0 Drrcca-Enhanced PDPFP 2020-2028

DRR/CCA-ENHANCED
PROVINCIAL DEVELOPMENT
AND PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK
PLAN 2020-2028
Province of South Cotabato
2019
THE DRR/CCA-ENHANCED PDPFP TECHNICAL PLANNING
TEAM
PROJECT DIRECTOR JENNIFER C. BRETAÑA, ENP, MSRDP, MPA
Provincial Planning and Development Coordinator
EMMANUEL B. JUMILLA
OIC/Assistant Provincial Planning and Development Coordinator
TECHNICAL REVIEW/ ATTY. RHONALYN C. GALLEGO, CAO / APPDC-Designate

SUPERVISING EUGENE I. TUMILAP, ENP, Planning Officer IV
DIRECTORS EVELYN H. FANTILANAN, ENP, MTRM, MPA, Planning Officer III
DRA TECHNICAL DIRECTORS EVELYN H. FANTILANAN, ENP, MTRM, MPA, Planning Officer III
ARIEL R. BUENAVIDES, ENP, MTRM, Planning Officer II
RIO ANN T. PADRONES, Administrative Aide IV
CCVA TECHNICAL DIRECTOR EVELYN H. FANTILANAN, ENP, MTRM, MPA, Planning Officer III
LAND USE AND JENNIFER C. BRETAÑA, ENP, MSRDP, MPA, PPDC

PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK ENGR. BERNADETH L. NAVAL, ENP, Planning Officer II
DIRECTORS
SECTORAL
TECHNICAL COORDINATORS
Social Development EVELYN H. FANTILANAN, ENP, MTRM, MPA, Planning Officer III
Technical Infrastructure Development ENGR. BERNADETH L. NAVAL, ENP, Planning Officer II
Environment and Natural Resource ARIEL R. BUENAVIDES, ENP, MTRM, Planning Officer II
Management / DRRCCA
Economic Development JENNIFER D. MISAEN-GARRINO, ENP, MPA, Economist II
Population and Settlements Development RIO ANN T. PADRONES, Administrative Aide IV
GIS SPECIALISTS WENNIE C. MONTINO, MTRM, Planning Officer I

HONEYLETE B. BATISANAN, Draftsman II
GRAPHIC ARTISTS HONEYLETE B. BATISANAN, Draftsman II

RIO ANN T. PADRONES, Administrative Aide IV
LAYOUT ARTIST & TYPESETTER RIO ANN T. PADRONES, Administrative Aide IV
ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT DELIA B. BASTARECHE, Statistician I

ANALEE B. SANTOS, Statistician I
WENNIE C. MONTINO, MTRM, Planning Officer I
MELINDA A. DELEGIRO, Draftsman II
HONEYLETE B. BATISANAN, Draftsman II
ANGELIE FAITH B. OJARLIZA, Program Coordinator
RYAH J. LUMASAG, Program Assistant
COORDINATING PARTNERS NATIONAL LINE AGENCIES, PROVINCIAL DISASTER RISK

REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT OFFICE, OTHER PROVINCIAL
DEPARTMENTS, PPDO-PROJECT MONITORING AND EVALUATION
DIVISION, PROVINCIAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL, PDC-
SECTORAL COMMITTEES, NGOs/CSOs/POs,
PROJECT TECHNICAL PARTNERS NEDA XII, PHIVOLCS

FOREWORD
The Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation – Enhanced Provincial Development and
Physical Framework Plan (PDPFP) 2020-2028 is formulated to serve as the province’s blueprint to achieve its
VISION of “A Caring, Resilient, Ecologically Balanced, Highly Responsive, Functionally Integrated and
Equitably Growing Agro-Industrial and Tourism Hub by 2028. As first step in achieving the vision, the province
perspective is aligned with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 17, “Partnerships for the Goals” in which the
province continuously strengthens its partnership with the private sector in achieving other SDGs particularly
the No Poverty Goal (SDG 1). The PDPFP is also aligned with the Regional Physical Framework Plan where
the province will focus on agro-industrial and tourism development.
The plan is also anchored on Ambisyon 2040 of the national government that by 2040 the Philippines is a
prosperous middle-class society where no one is poor or no one is left behind since most of the policy options
and interventions in the PDPFP will result to poverty reduction as its ultimate end.
Guided by the overarching principle, the formulation of the 2020-2028 PDPFP of South Cotabato adopts
the Guidelines on Provincial/Local Planning and Expenditure Management (PLPEM) Volume 2 by the National
Economic Development Authority (NEDA) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The PLPEM Guidelines
on PDPFP formulation provide an integrated framework that combines the sectoral development plan
previously referred to as the Provincial Development Plan, and the physical/spatial plan previously referred to
as the Provincial Physical Framework Plan (PPFP) into one integrated planning document, the PDPFP.
The analytical approach employed in this plan formulation as proposed by the PLPEM Guidelines views
population, economic activity and physical resources as the drivers of development, hence, the core elements
of the planning environment. Meanwhile, income and employment, extent of poverty, access to services, and
land use are viewed as symptoms or indicators of development resulting from the interplay between and among
the drivers of development.
Further, the PDPFP seeks to reduce vulnerabilities of communities to natural and human-induced disaster
risks by strengthening adaptive capacities while reducing exposure and sensitivity of communities to hazards.
Hence, DRR/CCA measures and strategies are mainstreamed in the plan, particularly by considering
DRR/CCA as a separate sector both under the Planning Environment and the Development and Physical
Framework Plan. Further, analysis of the exposure of existing land uses to hydro-meteorological and geologic
hazards serves as an important parameter in mapping out the preferred spatial development framework and
proposed land uses.
The plan is organized into five (5) Chapters:

Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: The Planning Environment
Chapter 3: Vision and Mission
Chapter 4: The Physical Framework and Land Use Plan
Chapter 5: Sectoral Development Plans
i
Republic of the Philippines
OFFICE OF THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR
__________________________________________________________________________________
MESSAGE OF THE GOVERNOR
The Provincial Development and Physical Framework

Plan (PDPFP) of South Cotabato is a planning document
that combines the traditionally separate Provincial
Physical Framework Plan (PPFP) and the Provincial
Development Plan (PDP). This shall serve as the
roadmap of the province in terms of its spatial and
sectoral development from 2020-2028. It links the
development thrusts of the province, which is
Sustainable Integrated Rural-Urban Development
(SIRUD), to the regional and national priorities.
The constituents of the province are truly blessed and privileged to have this comprehensive
development plan in the same way I am inspired and encouraged to stay true to the promises
I have made with my people by translating all the programs and projects into action.
With this development, I, together with the other elected officials of the province are
challenged to deliver excellent performance of our duties and responsibilities to the people
who have granted us the honor of steering them towards the realization of their personal
dreams, the promise of a brighter and secure future for their children.
I would like to extend my warmest congratulations to the members of the Provincial

Development Council and its sectoral committees, partner National Government Agencies,
the NGOs/CSOs, the PPDO Planning Team, and other stakeholders for their hard work and
cooperation in coming up a proactive plan. I will ensure that all the goals set by this
administration - to alleviate poverty, to improve the standards of basic education, and for
everyone to have access to free public health services will be of utmost priority.
South Cotabato, Angat Ka Sa Lahat!
REYNALDO S. TAMAYO, JR.

Provincial Governor
ii
Republic of the Philippines
OFFICE OF THE PROVINCIAL VICE GOVERNOR
__________________________________________________________________________
MESSAGE OF THE VICE GOVERNOR
The Provincial Development and Physical Framework

Plan (PDPFP) is a document that articulates the
aspirations of the provincial leadership and the
province’s citizenry. Embodied in the plan is the
framework of development, which the provincial
government will pursue within the next 9 years.
Therefore, the PDPFP serves as the blueprint of the
development of South Cotabato.
As Vice Governor, I am equally proud, together with the

members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of this
planning document, which is a product of participatory
governance. Our continued collaboration and synergy bear witness to the realization of every
South Cotabateños aspiration of a caring, resilient, ecologically-balanced, highly responsive,
functionally-integrated and equitably growing agro-industrial and tourism hub by 2028.
The plan is comprehensive enough that it already integrated policies and programs to address
pandemic such as the COVID-19. Whereas, the disaster risk reduction / climate change
adaptation strategies and policies are also mainstreamed in order for South Cotabeteños to
strengthen their adaptive capacities and to reduce vulnerabilities of the people to natural
disaster risks. Hence, the plan will help the province to move forward to its proper direction.
The welfare of the people is the number one priority.
I commend the agencies behind the formulation of this plan headed by the National Economic
and Development Authority (NEDA) XII and the Provincial Development Council (PDC) thru
the Provincial Planning and Development Office (PPDO), and other stakeholders. The attempt
to make the province become more progressive will soon be realized.
Mabuhay, South Cotabato!
VICENTE R. DE JESUS
Provincial Vice Governor
iii
MESSAGE OF THE REGIONAL DIRECTOR
My Warmest greetings!
Republic Act 9729, otherwise known as the Climate Change Act

of 2009, as amended by Republic Act 10174, and Republic Act
10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010 mandates the local government units
(LGUs) to take proactive measures and prepare their
constituents for any disasters.
We are pleased to inform the South Cotabateños that the updating of the Provincial
Development and Physical Framework Plan (PDPFP) 2020-2028 has finally been completed. The
said plan shall become the basis for updating the comprehensive land use plans (CLUPs) and
development plans (CDPs) of the component city and municipalities of the Province. The
updated plan ensures that the land and water resources of South Cotabato are utilized and
managed according to its carrying capacity. Likewise, the plan provides guidance regarding the
introduction of future developments- that it shall reduce the exposure to hazards and improve
the resiliency of the communities.
The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) XII and the provincial government
of South Cotabato have forged a strong partnership in the preparation of this plan. Our
collaboration has been strengthened through time as we engaged in numerous efforts to ensure
the sustainable and responsive development of Region XII. NEDA XII continues to be strongly
committed to support the provincial government of South in its ways forward to plan
implementation.
Finally, with this document in place, we strongly encourage the constituent local government
units and adjacent government entities to utilize and incorporate the South Cotabato PDPFP
2020-2028 in updating the irrespective land use plans to ensure synergy, sound planning and
policy making, towards the sustainable management of our region’s resources.
Congratulations to the Provincial Government of South Cotabato!

Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam!
TERESITA SOCORRO C. RAMOS

Regional Director
iv
DHSUD CERTIFICATE
v
SP RESOLUTION
vi
SP RESOLUTION
RLUC XII RESOLUTION
vii
RLUC RESOLUTION
viii
ix
PDC RESOLUTION
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword…………………………………………………………………………………………….i
Message of the Governor…………………….…………………………………………………..ii
Message of the Vice Governor………………………………………………………………….iii
Message of the NEDA Regional Director……………………………………………………..iv
DHSUD Certificate………………………………..……………………………………..…....…...v
SP Resolution…………………………….…………………………………………..…….……. vi
RLUC XII Resolution…………………….…………………………………………...………….viii
PDC Resolution………………………………………….………………………………….……..x
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………..…...…..xi
List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………………..…xiv
List of Figures…………………………………………………………………..…………...….xxiv
List of Maps………………………………………………………………………………..…..xxviii
Acronyms and Abbreviations………………………………………………………………..xxxi
Executive Summary…………………………………………………………….……………..xxxv
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Plan Objectives and Context 1-5
1.2 Coverage of the Plan 1-6
1.3 Structure of the Plan 1-7
Chapter 2: The Planning Environment

2.1 Location, Land Area and Political Subdivision
2.1.1 Location and Boundaries 2-1
2.1.2 Land Area 2-1
2.1.3 Political Subdivision 2-1
2.2 Bio-physical Characteristics and Resources
2.2.1 Topography 2-5
2.2.2 Slope 2-5
2.2.3 Elevation 2-6
2.2.4 Surface Water Resources 2-6
2.2.5 Groundwater Resources 2-8
2.2.6 Geologic Features 2-8
2.3 Population and Settlements
2.3.1 Population 2-11
2.3.2 Existing Settlement Pattern 2-25
2.4 Economy
2.4.1 Economic Structure 2-29
2.4.2 Trade, Industry and Investment 2-41
2.4.3 Tourism 2-47
2.4.4 Agriculture and Fishery 2-53
2.4.5 Agrarian Reform 2-71
2.4.6 Cooperative Development 2-72
2.5 Social Development
2.5.1 Income, Employment and Poverty 2-74
xi
2.5.2 Gender-responsive Access to Social Services 2-84
2.5.2.1 Health 2-84
2.5.2.2 Nutrition 2-103
2.5.2.3 Sanitation 2-106
2.5.2.4 Social Welfare and Development 2-109
2.5.2.5 Education 2-125
2.5.2.6 Housing 2-150
2.5.2.7 Protective Services 2-158
2.5.2.8 Culture and Arts Development 2-169
2.6 Technical Infrastructure Development
2.6.1. Transportation, Access and Circulation 2-177
2.6.2 Flood Control and Drainage Facilities 2-189
2.6.3 Water 2-190
2.6.4 Power 2-196
2.6.5 Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Infrastructure 2-202
2.7 Natural Resources and Environment Management
2.7.1 Watersheds, Protected Areas and Wildlife 2-207
2.7.2 Urban Environment Management and Pollution Control 2-226
2.7.3 Quarry and Mining Resource Management and Development 2-237
2.8 Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation
2.8.1 Climate Profile 2-246
2.8.2 Climate Change Projections 2-250
2.8.3 Hazard Profile 2-254
2.8.4 Climate Change-related Hazards 2-273
2.8.5 Historical Disaster Profile 2-277
2.8.6 Summary of Hazards in South Cotabato 2-304
2.8.7 Climate Change Vulnerability: Threats and Potential Impacts 2-306
2.8.8 Evacuation Centers in South Cotabato 2-308
2.8.9 Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment 2-309
2.8.10 Summary Result of the Provincial Self-Assessment on Disaster Risk
and Climate Change Resiliency and Institutional Capacity vis-a-vis the
Mandates of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 - 2-334
2030, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act and Climate Change
Act
Chapter 3: Vision and Mission

The Vision and Mission Statements 3-1
Vision Elements and Descriptors 3-1
Localizing the SDGs and Philippine Development Plan: South Cotabato’s Five
Strategic Development Priorities
3-3
Chapter 4: The Physical Framework and Land Use Plan

4.1 Existing Land Use and Physical Framework
4.1.1 Existing Functional Linkages 4-1
4.1.2 Analysis of Existing Land Uses 4-7
4.1.3 Land Use Trends 4-23
4.1.4 Land Use Potentials and Constraints 4-26
xii
4.2 Functional Linkages and Spatial Development Framework
4.2.1 Proposed Functional Roles of the City/Municipalities in Provincial
4-44
Development
4.2.2 Development Thrust: Sustainable Integrated Rural-Urban Development
(SIRUD)
4-45
4.2.3 Spatial Development Strategy 4-49
4.2.4 The Overall Spatial Development Framework 4-51
4.3 Land Use Plan
4.3.1 Land Use Issues and Challenges 4-56
4.3.2 Land Use Strategies and Policy Framework 4-62
4.3.3 Proposed Land Uses 4-65
Chapter 5: Sectoral Development Plans

