
TABLE 1.5
1.5 SOCIAL ACTION
According to their experience from their municipality, thirty (30) respondents of
Municipality of Olongapo City accumulated a total average of 3.252 which equivalent to

“Very Satisfactory” rating in executing Social Action and that the local government unit of
Olongapo City executes it in an exceptional manner.
“Very Satisfactory” is rated in the first service or “Ensures that no one is deprived of
their rights” and gathered an average of 3.566 which is the second highest average in this
area.
The municipality has the highest average of 3.6 in service two (2) or “Encourages
nongovernment organizations in providing services to underprivileged communities” Where
twelve (12) respondents answered three (3) or “Satisfied” and eleven (11) answered four (4)
or “Very Satisfied”.
The service three (3) or “Conducts livelihood projects” gathered an average of 3.533
which corresponds to “Very Satisfied”. Olongapo City is bountiful in livelihood programs
which helped its constituents to provide money for their families. Project Life Subic, Inc. is a
non-profit organization which has the sole purpose of, to identify, empower, and strengthen
community members to help themselves and others. This organization collaborate with
churches, local government, public agencies, and private organizations to bring much needed
services to our community (Project Life Subic, 2017).
The fourth service or “Observes equal distribution of social goods” has a gathered
average 3.3 or “Very Satisfactory”, yet two (2) respondents answered one (1) for this service
which indicates that the service is “Poor”.
While “Satisfies the needs of the community” or the service five (5), accumulated an
average of 3.466 which rated as “Very Satisfactory”. In which thirteen (13) of the
respondents answered three (3) or satisfied.

The sixth service or “Guarantees the rights of the underprivileged according to
existing laws and policies” has an average of 3.133 or “Very Satisfied”. Aside for its high
rate, the service has the lowest average area. Sixteen (16) of the respondents answered three
(3) which is “Satisfied”. The respondents may not feel that their rights are secured based on
their answers.
And the last service or “Makes budgets and grants open to public” gathered an
average of 3.333 which indicates the service is “Very Satisfactory”. Clarity about the use of
public funds is necessary so that public representatives and officials can be accountable for
effectiveness and efficiency (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
OECD, ND).
The gathered average shows that these services of the Local Government Unit of the
Municipality of Olongapo City need a lot of improvements. Additionally, despite of having
high ratings, some services are appeared to be not delivered well to the constituents.
SUBIC
EDUCATION
5 4 3 2 1
TABLE 2.6
2.1 EDUCATION
Based on the responses given by the constituents of the municipality of Subic the
education programs are Very Satisfactory as seen on an average of 3.409. This therefore
resonates to the residents of Municipality of Subic because the result showed that the residents
are very satisfied on the Local Governments education programs and matters. The municipality
of Subic also scored 3.633 a “Very Satisfactory” when it comes to their LGU’s “spearheading of
educational projects and programs”. Subic LGU also has a very satisfactory score which is 3.46
when it comes to Involving stakeholders in “formulation of policies affecting the educational
sector”. In Monitoring the performance of educational institutions the Subic LGU scored three
point 4 which is still “Very Satisfactory” according to the Subic Residents. On the
“Entertainment of grievances and complaints involving the educational sector and Observance
of fair and impartial enforcement of educational policies “it is noticeable that each had five (5)
respondents scored unsatisfactory scores.

5 4 3 2 1
TABLE 2.7
The table 2.2 on the health and sanitation assessment has the average result of “Very
Satisfactory” scoring 3.59. This only concludes that Subic residents are “Very Satisfied” on the
LGU’s Health and Sanitations programs and related matters. The respondents are also satisfied
on the LGU’s “Ensuring the health of constituents” as well as a sanitized environment scoring
3.63 which is “Very Satisfactory”. On the Distribution of medicines on each barangay majority
of the respondents an answered that they are satisfied scoring 3.43 equivalent to “Very
satisfactory”. Subic LGU’s score on “Observance of environmental laws” is 3.44 equivalent to
“Very Satisfactory” however six (6) of the respondents are unsatisfied on the LGU’S
environmental laws.
PEACE AND ORDER

5 4 3 2 1
TABLE 2.8
2.3 PEACE AND ORDER
According to their experience from their municipality, of all the thirty (30) respondent the
Municipality of Subic gathered a total average of 3.566 which corresponds to a “Very
Satisfactory” rating in implementing peace and order and that the local government unit of Subic
executes it in an exceptional manner.

There is also a “Very Satisfactory” rating in “Initiates orderliness in the community” on
this service the municipality has been able to amass an average of 3.433.
While in “Mobilizes the community in maintaining peace and order” or service 2 it amass
an average of 3.333 which indicates a “Very Satisfactory” rating, yet it is the only service in
Peace and Order that a respondent answer 1 which means poor delivery of the said service, and
also the service that has the lowest average.
The table also shows that service 3 or “Ensures safety of the constituents” has a 3.6
average or an equivalent of a “Very Satisfactory” rating, almost half of the respondents answered
3 which indicate that the service is only satisfied.
In the question if the municipality “Deploys peace officers on each barangay” the LGU
of Subic gather an average of 3.566 that states “Very Satisfactory” rating, but this is also the
service where most of the respondents (5) deemed that the LGU deliver an unsatisfied service.
The barangay is the smallest political unit in the Philippines and the nearest to the people in the
communities. It functions as the primary planning and implementing unit of government
programs, projects and activities (Gabriel & Manuzon, 2016; Cuya-Antonio & Antonio, 2017).
And the organizational effectiveness of the barangays depends on the performance of their
functions as mandated by law (Cuya-Antonio & Antonio, 2017).
The data regarding “Settles disputes among neighbors” or service 5 has the highest
average totaled 3.7 that denote a “Very Satisfactory rating.” This rating could be relate in the
research of Dr. Chona Pajarillo Agustin, in Barangay Caritan Centro in the city of Tuguegarao,
were the research concluded that The Lupon Tagapamayapa performs its mandate in accordance
to existing legal protocols of the law particularly the requirements of institutionalized

