Steam

Turbines

Submitted by: Ulep, Ralph Nicholai A.

Course, Year and Section: BSME 3-1
Submitted to: Engr. Dennis Dale Fanoga
1. What is a steam turbine?
 A Steam Turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam and transforms it into mechanical work.
(Student Energy)
2. What are the types of steam turbines?
 Condensing Turbine
 The condensing turbine is able to use the total energy of the inlet steam
flow to a maximum extent. Therefore, this type of turbine is used for
power utilities that want to supply electricity to consumers as much as
possible. (Ohji M. Haraguchi, 2017)
 Pass-Out Condensing Turbine
 The most common type for total generation schemes since, within limits,
electrical output can be adjusted by altering the proportion of steam
passing to the condenser; steam demand in excess of turbine pass-out
capacity can be provided through a reducing valve and desuperheater
bypassing the turbine. (The Efficient use of Energy 2nd Edition, 1982)
 Back Pressure Turbine
 Are inexpensive, thermally efficient and compact, and usually the most
economical proposition for partial generation schemes; but inflexible.
(The Efficient use of Energy 2nd Edition, 1982)
3. What is that a steam turbine is called prime the mover of a power plant?
 Steam turbines extract power from steam as it passes from high-pressure and
high-temperature conditions at the inlet to low-pressure and low-temperature
conditions at the outlet. (Membranes for Industrial Wastewater Recovery and Re-
use, 2003)
4. Compare and contrast the different types of turbines.
 Impulse Turbines
 If the turbine wheel is driven by the kinetic energy of the fluid that strikes
the turbine blades through the nozzle or otherwise, the turbine is known as
an impulse turbine. In these types of turbines, a set of rotating machinery
operates at atmospheric pressure. (Linquip Team)
 Reaction Turbines
 If the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy of water which are due to
the pressure and velocity, respectively cause the turbine blades to rotate,
the turbine is classified as a reaction turbine. In these types of turbines, the
entire turbine is immersed in water and changes in water pressure along
with the kinetic energy of the water cause power exchange. (Linquip
Team)
5. Give the different parts of a steam turbine and explain their functions.
 Rotor
 Carries the blading to convert the thermal energy of the steam into the
rotary motion of the shaft. ()
  Casing
 inside of which the rotor turns, that serves as a pressure vessel for
containing the steam (it also accommodates fixed nozzle passages or stator
vanes through which the steam is accelerated before being directed against
and through the rotor blading). (Britannica)
 Speed-Regulating Mechanism
 This invention relates to a speed regulating mechanism or governor for
spring powered motors such as motors utilized to operate toy vehicles and
the like. (P. K. Duncan, 1955)
 Support System
 Includes the lubrication system for the bearings that support the rotor and
also absorb any end thrust developed. (Britannica)
6. Explain the importance of the governor and trip mechanism in the operation of a
turbine.
 Governor
 A steam turbine governor is a component of the turbine control system
that regulates rotational speed in response to changing load conditions.
The governor output signal manipulates the position of a steam inlet valve
or nozzles which in turn regulates the steam flow to the turbine.
(Petrotech, 2017)
 Trip Mechanism
 The turbine trip signal initiates fast closure of all steam inlet valves (e.g.
turbine stop valves – TSVs) to block steam flow through the turbine. In a
turbine trip event, a malfunction of a turbine or reactor system causes the
turbine to trip off the line by abruptly stopping steam flow to the turbine.
(Nuclear Power, 2021)
7. What is the purpose of reheating steam in a turbine system?
 The main purpose of reheating is to avoid excess moisture in steam at the end of
expansion to protect the turbine. (Vijay Raghavan, 2012)
8. How does enthalpy effect the work of a turbine? Explain the effect of back pressure
in a turbine system?
 Low enthalpy drop means high mass flow and high volumetric flow,
which makes the turbine design stage easier (larger relative blade height).
(Small and Micro Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Systems, 2011)
 High backpressure in a condensing turbine means poor vacuum and a loss
of power. Poor vacuum could be a number of things, but seawater/raw
water flow rate and temperature are the most probable cause, along with
fouled tubes. (Stephen Carey, 2018)
9. Explain the stages of energy conversion of the kinetic energy of the steam in performing
turbine work.

 Steam Turbine — Conversions — Student Energy

Types of Steam Turbine - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Steam Turbines - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Types of Turbines: Classifications and Types | Linquip

turbine | Britannica

What Is the Function of a Governor in a Steam Turbine? (petrotechinc.com)

Turbine Trip | Definition & Characteristics | nuclear-power.com

How does the reheat cycle improve the efficiency of the simple Rankine cycle? (researchgate.net)

Enthalpy Drop - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

(4) What are the effect if high back pressure in steam turbine? - Quora