5.1 Population and Settlements Development Plan
5.1.1 Development Issues and Problems 5-2
5.1.2 Goals Objectives Targets Strategies and PPAs 5-3
5.2 Economic Development Plan
5.2.2 Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs 5-11
Income, Employment, Poverty and Gender-Responsive Access to Social
5.3 Services
5.3.2 Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs 5-33
5.4 Technical Infrastructure Development Plan
5.4.2 Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs 5-68
5.5 Natural Resources and Environment Management Plan
Development Issues and Problems 5-80
Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs 5-82
5.6 Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Plan
Development Issues and Problems 5-87
Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPA 5-88
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
NO. TITLE PAGE
1 Political Subdivision and Land Area, South Cotabato, 2015 xxxv
Total Population, AGPR and Doubling Time by City/Municipality, South
2 xxxvi
Cotabato (2015)
Total Population and Estimated Urban-Rural Population by
3 xxxvii
City/Municipality
Existing Hierarchy of Settlements and Functional Roles of
4 xxxviii
City/Municipalities, 2018
Comparative Poverty Incidence (%) Among Families, South Cotabato,
5 xxxix
2015 and 2018
6 Watershed Areas, South Cotabato and Neighboring Areas xli
7 xliii
Existing Land Use Categories by Area (sq.km.) per City/Municipality,
8 xlv
South Cotabato, 2018
Major Land Use Issues and Corresponding Land Use Strategies and
9 xlix
Policy Framework
Land Use Plan per Land Use Category and Area (sq.km.), by
10 liii
City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2020-2028
Land Area, Number of Barangays and Distance from the Urban Center by
2.1 2-2
City/Municipality, South Cotabato
2.2.1 Land Area by Slope (sq. km.), South Cotabato 2-5
2.2.2 Land Area by Elevation (sq.km.), South Cotabato 2-6
Comparative National, Regional & Provincial Population and Growth
2.3.1 2-12
Rates (2000, 2007, 2010, 2015)
2.3.2 Comparative Total Population and APGR of Region XII by Province 2-12
Comparative Population and AGPR by Province and City, Region XII
2.3.3 2-12
(2000, 2007, 2010, 2015)
Philippines and Region XII Comparative Total Population, APGR and
2.3.4 2-13
Density by Province (2000, 2007, 2010, 2015)
Total Population, AGPR and Doubling Time by City/Municipality, South
2.3.5 2-13
Cotabato (2015)
Total Population, HH Population and Number of HH by City/Municipality
2.3.6 2-14
(2010 and 2015)
2.3.7 Total Population by Age Group, Sex, South Cotabato (2015) 2-16
Total Population and Estimated Urban-Rural Population by
2.3. 8 2-18
City/Municipality
Total Population and Density by Municipality, South Cotabato (2010 and
2.3.9 2-18
2015)
Population Growth Rates of Different Censuses by Municipality, South
2.3.10 2-20
Cotabato
Total Population and Population Projection by City/Municipality, South
2.3.11 2-22
Cotabato (2015-2028)
Household Population by Ethnicity and Sex, South Cotabato (2010
2.3.12 2-23
Census and 2015 Estimates)
Household Population 10 Years Old and Over by Marital Status, Sex, and
2.3.13 2-24
City Municipality, South Cotabato (2015)
Household Population 5 Years Old and Over by Highest Educational
2.3.14 2-24
Attainment and Sex, South Cotabato (2010 and 2015)
xiv
NO. TITLE PAGE
Proposed Hierarchy of Settlements by Functional Roles, South Cotabato,
2.3.15 2-27
2018
Amount of Capitalization for 1st and 2nd Quarter, 2019-2020, South
2.4.1 2-30
Cotabato
Number of Closed Businesses for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020, South
2.4.2 2-31
Cotabato
Number of New Businesses for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020, South
2.4.3 2-32
Cotabato
Number of New Employees (New Businesses) for 1st and 2nd
2.4.4 2-33
Quarter,2019-2020, South Cotabato
Number of Renewed Businesses for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020,
2.4.5 2-34
South Cotabato
Number of Renewed Employees (Renewed Businesses) for 1st and 2nd
2.4.6 2-35
Quarter,2019-2020, South Cotabato)
2.4.7 Gross Sales for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020, South Cotabato 2-36
Food Security Analysis of Cereals, Root Crops, Vegetables Legumes and
2.4.8 2-38
Condiments, South Cotabato
Projected Rice Self-sufficiency for the Months of April-May-June, 2020,
2.4.9 2-39
South Cotabato
2.4.10 Food Security Analysis of Fruits, South Cotabato 2-39
2.4.11 Food Security Analysis of Livestock and Poultry, South Cotabato 2-39
Food Security Analysis of Fish and Other Marine Products, South
2.4.12 2-40
Cotabato
2.4.13 Competitive and Comparative Advantage, South Cotabato, 2019 2-40
Number of New Registered Businesses by City/Municipality, South
2.4.14 2-42
Cotabato, 2013-2017
2.4.15 Number of Manpower by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2015-2017 2-43
2.4.16 New Investments by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2013-2017 2-43
2.4.17 Gross Sales by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2013-2017 2-44
2.4.18 Special Economic Zones (SEZ), South Cotabato, 2017 2-46
Consumer Price Index, Inflation Rate for All Income Households, South
2.4.19 2-47
Cotabato, (2013 – 2017)
2.4.20 Tourist Arrivals, South Cotabato, 2014-2018 2-48
2.4.21 Tourist Arrivals among Major Tourism Sites, South Cotabato, 2015-2018 2-49
2.4.22 Major Tourist Attractions, South Cotabato, 2018 2-49
2.4.23 Festivals and Patronal Fiestas, South Cotabato, 2018 2-53
2.4.24 Major Agricultural Crops, South Cotabato, 2018 2-54
Production and Area Harvested/Planted for Major Crops, South Cotabato,
2.4.25 2-54
2014-2018
Three Year Corn Production and Area Harvested/Planted, South
2.4.26 2-57
Cotabato, 2016–2018
Corn Production, Area Harvested and Area Planted in Hectare, by City/
2.4.27 2-57
Municipality, 2014-2018
Three Year Palay Production and Area Planted/Harvested, South
2.4.28 2-59
Cotabato, 2015–2018
Palay Production (m.t.), Yield (m.t./ha), Area Harvested and Area Planted
2.4.29 2-60
in Hectare, by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2014-2018
2.4.30 Coconut Statistics, South Cotabato, 2014–2018 2-61
xv
NO. TITLE PAGE
Volume of Production (m.t.) of High Value Crops by Province, Region XII,
2.4.31 2-62
2018
Livestock & Poultry Inventory in Heads by Farm Type, South Cotabato,
2.4.32 2-63
2014-2018
2.4.33 Fish Production (m.t.) by Type, South Cotabato, 2013-2018 2-64
2.4.34 Provincial Fishery Profile, South Cotabato, 2015-2018 2-64
Total Irrigated Areas (has.) and Number of Farmers Served, South
2.4.35 2-65
Cotabato, 2014-2018
2.4.36 Irrigation Service Areas by City/ Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018 2-67
NFA Registered Rice Mills by Type and Capacity, by City/Municipality,
2.4.37 2-67
South Cotabato, 2014-2018
Number and Capacity of NFA Registered Post-Harvest Facilities by
2.4.38 2-69
City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2014- 2018
Summary of Registered Certificate of Land Ownership Award (CLOA)
2.4.39 2-71
based on Program Class, South Cotabato, 2014–2018
2.4.40 Total Registered Cooperatives, South Cotabato, 2017-2018 2-72
Total Number of Registered Cooperatives by Category, South Cotabato
2.4.41 2-72
as of 2018
Number of Families, Total and Average Annual Family Income and
2.5.1 2-74
Expenditure, Region XII, 2016
Comparative Poverty Incidence (%) Among Families, Philippines, 2015
2.5.2 2-77
and 2018
Comparative Poverty Incidence (%) Among Families, Region XII, 2015
2.5.3 2-77
and 2018
2.5.4 Poverty Incidence (%) in Region XII, 2015, 2018 2-78
Comparative Poverty Incidence (%) Among Families, South Cotabato,
2.5.5 2-79
2015 and 2018
Comparative Poverty Incidence (%) by City/Municipality, South Cotabato,
2.5.6 2-79
2000, 2003, 2009, 2012, 2015
Annual Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence, South
2.5.7 2-81
Cotabato, 2009, 2012, 2015
Number of Identified Poor and Active Beneficiaries by City/Municipality,
2.5.8 2-83
2017, 2018
2.5.9 Ten Leading Causes of Infant Death in South Cotabato, 2017 2-89
Total Maternal Mortality Rate, By City/Municipality, South Cotabato,
2.5.10 2-91
2016,2017,2018
Top Four (4) Leading Causes of Maternal Deaths in South Cotabato,
2.5.11 2-91
2012-2016, 2017
Top Ten (10) Leading Causes of Mortality (All Ages), South Cotabato,
2.5.12 2-92
2013-2017, 2018
Top Ten (10) Leading Causes of Morbidity (All Ages), South Cotabato,
2.5.13 2-93
2012-2016, 2017
Government Hospitals and Bed Capacity, South Cotabato 2016,
2.5.14 2-94
2017,2018
2.5.15 Private Hospitals and Bed Capacity, South Cotabato, 2016, 2017, 2018 2-94
Public Health Personnel by City/Municipality (Doctors, Nurses, Dentists
2.5.16 2-97
and Med Techs), 2013,2015,2017, 2018
Public Health Personnel (Pharmacists, Midwives, Sanitary Inspectors and
2.5.17 2-97
Dental Aides) by City/Municipality, 2013,2015,2017,2018
xvi
NO. TITLE PAGE
Availability of Government and Private Hospitals per 1,000 Population
2.5.18 2-97
(Bed to Population Ratio), South Cotabato, 2012-2018
2.5.19 Rural Health Units, South Cotabato, 2013-2018 2-98
2.5.20 HIV Cases by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 1984 to 2018 2-100
South Cotabato Nutritional Status of Pre-Schoolers (for 10
2.5.21 2-104
Municipalities), 2012-2018
2.5.22 Barangay Nutrition Scholars (BNS) by City/Municipality, 2012-2018 2-106
Number of Out-of-School Youth (OSY) 15 to 19 y/o and 10 to 14 y/o by
2.5.23 2-111
City/Municipality, 2015
Incidence of Teenage Pregnancy by Age of Mother, South Cotabato,
2.5.24 2-114
2012-2017
Simple Literacy Rates by Sex, SOCCSKSARGEN Region: 2000 and
2.5.25 2-126
2010
Public and Private Elementary Schools, by City/Municipality South
2.5.26 2-129
Cotabato, SY 2013-2014 to 2017-2018
Enrolment in Public and Private Elementary Schools from SY 2013-2014
2.5.27 2-130
to SY 2017-2018
Number of Teachers and Ratio with Pupils in Public Elementary Schools,
2.5.28 2-131
South Cotabato, SY 2013-2014 to SY 2017-2018
Number of Teachers in Private Elementary Schools from SY 2012-2013
2.5.29 2-131
to SY 2016-2017, South Cotabato
Number of Classrooms and Ratio with Pupils in Public Elementary
2.5.30 2-133
Schools from SY 2013-2014 to SY 2017-2018
Number of Classrooms in Private Elementary Schools from SY 2012-
2.5.31 2-133
2013 to SY 2016-2017, South Cotabato
Coefficient of Efficiency, Years Input Per Graduate and Gender Parity
2.5.32 Index in Public and Private Schools, South Cotabato, SY 2014-2015, 2-137
SY2015-2016
Number of Public and Private Secondary Schools by City/Municipality
2.5.33 2-138
South Cotabato, SY 2013-2014 to SY 2017-2018
2.5.34 Enrolment in Public and Private Secondary Schools SY 2017-2018 2-139
Number of Teachers and Ratio with Students in Public Secondary
2.5.35 2-140
Schools, South Cotabato, SY 2013-2014 to SY 2017-2018
Number of Teachers and Ratio with Students in Private Secondary
2.5.36 2-141
Schools, South Cotabato, SY 2012-2013to SY 2016-2017
Number of Classrooms and Ratio with Students in Public Secondary
2.5.37 2-142
Schools from SY 2013-2014to SY 2016-2017
Number of Classrooms and Ratio with Students in Public Secondary
2.5.38 2-142
Schools, JHS, SHS,SY 2017-2018
Number of Classrooms and Ratio with Students in Private Secondary
2.5.39 2-143
Schools from SY 2012-2013 to SY 2016-2017
Coefficient of Efficiency, Years Input Per Graduate and Gender Parity
2.5.40 Index in Public and Private Secondary Schools, South Cotabato, SY 2-148
2014-2015, SY2015-2016
Number of Institutions Offering Tech-Voc Programs by District and by
2.5.41 2-149
Location, South Cotabato, 2016-2018
Enrolment of Public and Private Higher Education by City/Municipality,
2.5.42 2-150
SY 2014-201 to 2017-2018
2.5.43 Housing Profile of South Cotabato, 2000,2010,2015 2-151
xvii
NO. TITLE PAGE
Occupied Housing Unit by Type of Building/House, South Cotabato,
2.5.44 2-152
2000, 2010,2015
Occupied Housing Units by Construction Materials of the Outer Walls and
2.5.45 2-153
Roof, South Cotabato, 2010, 2015
2.5.46 Tenure Status of Household Lots, South Cotabato, 2000,2010, 2015 2-155
2.5.47 Inventory of Subdivisions, South Cotabato, 2018 2-155
2.5.48 Housing Backlog, South Cotabato, 2000, 2010, 2015 2-158
2.5.49 Current and Projected Housing Need, South Cotabato, 2016-2026 2-158
Number of Policemen and Policemen-to-Population Ratio, South
2.5.50 2-159
Cotabato, 2013-2018
Policemen-to-Population Ratio by City/Municipality, South Cotabato,
2.5.51 2-160
2018
2.5.52 Comparative Crime Statistics By Month, South Cotabato, 2014-2018 2-163
2.5.53 Comparative Crime Statistics by Municipality, South Cotabato, 2014-2018 2-164
2.5.54 Comparative Crime Statistics By Month, South Cotabato, 2014-2018 2-165
Comparative Crime Statistics by Municipality/City, South Cotabato, 2014-
2.5.55 2-166
2018
Number of Firemen and Firetrucks per Municipality, South Cotabato,
2.5.56 2-167
2013-2018
Inventory of Culture and Arts Groups / Local Artists (Dance) in South
2.5.57 2-170
Cotabato, 2012 and 2018
Number of Culture and Arts Group/ Local Artists (Music) in South
2.5.58 2-172
Cotabato, 2012 and 2018
List of Foundation Anniversaries and Patronal Fiestas in South Cotabato,
2.5.59 2-174
2018
2.5.60 Cultural Heritage Sites, Monuments and Museums, 2018 2-174
List of Athletes with National/International Distinctions, South Cotabato,
2.5.61 2-176
2018
2.6.1 Air Access Routes by Location and Classification, Region XII, 2013 2-178
Total Road Network by Classification, and Road Density by
2.6.2 2-179
City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
Length of Roads by Classification and Surface Type, South Cotabato,
2.6.3 2-180
2018
Length of National Roads by Surface Type per City/Municipality, South
2.6.4 2-180
Cotabato, 2018
Length of Provincial Roads by Surface Type per City/Municipality, South
2.6.5 2-181
Cotabato, 2018
Length of City/Municipal Roads by Surface Type per City/Municipality,
2.6.6 2-181
Length of Barangay Roads by Surface Type per City/Municipality, South
2.6.7 2-182
Cotabato, 2018
Inventory of Existing Bridges along National Roads by Type of Structure
2.6.8 2-184
and Condition, 2018
Inventory of Existing Bridges along Provincial Roads by Type of Structure
2.6.9 2-184
and Condition, 2018
Inventory of Existing Bridges along City/Municipal Roads by Type of
2.6.10 2-185
Structure and Condition, 2018
Inventory of Existing Bridges along City/Municipal Roads by Type of
2.6.11 2-185
Structure and Condition, 2018
xviii
NO. TITLE PAGE
Motor Vehicle Registration by Type and Classification, South Cotabato,
2.6.12 2-186
2014-2018
Land Transport Terminals by City/Municipality and Area Occupied, South
2.6.13 2-187
Cotabato, 2017
2.6.14 Areas Affected by Flooding/Flashfloods in South Cotabato, 2017 2-189
Inventory of Drainage/Lined Canals along Provincial Roads, South
2.6.15 2-190
Cotabato, 2018
No. of Households Served by Type of Water Source (Levels I, II and III)
2.6.16 2-191
per City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
2.6.17 Total Households with Access to Safe Water, South Cotabato: 2014-2018 2-192
2.6.18 Existing Water District Summary, South Cotabato: 2014-2018 2-192
2.6.19 Local Water Districts and Pumping Stations, South Cotabato, 2018 2-193
2.6.20 Sources of Power by Location, Type, Capacity and Power Supplied, 2018 2-196
2.6.21 Power Sub-Stations and Capacity, 2018 2-197
2.6.22 Status of Energization, South Cotabato, 2014- 2018 2-197
2.6.23 Total No. of Consumers by Type, 2015-2018 2-198
2.6.24 Power Consumption (KWH) by Type of Consumer, 2015-2018 2-198
2.6.25 Power Requirement Projection, SOCOTECO I & II, 2013–2023 2-198
Awarded Renewable Energy Projects in South Cotabato, As of December
2.6.26 2017 2-199
2.6.27 Summary of Renewable Energy Potentials in South Cotabato, 2017 2-200
No. of Telephone Subscribers by Type of Connection per
2.6.28 2-202
2.6.29 Number of Cell sites by Municipality/City, South Cotabato: 2014-2018 2-202
Number of Internet Subscribers by City/Municipality, South Cotabato,
2.6.30 2-202
2018
2.6.31 Existing Radio and Television Stations, South Cotabato, 2017 2-203
2.6.32 Cable TV Subscribers by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2014-2018 2-204
2.7.1 Watershed Areas, South Cotabato and Neighboring Areas 2-208
Status of watershed characterization, vulnerability assessment, and
2.7.2 Integrated Watershed Management Plan of Critical Watersheds within 2-211
South Cotabato
2.7.3 Installed watershed monitoring instruments within South Cotabato 2-212
2.7.4 NIPAS Areas, South Cotabato 2-215
2.7.5 Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape Area by Municipality, 2018 2-215
2.7.6 Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape Area by Zones 2-215
2.7.7 Unproclaimed Watersheds, South Cotabato 2-219
2.7.8 Land Cover of South Cotabato 2-221
Status of Forest Land Use Plans of South Cotabato as of February 11,
2.7.9 2-221
2019
Ancestral Domain Areas in South Cotabato by Type of Application,
2.7.10 2-224
Location, Area and Right Holders
2.7.11 Bamboo Pole Production Region XII 2-226
Total Waste Generation (in tons) by Waste Composition, All Sources,
2.7.12 2-227
2.7.13 Solid Waste Disposal Method by City/Municipality, 2017 2-227
2.7.14 Status of South Cotabato’s SLF, 2019 2-228
2.7.15 Status of LGU Disposal Facilities, South Cotabato, 2017 2-229
2.7.16 LGU's with 10-year SWM Plan 2-230
xix
NO. TITLE PAGE
2.7.17 Major Sources of Air Pollution in Region XII, 2017 2-230
2.7.18 National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values 2-231
2.7.19 Emissions Inventory for Region XII in Tons/Hour, 2017 2-232
2.7.20 Major Sources of Air Pollution in Region XII 2016-2017 2-232
Ambient PM10 Concentrations (μg/Ncm) of Sampling Stations in South
2.7.21 2-232
Cotabato, 2017-2019
2.7.22 Private Emission Testing Centers (PETCs) in South Cotabato, 2017-2018 2-232
2.7.23 Surface Water Quality Status in South Cotabato, 2015-2017 2-234
2.7.24 Major Sources of Water Pollution in South Cotabato 2-236
2.7.25 Metallic Mineral Reserves, 2018 & 2019 2-237
2.7.26 Non-Metallic Reserve, South Cotabato, 2018 & 2019 2-237
Mining Permits and Contracts by Tenement No., Holder, Area and
2.7.27 2-239
Commodity, South Cotabato: 2017-2020
List of Gold and Silver Small-Scale Mining Contractors Located at Tboli,
2.7.28 2-241
2.7.29 List of Existing Coal Operating Contract (COC) Holders, South Cotabato 2-242
2.7.30 Quarry Operation Areas, South Cotabato, 2020 2-243
Historical Mean Seasonal Temperature Record for 30 years (1971-2000),
2.8.1 2-248
Region 12
Historical Mean Seasonal Rainfall Record for 30 years (1971-2000),
2.8.2a 2-248
Region 12
2.8.2b Average Daily Rainfall (mm), 2013-2017 2-249
Summary of Rainfall (mm/day) and No. Of Rainy Days, South Cotabato
2.8.2c 2-249
CY 2012-2018
Annual Frequency of Tropical Cyclone Shown in Months for 61 Years
2.8.3 2-250
(1948-2009), Region 12
Projected Temperature Increase (In °C) In 2020 under the Medium-
2.8.4 2-251
Range Emission Scenario, So. Cotabato
Projected Temperature Increase (in °C) in 2050 under the Medium-
2.8.5 2-251
Range Emission Scenario, So. Cotabato
Projected Rainfall Change (in %) in 2020 under the Medium-Range
2.8.6 2-253
Emission Scenario, South Cotabato
Projected Rainfall Change (in %) in 2050 under the Medium-Range
2.8.7 2-254
Emission Scenario, South Cotabato
Location and Details of Flooding Along Major Rivers by City/Municipality,
2.8.8 2-255
South Cotabato
Flood Susceptibility and No. of Barangays and Areas Affected by
2.8.9 2-257
RIL Susceptibility and No. of Barangays and Areas Affected by
2.8.10 2-260
Five Worst Case Scenario Earthquakes that Would Affect South
2.8.11 2-266
Cotabato
2.8.12a Areas Affected by Volcanic Hazards (Mt. Matutum) by City/Municipality 2-270
2.8.12
Areas Affected by Volcanic Hazards (Mt. Matutum) by City/Municipality 2-270
b
2.8.13 Areas Affected by Volcanic Hazards (Mt. Matutum) by City/Municipality 2-271
Affected Areas by Major Flash Flood Occurrence in South Cotabato,
2.8.14 2-274
2003-2017
2.8.15 Earthquake Occurrence, South Cotabato 2019 2-303
xx
NO. TITLE PAGE
2.8.16 Volcanic Eruptions That Occurred in South Cotabato 2-304
Summary Checklist of Hazards by City/Municipality Affected or
2.8.17 2-305
Susceptible
Summary of Climate Change Variables and Possible Hazards or Impacts
2.8.18 2-306
South Cotabato
2.8.19 Sectoral Vulnerability of South Cotabato Climate Change Impacts 2-306
Qualitative Impacts of Climate Change Variables on the Critical Sectors,
2.8.20 2-307
South Cotabato
2.8.21 Vulnerability Level of Agriculture to Drought 2.-311
2.8.22 Vulnerability Level of Agriculture to Temperature Increase 2-312
2.8.23 Vulnerability Level of Agriculture to Rainfall Change 2-314
2.8.24 Vulnerability Level of Forestry/Biodiversity to Drought 2-315
2.8.25 Vulnerability Level of Forestry/Biodiversity to Temperature Increase 2-317
2.8.26 Vulnerability Level of Forestry/ Biodiversity to Rainfall Change 2-319
2.8.27 Vulnerability Level of Water Sector to Drought 2-320
2.8.28 Vulnerability Level of Water Sector to Rainfall Change 2-322
2.8.29 Vulnerability Level of Water Sector to Temperature Increase 2-323
Vulnerability Level of Health Sector to Climate Change Associated
2.8.30 2-325
Disease (Dengue)
2.8.31 2-327
Disease (Filariasis)
2.8.32 2-328
Disease (Leptospirosis)
2.8.33 2-330
Disease (Malaria)
2.8.34 2-331
Diseases (Typhoid)
2.8.35 2-333
Diseases (Zika)
Self-assessment of Disaster Risk Resiliency of the Province Using the
2.8.36 2-335
Sendai Framework
Assessment of Provincial Institutional Capacity to Implement LGU
2.8.37 2-342
Mandates Under the Climate Change Act (RA 9729)
Assessment of Provincial Institutional Capacity to Implement LGU
2.8.38 Mandates Under the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act (RA 2-343
10121)
3.1 Vision Elements and Descriptors, South Cotabato, 2020-2028 3-2
Localizing the Sustainable Development Goals and the Philippine
3.2 Development Plan through South Cotabato’s Strategic Development 3-4
Priorities, 2020-2028
4.1 4-5
4.2 Total Land Area per City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018 4-7
Existing Protection Land Use Accounting (in sq.km.) by City/Municipality,
4.3 4-9
Existing Production Land Use Accounting (in sq.km.) by City/Municipality,
4.4 4-12
Existing Infrastructure Land Use Accounting (in has.) by City/Municipality,
4.5 4-15
xxi
NO. TITLE PAGE
Existing Settlements Land Use Accounting (in sq.km.) by
4.6 4-18
Existing Land Use Categories by Area (sq.km.) per City/Municipality,
4.7 4-19
Comparative Land Use Areas and Variance (in square kilometer) by City/
4.8 4-26
Municipality, South Cotabato, 2007, 2013 and 2018
4.9 Land Classification and Area by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2015 4-27
Land Suitability Classification by Land Area and Percentage, South
4.10 4-28
Cotabato,2013
Land Use Areas (in sq.km) highly Susceptible to Flooding by
4.11 4-33
City/Municipality, South Cotabato 2018
Land Use Areas (in sq.km) Highly Susceptible to Rain-Induced Land
4.12 4-34
Slide by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2020-2028
Land Use Areas (sq.km) Highly Susceptible to Ground shaking by
4.13 4-36
Land Use Areas (sq.km) Highly Susceptible to EIL by City/Municipality,
4.14 4-38
2018
Land Use Areas (sq.km) Highly Susceptible to Volcanic Eruption (Mt.
4.15 4-39
Matutum)
Land Use Areas (sq.km) Highly Susceptible to Volcanic Eruption (Mt.
4.16 4-40
Melibengoy, 2018
Major Land Use Issues and Corresponding Land Use Strategies and
4.17 4-63
Policy Framework
Protection Land Use Areas (in sq.km.) by City/Municipality, South
4.18 4-67
Cotabato, 2028-2028
Comparative Protection Land Use Areas (Existing and Plan), South
4.19 4-69
Cotabato
Production Land Use Areas (in sq.km.) by City/Municipality, South
4.20 4-72
Cotabato, 2020-2028
Comparative Production Land Use Areas (Existing and Plan), South
4.21 4-72
Cotabato
Infrastructure Land Use Areas (in sq.km.) by City/Municipality, South
4.22 4-75
Cotabato, 2020-2028
Comparative Infrastructure Land Use Areas (Existing and Plan), South
4.23 4-75
Cotabato
4.24 Parameters and Indicators Used in the Settlement Pattern Analysis 4-77
Comparative Analysis of Selected Demographic, Economic/Fiscal and
4.25 4-78
Social Indicators (Ranking) by City/Municipality, 2015
Comparison of Trends Between the Existing and Proposed Hierarchy of
4.26 4-79
Settlements, 2018 and 2028
Settlements Land Use Areas (in sq.km.) by City/Municipality, South
4.27 4-82
Cotabato, 2014-2019
Land Use Plan per Land Use Category and Area (sq.km.), by
4.28 4-84
Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and
5.1.1 5-4
PPAs for the Population Development Sub-sector
5.1.2 5-5
PPAs for the Settlement Pattern and Development Sub-sector
xxii
NO. TITLE PAGE
5.2.1 5-12
PPAs for the Trade, Industry and Investment Promotion Sub-sector
Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives Targets, Strategies and
5.2.2 5-15
PPAs for the Tourism Sub-sector
5.2.3 5-17
PPAs for the Agriculture and Fishery Sub-sector
5.2.4 5-23
PPAs for the Cooperative Development Sub-sector
5.2.5 5-24
PPAs for the Agrarian Reform Sub-sector
5.3.1 5-34
PPAs for the Income, Employment and Poverty Sub-sector
5.3.2 5-37
PPAs for the Health and Sanitation Sub-sector
5.3.3 5-42
PPAs for the Nutrition Sub-sector
5.3.4 5-45
PPAs for the Social Welfare and Protection Sub-sector
5.3.5 5-49
PPAs for the Education Sub-sector
5.3.6 5-55
PPAs for the Housing Sub-sector
5.3.7 5-59
PPAs for the Protective Services Sub-sector
5.3.8 5-63
PPAs for the Culture and Arts Development Sub-sector
5.3.9 5-65
PPAs for the Sports Development Sub-sector
5.4.1 5-69
PPAs for the Transportation, Access and Circulation Sub-sector Sub
5.4.2 5-81
PPAs for the Flood Control and Drainage Sub-Sector
5.4.3 5-82
PPAs for the Water Supply and Sanitation Sub-sector
5.4.4 5-85
PPAs for the Power Supply Sub-sector
5.4.5 5-86
PPAs for the Information and Communication Technology Sub-sector
Ecosystems and its Subsystems and Corresponding Sub-sector of the
5.5.1 5-87
Natural Resources and Environment Management Sector
5.5.2 Environment and Natural Resources Management Plan 2020-2028 5-90
5.6.1 DRR Programs, Projects and Activities 2020-2028 5-89
5.6.2 CCA Programs, Projects and Activities 2020-2028 5-100
xxiii
LIST OF FIGURES
NO. TITLE PAGE
1 Age-Sex Pyramid of Household Population, South Cotabato (2015) xxxvii
Poverty Incidence Among Poor Families in South Cotabato, 2009,
2 xl
2012, 2015, 2018
Percentage Share per Land Use Category, Provincial Land Use Plan,
3 liv
2020-2028
2.3.1 Age-Sex Pyramid of Household Population, South Cotabato (2015) 2-17
Amount of Capitalization for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020, South
2.4.1 2-31
Cotabato
Number of Closed Businesses for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020,
2.4.2 2-32
South Cotabato
Number of New Businesses for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020, South
2.4.3 2-33
Cotabato
Number of New Employees (New Businesses) for 1st and 2nd
2.4.4 2-34
Number of Renewed Businesses for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020,
2.4.5 2-35
South Cotabato
Number of Renewed Employees (Renewed Business) for 1st and 2nd
2.4.6 2-36
2.4.7 Gross Sales for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020, South Cotabato 2-37
2.4.8 Number of New Investments, South Cotabato, 2013-2017 2-41
2.4.9 Number of Manpower, South Cotabato, 2015–2017 2-42
2.4.10 New Investments, South Cotabato, 2013-2017 2-43
2.4.11 Gross Sales of Businesses, South Cotabato, 2013-2017 2-44
2.4.12 Corn Production Share of Provinces, Region XII, 2018 2-56
2.4.13 Palay Production Share of Provinces, Region XII, 2018 2-59
2.5.1 Employment Rate, South Cotabato, 2017-2018 2-75
2.5.2 Labor Force Participation Rate, South Cotabato, 2015, 2016, 2017 2-75
Poverty Incidence (%) Among Families, Philippines, 2009, 2012, 2015,
2.5.3 2-76
2018
Poverty Incidence (%) Among Families Region XII, 2009, 2012, 2015,
2.5.4 2-76
2018
Top Three (3) Poorest Regions in the Philippines in Terms of Poverty
2.5.5 2-77
Incidence (%), 2009, 2012, 2015
Incidence Among Poor Families in Region XII, 2006, 2009, 2012,
2.5.6 2-78
2015, 2018
Poverty Incidence Among Poor Families in South Cotabato, 2009,
2.5.7 2-79
2012, 2015, 2018
2.5.8 Poverty Incidence (%) by City/ Municipality, South Cotabato, 2015 2-79
Annual Per Capita Food Threshold of Poor Families in South Cotabato,
2.5.9 2-81
2006, 2009, 2012, 2015
Magnitude of Subsistence Among Poor Families in South Cotabato
2.5.10 2-82
2006, 2009, 2012, 2015
Identified Poor and Active 4Ps Beneficiaries by City/Municipality, 2017,
2.5.11 2-83
2018
2.5.12 Rate of Live Births (%) in South Cotabato, 2012-2018 2-85
2.5.13 Live Birth Rate by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2016- 2018 2-85
2.5.14 Total Death Rate (%) in South Cotabato, 2013-2018 2-86
2.5.15 Total Death Rate by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2016-2018 2-87
xxiv
NO. TITLE PAGE
2.5.16 Rate of Natural Increase (%) in South Cotabato, 2013-2018 2-88
2.5.17 Infant Mortality Rate (%) in South Cotabato, 2013-2018 2-88
2.5.18 Infant Mortality Rate by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2016-2018 2-89
2.5.19 Maternal Mortality Rate in South Cotabato, 2013-2018 2-91
2.5.20 Public Health Personnel -By Hospital, South Cotabato, 2017, 2018 2-96
2.5.21 Public Health Personnel -By Profession, South Cotabato, 2017, 2018 2-96
2.5.22 HIV Cases by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 1984 to January 2017 2-100
HIV/AIDS Cases by Sex (excluding Gen. Santos City), 1984 to January
2.5.23 2-101
2018
HIV/AIDS Cases by Age Group (excluding Gen. Santos City), 1984 -
2.5.24 2-101
2018
HIV/AIDS Cases by Mode of Transmission, South Cotabato, 1984-
2.5.25 2-101
2018
2.5.26 Malnutrition Prevalence Rate, South Cotabato, 2009-2018 2-104
Malnutrition Prevalence Rate, City/Municipalities, South Cotabato,
2.5.27 2-105
2018
Access to Safe Water by City/ Municipality, South Cotabato, 2017,
2.5.28 2-107
2018
Households with Access to Sanitary Toilets by City/Municipality, South
2.5.29 2-108
Cotabato, 2017, 2018
Number of Food Establishments City/Municipality, South Cotabato,
2.5.30 2-109
2018
2.5.31 Number of Youth by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018 2-110
2.5.32 Percentage of OSY by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2015 2-111
Number of Teenage Pregnancies (Timely and Late Registrants), South
2.5.33 2-113
Cotabato, 2012-2018
Incidence of Teenage Pregnancies by City/Municipality, South
2.5.34 2-113
Cotabato, 2009-2013,2013-2017, 2017-2018
2.5.35 Women Participation in Skills Trainings, South Cotabato, 2013-2017 2-117
Women Participation in Skills Trainings by City/Municipality, South
2.5.36 2-117
Cotabato, 2013-2018
VAWC Victims by Category and by City/Municipality, South Cotabato,
2.5.37 2-118
2006-2018
Number of Solo Parents Provided with Social Services by
2.5.38 2-119
2.5.39 Total Marriages, South Cotabato, 2013-2018 2-120
2.5.40 Incidents of Early/Unplanned Marriages, South Cotabato, 2013-2018 2-120
Incidents of Early Marriage (18-21 y.o) by Sex, South Cotabato, 2013-
2.5.41 2-120
2018
Indigent Families Enrolled to Philhealth Indigency Program, South
2.5.42 2-121
Cotabato, 2014-2018
Philhealth Card Beneficiaries Sponsored by the Province, South
2.5.43 2-121
Cotabato, 2015-2017
2.5.44 South Cotabato Day Care Centers by City/Municipality, 2017 2-122
South Cotabato Day Care Centers and Day Care Workers by
2.5.45 2-123
Total Number of Children Served by Day Care Workers by
2.5.46 2-123
City/Municipality, 2013-2018
xxv
NO. TITLE PAGE
Indigent Clients (Individuals) in Crisis Situation Served by
2.5.47 2-124
Simple Literacy Rate of Household Population 10 y/o and Over, 2010
2.5.48 2-127
and 2015
Basic/Simple Literacy Rate of Population 10 y/o and Over by Sex by
2.5.49 2-127
age group, South Cotabato 2015
Number of Public and Private Elementary Schools, South Cotabato,
2.5.50 2-129
SY 2013-2014 to 2017-2018
Enrolment in Public and Private Elementary Schools, South Cotabato,
2.5.51 2-130
SY 2013-2014 to 2017-2018
Number of Teachers in Public Elementary Schools, South Cotabato,
2.5.52 2-131
SY 2013-2014to SY 2017-2018
Number of Classrooms in Public Elementary Schools, South Cotabato,
2.5.53 2-132
SY 2013-2014to SY 2017-2018
Gross and Net Enrolment Ratio in Primary Education, by Province/City,
2.5.54 2-134
Region XII, SY 2017-2018
Cohort Survival Rate, Completion Rate, School Leaver Rate,
2.5.55 Transition Rate in Public and Private Elementary Schools by 2-136
Province/City, Region XII, SY 2017-2018
Number of Public and Private Secondary Schools, South Cotabato, SY
2.5.56 2-138
2013-2014 to 2017-2018
Enrolment in Public and Private Secondary Schools, South Cotabato,
2.5.57 2-139
SY 2017-2018
Number of Teachers in Public Secondary Schools, South Cotabato, SY
2.5.58 2-140
2013-2014to SY 2017-2018
Number of Classrooms in Public Secondary Schools, South Cotabato,
2.5.59 2-142
SY 2013-2014to SY 2017-2018
Gross and Net Enrolment Ratio Secondary Education (Junior High
2.5.60 2-144
School), by Province/City Region XII , SY2017-2018
Gross and Net Enrolment Ratio Secondary Education (Senior High
2.5.61 School), by Province/City, 2-145
Cohort Survival Rate, Completion Rate, School Leaver Rate,
2.5.62 Transition Rate in Public and Private Secondary Schools by 2-147
Province/City, Region XII, SY 2017-2018
Number of Public and Private Higher Education Institutions, South
2.5.63 2-148
Cotabato, 2017, 2018
Enrolment of Public and Private Higher Education, South Cotabato, SY
2.5.64 2-149
2014-2015 to 2017-2018
2.5.65 Occupied Housing Units, South Cotabato, 2000, 2010, 2015 2-151
2.5.66 Type of Housing Units/Building, South Cotabato, 2000, 2010, 2015 2-151
Type of Construction Materials of the Outer Walls, South Cotabato,
2.5.67 2-152
2010, 2015
Type of Construction Materials of the Roof, South Cotabato, 2010,
2.5.68 2-153
2015
2.5.69 Status of Household Lots, South Cotabato, 2010, 2010, 2015 2-154
2.5.70 Inventory of Subdivisions by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018 2-155
2.5.71 Housing Backlog, South Cotabato, 2000, 2010, 2015 2-157
xxvi
NO. TITLE PAGE
2.5.72 Housing Backlog by Type, South Cotabato, 2000, 2010, 2015 2-157
2.5.73 Number of Policemen and Population, South Cotabato, 2013-2018 2-159
Number of Policemen and Population by City/Municipality, South
2.5.74 2-159
Cotabato, 2018
2.5.75 Crime Rate by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2014-2018 2-160
Total Crime Volume by City/Municipality (per 100,000 population),
2.5.76 2-162
2.5.77 Total Crime Volume, South Cotabato, 2013-2018 2-162
Total Index and Non-Index Crime by Month, South Cotabato, 2014-
2.5.78 2-163
2018
Total Index and Non-Index Crime by City/Municipality, South Cotabato,
2.5.79 2-164
2014-2018
2.5.80 Crime Solution Efficiency Rate by Month, South Cotabato, 2014-2018 2-165
Crime Solution Efficiency Rate by City/Municipality, South Cotabato,
2.5.81 2-166
2014-2018
2.5.82 Number of Firemen and Firetrucks, South Cotabato, 2013-2018 2-167
Number of Local Culture and Arts Groups (Dance), South Cotabato,
2.5.83 2-170
2012, 2018
Number of Local Culture and Arts Groups (Music), South Cotabato,
2.5.84 2-171
2012, 2018
2.6.1 Percentage (%) of Roads by Surface Type, 2018 2-180
Percentage (%) of Households with Access to Level III Water Source,
2.6.2 2-191
Figure 2.6.3 Number of Water District Service Connections, South
2.6.3 2-193
Cotabato, 2016-2018
2.7.1 Location map of watershed instruments within South Cotabato 2-212
Simulation Maps Showing the Projected Seasonal Temperature
2.8.1 2-252
Increase (in °C) in the Philippines in 2020 and 2050
Simulation Maps Showing the Projected Seasonal Temperature
2.8.2 2-253
Increase (in °C) in the Philippines (2020 & 2050)
2.8.3 Active Faults and Trenches in Mindanao 2-265
2.8.4 Earthquakes That Occurred in South Cotabato and Nearby Areas 2-303
Comparative Percentage Share of Land Use Areas per
4.1 4-24
City/Municipality and Province, 2007, 2013 & 2018
Percentage Share per Land Use Category, Provincial Land Use Plan,
4.2 4-84
2020-2028
xxvii
LIST OF MAPS
NO. TITLE PAGE
2.1.1 Map of Region XII showing the Province of South Cotabato 2018 2-3
2.1.2 Administrative Map,2018 2-4
2.2.1 Slope Map of South Cotabato 2-7
2.2.2 Geologic Map of South Cotabato 2-10
2.3.1 Population Size of South Cotabato (2015) 2-15
2.3.2 Population Density, South Cotabato (2015) 2-19
2.3.3 Annual Population Growth Rate of South Cotabato (2010-2015) 2-21
2.3.4 Existing Hierarchy of Settlements, South Cotabato, 2018 2-28
2.4.1 Major Tourist Attractions in South Cotabato, 2018 2-52
Existing National and Communal Irrigation Systems, South Cotabato,
2.4.2 2-66
2018
2.5.1 Poverty Incidence 2-80
2.5.2 4Ps Beneficiaries 2-84
2.5.3 Live Birth 2-86
2.5.4 Death Rate 2-87
2.5.5 Infant Mortality 2-90
2.5.6 Maternal Mortality 2-92
2.5.7 Medical Health Facilities Map 2-95
2.5.8 Rural Health Facilities 2-99
2.5.9 HIV/AIDS 2-102
2.5.10 COVID-19 Map 2-103
2.5.11 Malnutrition Map 2-105
2.5.12 Sanitation Map (Water) 2-107
2.5.13 Sanitation Map (Toilet) 2-108
2.5.14 Out-of-School Youth 2-112
2.5.15 Teenage Pregnancy 2-114
2.5.16 Simple Literacy 2-128
2.5.17 Crime Rate 2-161
2.5.18 Protective Services (Fire Station) 2-168
2.5.19 Protective Services (Police Station) 2-168
2.6.1 Road Network Map, South Cotabato, 2018 2-183
2.6.2 Public Transport Terminals Map, South Cotabato, 2018 2-188
2.6.3 Water Facilities Map, South Cotabato, 2018 2-195
Power Facilities by Type, Substation Capacity and Service Areas,
2.6.4 2-201
Information, Communication and Technology Facilities Map, South
2.6.5 2-205
Cotabato, 2018
2.6.6 Technical Infrastructure Facilities Map, South Cotabato, 2018 2-206
2.7.1 Watershed Areas of South Cotabato 2-210
2.7.2 Proposed AVPL for Protected Area Suitability Assessment (PASA) 2-214
2.7.3 Existing NIPAS Area of South Cotabato 2-216
2.7.4 Proposed NIPAS Area of South Cotabato 2-217
2.7.5 MMPL Zones and Sub-zones 2-218
2.7.6 Land Cover Map of South Cotabato 2-220
2.7.7 Tupi-Tampakan Biodiversity Corridor, South Cotabato 2-222
2.7.8 Ancestral Domain Areas in South Cotabato 2-225
Large Scale Metallic Mineral and Coal Mining Tenements (Approved
2.7.9 2-240
and Application)
xxviii
NO. TITLE PAGE
2.7.10 Coal Mining Operations in South Cotabato 2-243
2.7.11 Quarry Operation Sites in South Cotabato 2-245
2.8.1 Climate Map of the Philippines 2-247
Climate Type Map of South Cotabato based on Modified Corona’s
2.8.2 2-248
Climate Classification
2.8.3 Flood Hazard Map 2-257
2.8.4 Rain-Induced Landslide Hazard Map 2-259
2.8.5 RIL Susceptibility Map 2-261
2.8.6 RIL Susceptibility Map to Population 2-261
2.8.7 RIL Susceptibility Map to Business Sectors 2-262
2.8.8 RIL Susceptibility Map to Educational Institutions 2-262
2.8.9 RIL Susceptibility Map to Transport Facilities 2-263
2.8.10 Ground Shaking Hazard Map, South Cotabato 2-267
2.8.11 Earthquake-Induced Landslide Hazard Map, South Cotabato 2-267
2.8.12 Liquefaction Hazard Map, South Cotabato 2-268
2.8.13 Volcanic Hazard Map–Mt. Matutum, South Cotabato 2-271
2.8.14 Volcanic Hazard Map–Mt. Melibengoy (Mt. Parker), South Cotabato 2-272
2.8.15 Flood Incidence Map of South Cotabato 2-300
2.8.16 Rain-Induced Landslide Incidence Map of South Cotabato 2-301
2.8.17 Strong Wind/Tornado Incidence Map of South Cotabato 2-302
2.8.18 Evacuation Centers in South Cotabato 2-309
2.8.19 Vulnerability Map of Agriculture to Drought 2-311
2.8.20 Vulnerability Map of Agriculture to Temperature Increase 2-313
2.8.21 Vulnerability Map of Agriculture to Rainfall Change 2-314
2.8.22 Vulnerability Map of Forest/Biodiversity to Drought 2-316
2.8.23 Vulnerability Map of Forest/Biodiversity to Drought 2-318
2.8.24 Vulnerability Map of Forestry/Biodiversity to Rainfall Change 2-319
2.8.25 Vulnerability Map of Water to Drought 2-321
2.8.26 Vulnerability Map of Water to Rainfall Change 2-322
2.8.27 Vulnerability Map of Water to Temperature Increase 2-324
Vulnerability Map of Health Sector to Increased Incidence of Vector &
2.8.28 2-326
Water Borne Diseases Associated with Climate Change (DENGUE)
2.8.29 2-327
Water Borne Diseases Associated with Climate Change (FILARIASIS)
2.8.30 2-329
Water Borne Diseases Associated with Climate Change (Leptospirosis)
2.8.31 2-330
Water Borne Diseases Associated with Climate Change (Malaria)
2.8.32 2-332
Water Borne Diseases Associated with Climate Change (Typhoid)
2.8.33 2-334
Water Borne Diseases Associated with Climate Change (Zika)
4.1 Competitive and Comparative Advantage Map of South Cotabato, 2 4-3
Existing Functional Roles of City/Municipalities in Provincial
4.2 4-6
Development, South Cotabato, 2018
4.3 Existing Protection Land Use, South Cotabato, 2018 4-10
4.4 Existing Production Land Use, South Cotabato, 2018 4-13
4.5 Existing Major Infrastructure Facilities, South Cotabato, 2018 4-16
xxix
NO. TITLE PAGE
4.6 Existing Infrastructure Land Use, South Cotabato, 2018 4-17
Existing Settlement Development Areas, Province of South Cotabato,
4.7 4-21
2018
4.8 Overall Existing Land Use Map, South Cotabato, 2018 4-22
4.9 Land Classification Map of South Cotabato, 2015 4-29
4.10 Land Suitability Map of South Cotabato, 2013 4-30
4.11 Susceptibility of Existing Land Use to flooding 4-33
4.12 Susceptibility of Existing Land Use to Rain-Induced Landslide 4-35
4.13 Susceptibility of Existing Land Use to Ground shaking 4-37
4.14 Susceptibility of Existing Land Use to Earthquake –induced Landslide 4-38
4.15 Susceptibility of Existing Land Use to Volcanic Eruption (Mt. Matutum) 4-40
Susceptibility of Existing Land Use to Volcanic Eruption (Mt.
4.16 4-41
Melibengoy)
4.17 Population (Size) Exposure to Multiple Hazards 4-43
4.18 Population (Density) Exposure to Multiple Hazards 4-43
4.19 Built-up Areas Exposure to Multiple Hazard 4-44
4.20 Road Network Exposure to Multiple Hazard 4-44
Proposed Functional Roles of City/Municipalities in Provincial
4.21 4-47
Development (2020-2028)
4.22 Spatial Structure Plan of South Cotabato (2020-2028) 4-53
4.23 Protection Land Use Plan, South Cotabato, 2020-2028 4-70
4.24 Production Land Use Plan, South Cotabato, 2020-2028 4-73
4.25 Infrastructure Development Plan (2020-2028) 4-76
4.26 Proposed Hierarchy of Settlements, South Cotabato, 2020-2028 4-81
4.27 Settlements Land Use Plan, South Cotabato, 2020-2028 4-83
4.28 Provincial Land Use Plan, South Cotabato, 2020-2028 4-85
xxx
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Arts and Culture for Maguan Clan Small
ACCDP Community Development MCSSMAI Scale Mining Association
Program Inc.
Arts and Culture Tourism and Mindanao Fault Daguma
ACTS MDFE
Sports Extension
Millennium Development
ALA RIS ALA River Irrigation System MDG
Goal
Annual Population Growth Mines and Geosciences
APGR MGB
Rate Bureau
AQMS Air Quality Monitoring System MHC Main Health Centers
Agrarian Reform Mt. Matutum Protected
ARC MMPL
Communities Landscape
Mineral Production
ASBU Anti-Smoke Belching Unit MPSA
Sharing Agreement
Allah Valley Protected Materials Recovery
AVPL MRF
Landscape Facility
Bureau of Agricultural Medium Susceptibility
BAS MSA
Statistics Area
Basic Emergency Obstetric Micro Small and Medium
BEmOC MSME
Care Enterprise
Marbel Service and
BFP Bureau of Fire Protection MSTSI
Television System Inc
National Commission for
BHS Barangay Health Stations NCCA
Culture and Arts
National Climate Change
BHW Barangay Health Workers NCCAP
Action Plan
National Commission for
BnB Botika ng Barangay NCIP
Indigenous People
National Economic
BNS Barangay Nutrition Scholars NEDA
Development Authority
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand NER Net Enrollment Ratio
Certificate of Ancestral
CADC NFA National Food Authority
Domain Claim
Certificate of Ancestral National Historical
CADT NHI
Domain Title Institute
National Household
Comprehensive Agrarian
CARP NHTSPR Targeting System for
Reform Program
Poverty Reduction
Non-Government
CCA Climate Change Adoption NGO
Organization
National Irrigation
CCT Condition Cash Transfer NIA
Authority
Climate Change Vulnerability National Integrated
CCVA NIPAS
Assessment Protected Areas System
Cooperative Development National Irrigation
CDA NIS
Authority System
City Environment and Natural National Power
CENRO NPC
Resources Office Corporation
Canadian International
Development Agency-Local National Transmission
CIDA-LGSP NtransCo
Governance Support Corporation
Program
xxxi
Critical Incidence Stress Nephelometric Turbidity
CISD NTU
Debriefing Units
Community Health Living Overseas Filipino
CHLSS OFW
Standard Survey Workers
Comprehensive Local Office of the Provincial
CLIP OPAg
Integration Program Agriculturist
Office of the Presidential
Certificate of Land Ownership
CLOA OPAPP Adviser on Peace
Award
Process
Comprehensive Land Used
CLUP OSY Out of School Youth
Plan
Philippine Atmospheric,
City/Municipal Planning and Geophysical and
C/MPDO PAGASA
Development Office Astronomical Services
Administration
Provincial Agri-Industrial
COC Coal Operating Contracts PAIC
Center
Payapa at Masaganang
COMELEC Commission on Election PAMANA
Pamayanan
Protected Area
Community Police Assistance
ComPAC PASu-AVPL Supervisor-Allah Valley
Center
Protected Landscape
Consistent Regional
Provincial Capitol
CROWN Outstanding Winner on PCCH
Children’s Home
Nutrition
CSO Civil Society Organization PCOs Pollution Control Officers
Community Volunteer Provincial Council for the
CVO PCPC
Organization Protection of Children
Provincial Development
DA Department of Agriculture PDPFP and Physical Framework
Plan
Denounce VAWC, Advocates Provincial Disaster and
DAD-VFF and Defense for Violence PDRRMO Risk Reduction
Free Family Management Office
Provincial Government
DAO DENR Administrative Order PEMO and Management
Office
Provincial Environment
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DENR PENRO-FMS
and Natural Resources Office-Forest
Management Supervisor
DepEd Department of Education PENRO and Natural Resources
Office
Desawo Integrated Small Private Emission Testing
DISSMAI PETCs
Scale Mining Association Centers
Datu Legel Sakam Clan Provincial Governor’s
DLSCSSMA Small Scale Mining PGO-ACTM Office-Arts Culture
Association Tourism Museum
Philippine Institute of
Declaration of Mining Project
DMPF PHIVOLCS Volcanology and
Feasibility
Seismology
xxxii
Provincial/Local Planning
DOE Department of Energy PLPEM and Expenditure
Management
Provincial Mining
DOH Department of Health PMRB
Regulatory Board
Department of Labor and Philippine National
DOLE PNP
Employment Police
Philippine National
Department of Science and
DOST PNSDW Standard for Drinking
Technology
Water
DOT Department of Tourism POA Permit to Operate on Air
Department of Public Works Provincial Planning and
DPWH PPDO
and Highways Development Office
Provincial Physical
DRA Disaster Risk Assessment PPFP
Framework Plan
Philippine Rural
DRR Disaster and Risk Reduction PRDP
Development Program
Department of Social Welfare Philippine Statistics
DSWD PSA
and Development Authority
Department of Trade and Power Sector Assets and
DTI PSALM
Industries Liabilities Management
Philippine Statistics
Environmentally Constrained Authority-National
ECA PSA-NSCB
Areas Statistical Coordination
Board
Earthquake Induced Productivity Skills and
EIL PSCB
Landslide Capability Building
Environmental Management
EMB
Bureau
Environment and Natural Provincial Social Welfare
ENRO PSWDO
Resources Officers and Development Office
EPZ Export Processing Zones PWD Persons with Disabilities
Philippine Youth
Emergency Shelter
ESA PYAP Association of the
Assistance
Philippines
ESC Education Target Contracting RCY Red Cross Youth
Rapid Earthquake
EVS Education Voucher System REDAS Damage Assessment
System
Education Quality Access for
EQUALLS Leading and Livelihood Skills RHU Rural Health Units
Program
Region 12 Water Quality
FAITH Food Always In The Home RWQSR
Status Report
South Cotabato Culture
FB Farmer Beneficiaries SCCAFI
and Arts Foundation Inc.
South Cotabato Police
FMR Farm-Market Road SCPPO
Provincial Office
South Cotabato Rehab
FSIC Fire Safety Inspection SCRDC
and Detention Center
South Davao
Financial or Technical
FTAA SDDCI Development
Assistance Agreement
Corporation Inc.
xxxiii
GAD Gender and Development SEP Socio Economic Profile
GB Governing Board SEZ Special Economic Zones
Geographic Information
GIS SLF Sanitary Landfills
System
Human Immunodeficiency
HIV/AIDS Virus/Acquired Immune SLR Simple Literacy Rate
Deficiency Syndrome
Housing and Land Use
HLURB SMI Sagittarius Mines Inc.
Regulatory Board
South Cotabato,
Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat
HSA High Susceptibility Area SOCCSKSARGEN
, Sarangani, and General
Santos City
South Cotabato
Heat and Ventilation and Air
HVAC SOCOFEDWA Federation of Women
Conditioning
Association.
South Cotabato Electric
HVC High Value Crops SOCOTECO
Cooperative
Solid Waste
IE Industrial Estate SWM
Management
Indigenous Culture and
ICC TDS Total Dissolved Solids
Communities
T’boli Minahang Bayan
Information and
ICT TMBMPC Multi-Purpose
Communications Technology
Cooperative
ILP Interruptible Load Program TMC Tribe Mining Corporation
Total Suspended
IP Indigenous People TSP
Particulates
Intergovernmental Panel on
IPCC TSS Total Suspended Solids
Climate Change
Integrated Provincial Health Technical and Vocational
IPHO TVET
Office Education Training
Technical Working
IPRA Indigenous People Rights Act TWG
Group
Uhab/Maguan Small
Implementing Rules and
IRR UMSSMAI Scale Mining Association
Regulation
Inc.
Joint United Nations
LMU Land Mapping Unit UNAIDS
Program on HIV/AIDS
United Nations
Lam-asam Small Scale Educational, Scientific
LASSMAI UNESCO
Mining Association Inc. and Cultural
Organization
United States Agency
Local Economic
LED USAID for Internal
Development
Development
Violence Against
LGU Local Government Unit VAWC
Women and Children
LSA Low Susceptibility Unit VCA Value Chain Analysis
Water Treatment
LSB Local Special Bodies WTF
Facilities
Water Quality
LTO Land Transportation Office WQMA
Management Area
xxxiv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The DRR/CCA-Enhanced Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan (PDPFP) is the
primary technical guide to the development of the Province of South Cotabato specifically focusing
on the judicious utilization and allocation of physical resources especially of land to different land
using activities (e.g. agriculture, residential, industrial). As a plan, it is based on consideration of
physical planning standards, development vision, analysis of actual and potential physical conditions
of land and development constraints and opportunities. Its formulation is mandated by various
statutes foremost of which are the Local Government Code of 1991 (Art. 1, Sec. 20, c.; Art. 6, Sec.
476, (b) (1) and (b)(5)); Executive Order No. 72; Republic Act 7279 (The Urban Development and
Housing Act); and, Executive Order No. 648. As mandated by the Climate Change Act (RA 9726)
and the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act (RA 10121), disaster risk reduction and
climate change adaptation (DRR/CCA) measures are mainstreamed in the plan.
The realization of the aforementioned goals is ingrained on the plan’s objectives to:
• Derive the overall vision for the province;