conciliation processes. The Lupon tagapamaya, though having excellently perform its duties and
responsibilities has a low ratings on their issuance of certificate to file action due to the reasons
that the lupon aims to make the conciliation process successful that they do not immediately give
the pertinent document for the parties to have an ample time to think and decide over the matter
in hopes that it be reconciled.
The service 6 or “Applied existing laws and policies in resolving disputes” muster an
average of 3.633 that equate a “Very Satisfactory” rating. On this service the researchers imply
the formal research of Rojo (2002) Although the 1991 LGC has recognized the maintenance of
the Barangay Justice System as one of the eight basic functions of the barangays under the
decentralization framework, its implementation encounters certain hindrances that need to be
overcome, if it is to be considered a genuine alternative to improve access to justice for the poor.
A supportive legal background is extremely important, but it is not a sufficient factor to
guarantee the programme’s effectiveness. There is a wide gap between legality and reality is
often very wide, and in the case of dispute resolution practices, power and social conditions play
a particularly important role. The main limitations of the BJS are closely related with the
predominance of patron-client relationships in the Philippine society, the distribution of financial
resources at the barangay level, the lack of high quality training and technical capacity, the
scarce information and promotion of the BJS, and weak reporting and supervision systems. The
researchers cite this study as till now there are no major reforms in the BJS. Yet again in the
study of Rojo the paper still have the same result as to this current paper as the former
concluded, the BJS initiative is providing a different and more accessible channel for poor
people to realize their right to resolve their disputes at the community level. The limitations and
operational gaps should not darken the positive impacts that the system is having on the overall
progress in the administration of justice in the Philippines.
Lastly the service 7 or “Announces security threats” gathered an average of 3.7 also the
highest among the seven services which corresponds a “Very Satisfactory” rating, it is also the
service that the most of the respondents thinks the LGU excel where 7 of them answered
“Outstanding.” The researchers would like to applaud the municipality in terms of this service
as the researchers do an examinations whether the “Outstanding” in each services is very
deserving and what they see on the Facebook page is an almost every day update on what trends
and events current happening in the municipality.
This data can be used to determine where there are improvements that are necessary and
what constituents find the most fruitful enforcement of the Peace and Order in the Municipality
of Subic as the researchers can say that they did a very satisfied job to keep and enforce the laws.
INFRASTUCTURE
5 4 3 2 1
E7 2 9 8 6 5 2.9 Satisfactory
TABLE 2.9
2.4 INFRASTRUCTURE
For Infrastructure in the municipality, the constituents based their answers on whether they
think the infrastructures that local government built and building is accordingly to their needs,
and if LGU have been of any help in maintaining this structures. In respect to their assessment,
the thirty (30) respondents has been able to give the municipality an average of 3.242 which
means a “ Very satisfactory” rating, but the data on the table is filled with an “Unsatisfied”
service or number two (2) where many respondents consider that the municipality give their
constituents a service that is quite below par. In service 1 or “Ensures durability of
infrastructures” the municipality collects an average of 3.433 the highest among all of the
services in infrastructure which in other words has an rating of “ Very Satisfactory,” this also
one of the services where respondents believe that the municipality ensure durability as four (4)
of them answer outstanding.
The table above shows that service two (2) or “Conducts consultations regarding
infrastructure projects affecting private properties” has the lowest frequency of outstanding or
constituent’s response of number five (5) where only one (1) is certain, it also has the average of
3.166 which corresponds “Very Satisfactory” even though it does not contribute a lot of
“Outstanding” responses coming from the respondents.
The data gives also the glimpse where the bulk of the answers is “Unsatisfied” or number
two (2), it will start here in service 3 or “Constructs necessary infrastructures for development”
where the respondents give most of their retort in “Unsatisfied” service where 6 of believed that
the LGU does not construct necessary projects, even though most of them are unsatisfied the
service is still able to amass an average of 3.3 that translates to an “Very Satisfactory” rating, as
eleven (11) of the respondents believed the LGU is able deliver there service on a satisfactory
and very satisfactory level. The researchers believed that there is also an influx of infrastructure
projects as the primary source of infrastructure financing in the Philippines remains to be the
public budget. For the year 2017, the administration proposed a total infrastructure Budget of
$15.6 billion, which constitutes about 5.4% of the country’s GDP. However, to achieve
Government’s target of raising PhP 1.1 trillion ($20 billion) over the next 6 years (until 2022).
While service four (4) or “Builds farm to market roads” has been able to rack up an
average of 3.3 same with the above service, but it has also a lot of considerable high frequency of
unsatisfied constituents which six (6) of them surmise that their municipality does not build
enough farms to market roads considering that the municipality is solely relying in agriculture.
The six (6) respondents that answers “Unsatisfied” has been counterweigh by eleven (11) other
respondent that trust their LGU of an “Very Satisfactory” rating. There is also other three (3) that
consider the municipality is “Outstanding” in this service, the researchers can see the link of the
rating and the current government policy, The “BBB” program consists of around 20,000
infrastructure projects nationwide, involving roads, highways, farm-to-market roads, airports,
seaports, terminals, evacuation centers, lighthouses, hospitals, schools, government centers, and
the like. It is the centerpiece and one of the top-priority programs of the Duterte administration,
which has been allocated a budget of around PHP 8 trillion (US$164.7 billion) for a six-year
period (2017-2022). On this list of facilities farm to market roads is included.
The service five (5) or “Takes into consideration requested infrastructures” has the
highest frequency of “Outstanding” answers which is four (4) of the respondents give credence
that the LGU of Subic takes considerations, it also accumulate an average of 3.266 the second
lowest among all the services in Infrastructure, this happened as most of the constituents
conclude that their LGU takes consideration in an satisfied manner which twelve (12) them
answered number three (3), yet that average still means “Very Satisfactory” rating.
In the question if the municipality “Guarantees property and personal rights in building
and constructing infrastructures “or service six (6) garner an average of 3.333 or has an rating
of ”Very Satisfactory.” Yet it has also a large number of respondents that are unsatisfied on the
said service where six (6) of them answered number two (2).
Finally the data on service 7 or “ Informs constituents regarding budget on
infrastructure” has an average of 2.9 the lowest of all the services in Infrastructure and equates
an “Satisfactory” rating, it has also highest frequency of poor deliver service where five (5) of
them answer number one (1) or “Poor” and also it has the same number of unsatisfied
constituents where six (6) of the believe that there municipality underperform this service. The
result of this service is quite alarming as many of respondent distrust their LGU as it failed to
become transparent to its constituents even though it is now mandatory to be transparent with the
help of the Freedom of Information Law this should not be an issue yet still it is still a concern
for the people. The researchers check the webpage of the municipality and there are insufficient
information on regarding projects, the researchers also check their Facebook page and there is
also no information about the budget.
The Infrastructure section at the Municipality of Subic has the lowest average of all the
services. As the ratings considerably drop, this can be used by the administration to formulate a
better method of reaching to their constituents or to being more open to them on what projects
should be done and allow them more to see the whole process from bidding up to construction,
as it is most beneficial for all the parties involved; the LGU and the people.

