Tutorial Set–7

Q–1. The following voltage waveforms (as a function of time) in Figure 1 are fed to 2-input AND,
OR, NAND, NOR, and XOR gates. For each case, draw the output voltage on the same
time-scale (high voltage indicates logic 1 and low indicates logic 0).

Input 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 (time)

Input 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 (time)
Figure 1: Waveforms for Q–1.

Q–2. A logic circuit is made using a NAND gate, and a NOT gate, as shown in Figure 2. The
NAND gate works perfectly, but the NOT gate has a delay of 6 time units. This means that,
every time there is a change at the input of the NOT gate, its output takes 6 time units to
reflect the change. If an input (as a function of time) as shown in Figure 2 is applied to the
circuit, then:

(a) Prove that, this circuit is a positive-slope detector.

(b) For the same input, what should you replace the NAND gate with, so that this circuit
now becomes a negative-slope detector?
(c) For the same input, what should you replace the NAND gate with, so that this circuit
now becomes both positive- and negative-slope detector?

0 20 y
6

Figure 2: Waveforms for Q–2.

Q–3. Give a Boolean logic function for each of the following real life scenarios. Thereafter, draw
the equivalent logic functions. You need not simplify these functions.

(a) My boss will give me a salary increment when I do any two of these tasks– come to the
office by 0900h, arrange his files for him in the morning, and schedule all his meetings
for the day.
(b) A multinational company has 100 shares, which are divided and held by four sharehold-
ers: A, B, C, and D. A has 40 shares, B has 30, C has 20, and D has the remaining
shares. In a joint shareholders’ meeting, a two-thirds majority is required to pass a
company resolution, based on the number of shares favouring a YES.
(c) Using the variables NERD, COOL, AWAKE, and STUDY, derive a Boolean expression
that is ‘1’ for the cool students who sleep without studying anything, and for nerdy
students who study all the time.

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Q–4. Simplify the following Boolean expressions using the theorems that you have learned. Here
A, B, C, and D are Boolean variables.

(a) A B C + A B C + A B C + A B C + A B C + A B C + A B C
(b) A(A + B + C)(A + B + C)(A + B + C)(A + B + C)
(c) (A + B + C)(A + B + C)(A + B + C)(A + B + C)
(d) A + A B + B C D + B D

Q–5. Convert the following decimal base numbers into equivalent binary and octal.

(a) 28 (b) 384 (c) 167 (d) 249

Q–6. Convert the following binary numbers into decimal, octal, and hexadecimal equivalents:

(a) 10110010 (b) 11110110 (c) 100010010111 (d) 101010110001

Q–7. Convert the following numbers in their respective bases to decimal:

(a) (237)8 (b) (B056)16 (c) (133)5 (d) (327)9

Q–8. Convert the following numbers in their respective bases to binary:

(a) (342)8 (b) (F 37)16 (c) (1543)6 (d) (132)4

Q–9. Do the following arithmetic using the one’s and two’s complement techniques in binary (con-
vert wherever needed).

(a) 101100102 − 101000012 (c) (336)8 − (244)8

(b) 36510 − 21910 (d) (121)3 − (20)3

Thereafter, convert these numbers to decimal and do the same operation using nine’s and
ten’s complement techniques.

Q–10. A computing device has a number of storage elements inside it, whose numbering starts
from zero. If the numbering of the last element in hexadecimal base is 7FFF, then how many
storage elements does the device contain?

Q–11. Consider the following logic function expressed using Boolean variables.

y = A.B + B.C + C.A

(a) Draw the circuit realization of this function using AOI (AND, OR, NOT) gates.
(b) Draw the circuit realization of this function using NAND gates only.

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Q–12. For the circuit shown in Figure 3 having a single input x and XOR gates, calculate the
output y.

x
y

Figure 3: Circuit for Q–12.

Q–13. What are the logical operations being performed by the circuits in Figure 4?

A A
y y
B B

Figure 4: Circuits for Q–13.

Q–14. As you grow older, you will see that the hexadecimal number system is quite useful in your
social life. For example, when my father became a certain age, he would tell his age to others
in the hexadecimal system! He would say, ‘Hey, I’m only 28 years old!’ (the hexadecimal
base was whispered under his breath, of course!). What was his actual age, that he did not
want to reveal?

Q–15. You are given two switches, a 5 V battery, and a lamp. Using only these resources, draw
a circuit equivalent of (i) 2-input NAND logic and (ii) 2-input NOR logic. Assume that a
CLOSED switch indicates input logic ‘1’ and lamp ON indicates output logic ‘1’. Assume
that the battery can source any amount of current.

Q–16. Can the circuit shown in Figure 5 be redesigned using lesser number of gates?
A

B
y

Figure 5: Circuit for Q–16.