• Provide the analytical basis for understanding existing conditions and identifying key development
issues, problems, opportunities, goals and objectives, and targets
• Translate the vision into implementable strategies towards the attainment of goals, objectives and
targets; and
• Guided by the vision, identify programs, projects and activities consistent with the proposed
strategies.
The PDPFP covers a period of nine (9) years (2020-2028) and considers the development
potentials and constraints of South Cotabato’s ten (10) municipalities and one (1) component city
relative to the national and regional development thrusts.
I. THE PLANNING ENVIRONMENT
A. Location, Land Area and Political Subdivision

South Cotabato is a first-class landlocked province composed of ten (10) municipalities and one
(1) city lodged in the southern part of Mindanao. It occupies a total land area of 4,152.76 square
kilometres (sq.km.) and is bounded to the north and west by the province of Sultan Kudarat and to
the east and south by General Santos City and Sarangani Province. South Cotabato is primarily an
agricultural province with majority of its land area utilized for agricultural crop production mainly of
pineapple, corn and palay.
Table 1. Political Subdivision and Land Area, South Cotabato, 2015
Municipality/City Land Area (sq.km.) Number of Barangays Distance form Koronadal (km) Income Class
Banga 240.35 22 13 1st class municipality
Koronadal City 277.00 27 - 3rd class city
Lake Sebu 891.76 14 47 1 class municipality
st
Norala 194.40 14 38 3rd class municipality

Polomolok 347.10 23 41 1st class municipality
Sto. Niňo 109.72 10 33 3rd class municipality
Surallah 311.10 17 20 1st class municipality
Tampakan 288.11 13 14 2nd class municipality
Tantangan 149.74 13 18 3rd class municipality
T’boli 1,041.61 25 38 1st class municipality
Tupi 301.87 15 22 1st class municipality
TOTAL 4,152.76 199
Source: PPDO-Land Use Workshop, 2019
xxxv
B. Bio-physical Characteristics and Resources
About 35% of the total land area of the province is hilly and mountainous while 28% is suitable
for agriculture categorized as rolling to hilly. Mt. Matutum is the province’s highest peak towering
2,286 meters above sea level. The Daguma Mountain Range forms the natural boundary between
South Cotabato and Sarangani Province while the Roxas Mountain Range separates the Upper Allah
and Koronadal Valleys.
Major rivers include the Allah River, Banga River, Marbel River and Taplan River with discharge
capacity as large as 1.5 million liters/minute. Large lakes such as Lake Sebu, Lake Lahit, Lake
Seloton and Lake Holon can also be found in the province along with eleven (11) watershed areas.
C. Population and Settlements
Population
Based on the 2015 Census of Population (NSO), South Cotabato is home to 915,289 people with
an annual population growth rate of 1.94% (2010-2015). Among the provinces in Region XII, South
Cotabato has the second largest population.
Koronadal City, the provincial capital, has the greatest number of people in 2015 with a population
of 174,942, and an annual population growth rate of 2.02%. It is followed by the town of Polomolok
which is home to 152,589 inhabitants. Total population, population density, APGR, doubling time,
number of households, annual population growth rates, doubling time and average household size
of the component city and municipalities are shown in Table 2
Table 2. Total Population, AGPR and Doubling Time by City/Municipality, South Cotabato (2015)
Table 2. Total Population, AGPR and Doublin g Tim e by City/Municipality, South Cotabato (2015)
City/Municipality Total Population % Share AGPR 2010-2015 Doubling Time

1 Banga 83,989 9.18 1.93 36
2 Koronadal City 174,942 19.11 2.02 34
3 Lake Sebu 87,442 9.55 2.80 25
4 Norala 46,642 5.10 0.88 78
5 Polomolok 152,589 16.67 1.99 35
6 Sto. Niño 40,947 4.47 0.60 115
7 Surallah 84,539 9.24 2.14 32
8 Tampakan 39,525 4.32 1.74 40
9 Tantangan 43,245 4.72 1.34 51
10 Tboli 91,453 9.99 2.93 24
Tupi 11 69,976 7.65 2.50 28
TOTAL 915,289 1.94 36
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015 Census of Population
As of 2015, 53% of the provincial population is living in urban areas and are mostly located in
Koronadal City and Polomolok based on the urban-rural population counts per barangay.
On the other hand, rural population in the province accounts for 47% of the total population.
Most of these are from the areas where the people are mostly engaged in agricultural activities. This
xxxvi
indicates that the province is clearly urbanizing, with more rural population migrating to urban centers
and absorbed in the industrial and service sectors.
Table 3.Total Population and Estimated Urban-Rural Population by City/Municipality

Total
City/Municipality URBAN % RURAL %
Population
1 Banga 83,989 45,412 54 38,577 46
2 City of Koronadal 174,942 136,775 78 38,167 22
3 Lake Sebu 87,442 42,822 49 44,620 51
4 Norala 46,642 12,592 27 34,050 73
5 Polomolok 152,589 102,298 67 50,291 33
6 Sto. Niño 40,947 10,149 25 30,798 75
7 Surallah 84,539 45,971 54 38,568 46
8 Tampakan 39,525 12,987 33 26,538 67
9 Tantangan 43,245 8,040 19 35,205 81
10 Tboli 91,453 37,284 41 54,169 59
11 Tupi 69,976 33,720 48 36,256 52
TOTAL 915,289 488,050 53 427,239 47
Male population account for 51.2% while females comprise 48.8% of the total population in 2015.
It is observed that starting the age bracket of 60-64, there is a significant shift in the sex ratio
where females start to outnumber males at a ratio of 92, and ending with 58 males for every 100
females at age 80 and above.
Figure1. Age-Sex Pyramid of Household Population, South Cotabato (2015)
17
80 and
16
75 - 79
15
70 - 74
14
65 - 69
13
60 - 64
12
55 - 59
11
50 - 54
10
45 - 49
9
40 - 44
8
35 - 39
30 - 34 7
6
25 - 30
5
20 - 24
4
15 - 19
10 - 14 3
5-9 2
0- 4 1
80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 20,000 40,000 60,000

MALE FEMALE
Source: PPDO (based on 2015 Census of Population)
xxxvii
Existing Settlement Pattern
The hierarchy of settlements reflects the pattern or form in which settlements are laid out in the
provincial landscape.
All LGUs in the province play crucial roles in support of the agro-industrial and eco-cultural
tourism development thrusts of South Cotabato. Under the 2014-2019 PDPFP, the roles of
city/municipalities are based on their strengths and capacities to support provincial development.
Their roles complement each other and when enjoined and supported, the economic growth of the
city/municipalities shall bring to fruition the vision of the province to be a premier agro-industrial and
tourism hub in the region.
The existing hierarchy of settlements is the result of the settlement pattern analysis conducted
through data analysis, workshops and consultations using the following parameters and selected
indicators per parameter: Demography and Spatial Distribution, Competitiveness (Economic
Indicators), Livability (Social Indicators), and Governance (Institutional Indicators). The selected
indicators per parameter were combined, compared and analyzed, the result of which shows the
settlement pattern of city/municipalities in the province. City/municipalities are categorized into five
(5) levels of hierarchy: Primary Urban Center, Alternate Urban Center, Minor Urban Center,
Emerging Urban Center (Agricultural-Industrial Development), and Emerging Urban Center
(Agri-Industry-Tourism Development}.
Table 4. Existing Hierarchy of Settlements and Functional Roles of City/Municipalities, 2018
Levels of Hierarchy Functional Roles City/Municipality
• Provincial and Regional Administrative capital or seat of

governance
• Institutional Center
Primary Urban Koronadal
• Large shopping centers
Center Polomolok
• Higher-end/Specialized Urban Services Center: Trade,
Commerce, Financial, Health, Education, Residential
• Agro-processing and Industrial Development
• Provincial Agri-Industrial Centers (PAIC)/Special Economic
Alternate Urban Zones
Surallah
Center • Secondary level urban services and functions as commerce
and trade, finance, health and education
• Expansion area for urban growth Tupi
Minor Urban Center • Large plantations/production area for commercial crops Banga
• Tourism support facilities
Emerging Urban
• Vast rice, fruit crops and vegetable production Tantangan
Center (Agricultural
area/trading/processing center Norala
–Industrial
• Expansion area for commercial crops production/trading Sto. Niño
Development)
Emerging Urban
• Tourism/Inland Fishery Lake Sebu
Center (Agri-
• Corn and commercial crops production Tboli
Industry-Tourism
• Mining industry potential Tampakan
Development)
Source: PPDO, 2018
xxxviii
D. Economy
Agro-industrial center in the southern part of SOCCSKSARGEN is the regional role of South
Cotabato, especially in terms of processing of high-value crops like pineapple, banana and the prime
agricultural producer of rice, corn and other food crops.
Despite the pandemic, the business and investment climate in the province was not directly
affected. The proactive program of the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) has resulted to an
influx of businessmen to renew or get their business permits. The data on the number of new
businesses shows an increase of 17% in the first half of 2020.
South Cotabato is also an emerging eco-tourism capital of the region. The municipality of Tboli
has shown tremendous improvement being recognized as an eco-cultural tourism destination gifted
not only with gold reserve, a colorful and well-preserved culture, but also with tourist attractions like
the majestic Lake Holon, Bakngeb River Cave and Hidak Falls to name a few. It has paved way to
various eco-tourism activities like hiking and trekking. Aside from that, the flower plantations in the
Municipality of Tupi became an emerging attraction drawing in foreign and local tourists.
The services sector is also dominantly growing with many local people employed in government
service, private commercial establishments, financial and personal services, or in the retail industry.
Just like the rest of the country, remittances from Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) also induce the
local economy with new sources of capital invested or spent in the province.
E. Income, Employment, Poverty and Access to Social Services

Poverty incidence among families in South Cotabato reflects a rate of 26.1% in 2006, 25.7% in
2009 and increased to 25.80% in 2012 though very minimal at 0.10% but managed to decrease to
19.80% in 2015 at 6%. The decrease in poverty incidence may be attributed to many different factors
considering that poverty is a complex socio-economic phenomenon with indicators from social to
economic aspects. One probable contributory factor to the increasing poverty incidence in the
province is the decline in labor participation rate, which is placed at 1.90% in 2012.
Comparing the full year data of poverty incidence in 2015 and 2018, a significant decrease of
4.6% in poverty rate indicates a positive improvement in the local economy of the province. South
Cotabato is way too far to reach the national poverty incidence rate at 17.9% in 2015 and 12.1% in
2018, but it has significantly surpassed the 30.5% (2015) and 22.3% (2018) regional poverty
incidence rate to 18.3% in 2015 and 13.7% in 2018 (Table 2.5.7) placing South Cotabato always at
the bottom five (5), or the least poor province.
Table 5. Comparative Poverty Incidence (%) Among Families, South Cotabato, 2015 and 2018
2015 2018
2006 2009 2012 2015
(Full Year) (Full Year)
26.1 25.7 25.8 19.8 18.3 13.7
Source: PSA, 2018
xxxix
Figure 2. Poverty Incidence Among Poor Families in South Cotabato, 2009, 2012, 2015 , 2018
2018 13.70%
2015 18.30%
2012 25.80%
2009 25.70%
Source: PSA XII, 2018
F. Technical Infrastructure and Utilities
Transportation, Access and Circulation

As of 2018, South Cotabato has registered a total road length of 4,123.155 kilometers. This is
composed of 228.34 kilometers of national road, 694.201 kilometers of provincial road, 438.80
kilometers of city/municipal road, and 2,761.814 kilometers of barangay road.
Water
About 95.63% of the 209,958 total households of the province have access to Level I, II and III
water facilities. Around 38.36% of households is served by water districts through individual
household connection (Level III); about 20.71% is served by communal water systems (Level II);
while almost 36.55% get their water from direct sources such as springs, shallow deep wells and
open dug wells (Level I). Some households in the rural areas draw water from other sources such
as rivers, streams, lakes and collector containers.
Power
The province attained 100% energization of its barangays since 2014, where 191 barangays were
directly connected to the distribution power lines of the two electric cooperatives, and only one (1)
barangay was off-grid or installed with solar panel energy. This off-grid barangay is Brgy. Mongokayo
in Tboli, which has a total of 712 potential household beneficiaries. While all barangays were already
reached by electricity, however, not all households have been energized. In 2018, the province’s
household energization level stood at 74.43%, wherein only 167,087 out of 237,500 total households
were energized. The remaining 26% of the total number of households, mostly residing in remote
sitios and communities, have not been energized. The household energization rate increased by
almost 12% from 62.58% in 2014 to 74.43% in 2018. The percentage of houses connected to
electricity compared to the total number of registered members with SOCOTECO-I and SOCOTECO-
II is 56.41%. It increased by 9% from 47.39% in 2014.
Information and Communications Technology Infrastructure

The total number of internet subscribers as of 2018 is 2,823 with Koronadal City recording the
most number of subscribers at 1,054 subscribers or 37.34% of the total subscribers in the province.
It was then followed by Surallah with 436 subscribers (15.44%) and Banga with 314 subscribers
(11.12%). The lowest number of internet subscribers is noted in Lake Sebu with only 52 subscribers
or 1.84% of the total number of subscribers.
xl
In terms of cable TV industry, there are three (3) service providers in the province: Marbel
Services and Television System, Inc. (MSTSI) (Marbel Cable), JVL Cable TV (Marbel and Surallah)
and Sky Cable (General Santos). As of 2018, total cable TV subscribers in the province significantly
reduced to 2,784 subscribers from the 4,244 subscribers in 2017. Most of these subscribers are from
Koronadal City with 1,553 subscribers, followed by Surallah with 508 subscribers. For the last 5
years, the number of cable TV subscribers has been decreasing.
G. Natural Resources and Environment Management
Watersheds, Protected Areas and Wildlife

The province has several watersheds, consisting of both proclaimed and unproclaimed areas.
Of the eleven (11) identified watersheds five (5) are proclaimed where three (3) even go beyond the
territorial jurisdiction of South Cotabato: Kabulnan Watershed Forest Reserve, Allah Valley Protected
Landscape (AVPL), and Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape (MMPL).
The watershed areas in South Cotabato alone cover an approximate areaof273,583.79hectares

encompassing eleven (11) watersheds (Map 2.7.1).The province has the smallest area share in
Buayan River Watershed with only 2% of the total area located in Tupi. There are six (6) unproclaimed
watersheds classified as Non-NIPAS protected areas: three (3) are located entirely in South
Cotabato(i.e. Marbel Watershed, Banga Watershed and Tantangan Watershed) while the other three
(3) extend to the neighboring Sarangani Province, General Santos City and Sultan Kudarat
Province(i.e. Silway-Klinan River Watershed, Buayan River Watershed and Alip-Dalul River
Watershed).
Only Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape is included in the Expanded NIPAS Act of 2018. The
recent total area of MMPL as cited in the law was reduced to 13,947 hectares from14,773 hectares
encompassing the provinces of South Cotabato and Sarangani.
Table 6. Watershed Areas, South Cotabato and Neighboring Areas
TOTAL
AREA-SO.COT
No. NAME LOCATION CATEGORY AREA
ONLY
(has.)
Allah Valley Watershed Initial Component
Forest Reserve (Allah Surallah, Lake Sebu and Tboli, So. of ENIPAS
1 102,350 100,090
Valley Protected Cot.; Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat Proclaimed under
Landscape) PP2455,09/24/1985
*Mt. Matutum Protected Tupi, Polomolok, Tampakan, ENIPAS 13,947.56
2 11,238.69
Landscape So. Cot.; Malungon, Sarangani (PP552,3/20/1995)
Banga Watershed
3 Banga and Norala, So. Cotabato Unproclaimed 32,925 32,925
Koronadal City, Tupi,
Marbel- Tampakan&Tantangan, in S.C.; Unproclaimed/Prop
(UNDER
4 BuluanWatershed Tacurong City, Pres. Quirino & osed/Advocated by 131,264
SURVEY)
Lutayan in S.K.; and, Buluan & CENRO of KC
Mangudadatu in Maguindanao
Tantangan, Koronadal City, South
5 Tantangan Watershed Unproclaimed 234 234
Cotabato
Silway-Klinan River Tboli, Polomolok, Tupi, South
6 Unproclaimed 56,280 49,659
Watershed Cotabato; Gen. Santos City
Buayan River Tupi, South Cotabato; Malungon and
Watershed Alabel, Sarangani; Gen. Santos City
xli
TOTAL
AREA-SO.COT
No. NAME LOCATION CATEGORY AREA
ONLY
(has.)
Alip-Dalul River Tampakan, Koronadal City, So. Cot.; Unproclaimed
8 29,523 1,221
Watershed Columbio, Sultan Kudarat
Initial Component
Kabulnan Watershed Lake Sebu, South Cot; Sultan of ENIPAS
9 116,451.83 7,862
Forest Reserve Kudarat Proclaimed under
PP241,2/08/00
Initial Component
Lake Sebu Watershed of ENIPAS
10 Lake Sebu, South Cotabato 9,900 9,900
Forest Reserve Proclaimed under
PP65,8/04/1966
Koronadal Watershed Proclaimed under
11 Koronadal City, So. Cotabato 1,137.29 1,137.29
Forest Reserve PP607,6/23/1991
TOTAL 561,260.62 273,583.79
Source: DENR-PENRO, 2018
Solid Waste
In 2018, the province had generated a total of 980,195.39 tons of solid waste per day. Agro-
Industrial wastes scored the highest with 669,278.30 tons a day.
With this waste production, Koronadal City and five (5) municipalities (Tantangan, Polomolok,
Lake Sebu, Tboli, Surallah) have permanent Environment and Natural Resources Officers (ENROs)
who are responsible for proper waste management. The other remaining five (5) municipalities (Tupi,
Tampakan, Banga, Sto. Niño, Norala) have only temporary or designated ENROs.
South Cotabato’s two (2) SLFs are both functional and accept wastes from the clustered
municipalities (Table 2.7.12). Table 2.7.13 below describes the assessment and evaluation
conducted by DENR-EMB Region XII in 2017 on the status of disposal facilities in South Cotabato.
Mining Operations and Mining Areas of the Province
South Cotabato is rich with mineral resources especially in the mountainous areas of the
municipalities of Tampakan and Tboli where gold, silver and/or copper deposits are found. Gold,
Silver, Copper and Iron are the four (4) major metallic mineral resources that can be found in the
province.
The province has three (3) Large Scale or Corporate Mining Operators : (1) Sagittarius Mines,
Inc. (SMI), (2) Tribal Mining Corporation (TMC), and (3) South Davao Development Corporation, Inc.
(SDDCI). Among the three (3), SMI covers the largest mining area with 23,571 hectares
encompassing the territories of South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Davao del Sur and Sarangani.
There are seven (7) organized small-scale mining operators in the province issued with small
scale mining permits/contracts (Table 2.7.25), namely: (1) Maguan Clan Small Scale Mining
Association Inc.(MCSSMAI),(2) Tboli Minahang Bayan Multi-Purpose Cooperative (TMBMPC), (3)
Datu Legel Sakam Clan Small Scale Mining Association, Inc.(DLSCSSMA), (4) Tolik/Fagalas Clan
Small Scale Mining Association, Inc., (5) Uhab/Maguan Small Scale Mining Association, Inc.
(UMSSMAI), (6) Desawo Integrated Small Scale Mining Association, Inc. (DISSMAI), and (7) Lam-
Asam Small Scale Mining Association, Inc. (LASSMAI). These small-scale mining operations are
located in barangays Kematu and Desawo in Tboli.
xlii
H. Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation (DRR/CCA)
South Cotabato is experiencing hazards pertaining to hydro-meteorological, geologic, and climate
change-related events. Data evidently manifests that the province is vulnerable to flood, rain-induced
landslides and tornado (hydrometeorologic); earthquake, earthquake-induced landslide, liquefaction
and volcanic hazard (geologic); and drought, temperature increase, rainfall change (climate change-
related).
As an overall climate change projection, South Cotabato is going to be warmer (temperature

increase), and at the same time, drier (rainfall change), with the immense eventuality of experiencing
droughts during the next 20 or 50 years from the baseline (2000).1
II. EXISTING LAND USE AND PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK
South Cotabato’s total land area is 4,152.76 square kilometers, composed mostly of protected
landscapes and areas utilized for agricultural production. The province comprises 21.31% of the
entire SOCCSKSARGEN Region of P19,482.27 sq.km.
Under the SOCCSKSARGEN Regional Development Plan (2017-2022), South Cotabato is identified as
the Agro-industrial Center in the Southern Part of Region XII – processing high value crops like pineapple,
banana and the prime agricultural producer of rice, corn and other food crops. Its component city, Koronadal
City, is identified as the Administrative Center of the SOCCSKSARGEN Region and shall position itself as the
region’s convention hub. Koronadal, as the seat of governance of both the province and the region, shall also
primarily provide commercial/trading, education and residential support services for the region. Surallah and
Polomolok are identified as the center for agri-industrial processing for high value crops and fruits, and the
provincial market and distribution center.
Existing and Proposed Functional Roles