5 4 3 2 1
E1 3 13 7 7 0 3.566666667 VERY SATISFACTORY
E4 1 10 11 7 1
3.3 VERY SATISFACTORY
E5 2 9 13 5 1
E6 3 8 12 5 2
E7 1 11 10 7 1
AVERAGE 3.419047619 VERY SATISFACTORY
SOCIAL ACTION
TABLE 2.10
2.5 SOCIAL ACTION

The Social Action of the municipality is rated based on the constituent’s perception of the
magnitude of the effort administered by the LGU to ensure their job to be deliver to the citizens.
Social action can be define as Social action is about people coming together to help improve
their lives and solve the problems that are important in their communities. It can broadly be
defined as practical action in the service of others, which is (i) carried out by individuals or
groups of people working together, (ii) not mandated and not for profit, (iii) done for the good of
others – individuals, communities and/or society, and (iv) bringing about social change and or
value. (Cabinet Office, 2015).
The table shows that service 1 or “Ensures that no one is deprived of their rights”
gathered an average of 3.566 which corresponds a “Very Satisfactory” rating yet there is a
substantial unsatisfied respondents as seven (7) of them answers two (2) or “Unsatisfied.” While
almost half (13) answer a “Very Satisfactory” rating.
Interpreting the data gives an average of 3.6 to service 2 or “Encourages nongovernment
organizations in providing services to underprivileged communities” which means it has been
able to get an average of “Very Satisfactory” rating. Most of the respondent’s respond is
“Satisfactory” whether if the LGU is encouraging the NGOs to provide service. As the highest
among all of the services, the researchers viewed that the municipality of Subic has a significant
cooperation to NGOs, Orbita (2013) concluded that NGOs, in any sense, as partner of the LGUs
become the conduit or channel both in identifying the people’s needs and, consequently,
satisfying those needs with programs, projects and activities that are responsive. NGOs are
conduits because they know and are familiar with the people on the ground. In addition,
equipped with substantial resources and manpower there is a notion that larger LGUs are
effective in cooperating with NGOs compared to the smaller LGUs. Considering Subic as a
developing municipality as there is a population boom between 2010 and 2015 a +5.66% and
+3.00% growth rate base on the Philippine Statistics Office.
Service three (3) or “Conducts livelihood projects” amass an average of 3.533 and has a
rating of “Very Satisfactory” the service also has accounted a sizeable number of respondents (4)
that answer “Outstanding.”
While service four (4) or “Observes equal distribution of social good” is been able to
have an average of 3.3 translating an “Very Satisfactory” rating, but even it has a high rating
seven (7) of the respondents consider the municipality is giving their constituents a
“Unsatisfying” service of giving an equal distribution in social goods. Also only one (1)
respondent give credit to the LGU of giving them an equal distribution the difference of the two
can be accounted on what is currently happening in the county. The researchers concluded that
the answers can be related on what is currently happening in the country last year in distributing
SAP, also the LGUs right now in the era of the pandemic is unprepared, the government soon
rolled out for the poorest 18 million Filipino households the Social Amelioration Program, a cash
assistance program of approximately US$100 to $160, or one to two weeks’ worth of minimum
wage. As the national policy to combat the pandemic fell into place, expectations ran high on the
implementers of the program on the ground: local government units (LGUs) of cities and
municipalities. LGUs tapped into their reserve funds to provide households with relief goods
(mostly food consisting of rice and canned goods) and mobilized disinfection efforts. Gutierrez
(2020) immediate complaints by local government units arrived as demands from the actual
number of households needing aid exceeded the available funds. Barangay (village) heads
complained, “Our positions have made executioners out of us, as if we get to say who gets to live
and who dies in distributing the aid.” Procedural verifications and monitoring in anticipation of
auditing procedures caused delays in distribution, with critics arguing that the urgency of the
crisis should override the fine-tuning of administrative processes. The delays turned into the
quick realization that the national budget could not cover the people’s needs amidst public
demand to expand the coverage to the poor beyond the 4Ps program.
The researcher would like to cite what Maever (2020) describe in their research that
Lockdowns also lead to cessation of virtually all economic activity, exacerbating health and
social inequities.
In the question if the municipality “Satisfies the needs of the community “or service five
(5) accumulate an average of 3.466 which equates in a “Very Satisfactory” rating however five
(5) of the respondent deemed that the municipality gives an “Unsatisfied” service and one (1)
said that it delivers ‘Poor”. This is evident as A study presented by research institute John J.
Carroll Institute on Church and Social Issues (JJCICSI) and international nongovernmental
organization Rare during a webinar held by fisher folk organization Pangingisda Natin Gawing
Tama (PaNaGat) Network showed that weak fisheries enforcement in 4 Philippine provinces has
taken its toll on the economic and social lives of the municipal fisher folk. The lack of
enforcement budget led to further deterioration of marine resources. The study added that while
the motivations for municipal enforcement rules are clear, irregularities still happen due to the
influence of stakeholders and the absence of regular scientific study of marine resources. The
study assessed the policy for commercial fishing in the municipal waters of Subic in Zambales,
Pandan in Antique, Coron in Palawan, and Zamboanga City. These 4 LGUs have a total of more
than 30,000 registered fisher folk as of 2020.
Next will be the service six (6) or “Guarantees the rights of the underprivileged
according to existing laws and policies” collects an average of 3.133 the lowest of them all still
it indicate a “Very Satisfactory” rating. This service frequently has the most answer (2) that the
municipality is having a “Poor” fulfillment of guarantees the rights of the underprivileged
according to existing laws and policies and five (5) persons to say that they are “Unsatisfied.
“Based on the 2005 survey this is alarming as 0.2527 is the poverty incidence the highest among
all of the municipality and city that consist the First District of Zambales. The result can be link
in what United Nations Human Rights Council special rapporteur concluded that there dramatic
rise in human rights violations in the Philippines. During the Duterte’s administration.
Finally the last service or “Makes budgets and grants open to public” foregather an
average of 3.333 that corresponds to a “Very Satisfactory” rating. Nonetheless the data shows
that the service has a high frequency of “Unsatisfied” service totaling a seven (7) and one person
to said “Poor.” Transparency and accountability are essential components of democratic
government and governance, nationally and locally (Gabriel, 2017). The researchers reason out
that the municipality of Subic is inefficient to enforce the so called Full Disclosure Policy of the
municipality. The researchers compare that when in terms of granting and making it to see in the
public Subic municipality just upload an image while the Olongapo City upload an excel files
and on how the budget completely breaks.

