MGT 201: PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMNT

OPEN BOOK EXAM

ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS

ADM: 20s01aps001
NAME: Wanyoike Sharon

Question One
There are generally four approaches (schools of thought) to management. Describe these schools
briefly.
(10 marks)
School of thought comprise of a number of writers, thinkers, and practitioners who follow same
working method
a) Science management school of thought
The oldest its father was Fredrick Winslow Taylor. Formed 1865-1915
He developed 4 principles
i) Scientific study of task and develop the best method for performing the task
ii)Careful selection of and training workers
iii) Management of fully cooperate workers
iv)Division of responsibilities

b) Classical theory of management

Contributors were Henry Fayol (1841-1925) and max webbner
It had 4 functions
Planning
Organizing
Command
Coordination and control
c) Behavior human theory of management
 Deals with human relation at work place and human resources
c) System theory
How inputs gets transferred in the organization to outputs

Question Two
Research shows that spiritual organizations tend to have five cultural characteristics. Discuss
these characteristics. (10 marks)
a)Strong sense of purpose
members know the reason for the existence of the organization and
goal to be archieved
b)Focus on individual development
Spiritual Organization treats its members like part of the nurturing and
growth that happens within organization
c)Trust and openness
Work done in the organization is open for everyone to see to avoid
conflicts as a result of member being left out of the work
d)Employee empowerment
Spiritual organization have the democratic leadership skill where members
are able to make decision concerning the organization
e) Tolerance of employees
Encourages understanding of each other and ability to express
themselves with no judgement

Question Three
Expound on hurdles faced by women in pursuit of management careers. (10 marks)

Question Four
The level of employees’ motivation in the workplace is determined and influenced by several
basic factors. Citing relevant factors, discuss this statement. (10 marks)
There are several levels of employee motivation
a) Individual is motivated from within this is the intrinsic motivation
They may be motivates because it makes a different
b) Individual is motivated from external forces
As an employer they may tell the employees what to do.

For the employee motivation to be effective several factors must be put into considerations
a)Salary
A workers pay must be equivalent or more to the work they carry out failure to do so
employees became demotivated as they do not have the capacity to carry on
b) Personal life
Employee personal life should looked into to ensure adequate health as they carry
on. This is mostly done to employees who work in a harmful site e.g manufacture of gases. If
this is not carried out it leads to rebellion and resignation when one of the fellow employee
succumb to the situation of unhealthiness.

c) Learning

Work places should provide learning opportunity to its employees. It may organize workshops
and seminars for that. This helps even the organization to improve its output

d) Relationships

Relationships in the organization are a vital issue. Relationship between fellow employees or
between employer need to be taken into careful consideration. To ensure effective motivation
good relationships must be practiced

e) Incentives

Incentives are non monetary or monetary addition to workers example: salary increment ,
company house and others.

From the above examples if the above are put into action motivation of employees intrinsic.