The proposed functional roles considered the changes in the development direction of the
component LGUs, the new issues and challenges they face, and the adoption of the integrated rural-
urban approach in the spatial development of the province. Each municipality/city has its own
proposed functional role based on their respective strengths and potential contributions to provincial
development. The roles complement each other and when enjoined and supported, the economic
growth of the city/municipalities shall bring to fruition the vision of the province to be a premier agro-
industrial and tourism hub of the region.
Table 7. Existing Hierarchy of Settlements and Functional Roles of City/Municipalities, 2018

2018 Hierarchy 2028 Hierarchy
Levels of Hierarchy Functional Roles
of Centers of Centers
• Provincial Capital and Regional Administrative Center
• Primary Urban Services Center for Commerce and
Primary Urban Center Koronadal Koronadal
Trade, Financial, Health, Education, Housing, Tourism
Support and Transportation
xliii
• Major Alternate Urban Services Center (Agro-
processing, Manufacturing and Industrial
Polomolok
Development, Suburban Residential Development)
• Pineapple Production Center
Major Urban Center • Secondary Tourism Hub
• Major Alternate Urban Services Center (Commerce
and Trade, Tourism Support)
Surallah
• Provincial Agri-Industrial Center (PAIC)
• Secondary Agro-processing Hub
Alternate Urban Center Polomolok
• Expansion Area for Urban Growth and Commercial
Banga Crops Production (Corn, Abaca)
• Secondary Agro-industrial Development Hub
• Tourism Support Hub
• Minor Urban Services Center (Agri-trading and
Minor Urban Center
Processing)
• Regional Agro-industrial Hub
Tupi
• Flower, Fruit and Vegetable Basket
• Papaya Production Center
• Secondary Tourism Hub
Intermediate Urban Banga Tantangan Crops Production (Mango)
Center Tupi • Secondary Agro-industrial Development Hub
• Pottery / Ceramics Production Center
• Primary Eco-cultural Tourism Hub
• Commercial Crops Production Center (Banana,
Tboli
Abaca)
• Mining Development Area
• Commercial Crops Production Center
Tampakan • Mining Development Area
Emerging Urban Center
Norala • Rice Granary
(Agri-Industrial
Sto. Niño • Expansion Area for Commercial Crops Production
Development)
Emerging Urban Center • Primary Eco-cultural Tourism Hub
Lake Sebu
(Agri-Industry and • Inland Fishery Center
Tourism Development) • Mining Industry Potential
Satellite Centers A Tantangan
(Agri-Industrial Norala
Development) Sto. Niño
Satellite Centers B Lake Sebu
(Agri-Industry and Tboli
Tourism Development) Tampakan
Existing Land Use
The overall existing land use of South Cotabato shows the current trend of land development as
allocated into four (4) broad competing uses. Among the four (4) land use policy areas, production
land uses, dominantly agriculture and agro-industries, occupy the largest share at 56.72% of the total
provincial land area. This is followed by protection land use with 38.86% of the total land area. The
vast NIPAS proclaimed areas, forests and critical watersheds largely comprise the protection areas.
Settlement and infrastructure developments, which together form part of the built-up zone, only
comprise around 4.41% of the total provincial land. While the province may seem to have adequate
xliv
land resource for urban expansion, it must be noted that available areas are constrained by the land’s
susceptibility to natural hazards as well as by the need to delineate critical areas to be protected and
preserved in their current state or use for their economic or ecological value.
Table 8. Existing Land Use Categories by Area (sq.km.) per City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
MUNICIPALITY/
Production % Protection % Settlements % Infra % TOTAL
CITY
Banga 161.58 67.23 64.95 27.0 10.77 4.48 3.0543 1.27 240.35
16.507
Koronadal 142.44 51.42 84.45 30.4 33.60 12.13 5.96 277.00
8
Lake Sebu 345.85 38.78 534.67 59.96 9.13 1.02 2.11 0.24 891.76
Norala 170.03 87.46 17.4 8.95 3.81 1.96 3.1606 1.63 194.40
Polomolok 260.48 75.04 67.67 19.50 10.35 2.98 8.6004 2.48 347.10
Sto. Niño 96.18 87.66 4.17 3.80 4.99 4.55 4.3796 3.99 109.72
Surallah 156.85 50.42 131.15 42.16 11.62 3.74 11.481 3.69 311.10
Tampakan 91.8 31.86 185.1 64.25 7.43 2.58 3.78 1.31 288.11
Tantangan 94.28 62.9 40.04 26.74 11.47 7.66 3.95 2.64 149.74
63.25
Tboli 658.81 371 35.62 8.30 0.80 3.50 0.34 1041.61
%
Tupi 177.32 58.74 113.28 37.53 7.73 2.56 3.5405 1.17 301.87
64.064
TOTAL 2,355.62 56.72 1,613.88 38.86 119.20 2.87 1.54 4,152.76
2
III. THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK AND LAND USE PLAN

A. The Vision-Mission
Vision Statement
A Caring, Resilient, Ecologically-balanced, Highly-responsive, Functionally Integrated and
Equitably Growing Agro-industrial and Tourism Hub by 2028
Mission Statement
Promote participatory, transparent and accountable governance in building livable and safe
human settlements
B. Spatial Development Framework
Development Thrust: Sustainable Integrated Rural-Urban Development (SIRUD)
Inequality of growth across settlements has become a major development challenge for most
developing countries. Disparities are manifested in the concentration of development in one or a few
urban centers, and the failure of such growth to spread or trickle down in the peripheral backward
areas.
Previous development strategies focus only on either urban development or rural development
that leads to an imbalanced development and inequitable distribution of wealth. Prioritizing urban
development or urban bias has led to rapid urbanization and resource concentration in the urban
centers, thereby, resulting in economic polarization where rural areas lag behind and growth disparity
becomes wider. On the other hand, focusing resources on rural development has led to slower
economic development and social changes. Generation of new economic activities is limited and
xlv
efficiency in the provision of services is low. This characterizes the urban-rural divide in regional
development.
SIRUD as an overall development thrust for the province adopts the following regional
development approaches to planning and development:
• Urban-Rural Interface (urban plus rural, rather than urban versus rural); and
• Planning the province as a Micro-region where it is viewed as a cluster of settlements smaller

than a region with high regard for the varying degrees of strengths and economic specializations
of its component territories.
Strategic Priorities
To achieve polarization reversal through Sustainable Integrated Rural-Urban Development,

three (3) sectoral priorities are found to be the most effective sectors to trigger economic
interdependencies between the urban and rural areas, hence, decreasing economic imbalance in the
province. These are agriculture, industrialization and tourism.
SIRUD aims to maximize the benefits of each of the individual development priority or a
combination of these strategic priorities:
• Agriculture Development
• Industrial Development
• Tourism Development
• Agro-Industrial Development
• Agro-Tourism Development
• Industrial Tourism Development
Spatial Development Strategy
The thrust for a Sustainable Integrated Rural-Urban Development shall be realized with the
adoption of decentralized concentration as the provincial spatial strategy, characterized by the
development of growth clusters, tourism beltways, and hierarchy of urban-rural settlements.
The identification of spatial strategy entails plotting in space the preferred development thrust
(SIRUD) and strategic priorities (Agriculture, Industry, Tourism)in order to locate where these are
going to be implemented that would result in the desired spatial structure and settlement form for
South Cotabato.
Decentralized concentration through cluster development in the perspective of “micro-regions”

show great potentials in bridging the rural-urban divide.
Overall Spatial Framework
After the identification of the preferred development thrust, strategic priorities and spatial
strategy, the overall development concept shall be located in space by transforming it into an overall
spatial development framework. The visual presentation of the overall physical framework is called
the spatial diagram or structure plan
xlvi
With the envisioned emergence of South Cotabato as a premier agri-industrial and ecotourism
hub, the overall spatial development framework is characterized by the development of three (3)
Growth Clusters and two (2) Tourism Beltways, and delineation of Green Infrastructure
Network.
a. Green Infrastructure Network

Driving growth with ecological integrity and resilience, a green infrastructure network – or an
interconnected network of protected land and water that supports native species, maintain natural
ecological processes, sustains air and water resources, and contributes to the health and quality of
life for communities and people – is delineated to be protected to serve as the province’s life support
system. The network is characterized by an inter-connected system of watersheds, green open
spaces and critical unbuilt forms. The green network includes all watersheds, rivers and their
tributaries and easements, all forms of water bodies, public parks and open spaces, and all unbuilt
spaces that serve as important buffers between different land uses. As a principle, green
infrastructure planning should be the first step in land use planning. It should be integrated with
planning for the "gray" infrastructure – roads, sewers, water lines, and other essential systems.
b. Growth Cluster Development

Inter-local clustering of the component LGUs is plotted to further encourage the equitable
development of urban and rural centers, and achieve the rational distribution of population.
The clustering of the component municipalities into thee (3) growth clusters primarily considered
the following: (a) geographical proximity and physical linkages, (b) existence of common economic
base and strong economic linkages, (c) similarity of growth potentials in terms of competitive and
comparative advantages, and (d) complementarity of functional roles.
Koronadal City, being the provincial capital, shall be the consolidation node for the trading and
marketing of agricultural products coming from the three growth clusters.
Norala-Sto. Niño-Tantangan Rice Growth Cluster
The municipalities in this cluster are Norala, Sto. Niño and Tantangan. These municipalities are
rice producing areas.Norala and Sto. Niño are together considered the Rice Granary of the province
being constantly in the top 2 spots in rice production. Tantangan is the third major producer of rice,
in addition to being the primary producer of mango in the province. The major projects that shall be
promoted in this cluster are processing centers of rice as well as its scientific research, and
development of farm implements that will boost rice production and processing.Agriculture-support
infrastructure such as opening/upgrading of farm-to-market roads (FMRs) and construction of
irrigation facilities must be prioritized in these areas.
Lake Sebu-Banga-Surallah Corn Agribusiness Growth Cluster
The contiguous towns of Lake Sebu, Banga and Surallah are the top three (3) producers of
corn in the province. Lake Sebu and Banga will primarily focus on corn growing, and production
of souvenir products made of corn parts to support tourism development. Other than the production
of corn, Surallah will also invest in agricultural support facilities for the processing of corn products.
The major industries that shall be promoted in this clusterare processing centers of corn as well as
its scientific research, and development of farm implements that will boost corn production.
xlvii
Polomolok-Tupi-Tboli-Tampakan High Value Crops Growth Cluster
High value crops as pineapple, papaya, banana, coffee and cacao grow abundantly in the
municipalities of Tboli, Polomolok, Tupi and Tampakan. The primary growth node in this cluster is
Polomolok being the major producer of pineapple and asparagus, in addition to being the agro-
processing and agro-industrial center for the products in this cluster. However, while these towns are
geographically contiguous in space, physical integration in these localities is still weak. There is a
need to improve connectivity of the remote town of Tboli to Polomolok and Gen. Santos City for
faster, easier and more convenient transport of high value products to trading centers and to the
international seaport and airport. The major industries that shall be promoted in this clusterare large
plantations and processing centers of HVCs, as well as flower industry.
c. Tourism Beltway
The beltway envisions a tourism circuit wherein every town offers a unique and complete touring
experience for visitors – from nature, culture, agriculture, adventure to urban tourism. The tourism
beltway is composed of the primary and secondary tourism circuits that will more effectively provide
a complete tourism experience with the improvement of physical linkage through the opening of
important road networks.
The beltway development will involve the establishment of appropriate ecotourism centers,
tourism support facilities, agro-tourismattractions, among others.
Primary Tourism Beltway
This beltway will be the growth node for eco-cultural and industrial tourism,showcasing the
province’s rich cultural heritage, nature’s bounty and vibrant economic potentials. The
city/municipalities along this beltway have abundant natural, adventure, cultural and urban tourism
attractions: Lake Sebu, Tboli, Polomolok, Tupi, Tampakan and Koronadal City. Koronadal Citywill
provide the urban tourism needs of tourists for shopping, accommodation, transportation, dining and
nightlife.
Secondary Tourism Beltway
This beltway will be the growth node for agro-tourism, showcasing the province’s best practices
on agriculture. Towns in this beltway also offer tourism support facilities as roadside dining and
resorts. The municipalities along this beltway are Tantangan, Norala, Sto. Niño, Banga and Surallah.
d. Physical and Functional Integration of Growth Clusters and Tourism Beltways
In a rural-urban interface strategy, increased connectivity and accessibility to integrateurban and

rural functions is of utmost importance.
To effect the physical and functional integration of the growth clusters and beltways, appropriate
road network development will be provided at strategic areas in the province to support the overall
xlviii
physical framework such as the opening/development of Tantangan-Norala Road that will shorten
travel time from Norala to Koronadal City and opening/development of Tupi-Tboli Road which would
speed up transport of agri-crops to processing centers in Polomolok and General Santos City. The
opening and improvement of the following bypass and local roads necessary to support urban-rural
integration are already on-going:
a) Tupi-Malungon (Malandag), Road

b) Lake Sebu-Maitum Road
c) Surallah-Tboli-Gen. Santos Bypass Road
d) Banga-TupiBypass Road
e) Banga-Tboli-Tupi Road
f) Lake Sebu-Tboli Road
g) Tantangan-Koronadal Bypass Road
h) Tantangan-Norala Road
Essential transport support systems, telecommunication networks, water supply and power
supply shall also be constructed or improved to facilitate efficient and effective linkage of areas within
the growth clusters, or among the growth clusters, or of the province to other areas in the region.
e. Settlement Pattern and Competitive Advantages
The proposed hierarchy of settlements reflecting a decentralized concentration strategy is also

reflected in the structure plan. The analysis of the province’s competitive and comparative
advantages has become an important consideration for classifying the hierarchy of settlements and
delineating the three (3) growth clusters.
Table 9. Major Land Use Issues and Corresponding Land Use Strategies and Policy Framework
SPATIAL ISSUES LAND USE POLICIES
1. Degradation and Declining Biodiversity
of Protection Areas due to Human 1. The following shall guide the land uses according to the standard slope
Encroachment and Economic Activities ranges and elevation (Forestry Code - PD 705):
a) Population pressure on forest lands Alienable and Disposable:
• 18% and below: Settlements, Infrastructure and Production
b) Overexploitation and Illegal Utilization
(Agriculture/Industrial/ Commercial) Areas
of Forest Products Forest Lands:
c) Conflicting national and local • 18-50%: Production Forest
environment management policies • 50% and Above Slope and Above 1000masl elevation: Protection
(e.g. mining laws and provincial Forest (Strict Protection Zones)
environment code) 2. Regain protection and production forests; production forests must be
d) Conflicting land use and land use utilized for agro-forestry and other forest uses.
policies 3. Protected areas (NIPAS and Non-NIPAS areas must be strictly
delineated and protected by establishing Biodiversity Corridors.
e) Presence of mining activities in 4. Adopt Ridge-to-Reef andWatersheds Approach to planning and
important watersheds and protected development.Strengthen the management of existing watershed
areas management alliances such as the Allah Valley Landscape Development
f) Weak legal support for the Alliance (AVLDA) and support the formation of new Watershed or Sub-
management of AVPL as protected watershed Management Alliances.
landscape (not declared as protected 5. There must be a Protected Area Management Zoning for each of the
NIPAS protected area and LGU-declared protected areas. Zone
area under the eNIPAS
xlix
g) Fragmented management of establishment and management planning may be based on the following
watersheds, protected areas and protected area zones:
wildlife habitats a. Strict Protection Zone
b. Sustainable Use Zone
c. Restoration Zone
d. Habitat Management Zone
e. Multiple Use Zone
f. Buffer Zone
g. Cultural Zone
h. Recreational Zone
i. Special Use Zone
j. Other Management Zones
6. Delineate and establish the province’s Green Infrastructure Network or
network of green spaces such as watersheds, central parks, pocket
parks and neighborhood parks, rivers and tributaries, and easements of
inland water bodies.
7. In forest lands, mining and other resource extraction activities must only
be allowed within the production forest zones (areas with less than 50%
slope and 1000 masl elevation) but shall be prohibited in NIPAS-
declared areas. Open Pit Mining shall continue to be prohibited in the
Province of South Cotabato pursuant to the Provincial Environment
Code.
8. Work for the inclusion of the Allah Valley Forest Reserve as a protected
landscape under the eNIPAS.
1. Delineate SAFDZ areas and conserve as protected croplands
2. Identify strategic area for food processing and marketing that will be
2. Threats to Food Security, Low
developed into a regional agri-hub / integrated food terminal.
Agricultural Productivity and Low Value
of Agricultural Products 3. Produce healthy and adequate food for present and future generations
a) Rapid conversion and reclassification by increasing production yield, enhancing agricultural biodiversity &
of agricultural areas into settlements protecting irrigated croplands (ensuring food security).
and other production areas 4. Promote agro-tourism as local economic development strategy of LGUs
(commercial, industrial) along the secondary tourism beltway.
b) Inadequate consolidation, processing 5. Minimize population pressure on prime agricultural lands by promoting
and marketing hubs for agricultural
Vertical Urbanism & Urban In-filling while creating new concentrations
products with provincial and regional
scope or importance or compact intermediate centers.
6. Impose height regulations along major arteries to encourage
compact/vertical growth.
3. Growing urban management and land
use issues such as pollution, health 1. Implement decentralization/ deconcentration spatial strategy for a
hazards, amorphic sprawl and urban rational distribution of population and economic opportunities through
blight due to rapid urbanization and the development of new growth centers focused on providing
congestion of people in some urban opportunities to intermediate townssupported by good infrastructure
centers and transport support (bypass and loop/circumferential roads).
a) Amorphic sprawl of pockets of 2. Regulate unplanned sprawl of urban areas by establishing greenbelts
settlements and scattered around settlements. Greenbelts could be bodies of water, landscaped
development parks/gardens, or any forms of vegetation that will serve as buffer
b) Poor physical and urban zones such as protected agricultural areas, forest and fruit trees.
development planning of LGUs 3. Develop urban plans and designs for city/town centers, esp. of the
c) Deteriorating urban environment streetscapes; Regulate and control the location and spatial design of
streetscapes and street activities.
due to pollution
l
d) Inadequate and Unpreserved Open 4. Integrate relevant urban development concepts as height regulations,
Spaces or Green Areas increased floor area ratios, pedestrian malls and urban greening and
e) Destruction of viewsheds in open space development in Zoning Ordinances.
leading tourism sites (Lake Sebu) 5. Promote Smart Growth through vertical and green urbanism,
due to proliferation of structures transit-oriented development & the development of walkable,
livable, safe, green cities/towns.
along the highway obstructing lake
6. Adopt atree per person ratio (TPPR) for green or open spaces in
view urban areas.
f) Poor quality of public open spaces 7. Promote Green Urbanism through Urban Forestry and Urban
(parks, road right-of-way, lack of Agriculture.
setbacks and spaces for parking 8. Urban greening and roadside beautification must be promoted
and loading/unloading) province-wide.
g) Weak Implementation of Building 9. Support the establishment of provincial, C/MLGU or clustered Sanitary
Landfills, Wastewater Treatment Facilities, Hospital Waste
Code, Zoning Ordinances, Housing
Facilities, Septage Treatment Facilities.
and Other Land Use and Urban 10. Clearly delineate areas for public parks, buffer zones, easements,
Development Standards (e.g. setbacks and other public open spaces. Neighborhood and pocket
Unregulated Use of Public Spaces parksmust be developed at the barangays and strategic población
by Private Businesses as Malls areas/urban centers.
and Food Chains) 11. Acquire/Preserve important public open spaces to be developed as
h) Increasing shelter needs due to Parks & Pedestrian Malls.
12. Adopt “Viewshed Management” approach in Lake Sebu and other
backlog, population growth, areas with high quality and high ecological value landscapes to protect
houses located in ECAs and few the Visual Corridor from destructive structures and economic
affordable housing options activities.
13. As an eco-cultural tourism center, include Cultural Heritage
Protection Zone as overlay zone in the CLUPs of component LGUs
especially in Lake Sebu, Tboli and Polomolok to maintain the
architectural character of these places.
14. Reclaim easements along the lakes in Lake Sebu; regulate structure
design and height; and clear of structures / obstructions.
15. Ensure the completion of the revision/updating and approval of CLUPs
and Zoning Ordinances of the 11 LGUs.
16. Strengthen monitoring of land use plans and compliance to Zoning
Ordinances and other environmental laws (Creation of MMT-LEPIC at
the city/municipal levels).
17. Enforce and monitor compliance to housing and urban development
standards, Building Code, Zoning Ordinances.
18. Coordinate formulation/Updating of Local Shelter Plans of C/MLGUs.
19. Promote the location of sub-urban housing subdivisions in the
neighboring towns of Koronadal City for workers/employees such as in
Tantangan, Tupi and Banga.
20. Create Local Urban Development and Housing Offices at
C/MLGUs.
4. Increasing demand for quality and 1. Upgrade all remaining earth and gravel provincial roads into concrete
resilient infrastructure to support the roads.
economic and social needs of the 2. Upgrade/improve Farm-to-Market roads. Identify and prioritize proposed
road networks for upgrading to connect production areas to
growing population
processing and marketing centers.
a) Low percentage of 3. Identify bypass and diversion roads especially at peri-urban areas for
concreted/upgraded provincial opening or upgrading to reduce volume of vehicles passing through the
roads (about 30% concreted) to main thoroughfares of urban centers.
li
support economic productivity and 4. Formulate Transport and Traffic Management Plans, enact traffic
strengthen industry production laws, install traffic mgt. infrastructures and traffic signages and devises to
and marketing link, and increase regulate traffic flow and ensure safety of commuters and pedestrians.
5. Provide spaces and infrastructure support for “Free Public Wifi” Project
access to social services
of DICT and UNDP.
b) Inadequate sources of potable 6. Promote the development of additional power plants especially
water especially in GIDAs renewable energy sources especially through PPP.
c) Unstable power/electricity supply 7. Aggressively install additional Level-2 potable water systems in remote
d) Traffic congestion in some urban and poor rural barangays, and additional pumping stations for Level-3
centers potable water supply in urban barangays.
e) Poor quality of farm-to-market 8. Explore and develop sustainable sources of potable water as Ram Pump
and Spring Water Development.
roads that would enhance
9. Explore and develop clean energy sources as Solar Power and Biomass
economic productivity and for stability of power supply.
strengthen production and 10. Allocate spaces potential spaces for schools or educational facilities.
marketing link 11. Allocate space for expansion of provincial government hospitals
f) Inadequate support utilities in especially for SCPH.
tourism sites 12. Allocate space for half-way homes and facilities for different
g) Poor quality of some roads leading disadvantaged sectors (women and children returnees, drug rehab) such
as Bahay Pag-asa.
to tourism sites
13. Explore ‘landbanking’ or the assessment, identification and purchase of
h) Poor internet connection due to lots potential for future public or local government facility needs.
limited number of internet and 14. Identify and prioritize roads leading to tourism sites for upgrading.
telecommunication 15. Identify proposed areas for development into special economic zones
infrastructure/facilities particularly (ECOZONES) or tourism economic zones.
to support the “new normal” 16. Strengthen M&E systems and mechanisms down to the city/municipal
level such as the creation of City / Municipal Project Monitoring
i) Inadequate number of classrooms/
Committees.
school buildings and other 17. Aggressively implement resource mobilization and fund outsourcing
educational facilities strategies.
j) Inadequate government hospital 18. Develop an Investment Portfolio for the province both for investors and
spaces to accommodate more funding agencies.
beds especially for the indigents
(overcrowding at SCPH more than
the bed capacity
k) Inadequate social protection and
protective service facilities
especially for the disadvantaged
and marginalized such as Bahay
Pag-asa, etc.
5. Increasing vulnerabilities of settlements
1. All environmentally-constrained areas or areas prone to natural hazards
to disaster and climate change risks
(weather, hydrologic and geologic) must be protected and must not be
including risks to emerging infectious
utilized as settlements, infrastructure and production areas.
diseases
2. Appropriate structural and long-term non-structural strategies must be in
a) Inadequate disaster / epidemic place for settlements in high-risk hazard areas (e.g. flooding, landslide).
management facilities per 3. Potential areas for DRR/CCA facilities such as evacuation centers must
municipality / city be identified, evaluated and developed for such purposes.
b) Meandering, flooding and 4. Potential areas for epidemic/pandemic response facilities such as
destruction of riverside isolation and quarantine facilities must be identified for such purposes.
lii
infrastructure in major river 5. Promote the adoption of renewable energy and green technologies in
systems (e.g. Allah River) infrastructure development.
c) Poor adoption of green building 6. Identify, delineate and regulate areas allowed for quarrying and other
activities in major river.
and green energy technologies to
7. Delineate and protect easements (3-20-40 meter rule in easements –
respond to climate change Phil. Water Code (PD 1067).
d) Encroachment of riparian zones / 8. Relocate displaced households and settlements in hazard areas
easements along bodies of water (Resettlement Program).
e) Presence of settlements in
environmentally-constrained areas
(ECAs)
Source: PDPFP, PDPFP-TWG, 2019
A. Provincial Land Use Plan
The desired land distribution per land use category as guided by the overall spatial framework
and aligned with the land use strategies and policy framework illustrates the overall Provincial Land
Use Plan of South Cotabato, which integrates the Protection Land Use Plan, Production Land Use
Plan, Infrastructure Land Use Plan and Settlements land Use Plan. Such distribution provides an
indicative guide on how to best achieve the long-term vision of the province while ensuring
sustainability and preserving the carrying capacity of the environment, continuously providing
adequate services and allocating sufficient space for possible developmental directions. The land
use plan of the province will serve as an indicative framework for the preparation of the detailed land
use plans of its component city and municipalities.
The provincial land use plan recognizes the urgency of putting adequate attention to regaining
and preserving the protection areas, hence, there were significant increase in both its overall total as
well as that of the component LGUs. The delineation of irrigated agricultural areas as protected
croplands and multiple use zones in NIPAS areas has further bloated the protection land use areas,
when in reality, these protected croplands and MUZs are utilized for production and other uses but
must be protected from reclassification or conversion to urban uses. Production areas represent 54%
or approximately 2,230.82sq. km. It is followed by protection land use areas with 1,656.39 sq. km.
more or less constituting only40% of the total land area. Infrastructure and settlement development
areas, which comprise the built-up areas, have the smallest shares with only 1% and 5%,
respectively. Together, the existing built-up areas and urbanizable land, make up about 6% of the
total provincial land
Table 10. Land Use Plan per Land Use Category and Area (sq.km.), by City/Municipality,South Cotabato, 2020-2028
City/Municipality Production Protection Infrastructure Settlements Total
Banga 145.6644 75.5956 5.3900 13.70 240.35
Koronadal 119.7063 97.8837 17.1700 42.24 277.00
Lake Sebu 351.6850 519.3150 2.6500 18.11 891.76
Norala 182.5397 4.8197 3.1606 3.88 194.40
Polomolok 207.6762 85.8634 8.6504 44.91 347.10
Sto. Niño 94.8682 4.6313 4.4105 5.81 109.72
Surallah 229.5941 45.6959 13.3600 22.45 311.10
Tampakan 91.8000 184.0080 3.8800 8.42 288.11
Tantangan 91.6800 45.1900 4.0000 8.87 149.74
Tboli 625.5078 399.7422 3.5100 12.85 1041.61
liii
Tupi 90.1000 193.6500 3.9000 14.22 301.87
TOTAL 2,230.8217 1,656.3948 70.0815 195.46 4,152.76
Source: PPDO, 2019
Figure 3. Percentage Share per Land Use Category, Provincial Land Use Plan, 2020-2028
LAND USE ALLOCATION

1% 5%
PRODUCTION
PROTECTION
40% 54%
INFRASTRUCTURE
SETTLEMENTS
Source: PPDO, 2020
D. Population and Settlements Development Plan
Goals:
• Rational Management and Distribution of Population for Equitable Access to Resources and
Economic Opportunities
• Gender-sensitive Population and Empowered Women, Children, Youth and Indigenous Peoples
• Highly Livable Province with Functionally-integrated, Sustainable, Green and Smart Towns and
Cities
Programs, Projects and Activities (PPAs):

• Responsible Parenthood and Family Planning (RP/FP) Program
• Convergence Approach to Poverty Reduction Program
• Construction of Farm-to- Market Roads Leading to Tourism Sites
• Provision of Agriculture, Agri-industrial and Tourism Support Facilities and Utilities in Strategic
Locations in Urban and Rural Areas
• Operationalization of the Provincial Multi-Partite Team on Land Use and Environmental Policies
and Implementation and Compliance (PMMT-LEPIC)
• Creation of C/MLGU-level MMT-LEPIC
• Convergence Approach to Poverty Reduction
liv
• Finalization of City/Municipal Revenue Generation Plan
• Construction of Drainage Canals, Box Culverts and other Flood Control Structures
• Formulation of Drainage Master Plan per LGU
• Formulation of Urban Development and Management Plan
• Crafting of Policy for the Formalization of Informal Street Economy
E. Economic Development Plan