This weighted average, when compared to the high frequency of unsatisfied and poor
responses from all the services shown in Table 2.5, shows that despite a high ratings, there
seems to be inefficiency in giving and delivering the services of Social Action as almost all
unsatisfied and poor answers where filled by their constituents.
CASTILLEJOS
EDUCATION
5 4 3 2 0
TABLE 2.11
2.1 EDUCATION
According to the thirty (30) respondents that experience the schools' service, they are
gaining the essential information for students in the province of the Castillejos are "Very
Satisfactory" with an average of 3.519. The most famous school in the region of Castillejos is
The Ramon Magsaysay Technological University - Castillejos Campus. That offers five (5)
courses, Bachelor of Elementary Education, BS in Accounting Technology, Bachelor of
Secondary Education, BS in Business Administration, and AB in Social Science.
In-Service one (1), two (2), and three (3) are "Very Satisfactory" in the service of the
schools, and they are giving what the education must do, which is a lifelong process of
empowerment. And instructions help us to grow and develop as individuals. Education can
empower us to become empathic individuals, build our self-confidence and learn more about our
strengths. A question is assert for every respondent, and one of those questions is "Monitors the
performance of educational institutions. And Ensures that education is accessible to everyone."
Most of them answer five (5), which is "Very Satisfactory" according to one of their students
studying in the Castillejos. They are good at implementing rules and regulations, and they are
maintaining their balance for the students studying in the province of the Castillejos.
In service, four (4) who have the higher average among the respondents are "Very
Satisfactory" in schools' service. The question that been ask stated, "Spearheads educational
projects and programs." In-service 4 voted is 4. For this respondent, he sees that the education
system they have excellent when it comes to educational projects and programs. They serve their
students with complete care and willingness to help them keep up with the learning and lessons.
And the average is 3.8, and they give fair and impartial enforcement of the students who enrolled
there.
Service five (5) has the lowest average among the respondents all thought it still the
average of 3.2 “spearheads educational projects and programs." Most of the respondents put the
three (3) "Satisfactory" they see it has balance, not too much but balance with it comes to
projects and programs that the school offers.

Service six (6) and seven (7) has an average of 3.466 and 3.433. In service 6 the 13
respondents votes are 4 and in the service 7 10 respondents voted is 3. Questions ask, “Involves
stakeholders in formulation of policies affecting the education sector.” And “Monitors the
performance of educational institutions.” In general, the growing use of the term "stakeholder"
in public education stems from the recognition that schools, as public institutions supported by
state and local tax revenues, are not only a part of and responsible to the communities they serve,
but they are also obligated to involve the broader community in important decisions related to
the school's governance, operation, or improvement. (Educational Reform).

5 4 3 2 1
TABLE 2.12

As for the health and sanitation in the municipality of Castillejos, the thirty (30)
respondents are residents of the said municipality and answered according to the conditions of
the health centers whether it is in, reliable, or still satisfying the people of the municipal's needs.
Overall, the service in health and sanitation of the said barangay in the municipality has an
average of 3.55, responding to the rating "very satisfactory," but as you can see in the data and
respondents answered a most are four (4) about a "Very Satisfactory" rating. Given that, it is
conclusive that the municipality's service in health and sanitation is considered insubstantial by
the public.
Service one (1) has an average of 3.7, which "Very Satisfactory" the frequency in the table
the respondents of 13. Rating in "Ensures that education is accessible to everyone." on this
service, the municipality has been able to gather 64 respondents. While in "Conduct forum on
health concerns" or service two (2), it amasses 54 respondents who voted "Very Satisfactory"
rating and there's four respondent answer one (1) which means poor delivery of the said service.
The table also shows that service three or "Implements sanitary measures." has a 3.8 average or
an equivalent of a "Very Satisfactory" rating. Almost half of the respondents answered four
which indicates that the service is only very satisfactory.
Service five (5) and six (6) has an average of 3.4 in the service five (5) most voted are
four which is "Very Satisfactory" question "Provide medical assistance to constituents." With
several 49 respondents. If given in or after the third month preceding the month in which the
recipient applies for assistance. However, several recent legal decisions have questioned the
long-standing tradition of using the word "patient aid" to refer to both the bill for the treatment
and the availability of such services. These views have interpreted the term to apply only to
payment; this interpretation makes certain parts of Title XIX complicated and, in one instance,
absurd. If the word referred to payments, the constitutional provision that medical aid is provided
with reasonable promptness "to all deserving individuals" in a scheme where almost no
recipients accept direct payments from the state or federal governments would be almost
nonsensical. Other courts have interpreted the definition to include both reimbursement and the
substantive provision of care and facilities, as it has acknowledged. Formalized paraphrase The
Circuit Courts are divided on this subject, and the Supreme Court has refused to hear it.
Service seven (7) that have an average of 3.6 which stated as " Very satisfactory" question
asked is "Announces outbreaks of diseases." Covered 55 respondents. WHO officials also
stressed the value of countries implementing a political combination of containment and
mitigation policies. The former entails isolating cases and following and possibly quarantining
their interactions to identify and interrupt established chains of transmission. Mitigation entails
community-level measures such as social distancing, which worn where the virus is spreading
widely. If a person has the virus, then it cannot trace transmission chains. They rejected concerns
that such interventions would be too expensive or resource-intensive, given the consequences of
failing to slow the spread of the disease.
PEACE AND ORDER

5 4 3 2 1
TABLE 2.13
2.3 PEACE AND ORDER

Heeding by the experience of the thirty (30) respondents residing in the Municipality of
Castillejos, the survey aggregates a "Very Satisfactory" rating with a total average of 3.557,
denoting that the peace and order imposed by the local government units of Castillejos are
carrying out flawlessly.