Goals:
▪ Sound Trade and Investment that Significantly Reduce Unemployment and Poverty
▪ Environmentally and Socially Responsible Tourism Providing Equitable income and employment
opportunities to South Cotabateños
▪ Sustained Food Security and Safety of Farming Households and Fisherfolks
▪ Self-reliant and Dependable Cooperatives in South Cotabato
▪ Equitable land ownership, enhanced productivity of awarded lands and delivery of social justice
for empowered Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries, farmers and tillers
• Maintenance and operation of one (1) Toll Packaging and Common Service Facility for Food
and Craft
• Renewable Energy Development Project (with focus on Solar Power generation)
• Enactment and Implementation of PPP Code
• Facilitation in the Establishment of Special Economic Zones
• Conduct of Local Manpower Skills Inventory Study vis-à-vis the needs of industries and
investors
• Business Support through Financing: Micro Enterprise Emergency Loan Assistance (MEELA)
Program : Zero to Low-Interest Credit Financing
• Promotion of Relevant Post- COVID-19 New Normal Industries such as IT/Digital, Food,
Medical/Health Essentials and Technology, and Medical PPEs
• Launching of “My Own Town Tour” or “Bisita Lokal”
• Conduct of Tourism and Hospitality Industry Re: Planning Workshops
• Community- based Tourism Development
• Tourism Promotions and Marketing
• Formulation of the Provincial Tourism Plan
• Construction/Upgrading of Roads leading to Tourism Sites
• Establishment of Regional Agro-Industrial Hub in South Cotabato to Spur Local and Regional
Economic Growth (SOCCSKSARGEN Integrated Food Terminal (SIFT) in Tupi
• Palay Support Program
• Live Animal Marketing Assistance Program
• Repair and Rehabilitation of Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS) and National Irrigation Systems
(NIS) and installation of Coconet Projects
lv
F. Social Development Plan: Income, Employment, Poverty and Gender-responsive Access
to Social Services
Goals:
▪ Decent and productive employment towards increased and sustainable income, and reduced
poverty
▪ Improved health of the people especially the marginalized
▪ Well-nourished individuals and communities in South Cotabato
▪ Improved socio-economic condition and general well-being of the disadvantaged individuals,
families and communities of South Cotabato
▪ Morally and functionally literate, productive, and self-reliant South Cotabateñosequipped with
quality education and life skills to pursue socio-economic opportunities
▪ Adequate, decent, affordable and disaster - resilient housing for all especially the marginalized
sector in South Cotabato
▪ Safe, orderly, gender-sensitive, drug-free andpeaceful environment for communities in the
province
▪ Well-preserved culture and arts harmonizing with emerging technology and changing society
▪ Highly-skilled and well-trained athletes recognized locally and globally
Programs/Projects and Activities (PPAs):

▪ Community Outreach Program
▪ Family Planning Program
▪ Maternal and Child Health and Neonatal Program
▪ Infectious Diseases Program
▪ Health and Wellness Sustainability Program
▪ Public Private Partnership Program for Health
▪ Capability Enhancement for Priority Hx Program
▪ STI/HIV/AIDS Prevention Program
▪ Surveillance, Response and Management of Diseases and Outbreak Program
▪ Integrated Vector Control Management on Dengue Prevention Program
▪ COVID19 Pandemic Program
▪ Medical Facilities and Equipment Upgrading Program
▪ Basic Hospital Customer Service Satisfaction Program
▪ Mental Health Program
▪ Sectoral Community Welfare and Development Program
▪ Water and Sanitation Program
▪ Water Safety Plan Program (Water Quality Assurance and Standards)
▪ Water Supply System Development and Rehabilitation Project
▪ Establishment of Mineral Water Analysis/Testing Center
▪ Social Rehabilitation Program
▪ Free Education Program
▪ Kabugwason Paglaum Scholarship Program
▪ Anti-terrorism Campaign Program
▪ Fire Fighting Program
▪ Jail Upgrading and Management Progression (JUMP) Program
▪ Culture and Arts Development Program
lvi
G. Technical Infrastructure Development Plan
Goals:
▪ Increased physical integration of settlements with efficient and sustainable transport system
▪ Adequate, effective, cost-efficient, sustianable, disaster-resilient and climate-adaptive drainage
and flood control designs, structures and systems
▪ Equitable access to safe, affordable, adequate and sustainable water supply and sanitation
▪ Access to reliable, affordable, efficient, ecologically-sustainable and climate change-adaptive
energy services
▪ Access to adequate, reliable and disaster-resilient information and communication facilities and
systems

▪ Installation of traffic safety and street fixtures along Koronadal-Gensan Road, Koronadal-
Tantangan Road and Koronadal-Surallah-Isulan Road
▪ Repair and Maintenance of Provincial Roads and Bridges
▪ Repair and Maintenance of Provincial Roads and Bridges
▪ Upgrading of Roads
▪ Construction of Integrated Public Transport Terminals
▪ Operation of Road-Right-of-Way Clearing Program
▪ Installation of traffic lights in every heavy traffic congested areas
▪ Construction of Bypass/Diversion Roads
▪ Construction of drainage canals
▪ Desiltation of clogged drainage canals and waterways
▪ Construction of slope/riverbank protection and flood control structures
▪ Desiltation of clogged waterways and flood control structures
▪ Water Supply Expansion Projects as Separate System – Level III (one (1) water system per WD)
▪ Development of two (2) water systems in upland barangay – Level II
▪ Formulate Wastewater and Septage Management Plan
▪ Rural Electrification Program
▪ Establishment of additional power sub-stations in key areas
▪ Installation of Public Wi-Fi and Tech4Ed facilities
H. Natural Resources and Environment Management Plan

Goals:
▪ Ecologically-managed and Improved Biodiversity of Watersheds, Protected Areas and Wildlife
▪ Clean, Green, Healthy and Ecologically-sustainable Urban Ecosystems
▪ Responsible Utilization of Mineral Resources

▪ Formulation of Forest Land Use Plan
▪ Tree growing, monitoring & maintenance of denuded/landslide prone areas
▪ Establishment of silt detention structure in the tributaries of the Allah and Banga River; and,
other major river systems of the province
▪ Installation of indigenous dikes in target portions of river systems
▪ Formation of Watershed Alliance & Sub-watershed
lvii
▪ Ecological Solid Waste Management Program
▪ Establishment of SLFs in strategic area
▪ Tree planting & establishment of protection dikes in Riparian areas
▪ Installation of indigenous dikes in target portions of river systems
I. Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Plan

Goals:
▪ Disaster Resilient Communities with Effective Prevention/Mitigation, Preparedness, Response
and Rehabilitation Systems and Strategies
▪ Adaptive and Resilient Communities to Economic, Social, Physical and Environmental Impacts of
Climate Change
Disaster Risk Reduction
▪ Conduct of Hazard Risk Assessment in the identified communities, schools and informal settlers
in hazard prone areas.
▪ Installation of Early Warning System
▪ Institutionalization and Training of Community Disaster Volunteers and Search and Rescue
Responders
▪ Conduct psycho-social trainings for trainers
▪ Conduct of Relief Assistance and Emergency Cash Assistance
▪ Conduct of Psychological First Aid Assistance to affected communities
Climate Change Adaptation
▪ Tree growing programs

▪ Climate Change Assessment of Agriculture Sector; Crops and Soils Program
▪ Conduct of vulnerability assessment, geotagging, and mapping on crop production at the
Barangay Level
▪ Conduct of Assessment on Land Development on Agriculture Sector
▪ Conduct of Water Resource Assessment Mapping
▪ Spring Water Development Program
▪ Ram Pump Water Development in Rural Barangays
▪ Integration of CCA in Pabasa sa Nutrisyon
▪ Database Development and Management
▪ Establishment of Risk Insurance / Risk Transfer Mechanism for Agricultural Areas and
Properties in CC Vulnerable Areas
lviii
COVER PAGE
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION | 1-0

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Historical Background
South Cotabato has a long history of pioneering

South Cotabato is an epitome immigrants who undauntedly faced the challenges of
of success and a place of nature and the vagaries of politics. They were the
boundless opportunities. In men who laid the foundation of what was to become
more than four decades of a progressive province.
existence as an independent
province, it has attained
Before the turn of the 20th century, the area to
phenomenal progress. Its progress which South Cotabato would be carved was sparsely
can be attributed to the ingenuity of inhabited. The earlier inhabitants were Muslims,
the development schemes planned B’laans, Manobos and Tagabilis. Other ethnic groups
for this province that are translated also migrated to this part of Mindanao. They were
into tangible realities. believed to have come from the same Malayan stock
owing to the similarity of their physical structure and
language.
These Malayan pioneers led a peaceful existence and were isolated from the other developing
civilizations of the world after their migration. They remained isolated until the 15th century when
Shariff Kabungsuan of Arabia arrived in Cotabato with his religious teachers to introduce the
Mohammedan religion. He converted most of the Malayan settlers who occupied the lower and
upper Cotabato valley along both side of the Maguindanao River. Aside from introducing the
Mohammedan religion, Shariff Kabungsuan established himself as Sultan of Mindanao until the
coming of the Americans in the early part of the 20th century. One important result of Shariff
Kabungsuan's rule later on was the emergence of the system of government popularly known as
"Datuism". This system of government developed the Muslim culture and kept the Moro people
united in their wars against foreigners.
Even during the emergence of Mohammedanism, the southern part of Cotabato was relatively
unaffected. This was because inland communication was not yet developed and the only
convenient way to the south was by sea. Even with the sea access, the Malayan settlers in the
south were not converted. When the Muslim converts migrated to the south through the sea, the
Malayan inhabitants in different groups just went further inland and developed into different ethnic
groups that now exist throughout Mindanao.
Neither was the south affected by the coming of the Spaniards. The Spaniards came to subdue
the Muslims at the turn of the 17th century. They established the fort in what is now Cotabato City
but the Muslims stubbornly resisted them that their expeditionary forces from Cotabato could not go
further inland than Libungan and Pikit. Thus, the Spaniards finally left Cotabato in 1889 without
accomplishing anything except perhaps the establishment of Cotabato as a small town.

DRR/CCA-ENHANCED PDPFP 2020-2028 l PROVINCE OF SOUTH COTABATO
The coming of the Americans in the early part of the 20th century and their subsequent rule
neither affected the south significantly. But one thing the American did that left a great impact later
on in South Cotabato was their policy of attraction. This policy was aimed at attracting both the
Muslims to the American rule and the Christians from over-populated provinces of Luzon and the
Visayas to resettle here in the vast plains of Cotabato. Its other aims were to restore peace and
order, instill political advancement and spark social awakening.
So that the time between 1914 and 1937 was a period of preparation, assimilation transition
and initial progress under the American rule. It was during this period that immigrants from Luzon
and the Visayas began to open the vast and fertile lands of South Cotabato, then comprising the
municipalities of Koronadal, Buayan, Glan, Kiamba and Lebak. Immigration of noticeable proportion
started in 1914 and from then on a steadily increasing flow of immigrants was being felt all over the
southern part of Cotabato province, reaching its peak in the later part of the 1930's when it
suddenly stopped at the outbreak of World War II and only to rise again in tremendous proportion in
the 1950’s.
The first batch of Christian settlers came to the province in 1914 and started clearing the area
of what is now Glan right along the Sarangani Bay. They were hardy settlers comprising mostly of
Cebuanos and were led by the late Tranquilino Ruiz, Sr. The municipality of Glan where they first
settled and which begun as Colony No. 9 of the colonization project of the government in October,
1914 is a living monument to the labor and hardship suffered by these settlers.
In March 9, 1920, the first batch of Ilocano settlers landed at Kalaong, Kiamba. They were
brought here by the steamer "Tablas" with the late Crisanto Hidalgo of San Fernando, La Union as
their leader. The settlers were courageous pioneers who brought along their wives and children to
find new homes in the wilderness in the coastal plains of South Cotabato. Another batch came on
the return trip of the sluggish "tablas".
Also along Sarangani Bay, on February 7, 1939, pioneers mostly coming from Luzon led by the
late General Paulino Santos after whom the bustling city of General Santos was named, arrived
and laid the foundation of what was to become a progressive province. These pioneers cultivated
the vast fertile valley and when news of their success in farming reached the ears of the landless in
Central Luzon and the Visayas, an exodus of settlers soon poured into the virgin land. These were
the people, who were longing for a place in the sun and seeking a piece of land they can call their
own, uprooted themselves from their home of origin to brave the unknown jungle of South Cotabato
in the hope of achieving progress in life. The pioneers struck deeper into the hinterland aided by
the now defunct Land Settlement and Development Corporation (LASEDECO) formerly the
National Land Settlement Administration, created by Commonwealth Act No. 441 in June 3, 1939,
blazing the trail as far as Koronadal Valley in the north and Allah Valley in the northwest. And year-
in and year-out, they toiled as they have never toiled before, clearing the forest, breaking the soil
and planting - doing all these in the face of tremendous odds like malaria, poor communication and
the lack of transportation.
1-2 | CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Nature, however, was kind. In return for the settler's fortitude and industry, rain fell abundantly
in the farmlands, giving rise to a production of palay of at least two crops a year. The soil in the
newly opened settlement was too rich that one was said to have uttered the remark, "You throw a
seed into the field and nature will take care of the rest.", that is to say, weather and soil condition
were so ideal for agriculture that almost anything could be planted with little need of assistance.
Nature itself took care of the crops.
Thousands upon thousands more of settlers streamed into the province and opened new vistas
of agricultural lands including the mountains. And, like other people anywhere they formed
communities patterned after those in the old homes. Thus, one will find towns today predominantly
occupied either by the Ilonggos or Ilocanos, etc, and nostalgia creeping into their senses, they
called their new communities after those names long prevailing in their old homes.
When World War II broke out, the flow of immigrants halted. Even then, the pioneering settlers
were far luckier than their brothers who stayed put in Luzon and the Visayas because the pioneers
did not encounter as much hardships as their "paisanos" at home. After the Japanese occupation,
when things returned to normal, a steadier flow of settlers into the province begun and new lands
and communities were opened serving as the nuclei of the 18 municipalities in the province.
In the early 1950s, however, disaster almost broke the spirit of the settlers with the appearance
of a rat infestation, which almost destroyed their crops totally. Destitute settlers, who saw the crops
overrun by rodents and the fruits of their labor go to waste, gave up and returned to their old
homes. Most of the settlers, however, persevered and through the timely assistance of government
agencies, recovered from their misfortune as the danger posed by the infestation was minimized.
On the political side, as the population swelled in the southern part of the province, a louder
voice arose in the management of local government. As a result, more municipalities were created
and people began to have more say in the running of the provincial government, which until then,
had always been under the control of those living in the northern part of the mother province.
Because they felt they were not adequately represented in the local government, the people of
South Cotabato, then part of Cotabato province, made countless appeals and petitions to the
government to separate from the mother province and to enable them to run their own affairs in
their own territory. Finally, Republic Act No. 4849, passed and approved on July 18, 1966,
separated South Cotabato from its mother province. But it was not until the regular election on
November 1967 that South Cotabato elected its first set of officials and not until the beginning of
the year 1968 did it function as a regular province. It had only 11 municipalities then with Koronadal
as the capital town.
Since then, the province progressed tremendously. Under the able leadership of Governor
Sergio B. Morales, the first elected governor who served the province for nearly 20 years, South
Cotabato transformed into a new bustling province. It started as a first class province even with
practically nothing in terms of basic facilities, such as buildings to house the national and provincial
offices and equipment and vehicles to facilitate governmental functions. Within a span of four (4)
years however, the province was able to provide facilities to provincial and national offices; build a
capitol building and a provincial hospital; and equip its motor pool with heavy equipment and
vehicles. The province was also able to undertake massive infrastructure programs particularly on
roads, buildings, water systems and electrification.
Years following South Cotabato's separation from its mother province, big investments coming
from elsewhere in the country and from foreign sources poured in. Highly mechanized farming
came of age. Investors tapped other potentials in the area. Ranches and piggeries have been
developed. Fishery projects gained grounds in both domestic and foreign markets. Other large,
medium and small-scale industries were well rooted. All of these paved the way for a sophisticated
system of trade and industry in the province.
With the consequence brought about by the EDSA revolution, the political situation nationwide
had called for a change of leadership to which South Cotabato was not exempt. In March 1986, a
new set of provincial officials headed by Ismael D. Sueno was appointed into office by President
Corazon C. Aquino. Governor Sueno was later officially elected as Provincial Governor during the
1988 local elections.
In 1992, South Cotabato gave birth to a new province. Seven towns in the southern and coastal
section of the province now form part of the Province of Sarangani. That was a new challenge. And
South Cotabateños, with their indomitable pioneering spirit have proven once more their ability to
face and hurdle diverse challenges and ably went through with the demands of times.
Starting the May 1992 national and local elections, the province saw new surge towards
stability, economic prosperity and ecological integrity led by dynamic and visionary leaders who
were elected to be at the helm of provincial governance. The following summarizes the Provincial
Governors of South Cotabato since its creation.
1967 – 1986 Gov. Sergio B. Morales

1986 – 1992 Gov. Ismael D. Sueno
1992 – 2001 Gov. Hilario L. de Pedro III
2001 – 2010 Gov. Daisy P. Avance Fuentes
2010 – 2013 Gov. Arthur Y. Pingoy, Jr.
2013 – 2019 Gov. Daisy P. Avance Fuentes
2019 - Present Gov. Reynaldo S. Tamayo, Jr.
Since then, South Cotabato has sparked new interest at the national landscape having
emerged as the favorite venue for conventions and big events of national significance like the
National Secondary School Press Conference in 1994 and 2006, the Palarong Pambansa in 1996
and 2007, the 9th and 18th Mindanao Business Conference, and the national celebration of the 111 th
Independence Day on June 12, 2009, to name a few.
Several important events followed that contributed further to the progress and development in
the province wherein under Executive Order No. 429 dated October 12, 1990 (Reorganization of
the New Administrative Regions in Mindanao) issued by President Corazon C. Aquino provides that
the regional center in Region XII will be the Municipality of Koronadal. The growth continues but
has been stalled due to some legal impediments until the reconfiguration of the new administrative
regions in Mindanao with the issuance of Executive Order No. 36 dated September 19, 2001 by
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. Further, by virtue of Executive Order No. 304 signed by
President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on March 30, 2004, Koronadal was named as the Regional
Political and Socio-economic Center of the reconstituted SOCCSKSARGEN Region (Region
XII) .Regional departments, bureaus and offices were ordered to the new Regional Center.

Furthermore, the conversion of its capital town Koronadal into a component city, now known as
the City of Koronadal under Republic Act. No. 8803 on August 16, 2000 and after a referendum it
functions as such on October 8, 2000 further pushes the province to greater heights.
The new millennium ushers in a new beginning for the province with the coming in of regional
offices in the city in consonance with the executive order designating the city as the regional center
in Region XII.
In only more than four decades since its province-hood, South Cotabato has already surpassed
dozens of provinces established half a century ahead in almost every aspect of development. In a
short span, it has become one of the leading provinces in Mindanao. What it got to show today are
vivid results of human synergy and the richness of its resources.
A. 2. Plan objectives and context

B. 3. Coverage of the plan
C. 4. Outline of the plan
The PDPFP is the primary technical guide and blueprint for the development of the
province. As a development and physical framework plan, it directs future land uses
and other spatial developments and the specific locations of programs, projects and
activities in the territorial boundary. Further, the geographic territory of the province and
region are likewise delineated in the plan according to the following land uses:
settlement land use, production land use, protection land use, and transport/
infrastructure land use.
1.1 Plan Objectives and Context

Generally, the plan aims to:
1) Set the development direction for the province;
2) Provide the analytical basis for understanding existing conditions and identifying key
development issues, problems, opportunities, goals, objectives and targets of the province;
3) Translate the vision into implementable strategies towards the attainment of goals, objectives
and targets; and
4) Guided by the vision, identify programs, projects and activities consistent with the proposed
strategies.
More so, this plan has been enhanced to integrate Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate
Change Adaptation (DRR/CCA) measures. The mainstreaming of DRR/CCA in the plan is expected
to:
1) Result in a better appreciation of the planning environment through a detailed
characterization of natural hazards, the risks attendant to them and the vulnerabilities of
exposed areas and communities;
2) Make available some basis of constraints to development arising from risk factors that
become part of the development issues, and provided with corresponding goals,
objectives/targets and strategies;

3) Translate the DRR/CCA-mainstreamed vision into implementable strategies towards the

attainment of goals, objectives and targets;
4) Provide a more realistic projection of demand and supply of land for settlements,
production, protection and infrastructure uses while considering restrictions in areas prone
to natural hazards;
5) Provide decision-makers with basis for consideration in planning for areas prone to natural
hazard; and
6) Identify risk reduction measures to be included in priority programs, projects, and activities
evaluated vis-à-vis quantified risks.
The information gathered from various sectors were used to come up with comprehensive
analysis of the planning environment and the generation of issues and concerns. The goals,
objectives, strategies and targets were subsequently generated addressing the issues and
concerns. The programs and projects are expected to finally offer solutions to the problems raised
by various sectors.
The PDPFP is the key link to the network of plans covering national, regional, and
city/municipal levels. Data, information, analysis and trends stipulated in the Regional Physical
Framework Plan (RPFP) and Regional Development Plan (RDP) served as input in determining key
strategies adopted in the PDPFP. In the same way, data and trends from city/municipal plans were
also considered to ensure that there is a collective effort in attaining the vision and goals of the
province.
Plans and investment programs at the provincial level have vertical connections to
corresponding plans at the regional and city/municipal levels. In turn, regional plans and programs
must relate to corresponding plans at the national level.
The PDPFP, therefore, serves as a vertical link between local development objectives and
regional and national priorities. At the provincial level, the PPAs derived from the PDPFP are the
bases for a multi-year investment program (PDIP--a prioritized list of PPAs with cost estimates) and
an annual investment program (AIP or the current year “slice” of the PDIP). In turn, the AIP serves
as the basis for budgetary allocations for PPAs.
The Provincial Development Council (PDC), with its Sectoral Committees, and through its
technical secretariat - the Provincial Planning and Development Office (PPDO), led the team in the
preparation of the PDPFP.
1.2 Coverage of the Plan
The plan covers the period 2020-2028. It covers the component city of Koronadal and the ten
(10) municipalities of Banga, Lake Sebu, Norala, Polomolok, Surallah, Sto. Niño, Tampakan,
Tantangan, Tupi and Tboli.
The DRR/CCA Enhanced PDPFP covers seven (7) sectoral and spatial development sectors:
(1) Population and Settlements, (2) Economy, (3) Income, Employment, Poverty and Gender-
responsive Access to Social Services, (4) Technical Infrastructure, (5) Natural Resources and
Environment Management, (6) Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation, and (7)
Land Use and Physical Framework.

1.3 Structure of the Plan
Chapter 1: Introduction consists of the province’s historical background, objectives and context. It
also contains the coverage and structure of the plan.
Chapter 2: Planning Environment profiles and analyzes the province’s existing bio-physical
resources, demographic profile, settlement pattern, economic and social environments, technical
infrastructure and utilities, natural resources and environment management systems, disaster risks
and climate change vulnerabilities.
Chapter 3: Vision-Mission and Development Principles is a shared aspirations of the people for
highly-liveable settlement where they can live a happy, safe, peaceful, healthy and comfortable life
with abundant opportunities for work and livelihood. To achieve the vision-mission, South
Cotabato, through its medium-term Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan, shall
adhere to the planning and development principles.
Chapter 4: Physical Framework and Land Use Plan It contains the functional linkages and land
uses of the province. These serve as relevant inputs to the development of an overall spatial
framework, which has been detailed into proposed land uses. Land use and spatial issues are also
identified to guide the formulation of corresponding land use strategies and judiciously allocate land
resources to various competing uses (Proposed Land Uses).
Chapter 5: Sectoral Development Plans identifies the major issues and problems following the
analysis of the planning environment; sets corresponding goals, objectives and targets to address
the problems; and details plans of actions through a set of strategies, programs, projects and
activities (PPAs) for each identified objective. The development thrust and strategic priorities are
then transformed into a spatial development structure in order to design policies and strategies
required for implementation.
The book is then structured as follows:
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Historical Background
1.2 Plan Objectives and Context
1.3 Coverage of the Plan
1.4 Structure of the Plan
CHAPTER 2: PLANNING ENVIRONMENT

2.1 Location, Land Area and Political Subdivision
2.2 Bio-physical Characteristics and Resources
2.3 Population and Settlements
2.4 Economy
2.5 Social Development
2.6 Technical Infrastructure Development
2.7 Natural Resources and Environment Management
2.8 Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation
CHAPTER 3: THE VISION-MISSION AND DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES

CHAPTER 4: PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK AND LAND USE PLAN

4.1 Existing Land Use and Physical Framework
4.3 Land Use Plan
CHAPTER 5: SECTORAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS

5.1 Population and Settlements Development Plan
5.2 Economic Development Plan
5.3 Social Development Plan
5.4 Technical Infrastructure Development Plan
5.5 Natural Resources and Environment Management Plan
5.6 DRR/CCA Plan


COVER PAGE
CHAPTER 2: PLANNING ENVIRONMENT | 2-2

Chapter 2
PLANNING ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER 2.1
LOCATION, LAND AREA AND POLITICAL SUBDIVISION
2.1.1 Location and Boundaries
South Cotabato is located in the southern part of the island of Mindanao. It is

bounded by the province of Sultan Kudarat in the north and west, in the east
and south by General Santos City and Sarangani Province, respectively. It lies at
latitude of about 6°15' north and about 125° longitude. Its main access to the
sea is through the Sarangani Bay where the modern port of General Santos City
is located.
2.1.2 Land Area
The province has a total land area of 4,152.76 square kilometers. The biggest municipality is
Tboli with a total land area of approximately 1,041.61 square kilometers. It is followed by Lake Sebu
with an area of 891.76 sq.km., then Polomolok with 347.10 sq. km. The smallest municipalities are
Tantangan and Sto. Niño with land areas of 149.74 and 109.72 square kilometers, respectively.
2.1.3 Political Subdivision
Upon its creation as a regular province on July 18, 1966, South Cotabato consisted of 11
municipalities, namely: Banga, General Santos (now a city), Glan, Kiamba, Koronadal (now a city),
Maitum, Norala, Polomolok, Surallah, Tantangan and Tupi. These municipalities were established
long before the creation of the province. Other component municipalities were later constituted,
wherein a total of 18 municipalities comprised the entire province.
The birth of Sarangani Province in 1992 brought changes in the geography and political
subdivision of the province. Seven (7) towns in the southern and coastal section of South Cotabato
now form part of Sarangani Province, these are: Malungon, Alabel, Malapatan, Glan, Maasim,
Kiamba and Maitum. The event left South Cotabato with 11 remaining municipalities.
2-1 | CHAPTER 2: PLANNING ENVIRONMENT

Table 2.1 Land Area, Number of Barangays and Distance from the Urban Center by City/Municipality,
South Cotabato
Distance from Koronadal
City/Municipality Land Area (sq.km) No. of Barangays
(km.)
1 Banga 240.35 22 13
2 Koronadal 277.00 27 -
3 Lake Sebu 891.76 19 47
4 Norala 194.40 14 38
5 Polomolok 347.10 23 41
6 Sto. Niño 109.72 10 33
7 Surallah 311.10 17 20
8 Tampakan 288.11 13 14
9 Tantangan 149.74 13 18
10 Tboli 1,041.61 25 38
11 Tupi 301.87 15 22
Total 4,152.76 199
Further, the approval of Republic Act No. 8803 on August 16, 2000 marked another milestone in
the history of South Cotabato. The Act converted Koronadal into a component city of South
Cotabato. Thus, the province is presently composed of ten (10) progressing municipalities and the
lone City of Koronadal, with the latter being the Provincial Capital (Table 2.1).
South Cotabato has a total of 199 barangays and two (2) more are being proposed and still
awaiting the approval of the Commission on Elections (COMELEC). These proposed barangays are
both under the municipality of Tboli.

Map 2.1.1 Map of Region XII showing the Province of South Cotabato, 2018
Source: PPDO

Map 2.1.2 Administrative Map,2018
Source: PPDO

2.2 BIO- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RESOURCES
2.2.1 Topography
South Cotabato has many distinct physiographic features with three (3)
prominent mountain ranges: Daguma Range, Roxas Mountain Range, and
Quezon Mountain Range.
The Daguma Range – consisting of a series of relatively high mountains, upland lakes, and some
inactive volcanoes – extends from the provinces of Maguindanao and Sultan Kudarat to the southern
extreme of South Cotabato where it forms the boundary between South Cotabato and Sarangani.
Roxas Mountain Range separates the Upper Allah and Koronadal valleys which form part of the
Cotabato basin, the rice granary of Mindanao. Koronadal Valley gradually rises to the southeast at
the foot of Mt. Matutum then breaks and drops further south towards General Santos City and
Sarangani Bay. Meanwhile, Quezon Mountain Range, located at an elevation of 652 above sea level,
straddles the north and northeastern boundaries of South Cotabato with the neighboring provinces
of Sultan Kudarat and Davao del Sur.
Mt. Matutum, a 2,286 meters above sea level (asl), spanning the towns of Tupi and Polomolok,
is the province’s highest peak. At its foot is the vast Dole Pineapple Plantation. This is followed by
Mt. Melibengoy (formerly Mt. Parker) at 1,756 meters above sea level located in Tboli, the crater of
which is Lake Holon (formerly called Lake Maughan). Both are categorized by the Philippine Institute
of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) as active volcanoes. Other important landmarks are
Mt. Malibato, Mt. Magolo, and Mt. Talumpong which are in the province’s hinterlands.
2.2.2 Slope
About 1,313 square kilometers or 35% of the area of South Cotabato is hilly to mountainous with
slopes ranging from 30 to 50 percent. These areas, including those with very steep slopes (50% and
above), are reserved usually for forest trees and delineated as protection forests in order to attain
ecological balance. Rolling to hilly lands with slope ranging from 18-30% comprise about 28% of the
total land area. The land that occupies the least area constitutes 156 square kilometers of very steep
and rough mountains with a slope of above 50 percent.
Land areas with slopes ranging from 0-18% (level to rolling) set the ideal limit for urban expansion
and agriculture. Areas with 18% and above slope, ranging from rolling to very steep, must be set
aside for forest uses – whether as protection forests for areas with slope above 50%, or production
forests (grazing, agro-forestry and timber production) for areas with slope 18-50%.
Table 2.2.1 Land Area by Slope (sq. km.), South Cotabato
Slope (%) Land Area (sq.km.) Percent Description
0–8 521.04 14.06% Level to undulating

8 – 18 678.18 18.30% Undulating to rolling
18 – 30 1,038.39 28.02% Rolling to Hilly
30 – 50 1,312.63 35.42% Hilly to mountainous
Above 50 155.65 4.20% Very steep
Total 3,705.89 100%
Source: DENR, South Cotabato 2015 SEP
2.2.3 Elevation
Among the provinces in Region XII, South Cotabato occupies the largest land area located in an
elevation of above 1000 meters asl (Table 2.2). Out of the province’s total land area, 49.80% has an
elevation of 0-500 meters above sea level, followed by those located within an elevation of above
1,000 meters above sea level (36.50%). Areas with an elevation of 500-1,000 meters above sea
level cover the smallest portion of the provincial total land area at only 13.70%.
Table 2.2.2 Land Area by Elevation (sq.km.), South Cotabato

0-500 masl 500-1000 masl >1000 masl
Province/City Total
sq. km. % sq. km. % sq. km. %
North Cotabato 3,906.71 59.50 1,548.24 23.58 1,110.95 16.92 6,565.90
Sultan Kudarat 1,957.34 47.81 1,721.94 42.06 414.72 10.13 4,094.00
South Cotabato 1,845.53 49.80 507.71 13.70 1,352.65 36.50 3,705.89
Sarangani 1,053.10 26.61 2,904.45 73.39 3,957.55
Cotabato City 176.00 176.00
General Santos 322.23 60.11 213.83 39.89 536.06
Total 9,260.91 48.65 6,896.17 36.23 2,878.32 15.12 19,035.40
Source: DENR, South Cotabato 2015 SEP
2.2.4 Surface Water Resources
South Cotabato has abundant water resources. It has a good number of rivers, creeks and lakes.
These are tapped as sources of water for irrigation, industrial, and domestic uses of the province and
even of the neighboring province of Sultan Kudarat.
Allah River is the largest river system in the province with a discharge capacity of 1.5 million liters
per minute. It originates at the peak of Mt. Melibengoy and flows northwest, being joined by Banga
and Lonon rivers.
There are several rivers and creeks with a discharge capacity of at least 300,000 liters per minute.
In Koronadal Valley, for instance, Marbel and Taplan rivers have a combined capacity of 640,000
liters per minute.
Other surface waters include the three (3) lakes of Lake Sebu (Lake Sebu, Lake Lahit, Lake
Seloton), and Lake Holon in Tboli. These are considered important resources not only for their value
in aquaculture production but also for their immense tourism potentials.