Service one (1) of the municipality or "Initiate’s orderliness in the community" got a "Very
Satisfactory" rating with an average of 3.6. Despite having a high rating, it is noticeable that
twelve (12) of the respondents answered 2 in this service equated to an "Unsatisfactory" rating.
Nonce, services two (2) and three (3) of the municipality that "Mobilizes the community
in maintaining peace and order" and "Ensures safety of the constituents" have gathered both an
average of 3.467, measuring up to the "Very Satisfactory" rating.
Service four (4) in peace and order or "Deploys peace officers on each barangay" has the
highest rating totaling an average of 3.8 also in the "Very Satisfactory." Service four (4) also has
the highest 5 answers given by the respondents translating into an "Outstanding" rating.
Barangay is the Philippines' basic unit of government (Sumad-On, 2020). A fundamental
political company such as the barangay can be an effective tool for promoting the general
welfare of the people. (Boysillo, 2017).
The data gathered on service five (5) and service six (6) or "Settles disputes among
neighbors" and "Applied existing laws and policies in resolving disputes" derived an average of
3.433 and 3.467, respectively, bringing forth a "Very Satisfactory" rating. These services are
attached to the Barangay Justice System (BJS) and the Philippine community mediation, the
Katarungang Pambarangay. Former President Marcos established the BJS through the 1978
Presidential Decree (PD) NO. 1508, also known as "Establishing A System of Amicably Settling
Disputes at The Barangay Level." Under this PD, conflicts among residents of the same
cities/municipalities should first register for mediation or, if this fails, for conciliation in the
Barangay. (Ramos-Rojo, 2002). Supplementary, The Katarungang Pambarangay is a three-
person mediation in which the mediators drain volunteers in the barangay. The law organizes the
Katarungang Pambarangay system, Presidential Decree 1508 (as amended), does not claim to
introduce a new concept of dispute agreement in the Philippines. Instead, it recognizes and
formalizes the culture and tradition of village-centered dispute resolution. The avowed
reasoning, expressly stated in the law itself, is to: One (1) promote the high speed of the
administration of justice; Two (2) implement the constitutional mandate to preserve and develop
Filipino culture. And Three (3) strengthen the family as a fundamental social institution.
(Tabucanon, Wall & Yan, 2008).
Finally, the "Announces security threats" or service 7 met the "Very Satisfactory" rating,
averaging a 3.667. The researchers would like to commend the services providing by the Local
Government Unit in the Municipality of Castillejos for their work ethics considered through the
positive rating of the respondents as the residents of the municipality.
This data can determine whether the LGUs of Castillejos are advancing in the service or
whether there is a need for improvement in the future, given that the respondents and the
researchers are very pleased with how they are keeping peace and order in the municipality.
INFRASTRUCTURE
5 4 3 2 1
E2 2 11 7 7 3 3.066666667 Satisfactory
E7 3 7 10 7 3 3 Satisfactory
TABLE 2.14
2.4 INFRASTRUCTURE
As for the Infrastructure in the municipality of Castillejos, the respondents are residents of
the said municipality and answered according to the conditions of the public infrastructures
whether it is in constant maintenance, reliable, or still satisfying the public's needs. Overall, the
service in Infrastructure of the LGU in the municipality has an average of 3.314, corresponding’s
to the rating "Very Satisfactory," but observing the data, and respondents answered a
considerable amount of number two (2) about an "Unsatisfactory" rating. Given that, it is
conclusive that the municipality's service in the infrastructure sector is considered insubstantial
by the public.
Service one (1) of Infrastructure or "Conduct’s consultations regarding infrastructure
projects affecting private properties" has gathered an average of 3.367 and a "Very Satisfactory"
rating. Lower than the previous, service two (2) or the "Ensures durability of infrastructures" got
an average of 3.067, barely passing the "Satisfactory" rate. Three (3) respondents gave a poor
rating of number one (1).
Meanwhile, the "Guarantees property and personal rights in building and constructing
infrastructures" or service three accumulated an average of 3.233, a "Very Satisfactory" rating,
yet eight (8) of the respondents evaluated the service "Unsatisfactory" as a manifestation of its
flawed system. According to research conducted by Calderon & Serven in 2004 about the effects
of infrastructure development on growth and income distribution, private providers take over
public firms often to make them more profitable by downsizing. As a result, infrastructure
services may become unaffordable to lower-income groups.
"Takes into consideration requested infrastructures" or service four (4) has the highest
rating among all services in the Infrastructure with the evaluation "Very Satisfactory" from the
respondents averaging of 3.6. The rating implies that the municipality listens to the public and
considers its people's opinions and needs. It has long acknowledged that a sufficient supply of
infrastructure services is an essential ingredient for productivity and growth (Calderon & Serven,
2004).
Service five (5) or "Builds farm to market roads" is not far enough from the rating of the
former gathering, an average of 3.533 showing a "Very Satisfactory" rating. The crucial area for
the exchange of goods and services in the municipality is the public market, located about 20
meters away from the Municipal Hall, far from farms in the city. In addition, Service six (6) or
"Constructs necessary infrastructures for development" similarly has a "Very Satisfactory" rating
from the respondents averaging a 3.4. The number of buildings in the municipality is 1,660.
These include marketing outlets, restaurants, sari-sari stores, furniture shops, and many others.
Sari-sari stores that were corresponding to the total number of 477 constitute the uppermost form
of trading. They provide the day-to-day livelihood of the immediate neighborhood.
Lastly, the "Informs constituents regarding budget on infrastructure" or service seven (7)
also barely passed the "Satisfactory Rate," having an average of flat three (3) and the lowest in
the service of Infrastructure. Seven (7) respondents rated this service as two (2) or
"Unsatisfactory," and three (3) answered 1, equating to "Poor" evaluation. The rating in this
service is entirely concerned as it is associated with the municipality's budget since the LGU
should be transparent with the public to avoid mistrust and stir suspicion on the administration.
Researchers also found inadequate data on its websites about the municipality's projects or
budget.
The Infrastructure services of the Municipality of Castillejos, while rating as "Very
Satisfactory," is still unqualified, taking account of the respondents' ratings. The administration
can use the consequence to better its services and its overall communication with its constituents
and people, outlining a more accessible process on the infrastructure services from bidding to
building infrastructures and the people's trust.

5 4 3 2 1
E1 3 10 12 4 1
E2 3 8 15 4 0
E3 3 8 16 2 1
E4 1 9 15 3 2
E5 1 7 15 5 32 SATISFACTORY
E6 3 4 18 4 1
E7 2 7 12 6 3
2.966666667 SATISFACTORY
SOCIAL ACTION
TABLE 2.15
2.5 SOCIAL ACTION

As defined by the Collins Dictionary of Sociology, social action is a form or method of
resolving social problems. The opposite of that according to conflicts of interest and needs
among the fundamental social forces. The respondents bounded by their involvement in the
municipality of Castillejos being a citizen there rated the Social Action Service of the city as
“Very Satisfactory” with an average of 3.176. Scrutinizing the data and table above, it is visible
that most respondents evaluated the services with number three (3) much the same as
“satisfactory rate” or just average—neither satisfied nor discontented.
The services one (1) and two (2) or the “Ensures that no one is needy of their rights” and
“Encourages non-government organizations in providing services to underprivileged
communities” of the social action sector has collected an average of 3.333, resulting in a “Very
Satisfactory” evaluation of the respondents. The assessment is mediating between the ratings of
four (4) and (3) corresponding to “Very satisfactory” and “Satisfactory” ratings.
Service three (3) or “Conduct’s livelihood projects,” and service four (4), as “Observes equal
distribution of social good,” evenly had a “Very Satisfactory” rate from the respondents
averaging 3.333. Based on Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Census 2015, Castillejos has a
total population of 64,841 with 697 population density (persons per square kilometer) and the
most densely populated municipality in Zambales. Despite that, the respondents see LGU’s
services as exceptional. Researchers are also acknowledging the services being accurate as
municipal’s official website the various programs for social welfare and development services
indicating its open and accessible help.
“Satisfies the needs of the community” or service five and service six (6) “Guarantees the
rights of the underprivileged according to existing laws and policies” are neighboring from each
other as service five (5) gathered an average of 3 and service six (6) having 3.133 as an average.
Service five (5) and six (6) both fall at a “Very Satisfactory” rate. The linkage between the two
services is very evident as to satisfy the community’s need to guarantee all their rights, especially
the underprivileged, according to the existing laws and policies. The announcement of the
secretary-general of the United Nations about the legal empowerment of the poor and eradication
of poverty in 2009 point out that in many expand countries, institutions, laws, and policies
governing profitable and social interactions do not afford equal chances and security to a large
segment of the population. Primarily minorities, poor, women, and other groups. Instead of
fostering inclusive and equitable growth, some laws and institutions impose barriers and biases
against the poor. Even where there are laws that secure and uphold the rights of the poor, they
are often too ambiguous, cumbersome, and costly for them to access.
As a final point, the “Makes budgets and grants open to the public” has the lowest rating
among all the services. Service seven (7) averaged a 2.967, hardly passing the “Satisfactory”
ratings of the respondents. It is alarming for the researchers to observe that as such negligence
remains in the municipality, the LGU provided limited information about the budget and grants
for the public.
This data can become familiar to rectify the services of the local government units
concerning social action in the municipality of Castillejos, resulting in the improvement of the
lives of its people. This data can also help to assess whether the offices are rightfully delivering
their jobs to the public.
SAN MARCELINO
EDUCATION
SERVICES FREQUENCY AVERAGE DESCRPTION
5 4 3 2 1
7
7
3
7
6
TABLE 2.16
2.16 EDUCATION
The table above represents the views of the citizens of the Municipality of San Marcelino
towards their Education. The first set of data pertains to the question of the Education system
being active in spearheading Educational Programs, And the data shows that the Majority of the
respondents are on the higher perspective, with the rating of three (3) having the most responses
having fifteen (15); The rating of four having twelve (12) responses; and lastly, the rating of five
having three responses. This totals to an average of Three-point-Six (3.6) in average, making it to
the citizens of San Marcelino very satisfactory.
The Next is about stakeholders being involved to create new policies for the education
system of the municipality. The data is as follows, from the Lowest rating to the highest: which
is zero (0), Two (2), Fifteen (15), Ten (10), and Three (3), where the people’s majority coincides
with the services very satisfactory to the people. And as to monitoring the Educational facilities
inside the municipality, it holds very satisfactory to the people, having an average of
3.56666667, with the data as follows from lowest to highest rating: Zero (0), Three (3), Ten (10),
Fourteen (14), and Three (3), making it so that the majority is satisfied with this service. The
people of San Marcelino also see that Education is accessible to everyone, and is thus Very
satisfactory to the people. They are happy, and as the data shows in the same format as before:
Zero (0), Two (2), Nine (9), Eleven (11), and Eight (8), the majority on the satisfactory side,
giving us an average of 3.83333333…