Map 2.2.1 Slope Map of South Cotabato
Source: PPDO, 2018

2.2.5 Groundwater Resources
The province has substantial groundwater reserves that are significant resources for domestic,
agricultural, and industrial uses. Groundwater resources could be a significant source of irrigation
water in areas where surface water is not accessible or available. Some agri-based companies
irrigate their farm with wells.
There are also shallow wells located in slopes ranging from 0-3%. Most of these are located at
elevation within 50 meters above sea level like the alluvial plains and river valleys. Shallow well areas
in the province are abundant in Norala and Koronadal City.
A large number of free-flowing springs are likewise found in the province, two of which are located
at Mt. Matutum, with a very high free-flow rate of 4,440 liters per second for Balunan Spring and
6,120 liters per second for Mabagbag Spring.
Springs, which are sites where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface, are utilized for
waterworks systems considering their location and proximity to the service areas. Spring sites are
particularly bountiful in Koronadal City, Tboli, Polomolok and Banga.
2.2.6 Geologic Features
The geological formation of the province has been affected by uplift, subsidence, faulting, marine
transgressions, volcanic activity and water erosion. Consequently, the geology of the province is
notable in its great diversity. Basalt, andesite, rhyolite, agglomerates, and similar materials form the
base rock which is overlain with alluvium, much of which is of volcanic origin. Sedimentary rock is
present in about 49 percent of the area of the province.
The following compose the general geology of the province:
Basement Complex. This is the oldest formation that consists of piedmontite schist, quartzo-
feldspathic schist, quartz, chlorite epidote schist, and amphibolite schist. The exposures are limited
and might be concealed under Miocene rocks at the southeastern part of Cotabato Cordillera
extending from Cotabato City to Sarangani Bay. Piedmontite schist and closely associated quartz
chlorite sericite schist constitute the predominant rock units of the basement complex.
Cretaceous Paleogene Rocks. This type of rock consists of undifferentiated metamorphosed

submarine flows. Largely spilites and basalt intercalated with schert, marble and sediments. The
rock formations are disposed on a northwest-southeast belt, apparently occupying the whole extent
of the Cotabato Cordillera.
The metavolcanic rocks are generally dark greenish gray well jointed and massive. They are
amygdaloidal, porphyritic, medium to fine grained and equigranular.
NeogeneIntrusive. A batholitic mass diorite, disposed parallel to and following the main Cotabato
Cordillera, underlies the Southwestern part of the province. The rocks intrude the older formation of
the area and closely follow the distribution of the older rock types. It is usually medium to coarse
grained with crude foliation in some portions.

Lower Miocene Sedimentary Rocks. A fairly thick sequence of conglomerate, wacke, shale and
limestone associated with basic to intermediate flows and pyroclastics is exposed throughout the
whole extent of the province. In the Southwest portion, the lower miocene sedimentary rocks occur
in various, irregular and discontinuous patches overlying the older rocks. The rocks in this portion
consist dominantly of conglomerate with minor wacke and limestone converted into a marbleized
mass with crude schist city. The formation is intruded by diorite. A continuous belt also occurs in the
Northeast to Southeast portion of the province fringing the arcuate or elbow configuration of the
eastern part.
Upper Miocene Sedimentary Rocks. This consists of interbedded conglomerate, sandstone and
shale overlain by pyroclastics. In the southeastern part, the pyroclastics are represented by
tuffaceous marl. The series is associated with a massive white to flesh colored limestone with slightly
coralline to crystalline groundmass. The clastic member is basaltic in composition.
Quarternary Volcanic. The rock, represented by Mt. Parker and Mt. Matutum, consists of andesite
igneous rocks with occasional daciticfacies. It covers a more or less symmetrical distribution around
the core of the two mountains. The andesite is usually gray and porphyritic.
Pliocene-Pleistocene Sedimentary Rocks. This formation overlaps the older sedimentary series
and fringes the broad alluvial basin of Cotabato in the North. The clastic member consists of
tuffaceous sandstone and shale with few lenses of conglomerate. The sediments are usually folded
especially at the western flank of the Allah River near Banga.
Quarternary Volcanic Plain Deposit. The rock formation surrounds the volcanic plugs and consists
of a thick sequence of agglomerates, ash flows and associated pyroclastics rocks.
Alluvium. The recent deposits cover a broad area in the north where the southern extension of the
Cotabato Basin is located. The deposit consists of unconsolidated gravels, beach and swamp
deposits and raised coral reefs.

Map 2.2.2 Geologic Map of South Cotabato
Source: PPDO, 2018

2.3 POPULATION AND SETTLEMENTS
In the planning process, population is considered as the basic unit of

analysis. The role of population in the planning process as well as in development
administration is very much evident either as target beneficiary, stakeholder, or human
resource in project implementation. Population is then regarded as both the subject as
well as the object of planning as it creates and provides the demand for public goods
and in all sectors of development.
Population technically means a set of objects for statistical analysis while a scientific study of
human populations is referred to as demography. Hence, demographic analysis is considered a basic
tool that substantially provides the quintessential basis for planning and decision-making.
Human settlements, on the other hand, are the places where people live. They are the physical
manifestation of the social organization of space (Roberts, 1996).
Of paramount importance is the interlinked relationship between population and settlement

pattern such that the size, composition, distribution, density and growth of population define and
influence the resulting structure, shape, and pattern of settlements. In a cyclical pattern, the resulting
settlement or built form will also influence the changes in population size, distribution, composition,
growth and density.
These aspects of the two (2) sub-sectors are presented and discussed in this chapter.
2.3.1 Population
2.3.1.1 Comparative National and Regional Context
2.3.1.1.1 Comparative Population Size, Growth Rate and Doubling Time
Based on the 2015 Census on Population, South Cotabato has a total population of 915,289.
This comprises about 20% of the region’s population of 4,545,296, while the region’s population is
4% of the total national population of 100,981,437. Its annual population growth rate (APGR) of
1.94%is the same with the regional average and higher than the national average of 1.94% and
1.72%, respectively.
There is a significant drop of numbers in South Cotabato’s and Region XII’s growth rate from
3.39% in 2007-2010 to 1.94% in 2010-2015 and 2.68% in 2007-2010 to 1.94% in 2010-2015,
respectively.
Based on the 2010-2015 average growth rate, South Cotabato is expected to double its
population in 2051 (36 years), Region XII in 2051(36 years) while the entire country is in 2055 (40
years). This implies that South Cotabato and Region XII are expected to double their population
faster than the entire country.

Table 2.3.1 Comparative National, Regional & Provincial Population and Growth Rates (2000, 2007, 2010, 2015)
TOTAL POPULATION GROWTH RATE
DOUBLING
2000- 2007- 2010- TIME
2000 2007 2010 2015
2007 2010 2015
Philippines 76,506,928 88,574,614 92,337,852 100,981,437 2.04 1.57 1.72 40 years
Region XII 3,222,169 3,829,082 4,109,751 4,545,296 2.41 2.68 1.94 36 years
South Cotabato 690,728 767,255 827,200 915,289 2.19 3.39 1.94 36 years
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
Table 2.3.2 Comparative Total Population and APGR of Region XII

Among the four (4) provinces of the
by Province
region, Table 2.3.2 shows that South
Province Total Population APGR 2010-2015
Cotabato is the second largest in terms of
population size and has the second highest North Cotabato 1,379,767 2.27
growth rate next to North Cotabato. South Cotabato 915,289 1.94
Meanwhile, the computed 2010-2015 Sultan Kudarat 812,095 1.60
annual population growth rate of the Sarangani 544,261 1.67
province is 1.94%, which is lower than its
Region XII 4,545,296 1.94
previous 2007-2010 APGR pegged at
3.39%. Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015
2.3.1.1.2 Comparative and Population Density
Table 2.3.3 shows the comparative population and the annual growth rate of the four provinces
including the highly urbanized cities of the region. South Cotabato remains the second largest in
terms of population size next to North Cotabato Province, followed by the provinces of Sultan Kudarat
and Sarangani Province. For cities, General Santos City has higher population than Cotabato City.
Meanwhile, in terms of population growth rate (2010-2015), Sultan Kudarat has the slowest growth
of 1.60%, while North Cotabato has the fastest growth with 2.27%.
Table 2.3.3 Comparative Population and APGR by Province and City, Region XII (2000, 2007, 2010, 2015)
TOTAL POPULATION APGR
Province 2000- 2007- 2000- 2000- 2010-
2000 2007 2010 2015
2007 2010 2010 2015 2015
North Cotabato 958,643 1,121,974 1,226,508 1,379,767 2.19 3.38 2.49 2.41 2.27
South Cotabato 690,728 767,255 827,200 915,289 2.19 3.39 1.82 1.86 1.94
Sultan Kudarat 586,505 675,644 747,087 812,095 1.97 3.84 2.45 2.16 1.60
Sarangani 410,622 475,514 498,904 544,261 2.04 1.81 1.97 1.86 1.67
General Santos City 411,822 529,542 538,086 594,446 3.53 0.60 2.71 2.43 1.91
Cotabato City 163,849 259,153 271,786 299,438 6.53 1.80 5.19 4.03 1.86
REGION XII 3,222,169 3,829,082 4,109,571 4,545,296 2.41 2.68 2.46 2.28 1.94
Population density is the measurement of population per unit area expressed as the number of
persons per unit of land. In 2015, the population density of South Cotabato is 200 persons per square
kilometer (sq.km.), six (6) times lower than the regional density of 1,206 persons/sq.km. and much
lower than the national density of 1,701 persons/sq.km.
Among the provinces and independent cities of Region XII, South Cotabato’s population share
accounts for 20% of the total population of Region XII in 2015, second only to North Cotabato
Province at 30%. Cotabato City has the least population share with 7% share.

Table2.3.4 Philippines and Region XII Comparative Total Population, APGR and Density by Province (2000, 2007, 2010, 2015)
Population Share to the
Total Population APGR Population Density
Province Region
2007 % 2010 % 2015 % 2000- 2007- 2010-
2007 2010 2015 Share Share Share 2007 2010 2015 2007 2010 2015
North
1,121,974 1,226,508 1,379,767 29 30 30 2.19 3.38 2.27 295 308 337
Cotabato
South
767,255 827,200 915,289 20 20 20 2.19 3.39 1.94 168 181 200
Cotabato
Sultan
675,644 747,087 812,095 18 18 18 1.97 3.84 1.6 134 147 165
Kudarat
Sarangani 475,514 498,904 544,261 12 12 12 2.04 1.81 1.67 185 200 221
General
Santos 529,542 538,086 594,446 14 13 13 3.53 0.6 1.91 119 132 143
City
Cotabato
259,153 271,786 299,438 7 7 7 6.53 1.8 1.86 121 127 139
City
Region XII 3,829,082 4,109,571 4,545,296 100 100 100 2.41 2.68 1.94 1,074 1,092 1,206
Philippines 88,574,614 92,337,852 100,981,437 2.04 1.57 1.72 1,472 1,544 1,701
2.3.1.2 Demographic Profile: South Cotabato
2.3.1.2.1 Population Size and Growth Rate
In 2015 Census of Population, Koronadal City, being the seat of government of South Cotabato
and the Regional Center of Region XII, remains the most populous with its population making up
about 19.11% of the total provincial population at 915,289 in 2015.
Considering the ten (10) municipalities and excluding Koronadal City, Polomolok has the largest
share in terms of population percentage with 16.67%, followed by Tboli with 9.99%, Lake Sebu with
9.55% and Surallah with 9.24%. The municipalities with the least population counts are Norala
(5.10%), Tantangan (4.72%), Sto. Niño (4.47%), and Tampakan (4.32%).
The municipalities of Tboli and Lake Sebu exhibit fast growth from censal years 2010-2015.The
municipalities of Tupi, Surallah, City of Koronadal, and Polomolok showed relatively faster growth
than the municipalities of Banga, Tampakan, Tantangan, Norala, and Sto. Niño.
The last three (3) municipalities with least population counts are expected to double their
population in 115 years (Sto. Niño), 78 years (Norala), and 51 years (Tantangan). While Polomolok,
Tboli and Lake Sebu will double their population in 35 years, 24 years, and 25 years, respectively.
These municipalities have the highest population percentage shares in the province.
Table 2.3.5 Total Population, APGR and Doubling Time by City/Municipality, South Cotabato (2015)
APGR
City/Municipality Total Population % Share Doubling Time
2010-2015
1 Banga 83,989 9.18 1.93 36
2 Koronadal City 174,942 19.11 2.02 34
3 Lake Sebu 87,442 9.55 2.80 25
4 Norala 46,642 5.10 0.88 78
5 Polomolok 152,589 16.67 1.99 35

APGR
City/Municipality Total Population % Share Doubling Time
2010-2015
6 Sto. Niño 40,947 4.47 0.60 115
7 Surallah 84,539 9.24 2.14 32
8 Tampakan 39,525 4.32 1.74 40
9 Tantangan 43,245 4.72 1.34 51
10 Tboli 91,453 9.99 2.93 24
11 Tupi 69,976 7.65 2.50 28
TOTAL 915,289 1.94 36
2.3.1.2.2 Household Population, Number of Households and Average Household Size
Household population in 2015 is

Household population refers to the total recorded at 912,957. The number of
population less the institutional population or households is 217,944, higher by 31,760
“the population enumerated in households compared to 2010 record of
institutional living quarters or institutions 186,184. This translates to an average
such as jails/prisons, military camps, household size of 4.2 persons in 2015, lower
convents/seminaries, mental hospitals, than the 2010 average household size of
leprosaria, and the like.”1 Average 4.44 persons.
household size is computed by dividing the
The municipalities of Lake Sebu, Norala
household population with the number of
and Tboli have average household sizes
households. higher than the province’s 4.2.
Table 2.3.6 Total Population, HH Population and Number of HH by City/Municipality (2010 and 2015)
2010 2015
City/Municipality Total HH Number HH Total HH Number HH
Population Population of HH Size Population Population of HH Size
1 Banga 76,343 76,334 17,861 4.27 83,989 83,928 21,100 4.0
2 Koronadal City 158,273 157,266 36,581 4.3 174,942 173,900 42,920 4.1
3 Norala 44,635 44,635 10,029 4.45 46,642 46,631 10,601 4.4
4 Polomolok 138,273 138,131 30,865 4.48 152,589 152,366 36,720 4.1
5 Surallah 76,035 75,936 17,316 4.39 84,539 84,426 20,330 4.2
6 Tampakan 36,254 36,232 8,243 4.4 39,525 39,438 9,444 4.2
7 Tantangan 40,461 40,461 9,465 4.27 43,245 43,193 10,396 4.2
8 Tboli 79,175 79,156 17,088 4.63 91,453 91,453 21,441 4.3
9 Tupi 61,843 61,789 14,259 4.33 69,976 69,342 16,695 4.2
10 Sto. Niño 39,738 39,724 9,173 4.33 40,947 40,917 9,719 4.2
11 Lake Sebu 76,170 76,152 15,304 4.98 87,442 87,363 18,578 4.7
TOTAL 827,200 825,816 186,184 4.44 915,289 912,957 217,944 4.2
1
NSO 2010 Census of Population and Housing Technical Notes
Map 2.3.1 Population Size of South Cotabato, 2015
Source: PPDO, 2020
2.3.1.2.3 Age-Sex Distribution
In South Cotabato, young dependents aged 0-14 comprise 33.7% of the household population.
The old dependents (65 years and over) cover 4.2%, while the remaining 62.1% of its population
comprises the economically active or working-age populace (15-64 years). Overall dependency ratio
for the province is 61, which means that for every 100 working-age population, there are about 61
dependents.
Meanwhile, with an overall sex ratio of 105 (105 males for every 100 females), male population
dominates the province with 468,628 counts. Males account for 51.2% while females comprise 48.8%
of the total population in 2015.
The resulting population pyramid of South Cotabato (Figure 2.3.1), which graphically shows the
proportion of the population of a given age and sex with respect to the household population, reflects
an expansive pyramid characterized by a broad base (bigger younger population) that tapers at the
top (smaller older population). A pyramid generally reflects the pattern of fertility, mortality and
migration in the past, wherein a broad-based pyramid is a result of very high fertility or population
growth rate while a narrow-based pyramid indicates low fertility2.The age brackets under 5 (0-4) and
(5-9) have the highest combined percentage share of 23.2%, while the least is in the 80 and over
bracket accounting for only 1.5%.
2
CLUP Guidebook Volume 2, HLURB, 2007

More so, more than half of the female population (51.7%) in the province belongs to the
reproductive age group or child-bearing age of 15-49 years old, recorded at 231,097. The female old
dependents are 21,749 or 4.9% of the female population, compared to only 16,496 male old
dependents or 3.5% of the male population. On the other hand, the female young dependents have
a share of 33.4% (149,394) and male young dependents have a share of 34% (159,487) of their
population.
It is observed that starting the age bracket of 60-64, there is a significant shift in the sex ratio
where females start to outnumber males at a ratio of 92, and ending with 58 males for every 100
females at age 80 and above.
Table 2.3.7 Total Population by Age Group, Sex, South Cotabato (2015)
Age Group Both Sexes Male Female Sex Ratio
Under 1 20,459 10,507 9,952 106

1–4 86,323 44,395 41,928 106
5–9 105,145 54,217 50,928 106
10 – 14 96,954 50,368 46,586 108
15 – 19 91,196 46,186 45,010 103
20 – 24 86,934 44,325 42,609 104
25 – 29 76,982 40,208 36,774 109
30 – 34 65,618 34,460 31,158 111
35 – 39 60,646 31,751 28,895 110
40 – 44 51,895 27,279 24,616 111
45 – 49 46,089 24,054 22,035 109
50 – 54 37,086 18,963 18,123 105
55 – 59 29,361 14,696 14,665 100
60 – 64 22,356 10,723 11,633 92
65 – 69 15,477 7,196 8,281 87
70 – 74 10,132 4,367 5,765 76
75 – 79 6,703 2,755 3,948 70
80 years
5,933 2,178 3,755 58
and over
TOTAL 915,289 468,628 446,661 105

Figure 2.3.1 Age-Sex Pyramid of Household Population, South Cotabato (2015)
17
80 and over
16
75 - 79
15
70 - 74
14
65 - 69
60 - 64 13
55 - 59 12
50 - 54 11
45 - 49 10
9
40 - 44
8
35 - 39
30 - 34 7
25 - 30 6
20 - 24 5
15 - 19 4
10 - 14 3
5-9 2
0- 4 1
80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 20,000 40,000 60,000

MALE FEMALE
Source: PPDO based on 2015 Census of Population and Housing
2.3.1.2.4 Urban-Rural Distribution and Level Urbanization

On the other hand, rural
population in the province
Different countries define ‘urban place’ differently. In
accounts for 47% of the total
the Philippines, the operational definition of ‘urban areas’ population. Most of these are
is provided by PSA-NSCB through PSA-NSCB from the areas where the
Resolution No. 9, series of 20033. From this definition, people are mostly engaged in
the 199 barangays of South Cotabato have been agricultural activities. This
classified into urban and rural. As of 2015 (Table 2.3.8), indicates that the province is
53% of the provincial population is living in urban clearly urbanizing, with more
areas and are mostly located in Koronadal City, which rural population migrating to
is 78% urban, and Polomolok, which is 67% urban, urban centers and absorbed in
the industrial and service
based on the urban-rural population counts per
sectors.
barangay.
3
Definition of Urban Areas:
(1) If a barangay has a population size of 5,000 or more, then a barangay is considered urban, or
(2) If a barangay has at least one establishment with a minimum of 100 employees, a barangay is considered urban, or

Table 2.3.8Total Population and Estimated Urban-Rural Population by City/Municipality
City/Municipality Total Population Urban % Rural %
1 Banga 83,989 45,412 54 38,577 46

2 City of Koronadal 174,942 136,775 78 38,167 22
3 Lake Sebu 87,442 42,822 49 44,620 51
4 Norala 46,642 12,592 27 34,050 73
5 Polomolok 152,589 102,298 67 50,291 33
6 Sto. Niño 40,947 10,149 25 30,798 75
7 Surallah 84,539 45,971 54 38,568 46
8 Tampakan 39,525 12,987 33 26,538 67
9 Tantangan 43,245 8,040 19 35,205 81
10 Tboli 91,453 37,284 41 54,169 59
11 Tupi 69,976 33,720 48 36,256 52
TOTAL 915,289 488,050 53 427,239 47
2.3.1.2.5 Population Density
Koronadal City remains the most densely populated area of South Cotabato in 2015, with 615
persons occupying a square kilometer of land (Table 2.3.9). The ratio is almost three (3) times the
provincial figure of 247 persons per square kilometer. The other most densely populated
municipalities are Polomolok (449), Sto. Niño (376), Surallah (351), Banga (349), Tantangan (343)
and Tupi (307). These population densities are considerably higher than the provincial average. Lake
Sebu, Tboli and Tampakan are the least densely populated municipalities with 98, 113 and 163
persons per square kilometer, respectively.
It can be inferred from the population density figures that the most densely populated areas in
the province are those with active economic activities and those that are nearer to the center of
commerce or seat of government. Except for Sto.Niño, which ranked third since it has the smallest
land area, the most densely populated areas are the three (3) largest economies Koronadal,
Polomolok and Surallah. The trend is also true for the adjacent towns of Koronadal, Banga,
Tantangan and Tupi. Based on the studies, population density may change as a result of natural or
human induced factors.
Table 2.3.9Total Population and Density by Municipality, South Cotabato (2010 and 2015)
Land Area Population Density
City/Municipality 2010 2015
(Sq. Km.) 2010 2015
1 Banga 240.35 76,343 83,989 318 349
2 Koronadal City 284.25 158,273 174,942 557 615
3 Lake Sebu 891.38 76,170 87,442 85 98
4 Norala 194.40 44,635 46,642 230 240
5 Polomolok 339.97 138,273 152,589 407 449
6 Sto. Niño 109.04 39,738 40,947 364 376
(3) If a barangay has 5 or more establishments with a minimum of 10 employees, and 5 or more facilities within the
two-kilometer radius from the barangay hall, then a barangay is considered urban.
Land Area Population Density

City/Municipality 2010 2015
(Sq. Km.) 2010 2015
7 Surallah 241.00 76,035 84,539 315 351
8 Tampakan 242.50 36,254 39,525 150 163
9 Tantangan 126.00 40,461 43,245 321 343
10 Tboli 809.00 79,175 91,453 98 113
11 Tupi 228.00 61,843 69,976 271 307
TOTAL 3,705.89 827,200 915,289 223 247
Source: PPDO Computation based on PSA 2015 Census of Population and Housing
Map 2.3.2 Population Density, South Cotabato, 2015
Source: PPDO, 2020
A comparative data by city/municipality on the historical growth population as well as population

growth rates and density for five (5) censal years show an increasing demographic trend from a
population size of 539,458 in 1990, 690,728 in 2000, 767,255 in 2007, 827,200 in 2010 and 915,289
in 2015. Despite the increasing population size, however, growth rate has only been positively
increasing from a low of 1.82 in 2000-2010, where APGR increased by 0.12 in the 2010-2015 period.
Within a span of 25 years (1990-2015), the number of persons per square kilometer or population
density has naturally increased due to the growing population and the constant area of land occupied.
The bigger rate of population density growth, however, is observed between 2010 and 2015, where
the population density increased by 24, from 223 in 2010 to 247 in 2015.

Table 2.3.10 Population Growth Rates of Different Censuses by Municipality, South Cotabato
Popu- APGR Density Area Area

City/
2000 2007 2010 2015 lation 2015
Municipality 1990- 2000- 2007- 2000- 2010- %
% Share 1990 2000 2007 2010 2015 Sq.km.
2000 2007 2010 2010 2015 Share
1 Banga 69,131 73,355 76,343 83,989 9.2 1.47 0.85 1.34 1.00 1.93 249 288 305 318 349 240.35 6.49
Koronadal
2 133,786 149,622 158,273 174,942 19.1 2.09 1.61 1.89 1.70 2.02 383 471 526 557 615 284.25 7.67
City
3 Lake Sebu 54,142 60,401 76,170 87,442 9.6 4.66 1.58 8.04 3.47 2.80 39 61 68 85 98 891.38 24.05
DRR/CCA-ENHANCED PDPFP 2020-2028 l
4 Norala 40,744 44,070 44,635 46,642 5.1 1.37 1.13 0.43 0.92 0.88 183 210 227 230 240 194.40 5.25
5 Polomolok 110,709 131,436 138,273 152,589 16.7 2.16 2.48 1.70 2.25 1.99 263 326 387 407 449 339.97 9.17
6 Sto. Niño 36,228 38,400 39,738 40,947 4.5 1.88 0.84 1.15 0.93 0.60 276 332 352 364 376 109.04 2.94
7 Surallah 66,208 71,513 76,035 84,539 9.2 2.03 1.11 2.06 1.39 2.14 225 275 297 315 351 241.00 6.50
8 Tampakan 33,011 34,245 36,254 39,525 4.3 2.60 0.53 1.92 0.94 1.74 105 136 141 150 163 242.50 6.54
9 Tantangan 32,636 35,825 40,461 43,245 4.7 2.16 1.34 4.14 2.17 1.34 209 259 284 321 343 126.00 3.40
10 Tboli 60,693 70,609 79,175 91,453 10.0 6.49 2.19 3.89 2.69 2.93 40 75 87 98 113 809.00 21.83
11 Tupi 53,440 57,779 61,843 69,976 7.6 2.14 1.12 2.29 1.47 2.50 190 234 253 271 307 228.00 6.15
TOTAL 690,728 767,255 827,200 915,289 100 2.50 1.51 2.54 1.82 1.94 146 186 207 223 247 3,705.89 100.00
Source: PPDO Computation based on 1.82% APGR and 2015 PSA Census of Population and Housing

PROVINCE OF SOUTH COTABATO
| 2-20
Map 2.3.3 Annual Population Growth Rate of South Cotabato, 2010-2015
Source: PPDO, 2020
2.3.1.2.6 Current and Projected Population by City/Municipality
Using the 1.94% APGR (2010-2015), South Cotabato’s total population from 2016 to 2025 was
projected based on the 2010 Census of Population and Housing. Since the province’s APGR of
1.94% was uniformly applied to all municipalities, the projections do not consider the differences in
APGRs of the component city and towns.
At the end of the planning period in 2028, total population will be 1,164,628. South Cotabato will
reach its one-million mark within the planning period and is projected to do so starting 2020.