The People of San Marcelino is well heard of by the Education System in the
Municipality, since the Majority of the Respondents answered quite positively to the service.
And thus, goes to show that the data represents this and as follows from Lowest to highest rating:
Zero (0), Four (4), Eleven (11), Fourteen (14) and One (1). Unfortunately, four respondents felt it
was lacking, however, the majority having an average of 3.4 makes it very satisfactory to the
people of San Marcelino. The services are seen as Impartial and fair by the Sample population
as well, having an average of 3.66666667, making it a very satisfactory service for the people of
San Marcelino, with the data as follows: Zero (0), Three (3), Eleven (11), Nine (9), and Seven
(7), where the Majority leans in the positive side of the rating. And Lastly is the service of
transparency of the Education System’s budget with a 3.5 Average, making it very satisfactory
for the people of San Marcelino. With the data as follows as the same as before having Zero (0)
responses on rating one (1) and follows as Three (3), Fourteen (14), Eight (8), and Five (5). The
majority again on the Positives of the Rating scale.

5 4 3 2 1
H1 3 13 13 2 0
7
H2 3 11 13 3 0 3.46666666 VERY SATISFACTORY
7
6
4
7
9
7
TABLE 2.17
To accurately interpret the data, we must consider the following format of having the
rating system be interpreted by starting at the lowest possible rating to the highest possible
rating. And to start off the interpretation, we must interpret the First set of data, pertaining to the
question of whether the health service is active in the municipality. The data shows an average of
3.566666667 making it so that the people of San Marcelino is very satisfied with the activeness
of the health department of the Municipality. With the data follows: Zero (0), Two (2), Thirteen
(13), Thirteen (13), and Three (3) leading the majority to the satisfactory side of the scale, with
Only Two (2) on the not So satisfied and Zero at Not satisfied. And the next set of data pertains
to the question whether the Health Department of the Municipality is actively sharing medical
knowledge to the people, and is again, very satisfied for the people, with an average of
3.466666667 especially San Marcelino having a Hospital. The Data is as Follows: Zero (0),
Three (3), Thirteen (13), Eleven (11), And Three (3) with the Majority in the Positive side of the
overall scale. The Following set of data pertains to the service of the health department of the
Municipality of Implementing sanitary measures for the public, especially in this time of Viral
Pandemic. The respondents are highly satisfied with the service yielding an average of
3.344827586 and thus providing a clear activeness of the municipality so far. The data is as
follows: Zero (0), Three (3), Eleven (11), Fourteen (14), and One (1), surprisingly having the
majority in the fairly satisfied rating.
The following set of data now pertains to whether the municipality and its health
department actively distributes drugs, and medicines for the public, especially in the barangay
level. And the sample population gave us a glimpse and is outright very satisfied with this
service on Average of 3.137931034 but not like the prior sets of data, barely making the Cut. The
data is as follows: Zero (0), Six (6), Fourteen (14), Six (6), and One (1), making it clear that most
is just satisfied with the service having the majority sitting in that rating. The Fifth set of data
pertains to whether the Municipality provides medical assistance to the people of San Marcelino
with an Average of 3.366666667 and the data as following: Zero (0), Two (2), Seventeen (17),
Nine (9), Two (2). The majority sits in the mediocre service of the Municipality of providing
medical assistance.
The second to the last set of data pertains whether they follow the environmental laws,
where the sample showed an average of 3.517241379 and data as follows: Zero (0), Three (3),
Twelve (12), Ten (10), and Four (4), shows that the municipality is mediocrely follows
environmental laws, but is still quite acceptable for the people of San Marcelino. The last set of
data pertains to the activeness of the Municipality in announcing outbreaks. The sample
population answered an average of 3.8 satisfaction, and thus very satisfactory for the population,
especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, and the yearly outbreaks of Flu; the data follows: One
(1), Zero (0), Eleven (11), Ten (10), and Eight (8), one was very unsatisfied, however the
majority still pulls in the positive side of the scale. And thus, not everyone is happy, but the
majority is satisfied which matters for the whole municipality.
PEACE AND ORDER

5 4 3 2 1
P1 4 13 10 3 0 3.6 VERY SATISFACTORY
3
7
7
3
7
TABLE 2.18
2.18 PEACE AND ORDER
To accurately interpret the data, we must consider the following format of having the
rating system be interpreted by starting at the lowest possible rating to the highest possible
rating. And to start off the interpretation, we must interpret the First set of data, pertaining to the
question of whether the municipality initiates orderliness in the community, which in turn the
sample population shows that they see their community perfectly in order with an overall
average of 3.6 making them highly satisfied with this service. The data following: Zero (0),
Three (3), Ten (10), Thirteen (13), and Four (4), the majority fairly satisfied with this specific
service for the community. The next set of data is about whether the municipality mobilizes
personnel to uphold and maintain peace and order in the community. The Sample population is
highly satisfied with the Service, where they feel that the neighborhood is safe and orderly, with
an overall average of 3.533333333. The data is as follows: Zero (0), Three (3), Eleven (11),
Thirteen (13), and Three (3), not going far away from the prior data, the sample population
shows that the communities in the Municipality are protected. Especially, the next set of data
pertains to whether the municipality ensures the safety of the population in San Marcelino, where
the overall average is 3.466666667 and the Sample is highly satisfied with the protection. The
data is as follows: Zero (0), Two (2), Fifteen (15), Seven (7), and Six (6); the majority is fairly
safe in the communities of San Marcelino.
Each barangay must have Peace Officers, and in San Marcelino, this is a must have
service. The next set of Data shows that the Communities of San Marcelino must at least have
one or more peach officers. And with an average of 3.533, the sample population is highly
satisfied with the service. The data shows that there is at least one for each barangay since the
majority falls in fairly satisfactory service. The data is as follows: Zero (0), Five (5), Twelve
(12), Six (6), and Seven (7). The data table also shows that the Municipality makes sure that
disputes are settled between neighbors, since the next set of data shows an average of 3.533
making it to them, very satisfactory. The data is as follows: Zero (0), Four (4), Eleven (11), Ten
(10), and Five (5), sadly Four of the respondents did not like the outcome of their disputes.
And of course, in settling disputes, one must adhere to the law and must use the law to
settle disputes. In the municipality of San Marcelino, the next set of Data shows that they are
fairly used but in average very satisfactory for the population, with an average of 3.4, with the
data as follows: Zero (0), Five (5), Ten (10), Thirteen (13), and Two (2); the Majority being
fairly satisfied. And the last set of Data shows whether the municipality announces security
threats such as criminals in the area, or crime that is common in some time. With an average of
3.466 the sample is very satisfied. With many of the respondents being fairly satisfied with the
service, the Data is as follows: Zero (0), Six (6), Eight (8), Twelve (12), and Four (4).
SERVICE FREQUENCY AVERAGE DESCRPTION

S
5 4 3 2 1
I1 4 13 12 1 0 3.66666666 VERY SATISFACTORY
7
7
3
7
7
INFRASTRUCTURE
TABLE 2.19
2.19 INFRASTRUCTURE
The respondents of the residents in San Marcelino have answered according to the rules
and conditions of the public infrastructures, where be it by constant maintenance, reliability, and
satisfying the public’s needs. The overall average of the service of the infrastructure of the local
government units in the municipality would be 3.6, which would be correspondent with the
rating of “very satisfactory” based on the ratings, and while observing the table, the respondents
seem to have considered the ratings that are more favorable than the rest, which would be
numbers Three (3), Four (4), and Five (5). The table above, like the table above and below them,
also have only One (1) response to present being very dissatisfied with the infrastructure of the
local government units in San Marcelino.
The first service of infrastructure or the “Ensures durability of infrastructures” has
gathered an average of 3.666, which is equivalent to the rate of “very satisfactory,” based on the
ratings and evaluations of the respondents stated on the table above. The second service of
infrastructure, namely “Conducts consultations regarding infrastructures projects affecting
private properties,” have also resulted to being very satisfactory due to the average of
3.366666667. the third service viewed “Conducts necessary infrastructures for development,”
with an average of 3.633333333, has been very satisfactory. For an even more credible
interpretation for the table above, in September 2019, a Congressman Jeffrey D. Khonghun
submitted an act regarding the appropriation of sending funds for the development and operation
of the infrastructures as well as the approvement of the national budget to implement the
programs and projects for the development of the infrastructures in Zambales.
The fourth service, “Builds farm to market roads,” with Twenty (20) respondents
evaluating San Marcelino as “satisfactory” and “outstanding” on even numbers, has an average
of 3.8, has been deemed as very satisfactory to the respondents living in San Marcelino. The fifth
service being that the local government unit “takes into consideration requested infrastructures,”
having Seventeen (17) respondents answering “very satisfactory” in such a kind of question,
proves to be worth the average of 3.866, and is then rated as “very satisfactory”. The sixth
service, being that “guarantees property and personal rights in building and constructing
infrastructures,” has also come off as being very satisfactory with an average of 3.566. Last, for
the seventh services, being the local government units “Informs constituents regarding budget on
infrastructure,” has Eighteen (18) respondents that are divided between “satisfactory” and “very
satisfactory,” which then resulted with an average of 3.3, and a rating “very satisfied.”
SOCIAL ACTION
5 4 3 2 1 VERY SATISFACTORY
S1 3 15 11 1 0 3.66666666 VERY SATISFACTORY
7
3
3
2
TABLE 2.20
2.20 SOCIAL ACTION
The data placed above represents the social actions done by the local government units in
San Marcelino as stated by the Thirty (30) respondents living in San Marcelino. Amongst the
Thirty (30) respondents that answered the survey, the results have stated to be rather very
satisfactory, with the average of 3.561. Social actions, as stated by the Department for Culture &
Sport, is the people coming together to tackle an issue, support other people, or improve their
local area. It involves people giving their time and other resources for the common good, in a
range of forms – from volunteering to community-owned services, and peer networks to
community organizing, which would be complimentary to the local government units in San
Marcelino. By the observation of the data above, some of the respondents answered favorably on
the numbers Three (3), means a “satisfactory” rating as evaluated by the respondents, and Four
(4), which correlates with “very satisfactory” in the survey. In this case with the table above, it is
observed that there are Zero (0) respondents that have reacted in a very dissatisfied manner.
The service One (1), namely “Ensures that no one is deprived of their rights” of the social
action sector has collected an average of 3.666, which would be rated as “very satisfactory”, as
evaluated by the respondents. This could mean that the respondents don’t feel deprived of their
rights and are able to follow through with the instructions for safety made by the local
government units. In fact, there is a Republic Act RA11517 enacted on December 23rd of 2020
about the expedite to the President regarding the national and local permits, license, and
certifications in times of emergency, especially since there is a pandemic happening and there
are people who want to be with their loved ones to be able to take care of them in this situation.
The service Two (2), namely “Encourages non-government organizations in providing services
to underprivileged communities” of the social action sector has also rated as “very satisfactory”
with an average of 3.733. Service Three (3), “Monitors the performance of educational
institutions” has been counted as “very satisfactory” with an average of 3.633 as evaluated by the
respondents. As we look over service Three (3), it is observed that the highest number of choose
the number Four (4), which is the number used to rate the local government unit as very
satisfactory, which can be a factor as to why it has resulted with an average of 3.633, and a “very
satisfactory” as a rating to service three (3).
At service Four (4) as well as service Six (6), in which the local government unit
“observes equal distribution of social goods”, and “guarantees the rights of the privileged
according to existing laws and policies,” have both resulted with an average of 3.6 as well a very
satisfactory rate. Congressmen Jeffrey Khonghun especially helps the people as well as the
respondents in San Marcelino when it comes to providing water as well as implementing the use
of the hashtags “BISErbisyong Pagtulong” and “Batang Zambales” to further help and provide
for the people as well as the respondents in San Marcelino. Service Five (5), which states that the
local government units “satisfies the needs of the community,” have resulted with a very
satisfactory rate, and an average of 3.3. Lastly, service Seven (7), namely “Makes budgets and
grants open to public,” have also been rated “very satisfactory” with an average of 3.4.
TOTAL AVERAGE OF ALL MUNICIPALITIES