Table 2.3.11 Total Population and Population Projection by City/Municipality, South Cotabato (2015-2028)
POPULATION PROJECTION
City/
Municipality
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Banga 83,989 85,618 87,279 88,973 90,699 92,458 94,252 96,080 97,080 98,963 100,883 102,840 104,835 106,869
Koronadal 174,942 178,336 181,796 185,322 188,918 192,583 196,319 200,127 202,209 206,132 210,130 214,207 218,363 222,599
Lake Sebu 87,442 89,138 90,868 92,630 94,428 96,259 98,127 100,031 101,071 103,032 105,030 107,068 109,145 111,263
Norala 46,642 47,547 48,469 49,410 50,368 51,345 52,341 53,357 53,912 54,958 56,024 57,111 58,219 59,348
Polomolok 152,589 155,549 158,567 161,643 164,779 167,976 171,234 174,556 176,372 179,793 183,281 186,837 190,462 194,157
Sto. Niño 40,947 41,741 42,551 43,377 44,218 45,076 45,950 46,842 47,329 48,247 49,183 50,137 51,110 52,102
Surallah 84,539 86,179 87,851 89,555 91,293 93,064 94,869 96,710 97,715 99,611 101,543 103,513 105,522 107,569
Tampakan 39,525 40,292 41,073 41,870 42,683 43,511 44,355 45,215 45,685 46,572 47,475 48,396 49,335 50,292
Tantangan 43,245 44,084 44,939 45,811 46,700 47,606 48,529 49,471 49,985 50,955 51,943 52,951 53,978 55,026
Tboli 91,453 93,227 95,036 96,879 98,759 100,675 102,628 104,619 105,707 107,758 109,848 111,979 114,152 116,366
Tupi 69,976 71,334 72,717 74,128 75,566 77,032 78,527 80,050 80,883 82,452 84,051 85,682 87,344 89,039
TOTAL 915,289 933,046 951,147 969,599 988,409 1,007,584 1,027,131 1,047,058 1,057,947 1,078,471 1,099,394 1,120,722 1,142,464 1,164,628
Source: PPDO Statistical Yearbook, 2017

| 2-22
2.3.1.2.7 Other Demographic Characteristics
Ethnicity
The people of South Cotabato have diverse heritages and are multi-lingual, where the majority
speaks Hiligaynon Ilonggo (452,475). The top three groups in the province in terms of ethnicity are
the Hiligaynon Ilonggos, the Cebuanos and the Tbolis, together comprising 75.7%of the total
household population.
Ilonggos or the people who speak Hiligaynon from Panay and Negros in the Visayas settled
mostly in the towns of Norala, Banga, Surallah, Sto.Niño and Koronadal City. Cebuano (13.3%
including Bisaya), on the other hand, is the main language in the municipalities of Polomolok and
Tupi, (probably due to their proximity to the Cebuano-speaking General Santos City). This is followed
by the dominant indigenous peoples of the province, Tboli (12.8%) and B’laan (5.9%). Other local
ethnicity aggregates all other small ethnic groups that account for less than 5,000 in number per
group.
Table2.3.12 Household Population by Ethnicity and Sex, South Cotabato (2010 Census and 2015 Estimates)
2010 Census 2015 Estimates
Ethnicity
Total Male Female Total Male Female
Akeanon/Aklanon 7,556 4,103 3,453 8,353 4,536 3,817
B’laan/Blaan 48,391 24,749 23,642 53,497 27,361 26,137
Bikol/Bicol 4,258 2,235 2,023 4,707 2,471 2,236
Bisaya/Binisaya 13,999 7,165 6,834 15,476 7,921 7,555
Boholano 8,675 4,625 4,050 9,590 5,113 4,477
Cebuano 110,035 56,533 53,502 121,646 62,498 59,148
Chinese 212 112 100 234 124 111
Hiligaynon Ilonggo 409,287 208,659 200,628 452,475 230,677 221,798
Ilocano 38,515 19,823 18,692 42,579 21,915 20,664
Kapampangan 1,864 1,005 859 2,061 1,111 950
Karay-a 8,015 4,227 3,788 8,861 4,673 4,188
Maguindanao 36,108 18,706 17,402 39,918 20,680 19,238
Manobo 2,078 1,143 935 2,297 1,264 1,034
Manobo-Blit 1,763 867 896 1,949 958 991
Maranao 2,923 1,478 1,445 3,231 1,634 1,597
Tboli/T’boli 106,108 54,193 51,915 117,305 59,912 57,393
Tagakaulo 1,852 997 855 2,047 1,102 945
Tagalog 9,260 4,746 4,514 10,237 5,247 4,990
Tausug 592 299 293 654 331 324
Waray 1,999 1,064 935 2,210 1,176 1,034
Other Local Ethnicity 11,956 6,258 5,698 13,218 6,918 6,299
American/English 26 23 3 29 25 3
Other Foreign Ethnicity 344 207 137 380 229 151
TOTAL 825,816 423,217 402,599 912,957 467,875 445,082
Source: PPDO based on PSA 2015 Census of Population

Marital Status
Table 2.3.13 Household Population 10 Years Old and
45.6% of South Cotabateños are married with Over by Marital Status, Sex, and City Municipality,
more married females than males posting a ratio of South Cotabato (2015)
101 females for every 100 males, followed by the Both
Marital Status Male Female
single individuals (41.8%) with more single males Sexes
than females. The remaining 12.6% of the people Single 293,305 164,159 129,146
are either widowed, separated or in common-law Married 319,760 159,478 160,282
or live-in relationship. Widowed 31,193 6,656 24,537
Divorced/Separated
9,342 4,058 5,284
Except for the single status, females
outnumber males in all other marital status. The big Common-Law/Live-in 47,335 23,497 23,838
disparity in the number of females to males can be Unknown 150 47 103
observed in the ‘widowed’ status, where there are TOTAL 701,085 357,895 343,190
369 widowed females for every 100 widowed Source: PSA 2015 Census of Population
males.
Educational Attainment
Household population distributed according to educational attainment shows that a huge portion
of the population completed elementary and high school education (Table 2.3.14). There are more
males with elementary diploma, while more females finished high school. There are still 41,201
individuals or about 5.1% without even an elementary education or ‘no grade completed’. There are
more college undergraduates at 71,995 than those with college or academic degrees at 68,618.
There are more females with college academic degrees and post baccalaureate degrees.
Table 2.3.14 Household Population 5 Years Old and Over by Highest Educational Attainment and Sex, South Cotabato (2010
and 2015)
2010 Census 2015 Census
Educational HH Population HH Population
Attainment 5 Years Old Male Female 5 Years Old Male Female
and Over and Over
Both Sexes 725,616 371,649 353,967 808, 507 413,726 394,781

No Grade Completed 46,893 23,336 23,557 41,201 20,225 20,976
Preschool 28,903 15,228 13,675 26,668 13,907 12,761
Special Education 148 85 63
Elementary 261,525 143,819 117,706 282,479 156,266 126,213
Highschool 244,947 121,596 123,351 295,190 149,728 145,462
Post Secondary 26,113 13,694 12,419 21,059 9,336 11,723

College Undergraduate 57,537 27,932 29,605 71,995 33,701 38,294
Academic Degree
56,860 24,752 32,108 68,618 30,007 38,611
Holder
Post Baccalaureate 1,157 500 657 915 362 553
Not Stated 1,681 792 889 234 109 125
Source: PSA 2015 Census of Population

2.3.2 Existing Settlement Pattern
Settlement Pattern analysis involves the process of profiling and analyzing the
physical, economic, social, environmental and institutional resources and conditions
existing in a given area or region in order to determine the spatial distribution and
functional relationship of every urban and rural center in relation to their size, structure,
functions, and contribution in development.
The existing functions and contributions of the towns within the province in relation to their
individual characteristics were analyzed guided by Walter Christaller's Central Place Theory4, which
attempts to explain the spatial arrangement of settlements and the functional importance of places.
The initial settlement pattern analysis conducted aimed at describing the existing arrangement, and
then mapping out a proposed pattern of settlements for the province considering the spatial
arrangement of its eleven (11) city and towns.
The resulting spatial arrangement is plotted in the existing hierarchy of settlements (Map 2.3.4),
and guided the plotting of the proposed hierarchy of settlements for the planning period 2020-2028.
The existing and proposed hierarchy of settlements further informed the identification of the existing
and proposed functional roles of each city and municipality in provincial development.
2.3.2.1 Existing Hierarchy of Settlements
Hierarchy of settlements reflect the pattern or form in which settlements are laid out in the
provincial landscape.
The existing hierarchy of settlements plotted out in Map 2.3.4 manifests the spatial arrangement
and distribution of the eleven (11) city and municipalities across space according to their size,
functions, contributions, degree of urbanization, and level and flow of goods and services. It is the
result of the settlement pattern analysis conducted through data analysis, workshops and
consultations using the following parameters and selected indicators per parameter:
• Demography and Spatial Distribution. Demographic analysis yielded information on
population characteristics by city/municipality necessary to assess available human
resources for development, the distribution of people across urban and rural places, and the
presence of critical physical infrastructures and facilities measured in terms of the following
indicators: population size, population growth rate, population density, inventory of existing
urban facilities and infrastructures, and urbanization trend.
• Competitiveness (Economic Indicators). Economic analysis allowed for the identification of
the economic base, economic specialization, and functional roles of the component
settlements in provincial and regional development using the following specific indicators:
productivity, competitive and comparative advantages, and number of businesses and
investments.
• Livability (Social Indicators). Demographic indicators were further compared with the level of
poverty in each settlement. Poverty incidence was used as an indicator for livability.
4
Lecture Notes, SPRING-University of Dortmund, Germany, 2010
• Governance (Institutional Indicators). Institutional analysis was limited to the aspect of local
development financing measured in terms of the city/municipality local revenues, and IRA-
dependency or fiscal autonomy. These indicators tell whether the local economies have
realistically gained from the presence of multi-national companies and the growth of new
investments in the localities.
The elected indicators per parameter were combined, compared, and analyzed; the result of
which shows the settlement pattern of cities/municipalities in the province. The cities/municipalities
are categorized into five (5) levels of hierarchy: Primary Urban Centers, Alternate Urban center, Minor
Urban Center, Intermediate Urban Center and Satellite Center.
Koronadal City, being the provincial capital and the regional center of Region XII, is considered
as a Primary Urban Center of the province. As the Primary Urban Services Center, it is at the top of
the hierarchy serving as both the regional and provincial center for commerce and trade, housing,
education, health and transportation. The city is physically linked with other regional urban centers
by frequent and reliable transportation and road network. It offers diversified commercial, financial,
professional and administrative services, and houses both the regional and provincial offices of the
national line agencies. Koronadal offers higher educational opportunities and more specialized
vocational training, and provides tertiary and specialized hospitals and health clinics. It is a focal point
of the national and regional communications network.
Similarly, with Polomolok coming in second to Koronadal City for the indicators such as
population, population density, and population growth rate, it is now also considered as a Primary
Urban Center of the province. Aside from the indicators related to its population, Polomolok also
plays an important role as an agro-processing zone housing multi-national companies. The dynamic
economic growth of the municipality is also reflected by its high urbanization level, number of
businesses, local revenues, and being the LGU with the highest fiscal autonomy or IRA dependency
at 55.08%.
Surallah, an economic hub in the upper valley area, has jumped up to being an Alternate Urban
Center basing from its population and economic activities. The degree of urbanization and level of
services are lower than those of Koronadal and Polomolok. The municipality serves as a commercial
and trading center in the upper valley area where agricultural products from neighboring rural towns
are brought and marketed. The municipality also provides secondary level urban services as well as
a competitive-level commerce and trade, finance, health, and education sectors.
Meanwhile, Banga and Tupi are both classified as Minor Urban Centers. Because of their
location, being in-between the primary urban center and the alternate urban centers, they create a
link between the two higher level centers by absorbing urban growth and present a viable expansion
area to the overburdened higher urban centers. Also found in these centers are the large plantations
and production areas for commercial crops, as well as tourism support facilities.
Six (6) municipalities are still classified as Emerging Urban Centers due to their predominantly
vast areas devoted to agriculture and strong tourism and mining potentials yet characterized by
limited accessibility, dependence on other urban centers for its marketing needs and other services,
and the general lack of complex specialized functions and services characterizing higher level
centers. Tantangan, Norala, and Sto. Niño are Satellite Centers (A) for Agri-Industrial Development
because of their high crop yield primarily in rice/palay, fruit crops, and vegetable production. Lake
Sebu, Tboli, and Tampakan, on the other hand are Satellite Centers (B) for Agri-Industry-Tourism

Development because of their combined strengths in agricultural, aquaculture and mining production
as well as their rich natural and cultural tourism resources as primary tourism destinations.
Table 2.3.15 Proposed Hierarchy of Settlements by Functional Roles, South Cotabato, 2018
• Provincial and Regional Administrative capital or seat of
governance
• Large shopping centers Koronadal
Primary Urban Center
Polomolok
• Higher-end/Specialized Urban Services Center: Trade, Commerce,
Financial, Health, Education, Residential
• Provincial Agri-Industrial Centers (PAIC)/Special Economic Zones
Alternate Urban Center • Secondary level urban services and functions as commerce and Surallah
trade, finance, health and education
• Expansion area for urban growth
Tupi
Minor Urban Center • Large plantations/production area for commercial crops
Banga
Satellite Centers (A) • Vast rice, fruit crops and vegetable production Tantangan
(Agricultural area/trading/processing center Norala
Production Area) • Expansion area for commercial crops production/trading Sto. Niño
Satellite Centers (B) • Tourism/Inland Fishery Lake Sebu
(Agricultural-Industry- • Corn and commercial crops production Tboli
Tourism Areas) • Mining industry potential Tampakan
Source: PPDO

Map 2.3.4 Existing Hierarchy of Settlements, South Cotabato,
Source: PPDO, 2020

2.4 ECONOMY
2.4.1 Economic Structure
Equitable growth is the primary goal of the provincial government for its city and municipalities.
Hence, it is imperative that the economy be boosted and sustained to serve not only the interests of
the few but most especially the marginalized groups in the province.
There is a significant improvement in the economic status of the South

Cotabateños as shown in the poverty incidence rate of 19.8 % in 2015 from
25.8% in 2012. South Cotabato is the sole province in Region XII that is not included
among the poorest provinces in the country.
So, how does the economy of the province influence the drop in the poverty incidence rate?
South Cotabato’s regional role is being the agro-industrial center in the southern part of
SOCCSKSARGEN for processing high-value crops like pineapple, banana and the prime agricultural
producer of rice, corn and other food crops. Thus, the agriculture and fisheries sector are critical in
generating employment which in turn can reduce poverty and inequality among the poor in the rural
areas. It is also key to providing raw materials to the manufacturing and service sectors, resulting in
forward linkages in terms of higher-paying and more stable job opportunities.
It is also an emerging eco-tourism capital of the region. The municipality of Tboli has shown
tremendous improvement being recognized as an eco-cultural tourism destination gifted not only with
gold reserve, a colorful and well-preserved culture, but also with tourist attractions like Lake Holon,
Bakngeb River Cave and Hidak Falls to name a few. It has paved way to various eco-tourism activities
like hiking and trekking. Aside from that, the flower plantations in the Municipality of Tupi became an
emerging attraction drawing in foreign and local tourists.
The services sector is also dominantly growing with many local people employed in government
service, private commercial establishments, financial and personal services, or in the retail industry.
Just like the rest of the country, remittances from Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) also induce the
local economy with new sources of capital invested or spent in the province.
Agro-processing is growing steadily across the province with the concentration of these activities
located in the rapidly growing town of Polomolok. South Cotabato is home to some of the biggest
agro-industrial companies in the region and the country such as DOLE Philippines, Inc., SUMIFRU,
Lapanday Global Fruits Corporation, Pioneer Hi-Breed Philippines, Truly Natural Food Corporation,
Progressive Farms, Inc., BioTech Farms, Inc., San Miguel Corporation, Monterey Foods Corporation
and Dole Stanfilco. The strong backward and forward linkages created by these agro-industries
produce multiplier effects to the local economy, bringing in massive opportunities for local
employment and increased household income.
The status of Koronadal City, being the regional administrative center of Region XII, poses an
advantage since it opened opportunities for Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and
Exhibitions/Events (MICE) Tourism. It paved way for the construction of more hotels, restaurants and
convention centers and even subdivisions to provide housing to government employees and workers
from all over the region.

In spite of this economic progress, however, is the looming issue of rampant agricultural land
conversion which threatens food source production in the future. Even the municipal waters in Lake
Sebu with the booming fishery sector were greatly affected when “kamahong” or fish kill occurred.
Because of these, maintaining the balance between economic gains and preservation of natural
resources has been the province’s topmost priority while gearing towards its vision and mission.
Provincial Economy Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic
Inevitably, economic crisis is expected from

the COVID 19 pandemic in 2020. The paralyzing Among the economic sub-
effects on the economy of the province are sectors, the most affected are:
experienced among city/municipalities with the Trade, Industry and Investment;
imposition of the Enhanced Community Tourism; and Agriculture, Fishery
Quarantine (ECQ), and General Community and Livestock.
Quarantine (GCQ).
Massive unemployment plagues daily wage earners working for delivery of non-essential goods
and products like retail trade (malls), manufacturing and service activities (computer shops/stores,
RTWs, auto-repair shops and etc.) transport services (public utility buses, public utility vans, public
utility jeepneys and public utility tricycles), personal services (beauty shops, barber shops and spas),
and tourism and hospitality industry (travel and tour operators and recreational establishments).The
members of the informal economy suffer the hardest blow as some of them are the owners and
workers of their own business. The temporary suspension of businesses results in economic havoc
among the investors/owners of these particular types of businesses. Economic losses are
experienced on both ends by employers and employees.
Trade, Industry & Investment
Using the Business Permit and Licensing System (BPLS) data, the tables below show the impact
of the pandemic covering the first and second quarter of 2020 in comparison to the 2019 data of the
same period.
There is a significant decrease of 55% in the amount of capitalization in the province. The
Municipalities of Polomolok (-83%), Norala (-77%) and Sto. Niño (-61%) suffered the largest decline.
However, the Municipalities of Banga (94%), Surallah (36%), Tampakan (21%), and Tupi (6%) were
not affected as shown in the increase in capitalization.
Table 2.4.1. Amount of Capitalization for 1st and 2nd Quarter, 2019-2020, South Cotabato
Amount of Capitalization
City/Municipality
2019 2020 % of increase and decrease
Banga 8,414,461.04 16,393,935.00 95 %
Koronadal 550,115,156.93 315,118,523.75 -43 %
Lake Sebu 101,554,150 65,398,908.31 -36 %
Norala 28,587,500 6,490,000.00 -77 %
Polomolok 616,229,023.64 102,913,363.32 -83 %
Tampakan 23,719,713.38 28,671,250.00 21 %
Tantangan 7,016,105.60 5,845,000.00 -17 %
Tupi 20,362,582.00 21,646,600.00 6%
Surallah 43,862,796.67 59,531,439.00 36 %
Sto.Niño 20,646,000.00 7,982,000.00 -61 %
Tboli 21,677,000.00 16,865,000.00 -22 %
TOTAL 1,442,184,489.26 646,856,019.38 -55 %
Source: DILG Data Capture Form from City/Municipality BPLOs, 2020
Figure 2.4.1. Amount of Capitalization for 1st and 2nd Quarter, 2019-2020, South Cotabato
.
2020 2019
T’boli 16,865,000.00
21,677,000.00
Sto.Niño 7,982,000.00
20,646,000.00
Surallah 59,531,439.00
43,862,796.67
Tupi 21,646,600.00
20,362,582.00
Tantangan 5,845,000.00
7,016,105.60
Tampakan 28,671,250.00
23,719,713.38
Polomolok 102,913,363.32
616,229,023.64
Norala 6,490,000.00
28,587,500
Lake Sebu 65,398,908.31

101,554,150
Koronadal 315,118,523.75
550,115,156.93
Banga 16,393,935.00
8,414,461.04
Consequently, the number of closed businesses increased by 10.47% or 327 closed business in
2020 from 296 closed business in 2019. The municipality of Polomolok has the greatest number of
closed businesses at 318.18% or 92 closed business in 2020 from 22 closed business in 2019. Only
the Municipality of Tboli has not experienced a decline since only one (1) business closed during the
cited period.
Table 2.4.2 Number of Closed Businesses for 1st and 2nd Quarter, 2019-2020, South Cotabato
Number of Closed Businesses
City/Municipality
Banga 4 6 50 %
Koronadal 138 125 -9 %
Lake Sebu 4 7 75 %
Norala 13 16 23 %
Polomolok 22 92 318 %
Tampakan 9 5 -44 %
Tantangan 25 10 -60 %
Tupi 30 29 -3 %
Surallah 21 12 -43 %
Sto.Niño 29 24 -17 %
Tboli 1 1 0%
TOTAL 296 327 10 %

Figure 2.4.2. Number of Closed Businesses for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020, South Cotabato
160
138
140
125
120
100 92
80
60
40 30 29 29
22 25 24
21
20 13 16 10 12
9
4 6 4 7 5
1 1
0
Banga Koronadal Lake Sebu Norala Polomolok Tampakan Tantangan Tupi Surallah Sto.Niño T’boli
2019 2020
Despite the pandemic, the business and investment climate of the city and municipalities was
not directly affected as shown in the succeeding tables and discussion below. It can be assumed that
the data on Number of New Business, Number of New Employees, Number of Renewed Business,
Number of Renewed Employee and Amount of Gross Sales do not exhibit a decrease since the
business licensing through the Business One Stop Shop is conducted in January. The convenience
of the program of the Business Processing and Licensing Offices (BPLOs) of LGUs would have
resulted to an influx of businessmen to renew or get their permits during the first quarter of 2020.
The data on the number of new businesses shows an increase of 17% in 2020. Majority of the
increase in figure is attributed to the municipalities of Tupi (99%), Lake Sebu (76%), Polomolok (58%)
and Norala (56%). The decrease in the number of new businesses was observed in the municipalities
of Sto. Niño (-67%), Tantangan (-41%), Tampakan (-26%) and, the City of Koronadal (-23%).
Table 2.4.3. Number of New Businesses for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020, South Cotabato
Number of New Businesses
City/Municipality
Banga 79 104 32 %
Koronadal 465 357 -23 %
Lake Sebu 54 95 76 %
Norala 65 102 57 %
Polomolok 403 640 59 %
Tampakan 129 92 -27 %
Tupi 145 289 99 %
Surallah 120 124 3%
Sto.Niño 91 30 -67 %
Tboli 141 177 26 %
TOTAL 1,744 2042 17 %

Figure 2.4.3. Number of New Businesses for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020, South Cotabato
2019 2020
640
465
403
357
289
177
145 141
129 120 124
104 95 102 92 91
79
54 65 55
32 30
It is expected that the increase in the number of new businesses is directly proportional to the
number of new employees. However, only a minimal figure of 2.66% increase was recorded since
only three municipalities showed a leap from the previous year. The Municipality of Lake Sebu has
the biggest increase in the number of new employees at 167%. It was followed by the municipalities
of Tupi (60%) and Polomolok (54%). The biggest dip was observed in the Municipality of Tantangan
at -86%.
Table 2.4.4. Number of New Employees (New Businesses) for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020, South Cotabato
Number of Employees (New Business)
City/Municipality
Banga 365 342 -6 %
Koronadal 949 715 -25 %
Lake Sebu 152 406 167 %
Norala 184 145 -21 %
Polomolok 792 1219 54 %
Tampakan 189 187 -1 %
Tupi 277 445 61 %
Surallah 200 187 -7 %
Sto.Niño 270 164 -39 %
Tboli 390 311 -20 %
TOTAL 4,052 4160 3%

Figure 2.4.4. Number of New Employees (New Businesses) for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020, South Cotabato
2019 2020
1219
949
792
715
445
406 390
365 342
311
284 277 270
184 189 187 200 187
152 145 164
39
The data on the number of Renewed Business revealed an overall increase of 0.15%. Majority
of the municipalities has an increased number of renewed businesses with the municipality of Sto.
Niño taking the lead at 16%, followed by the Municipality of Tantangan (12%) and next in rank is the
Municipality of Lake Sebu (8.2%). Only the Municipality of Tampakan experienced a decrease of -
49%.
Table 2.4.5. Number of Renewed Businesses for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020, South Cotabato
Number of Renewed Business
City/Municipality
Banga 409 437 7%
Koronadal 4,086 4,229 3%
Lake Sebu 267 289 8%
Norala 366 372 2%
Polomolok 2,880 3,014 5%
Tampakan 961 494 -49 %
Tantangan 213 239 12 %
Tupi 887 892 1%
Surallah 1,140 1,176 3%
Sto.Niño 443 515 16 %
Tboli 843 857 2%
TOTAL 12,495 12,514 0.15 %

Figure 2.4.5. Number of Renewed Businesses for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020, South Cotabato
2019 2020
4,229
4,086
3,014
2,880
1,176
1,140
961 887 892 843 857
409 437 366 372

494 443 515
267 289 213 239
The Number of Renewed Employees from renewed business follows the same trend with an
increase of 5.2%. The Municipality of Tantangan has the greatest number of renewed employees at
78%. The dip was observed in the City of Koronadal at a negligible rate of -0.07% and the Municipality
of Tampakan at -21%.
Table 2.4.6. Number of Renewed Employees (Renewed Businesses) for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020, South Cotabato)
Number of Renewed Employees (Renewed Business)
City/Municipality
Banga 1,570 1,888 20 %
Koronadal 19,529 19,514 -0.08 %
Lake Sebu 970 1,017 5%
Norala 1,087 1,223 13 %
Polomolok 29,681 32,224 9%
Tampakan 1,785 1,404 -21 %
Tantangan 512 916 79 %
Tupi 4,593 4,691 2%
Surallah 4,434 4,926 11 %
Sto.Niño 1,457 1,551 6%
Tboli 6,821 6,885 1%
TOTAL 72,439 76,239 5%

Figure 2.4.6. Number of Renewed Employees (Renewed Businesses) for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020, South Cotabato
32,224
29,681
19,514
19,529
6,885
4,691 6,821
4,926
4,593 4,434
1,888 1,017 1,223 1,404 1,551
1,785 916
1,570 1,087 1,457
970 512
2019 2020
The number of Gross Sales shows an increase of 19%. Of the city and municipalities, only the
Municipality of Norala experienced a decrease of -25%. The highest amount of gross sales was
recorded in the Municipality of Banga at 678% and Municipality of Lake Sebu at 168%. The other
LGUs exhibited minimal increases.
Table 2.4.7. Gross Sales for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020, South Cotabato
Amount of Gross Sales
City/Municipality
Banga 666,379,027.72 5,185,153,814.33 678 %
Koronadal 17,066,645,013.10 18,485,267,791.55 8%
Lake Sebu 195,416,666.84 523,511,890.27 168 %
Norala 510,939,728.38 380,910,705.75 -25 %
Polomolok 23,575,491,427.62 27,301,209,484.00 16 %
Tampakan 655,984,924.74 729,299,614.84 11 %
Tantangan 176,286,899.88 217,455,211.32 23 %
Tupi 3,206,666,104.74 3,425,137,489.30 7%
Surallah 8,3156,681,540.09 8,494,996,464.41 2%
Sto.Niño 290,641,003.14 348,098,028.31 20 %
Tboli 2,245,666,241.24 2,431,003,349.34 8%
TOTAL 59,905,798,577.49 67,522,043,843.42 19 %

Figure 2.4.7. Gross Sales for 1st and 2nd Quarter,2019-2020, South Cotabato
83,156,681,540.09
2019 2020
27,301,209,484.00
23,575,491,427.62
18,485,267,791.55
17,066,645,013.10
8,494,996,464.41
5,185,153,814.33
3,425,137,489.30
3,206,666,104.74
2,431,003,349.34
2,245,666,241.24
729,299,614.84
655,984,924.74
666,379,027.72
523,511,890.27
510,939,728.38
380,910,705.75
348,098,028.31
290,641,003.14
217,455,211.32
195,416,666.84
176,286,899.88
BANGA K O R O N A D A LL A K E S E B U NORALA POLOMOLOKTAMPAKAN TANTANGAN TUPI SURALLAH STO.NIÑO T’BOLI
Agriculture, Fishery and Livestock farmers and investors suffer from loss of profits due to limited
buyers and “bagsakan” areas brought about primarily by the restriction of movement of people and
some goods during the ECQ. The restricted movement of consumers to supermarkets, local markets
and “talipapa” and limited income of affected sectors have also changed their buying patterns.
Consumers prefer to stock groceries like canned goods to avoid the long lines in groceries and take-
out counters. Most consumers also choose food/grocery deliveries ordered online. Before,
consumers are dependent on our farmers for food production.
However, with the pandemic, many people are now practicing backyard gardening. Moreover,
rice farmers have enjoyed higher price and demand for their harvests as large volumes of rice are
needed for the distribution of relief goods and food packs by local governments at all levels –
provincial, city/municipal, barangay.
The impact of the pandemic on the local economy has created a pattern of new normal. Certain
industries, which involve mass gatherings especially among recreational facilities/ establishments,
suffer the most impact since it is prohibited in both the ECQ and GCQ. Emerging businesses like
online stores, rolling stores, delivery services are the most in demand as of the moment. Urban
gardening has also become a welcome option for many households.
Food Security
In the midst of this crisis, South Cotabato is self-sufficient to supply the food demands of its
population for the entire year as observed in surpluses in the production of major food crops and
livestock. Food security, translates to having adequate supplies of appropriate food at affordable
prices, may be achieved through self-sufficiency (i.e. ensuring adequate food supplies from domestic
production), through self-reliance (i.e. ensuring adequate food supplies through a combination of
domestic production and importation), or through pure importation (HLURB CLUP Vol. 2 – Sectoral
Studies).

Taking into consideration the actual food consumption of the people (also considering the
required food intake based on nutritional standards) of South Cotabato based on the Philippine
Statistics Authority’s study on the consumption of agricultural products in the Philippines (2017), the
actual demand for food of the province was compared to the supply of food being locally-produced
in order to have a more realistic forecast of the province’s food security level. South Cotabato’s 2020
projected population of 1,007,584 was used in forecasting demand for agricultural products.
Table 2.4.8. Food Security Analysis of Cereals, Root Crops, Vegetables Legumes and Condiments, South Cotabato
Annual Per Capita Projected Estimated Estimated
SURPLUS/
Commodity Consumption per Year Population Monthly Food Monthly Food
DEFICIT
(kg.) ** (2020) DEMAND (MT) SUPPLY (MT)
Cereals
Rice 124.84 1,007,585 10,482.24 35,557.83 25,075.59
Corn 1.16 1,007,585 97.40 7,293.00 7,195.60
Root Crops
Sweet Potato 3.21 1,007,585 269.53 199.00 -70.53
Cassava 1.27 1,007,585 106.64 2587.92 2,481.28
Gabi 0.42 1,007,585 35.27 6.29 -28.98
White Potato 0.21 1,007,585 17.63 114.00 96.37
Vegetables, Legumes And Condiments
Ampalaya 1.55 1,007,585 130.15 83.33 -46.81
Eggplant 4.86 1,007,585 408.07 67.90 -340.17
Squash 2.78 1,007,585 233.42 360.83 127.41
Okra 1.19 1,007,585 99.92 65.58 -34.34
String beans 1.96 1,007,585 164.57 6.61 -157.96
Tomato 4.95 1,007,585 415.63 345.50 -70.13
Onion 2.56 1,007,585 214.95 2.75 -212.20
Garlic 0.78 1,007,585 65.49 0.92 -64.58
Data Source: OPAG Report – Rice and Corn Accomplishment as of December, 2019; PSA 2018 for Root Crops and Vegetables
**PSA Data: Consumption of Agricultural Products in the Philippines
The Food Security Analysis shows that the province is self-sufficient, that is, it can adequately
supply the requirement of its 2020 projected population of 1,007,584 solely from domestic production,
in the following:
a.) Cereals: Rice and Corn
b.) Root Crops: Cassava and White Potato
c.) Vegetables, Legumes and Condiments: Squash
d.) Fruits: Banana, Mango, Pineapple, Ripe Papaya and Calamansi
e.) Livestock and Poultry: Pork, Beef, Carabeef, Chevon, Chicken, Chicken Egg
Expecting that the community quarantine might extend for the next three (3) months from March,
there is a need to look into the sufficiency level of rice – the province’s staple food, during the
lockdown months for most socio-economic activities. There is also a need to consider whether
projected quantity of local harvest would be adequate to supply the locality’s rice needs, including
those to be supplied for the distribution of relief goods or food packs. Looking at the specific supply-
demand projection for the months of April, May and June, rice will remain self-sufficient despite the
projected deficit in production in the month of June 2020. Deficit in June will be covered by surplus
harvest in the months of April and May 2020. Surplus harvest from January-March 2020 can also
further augment rice needs for April-June 2020.