Municipality Total Average per Corresponding
Municipality
Olongapo City 3.558095238 Very Satisfactory
Subic 3.413352099 Very Satisfactory
Castillejos 3.42505278 Very Satisfactory
San Marcelino 3.540952381 Very Satisfactory
Table 2. 21
The data shows the different averages hat each municipalities garner. By the given figures
above the researchers can identify what municipality has been able to satisfy most of its
constituents even though all of the LGUs have a “Very Satisfactory” scales yet it is imperative to
give an acknowledgement to whom municipality is the best in terms of doing their job for the
people.
The table shows that the City of Olongapo as the one who got the highest Average unlike
the others gathering a 3.558 average which corresponds to an “Very Satisfactory” delivery of
each services to their constituents. A prime example why Olongapo is the best in the First
District is that DILG Ilocos Sur benchmarks Olongapo City’s best practices on DRRM.
Benchmarking requires governments to make sure that all government programs are as effective
as possible. This can only be achieved by comparing, contrasting and learning from the best
practices of other governments and sectors, say business. ‘Maximizing value’, on the other hand,
is at the heart of competitive government. It consists of identifying, assessing, and delivering
services where they can best add or leverage the most value to their countries (Prior 2015). And
the best service at Olongapo is the “Peace and Order” garnering a total average of 3.723 while
the lowest and the one who needs improvement is the “Social Action” able to amass a total
average of 3.419.
The next highest is the Municipality of San Marcelino having a total average of 3.540
which means they have a “Very Satisfactory” service. The researchers would like to recognize
that in terms of “Infrastructure” the municipality is the highest if Olongapo will be excluded
this soar of infrastructure projects in San Marcelino can be contributed to the Assistance to
Municipalities (AM) Program (formerly Assistance to Disadvantaged Municipalities) is a
funding-support program of the DILG which grants financial subsidy to municipalities in the
delivery of basic services for the implementation of their priority programs and projects.
While the municipality of Castillejos accumulate an average of 3.425 that stands for a
“Very Satisfactory” service. It is the second lowest and the municipality on whom services in
two sectors mainly “Infrastructure” and “Social Action” able to have a “Satisfactory” rating
which the researchers considers the lowest in this paper as mostly all services get a “Very
Satisfactory” service.
The last municipality that has the lowest average is Subic whom collected a total of 3.413
but it is still a “Vert Satisfactory” rating. Also two (2) of the sectors of services which is
“Education” and “Infrastructure” is the lowest among all the five (5) services. The researcher’s
link that poor performance may cause of the dynasty in the municipality. Subic is the bailiwick
of the Khonghuns as the father Congressman Jeffrey Khonghun and his son the Mayor Jon
Khonghun both serve in the First District while Jay Khonghun the former Mayor and currently
Vice Governor of Zambales. In the study of Mendiza (2012) he concluded that the most
troubling – and this is the main link to the income inequality side – political dynasties in the
Philippines are located in regions with relatively higher poverty levels (about five percentage
points higher poverty incidence compared to districts with non-dynastic legislator incumbents).
But in overall the first district is able to deliver a “Very Satisfactory” performance in whole
sector of services.

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CHAPTER 3

provided by the municipality.

programs” very well.

While in the service two (2) or “Involves stakeholders in formulation of policies

“Very Satisfactory” is the received rating of service 4 or “Ensures that education is

education accessible to all.”

The least average was congregated by service 5 or “Entertains grievances and

The sixth service or “Observes fair and impartial enforcement of educational

in the execution and implementation of the budget.

HEALTH AND SANITATION

The municipality’s Health and Sanitation is rated based on the constituent’s

The first service or “Ensures the health of constituents as well as a sanitized

environment” accumulated an average of 3.6 which correspond a “Very Satisfactory” which

answered four (4) or “Very Satisfactory”.

Organization’s (WHO) definition of health, as expressed its constitution, as “A state of

infirmity” (WHO, 2018).

There is also a “Very Satisfactory” on the fifth service or “Provides medical

be the lowest in the table.

highest service accumulated in this area.

satisfied and gave poor answers to specific services.

PEACE AND ORDER

1.3 Peace and Order

average which corresponds to “Very Satisfactory”

phenomenon that people are experiencing.

execution of their LGU.

The municipality accumulated an average of 3.76 for sixth service or “Applied

respondent answered one (1).

services given by the municipality of Olongapo City.

growth, and accommodate the mobility of society in general. In an archipelagic configuration

country growth and poverty reduction studies (Supangco, 2014).

local private sector.

The first service which is “Ensures durability of infrastructures” gather an average of

While the second service “Conducts consultations regarding infrastructure projects

delivery of the said service.

applicable somehow to a city as there are no farms in the area of Olongapo.

nine (9) of them answers number three (3).

them answers number two (2).

1.5 SOCIAL ACTION

According to their experience from their municipality, thirty (30) respondents of

Municipality of Olongapo City accumulated a total average of 3.252 which equivalent to

Olongapo City executes it in an exceptional manner.

nongovernment organizations in providing services to underprivileged communities” Where

which corresponds to “Very Satisfied”. Olongapo City is bountiful in livelihood programs

services to our community (Project Life Subic, 2017).

which indicates that the service is “Poor”.

respondents answered three (3) or satisfied.

effectiveness and efficiency (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

Municipality of Olongapo City need a lot of improvements. Additionally, despite of having

when it comes to Involving stakeholders in “formulation of policies affecting the educational

respondents scored unsatisfactory scores.

SERVICES FREQUENCY AVERAGE DESCRIPTION

satisfactory”. Subic LGU’s score on “Observance of environmental laws” is 3.44 equivalent to

PEACE AND ORDER

Municipality of Subic gathered a total average of 3.566 which corresponds to a “Very

executes it in an exceptional manner.

also the service that has the lowest average.

3 which indicate that the service is only satisfied.

communities. It functions as the primary planning and implementing unit of government

functions as mandated by law (Cuya-Antonio & Antonio, 2017).

to existing legal protocols of the law particularly the requirements of institutionalized

in hopes that it be reconciled.

decentralization framework, its implementation encounters certain hindrances that need to be