Table 2.4.9. Projected Rice Self-sufficiency for the Months of April-May-June, 2020, South Cotabato
Projected Volume
Harvesting Month Planting Month Area Planted Production Monthly Demand for Surplus/ Deficit
to be Harvested
(2020) (2020) (Has.) Yield Rice (Mt) (Mt)
(Mt)
January 2020 October 2019 10,156 4.5 45,702.00 10,482.24 35,219.76
February 2020 November 2019 9,846 4.5 44,307.00 10,482.24 33,824.76
March 2020 December 2019 6,731 4.5 30,289.50 10,482.24 19,807.26
SURPLUS PRODUCTION FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY-MARCH 2020) 88,851.78
April 2020 January 2020 2,780 4.5 12,510 10,482.24 2,027.76
May 2020 February 2020 6,451 4.5 29,030 10,482.24 18,547.26
June 2020 March 2020 1,737 4.5 7,817 10,482.24 - 2,665.74
SURPLUS PRODUCTION FOR THE PERIOD APRIL-JUNE 2020 17,909.28
Note: Rice Production includes Irrigated, Rainfed, Lowland and Upland.
Data Source: OPAG, 2020
The province domestically produces adequate fruits for the nutritional requirements of its
population such as banana, mango, pineapple, papaya and calamansi, hence, generally self-
sufficient. However, the province cannot sufficiently locally-produce vegetables, legumes and
condiments like ampalaya, eggplant, okra, string beans, tomato, onion and garlic. Hence, the
province is only self-reliant in these commodities, thus, we need to import these products outside the
province and combine with its domestic production. As to livestock and poultry, only duck production
is not enough to cover the population’s consumption.
Table 2.4.10. Food Security Analysis of Fruits, South Cotabato, 2017

Annual Per
Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated
Capita
Projected Monthly Monthly Quarterly Quarterly
Consumption SURPLUS/ SURPLUS/
Commodity Population Food Food Food Food
(PSA Data) DEFICIT DEFICIT
(2020) DEMAND SUPPLY DEMAND SUPPLY
per Year
(MT) (MT) (MT) (MT)
(kg.)**
Banana
(Saba and 12.52 1,007,585 1,051.25 11,361.78 10,310.53 3,153.74 34,085.35 30,931.60
Others)
Mango 1.25 1,007,585 104.96 246.17 141.21 314.87 738.50 423.63
Pineapple 1.76 1,007,585 147.78 80,907.83 80,760.05 443.34 242,723.50 242,280.16
Papaya
2.41 1,007,585 202.36 11,446.33 11,243.98 607.07 34,339.00 33,731.93
(Ripe)
Calamansi 0.65 1,007,585 54.58 259.83 205.26 163.73 779.50 615.77
Data Source: PSA, 2018
**PSA Data: Consumption of Agricultural Products in the Philippines (2017)
Table 2.4.11. Food Security Analysis of Livestock and Poultry, South Cotabato, 2017
Estimated Estimated
Annual Per Estimated
Monthly Estimated Quarterly
Capita Surplus/ Quarterly Surplus/
Commodity Food Monthly Food Food
Consumption per Deficit Food Supply Deficit
Demand Supply (MT) Demand
Year (kg.)** (MT)
(MT) (MT)
Pork 8.82 740.57 2,377.17 1,636.60 2,221.72 7,131.51 4,909.78
Beef 1.93 162.05 705.17 543.12 486.16 2,115.50 1,629.35
Carabeef 0.33 27.71 369.28 341.57 83.13 1,107.84 1,024.71
Chevon 0.14 11.76 57.92 46.16 35.27 173.77 138.49
Chicken 5.15 432.17 1,564.38 1,132.21 1,296.51 4,693.14 3,396.63
Duck 0.86 72.46 14.70 -57.51 216.63 44.11 -172.52
Chicken
57.91* 4,862,437 29,116,958 24,254,521 14,587,311 72,763,563 58,176,251
Egg*
Source: Provincial Veterinary Office, 2019
In terms of South Cotabato’s actual demand for fish and other marine products, the province
relies mostly from nearby areas especially for Tuna, Milkfish, Galunggong, Shrimp and Mussels.
While it is a major producer of Tilapia in Region XII, its local production is currently not adequate to
sufficiently provide the demands even of its own population.
Table 2.4.12. Food Security Analysis of Fish and Other Marine Products, South Cotabato, 2017
Annual Per Estimated Estimated
Estimated Estimated
Capita Monthly Quarterly
Projected Monthly Quarterly
Consumption Food Surplus/ Food Surplus/
Commodity Population Food Food
(PSA Data) SUPPLY Deficit SUPPLY Deficit
(2020) DEMAND DEMAND
per Year (PSA (PSA
(MT) (MT)
(kg.)** Data) (MT) Data) (MT)
Tilapia 3.11 1,007,585 261.13 123.08 -138.06 783.40 369.23 -414.17
Milkfish 2.87 1,007,585 240.98 2.25 -238.73 722.94 6.74 -716.20
Source: PSA (including Gen. Santos City), 2018
Competitive Advantage, Comparative Advantage and Emerging Products
Being an agricultural zone, the province’s economy relies largely on the production of cereals,
vegetables and crops. Table 2.4.1 shows the product advantages of South Cotabato in the region.
The competitive, comparative and emerging products of the province are identified in order to
evaluate which of the products are to be sustained in terms of production, and which need to be
further supported in order to increase productivity and eventually reach the international market.
Table 2.4.13 Competitive and Comparative Advantage, South Cotabato, 2019
Competitive Comparative Emerging

Advantage Advantage Products In Region XII, South Cotabato is still the top
producer of pineapple, papaya and corn.
Pineapple Banana Coffee
Papaya Mango Oil Palm/Pal Oil
Corn Palay Bamboo The said crops are classified as the province’s competitive
Coconut Pottery advantage with existing international market. The
Cassava Gold pineapples produced by the province reach the markets of
Asparagus Silver Japan, US, China and Europe while papayas are being
Cacao Copper
exported to Middle East,Dubai, Singapore and Malaysia.
Abaca Coal
On the other hand, corn produce of the province are being
Tilapia
sent to countries within South East Asia.
Source: PSA, 2019
The province has a comparative advantage for banana, mango, palay, coconut, cassava,
cacao, abaca and asparagus since it produces at a volume higher than the other regions but still
requires a bigger volume to gain foreign market. Asparagus, for instance, no longer have an
international market. Thus, it is no longer a priority commodity of the province and was removed from
the Provincial Commodity Investment Plan (PCIP). During the validation with various stakeholders,
however, it was agreed that asparagus be retained as a comparative advantage of the province to
encourage the Provincial Agriculture Office and Department of Agriculture to support its production.
Additionally, cassava and cacao are among the priority commodities under the Philippine Rural
Development Program (PRDP). In the previous PDPFP, cacao was only an emerging product but
because of the different projects under PRDP, production increased.

Coffee, oil palm/palm oil, bamboo, pottery, gold, silver, copper and coal are the products with
high potentials for production and value adding. They are now among the priorities of the provincial
government, particularly the Office of the Provincial Agriculturist, in terms of increasing their
productivity and market value to be able to compete with the other provinces in the region.
2.4.2 Trade, Industry and Investment
The strong linkage between the government and the business sector results in an increasing
number of investments in the province. The passage of the revised South Cotabato Investment Code
in 2014 is expected to attract more investors to locate in this part of Mindanao. The City of Koronadal
in particular is now getting higher demands for food, institutional spaces, housing, tourism, health
and wellness facilities, and other important amenities to cater to the growing population being the
Provincial Capital and Regional Center of Region XII. The latter role of Koronadal City is seen to
further propel the growth of the entire province as the province also endeavors to support the city in
providing a conducive environment for regional development.
The data under the investment sub-sector are limited to the total number of investments or
businesses, employment generated, amount of capitalization, and total gross income that is not
disaggregated into specific industry classifications.
2.4.2.1 Number of New Investments
The dynamism of the local economy is best manifested by the number of new and continuing
investments. Despite the threats of insurgencies and the restrictions of Martial Law, the province
succeeded in providing an enabling environment for businesses and in generating opportunities for
employment. This was affirmed when South Cotabato emerged as the 2nd Most Competitive
Province in the Country in the 2017 Competitiveness Index by the National Competitiveness Council.
In a span of five years (2013 to 2017), there is an average increase of 2.03%. `The chart below
shows an increasing trend from 2013 to 2017. A decrease was only observed in 2016.
Figure 2.4.8 Number of New Investments, South Cotabato, 2013-2017

3,000 Of the eleven component
2,843
2,500
municipalities/city, the
2,000 1,916 2,063 2,076 2,026
Municipality of Polomolok
1,500
recorded the greatest
1,000
500
number of businesses
0 registered from 2013 to
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2017.
Source: DILG Data Capture Form from City/Municipality BPLOs
It has surpassed the record of the City of Koronadal in the previous years. In 2014 to 2015, Koronadal
City experienced a 20% decline and only 0.16 % increase by 2015 to 2016. Furthermore, Polomolok
manifested a consistent increase in 2015 at 33% and 41% in 2017.
Among the municipalities, Tantangan showed the least number of investments with only 49 in
2017 and it was followed by Tampakan with 69 investments.

Table2.4.14. Number of New Registered Businesses by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2013-2017

Number Of Investment
City/Municipality
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Banga 71 67 80 30 90
Koronadal 520 613 593 594 662
Lake Sebu 124 173 21 96 84
Norala 24 63 90 92 92
Polomolok 645 346 518 484 821
Sto. Niño 40 22 48 52 128
Surallah 146 205 210 165 164
Tantangan 23 90 42 33 49
Tampakan 48 69 64 68 69
Tboli 134 221 163 152 229
Tupi 141 194 247 260 455
TOTAL 1,916 2,063 2,076 2,026 2,843
Source: DILG/ LGU Baseline Data Capture Form
2.4.2.2 Number of Employment Generated
It was observed that as the number of investments in the province increases, the number of
employment also increases. For new employments, the huge increase was recorded between 2015
and 2016 at about 22.94 %. Also, the highest recorded number of employment renewals was from
2013 to 2014 at 14. 52%.
The data for manpower as shown in Table 2.4.3 reflect the number of individuals employed in
the various industries in the province from 2015 to 2017. In the five-year data shown below, the City
of Koronadal has the highest number of new employees with 6, 228 and followed by the municipalities
of Polomolok (3,722), Tboli (2,759), Tupi (1,938) and Surallah (1,317), respectively. For renewals,
the municipality of Polomolok tops the list with 93, 821 renewed employees while the City of
Koronadal comes second with 73,109 renewals and followed by the municipalities of Tboli (24,950)
and Surallah (18,663).
2.4.2.3 Amount of New Investments
Figure 2.4.9 Number of Employees, South Cotabato, 2015–2017
Employment (New) 5079

2017
Employment (Renewal) 55211

2016

2015

2014

2013
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
Source: DILG/LGU Data Capture Form from Municipal/City BPLO

There is a huge dip in the number of investments in 2014 at -75 % which is reflected in Table
2.4.5 showing a huge decrease in investment in the City of Koronadal. Investments in the province,
however, gained new momentum with an increase that can be observed from 2015 to 2016.
Table2.4.15 Manpower by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2015-2017

Employment (New) Employment (Renewal)
City/Municipality
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Banga 506 52 85 89 149 1,168 686 643 637 937
Koronadal 1,314 1,151 1,307 1,101 1,355 13,161 14,273 14,764 15,045 15,866
Lake Sebu 49 78 115 125 198 813 942 540 629 838
Norala 32 36 183 156 159 265 220 459 723 828
Polomolok 561 881 518 721 1,041 16,951 17,832 18,713 18,858 21,467
Sto. Niño 42 30 192 282 339 920 1,092 1,120 1,548 1,760
Surallah 181 259 237 294 346 2,988 4,316 4,006 3,572 3,781
Tantangan 7 20 65 26 96 164 176 214 280 384
Tampakan 7 69 56 34 86 764 778 1,073 1,010 1,016
Tboli 326 452 692 539 750 2,331 4,651 6,098 5,591 6,279
Tupi 26 192 128 1,032 560 260 596 1,050 1,751 2,055
TOTAL 3,051 3,220 3,578 4,399 5,079 39,785 45,562 48,680 49,644 55,211
Figure 2.4.10 New Investments, South Cotabato, 2013-2017

3,000,000,000
Koronadal City is
2,500,000,000 2,596,147,371
consistently on top
among the component
2,000,000,000
1,703,825,606
local government units
1,500,000,000 1,528,208,028 1,593,531,028 in terms of
capitalization from 2013
1,000,000,000
to 2017. It has reached
629,752,227 P4.5 billion in investments
500,000,000
with Polomolok coming
0 only second at P 1.8
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
billion.
Source: DILG/LGU Data Capture Form from Municipal/City BPLO
The municipality of Tupi is third in rank with a total of P 654,973,825.23 in investment and followed
by Surallah with P488,655,597.97. The municipality of Tboli, which is among the top 2 with the highest
poverty incidence in South Cotabato, is ranked fifth with a total investment of P151, 712, 128. Tboli’s
highest investment amounting to P40,654,893 was recorded in 2017, which can be attributed to the
boost in tourism-related investments.
Table2.4.16 New Investments by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2013-2017

Investment
City/Municipality
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Banga 36,195,253.00 7,769,000.00 8,756,169.70 29,707,065.00 47,979,067.00
Koronadal 2,275,239,431.00 304,071,754.04 935,336,786.16 558,965,858.23 510,145,468.06
Lake Sebu 3,190,000.00 6,023,987.50 6,023,982.50 15,583,973.00 12,245,159.00
Norala 2,836,000.00 3,118,500.00 14,121,500.00 20,139,000.00 8,183,870.00

Investment
City/Municipality
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Polomolok 194,924,784.00 199,379,237.47 177,162,318.90 426,099,008.30 803,624,675.60
Sto. Niño 5,530,000.00 7,060,000.00 5,606,660.00 13,632,000.00 31,790,000.00
Surallah 25,649,800.00 33,155,092.00 281,206,838.70 84,635,931.27 64,007,936.00
Tantangan 6,604,000.00 5,344,000.00 3,400,000.00 13,360,695.28 16,178,800.00
Tampakan 6,740,400.00 8,416,656.00 10,842,000.00 9,932,248.89 4,863,400.00
Tboli 21,501,000.00 33,559,500.00 40,654,893.00 15,341,842.00 40,654,893.00
Tupi 17,736,702.84 21,854,500.00 45,096,879.00 516,427,984.25 53,857,759.14
TOTAL 2,596,147,371 629,752,227 1,528,208,028 1,703,825,606 1,593,531,028
Source: DILG Data Capture Form from Municipal/City BPLO
2.4.2.4 Gross Sales
The average gross sales for the province for the past five years (2013 to 2017) is at 10.13%. It
was affected by the -4.2% decrease observed in 2016.
The City of Koronadal and the Municipality of Tupi showed a consistent increase in their gross
sales. The data on the municipalities of Norala, Tampakan and Tboli appear to have an erratic trend,
with an increase in a certain year and decrease in the following year. On the other hand, the
municipality of Banga has shown an increase in their gross sales only in 2014. The municipalities of
Lake Sebu, Surallah and Tantangan experienced a decline in 2016 while the municipality of Sto. Niño
had a decrease in 2015.
Figure 2.4.11 Gross Sales of Businesses, South Cotabato, 2013-2017
50,000,000,000
44,031,144,770
40,000,000,000 39,547,986,467 37,833,478,377
34,330,191,237
30,000,000,000 30,339,002,695
20,000,000,000
10,000,000,000
0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Table2.4.17 Gross Sales by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2013-2017

Gross Sales
City/Municipality
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Banga 728,012,391.00 854,024,091.27 795,490,122.07 436,723,831.51 595,013,381.89
Koronadal 8,751,174,387.94 8,974,403,781.45 10,928,343,196.07 11,332,773,853.15 13,868,546,285.24
Lake Sebu 40,184,587.63 53,385,091.12 53,385,091.12 77,558,131.83 133,559,196.82
Norala 146,636,210.50 155,476,293.00 153,397,272.81 136,702,085.00 166,987,873.15
Polomolok 14,934,584,253.98 17,704,834,696.82 17,322,471,872.00 18,480,503,788.00 20,958,396,918.23
Sto. Niño 167,024,844.00 168,515,000.00 117,063,482.51 210,134,306.06 220,728,973.65
Surallah 2,780,241,220.43 3,918,637,650.25 5,262,385,955.00 2,192,562,372.11 3,184,614,455.38
Tantangan 30,444,544.30 154,731,805.23 232,364,999.91 107,757,036.20 143,006,037.68
Tampakan 623,757,533.94 468,431,690.72 494,380,258.34 484,924,499.80 555,808,015.24
Tboli 476,768,749.96 199,665,920.31 2,394,456,410.83 2,578,575,818.51 2,171,210,501.01
Tupi 1,660,173,971.14 1,678,085,216.77 1,794,247,806.13 1,795,262,655.22 2,033,273,131.74
TOTAL 30,339,002,695 34,330,191,237 39,547,986,467 37,833,478,377 44,031,144,770
2.4.2.5 Commerce and Industries
Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)
The MSMEs in the Province of South Cotabato are among the economic drivers in the province
and serve as a main source of additional income to the populace.
To boost entrepreneurship, the province supported the establishment of the NEGOSYO

CENTERS in the City/Municipal Local Government Units. These bring government services and
assistance closer to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) for them to grow and flourish.
To further promote the MSME’s viability and growth, the Provincial Development Council
endorsed the reactivation of the Medium, Small, and Medium Enterprise Development Council of
South Cotabato through PDC Resolution No. 2016-19.
In 2016, South Cotabato launched the Search for the Most Outstanding Micro and Small
Enterprises in South Cotabato. A year after, the Sangguniang Panlalawigan enacted Ordinance No.
23 series of 2017, institutionalizing the Dangal ng South Cotabato: Employee Integrity Award and
Enterprise Integrity Awards to give recognition to the different private business enterprises that have
successfully implemented strategies and mechanisms, which promote integrity in the conduct of their
business operations.
Small Scale Mining Industries
Small Scale mining is still considered as an informal sector in the Philippines. In South Cotabato,
however, the provincial government through the Provincial Environment Management Office (PEMO)
is trying to formalize it by capacitating the small-scale mining operators. In 2013, Executive Order
No. 37 was issued by the Provincial Governor to intensify small-scale mining permitting and safety
regulations, wherein interested workers in the mines must secure identification cards after going
through a series of training on mine safety, environment protection and disaster preparedness. This
strategy addressed child labor issues in the mining industry. The flourishing industry has also paved
opportunities for indigenous peoples to earn a living.
In 2015, a Minahang Bayan Center was opened to serve as a one stop shop dedicated to
address the needs of the industry players, especially the processing of their required permits and
licenses.
The small scale mining industry has impacted the all-time high P31 million of
Sand, Gravel and Mining (SGM) in 2018 considered to be the biggest in the
region.
Because of South Cotabato’s exemplary performance, it was chosen by the International Labor
Organization (ILO) as one of the two pilot provinces in the Philippines under the CARING Gold Mining
Project, which aims to amend small scale mining laws and policies, setup and implement the child
labour case management system in order to detect cases of child labour in informal work settings.5
5
https://www.ilo.org/manila/public/sp/WCMS_648378/lang--en/index.htm)
Export and Import
The high quality of South Cotabato’s competitive and comparative products passed the
international standards and reached foreign markets.
Based on the 2018 data from the Philippine Ports

Authority XII, among the top commodities for export are
Fruits/vegetables and products
fruits/vegetables and products, coconut and by-products, pose the biggest exportation
fish/fish preparations, animal feeds, wood and by- reaching 153, 163 metric tons and
products, grains, meat, dairy products and eggs and live was followed by coconut and by-
animals. These products are exported by either Dole products with 181, 485 metric
Philippines, Inc. in Polomolok and Lapanday Foods tons.
Corporation in Tampakan.
In 2017, the top destination countries are Great Britain and Spain (Europe), USA, Middle East,
Singapore, Japan and China. In 2018, the destinations for export are China, Vietnam, Singapore,
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Hongkong, Malaysia and Korea.
Special Economic Zones (SEZ)
In pursuit of the policy “to promote the preferential use of Filipino labor, domestic materials and
locally produced goods, and adopt measures that help make them competitive,” 6the State shall
establish Special Economic Zones (SEZ) in suitable and strategic locations to actively encourage,
promote, induce and accelerate a sound and balanced industrial, economic and social development
of the country, and eventually, provide jobs to the people especially those in the rural areas, increase
their productivity and income, and thereby improve the level and quality of their living condition.7
Special Economic Zones or ECOZONES are “selected areas with highly developed or which
have the potential to be developed into agro-industrial, industrial, tourist/recreational, commercial,
banking, investment and financial centers. An ECOZONE may contain any or all of the following:
industrial estates (IEs), export processing zones (EPZs), free trade zones, and tourist/recreational
centers.”8
Table 2.4.18 Special Economic Zones (SEZ), South Cotabato, 2017

Land PEZA-Registered Enterprise/
Name of Developer/ Corporate
Type Location Area Proclamation No./ Date of
Economic Zone Operator Nationality
(has.) Approval
Sarangani Agro-
Brgy. Cannery, Sarangani 70% Filipino
Economic industrial Dole Philippines, Inc.
Polomolok, South Resources 72.87 and 30%
Development economic Date Approved: 18 September 2002
zone
Cotabato Corporation American
Zone
SRC Allah Valley Agro-
Brgy. Tubi-allah, Sarangani 70% Filipino
Economic industrial Dole Philippines, Inc.
Surallah, South Resources 56.10 and 30%
Development economic Date Approved: 15 February 2008
zone
Zone
SRC Upper Agro-
Upper Klinan, Sarangani 70% Filipino
Klinan Economic industrial Dole Philippines, Inc.
Polomolok, South Resources 117,762 and 30%
Development economic Date Approved: 27 January 2021
zone
Zone
Source: PEZA (http://www.peza.gov.ph/index.php/economic-zones/list-of-economic-zones)
6
Sec. 12, Art. XII, 1987 Philippine Constitution
7
RA 7916 or the Special Economic Zone Act of 1995
8
RA 7916 or the Special Economic Zone Act of 1995

As of 2020, there are three (3) special economic zones in South Cotabato. The Sarangani
Economic Development Zone in Polomolok and SRC Allah Valley Economic Development Zone in
Surallah are specifically categorized as Agro-industrial Economic Zones.
These developments are expected to attract large investments in the province, create strong
backward and forward linkages among local industries, and eventually result in an upward spiral
movement in the local economy from the creation of jobs to increased family incomes and increased
capital for more investments.
2.4.2.6 Price and Inflation
The inflation rate is the movement of the prices of basic commodities over time. The long list of
goods and their prices comprise the consumer price index (CPI). The annual percentage change in
the CPI is then used to measure inflation. The commodities being considered in the computation of
consumer price index are the following: Food and non-alcoholic beverages; alcoholic beverages and
tobacco; clothing and footwear; housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels; furnishings,
household equipment and routine maintenance of the house; health; transport; communication;
recreation and culture; education; and, restaurant and miscellaneous good and services.
The table below shows an erratic trend in the province’s Table 2.4.19 Consumer Price Index, Inflation
inflation rate. It can be observed that the only decline was in Rate for All Income Households, South
2015. Consistent increase is evident in the years 2014, 2016 Cotabato, (2013 – 2017)
and 2017. Based on the data from the PSA, alcoholic Consumer Price
Year Inflation Rate
beverages and tobacco were the top priority in 2013. From Index
2014 to 2017, however, the preference of South Cotabateños 2013 133.8 3.0
2014 139.4 4.2
is education while alcoholic beverages and tobacco became
2015 141.50 1.5
the second priority. Food and non-alcoholic beverages are 2016 145.2 2.6
third in line in terms of prioritization and it was followed by 2017 149.1 2.7
health and housing. Recreation and culture; furnishings, Source: PSA
household equipment and routine and communication are
considered as the least priority among the commodities.
2.4.3 Tourism
Tourism development is an identified priority under the province’s six-point development agenda.
It is also promoted as the primary Local Economic Development (LED) strategy of the province.
Rightly so, tourism is identified as a major competitive advantage of the Philippines, along with the
ICT industry, due to the country’s rich endowments of both cultural and natural tourism resources. At
the local level, the provincial government pushes for tourism development as it holds promise to bring
about a more balanced urban-rural growth by inducing investment flows, infrastructure development
and employment/income opportunities to lagging or rural regions where unspoiled natural attractions
are usually found.

In 2000, the municipality of Tboli ranked number one

The Comparative Poverty (1) at 73.7% and became number 2 in 2012 having a
Incidence by City/Municipality of lowered poverty incidence rating of 60.2%. On the
South Cotabato from 2000 to 2012 other hand, the Municipality of Lake Sebu ranked
showed a positive change in the second with a rating of 66.90% but was surpassed by
ranking of the poorest Tboli and became the poorest municipality in 2012
municipalities like Lake Sebu, Tboli with a poverty incidence rating of 63.5%. The
and Tupi, which are considered as municipality of Tupi also improved from rank number
3 (52.3%) to rank number 5 (32.9%) in 2012. Tourism
the prime tourism hotspots of South
development in these areas indeed brought
Cotabato.
employment to the locals and boosted community-
based tourism.
Considered as its comparative advantage over the other tourism destinations in the region, South
Cotabato particularly takes pride in its rich cultural tourism with the flourishing arts and culture of the
Tboli tribe, including T’nalak weaving of the recognized National Living Treasure, the dreamweaver
– Lang Dulay. Hence, South Cotabato is rightly known as the Land of the Dreamweavers--- the place
where dreams can come true.
2.4.3.1 Tourist Arrivals
It is a vision of South Cotabato to become a tourism hub not only in the region but in the entire
country, catering both domestic and international guests. Furthermore, tourism is considered as an
economic driver/strength of the province aside from agriculture.
The tourist arrivals is positively increasing every year. The bulk of this percentage can be
attributed to a large number of domestic arrivals per year. The emergence of new tourist attractions
in the province has contributed in the rise of tourism in South Cotabato. A tremendous upsurge of
61% was seen in 2018 in terms of both foreign and domestic tourist arrivals. The lowest increase
was, however, observed in 2017 at 2.2% attributable to the peace and order situation in some areas
in the region.
Table 2.4.20. Tourist Arrivals, South Cotabato, 2014-2018

Lake Sebu, Tupi, Norala, Tantangan, Polomolok, Sto.Niño, The primary tourism destination of the
Tboli, Koronadal City province is the town of Lake Sebu, offering
Year Foreign Domestic Total nature, adventure and cultural tourism.
2014 1,524 461,373 462,897
2015 3,745 498,936 502,681 T’daan Kini Falls is second in rank with
8.95% share while Lake Holon comes third at
2016 3,763 571,403 575,166
4.60%. The Linan Tarsier Sanctuary has
2017 1,326 586,817 588,143 2.19% share in the total tourist arrivals. For
2018 5,989 941,592 947,581 the more adventurous, 0.28% of visitors
TOTAL 16,347 3,060,121 3,076,468 trekked and hiked the majestic Mt. Matutum.
Source: PGO-ACTMU

From 2015 to 2018, the Seven Falls and Zipline in Lake Sebu, were among the
most visited tourism destinations by both foreign and local tourists contributing
83.96% to the total number of tourist arrivals. It is considered as the summer capital of
the province.
Table2.4.21 Tourist Arrivals among Major Tourism Sites, South Cotabato, 2015-2018
Brgy. LinanTarsier T'daan Kini
Year Seven Falls Mt. Matutum Lake Holon TOTAL
Sanctuary Falls
2015 103,492 4,210 No record 730 5,408 113,840
2016 151,428 4,468 14,497 247 11,509 182,149
2017 150,132 3,997 22,323 608 3,190 180,250
2018 160,079 2,108 23,441 328 10,855 197,811
TOTAL 565,131 14,783 60,261 1,913 30,962 673,050
Source: PGO-ACTMU
2.4.3.2 Major Tourism Attractions
South Cotabato is gifted with rich natural resources and tourism attractions that cater to any type
of tourist seeking different types of adventure such nature, history and culture, and industrial tourism,
among others.
The succeeding table outlines the other favorite tourism attractions including the majestic Mt.
Matutum, the vast pineapple plantations and Kalsangi Golf Course, tarsier sanctuary, Mt. Melibengoy
(formerly Mt. Parker), Lang Dulay Weaving Center, and a lot more.
Industrial Tourism is an emerging type of tourism in the province with the opening of flower
plantations to the public such as Blooming Petals and Mariano Flower Farms both located in the
Municipality of Tupi - the flower and fruit basket of South Cotabato.
Table 2.4.22 Major Tourist Attractions, South Cotabato, 2018

TYPE OF ATTRACTION NAME OF ATTRACTION MUNICIPALITY
Si-ok Falls City of Koronadal
Lake Sebu Lake Sebu
Lake Lahit Lake Sebu
Lake Seloton Lake Sebu
Seven Falls Lake Sebu
Nature Lake Holon Tboli
Mt. Melibingoy Tboli
Mt. Matutum Tupi and Polomolok
Linan Wildlife and Sanctuary Tupi
Mt. Susong Dalaga Tampakan
Matimos Falls Tantangan
Maibo Cave Tantangan
South Cotabato Community Museum City of Koronadal
Tboli Museum Lake Sebu
Lemsnolon Cultural Village Tboli
History and Culture
Lang Dulay Weaving Center Lake Sebu
School of Indigenous Knowledge and Traditions Lake Sebu
Brassmaking in Purok Roxas Lake Sebu
Dole Philippines, Inc. Polomolok
Industrial Tourism DEALCO Farms Polomolok
Material Recovery Facility (MRF) Polomolok

Mariano Flower Farms Tupi
Truly Natural Food Corporation (TNFC) Polomolok
Kablon Farms Tupi
Blooming Petals Tupi
Global Fruits Corporation Tampakan
PAG-ASA Weather Bureau Station Tampakan
Banga Corn Husk Association (BACAS) Banga
South Valley Food Products Banga
Surallah Entrepreneurs Multi-Purpose Cooperative (SURE-MPC) Surallah
SUMIFRU Tboli
Solar farm Surallah
SURE-Coop Dairy farm Surallah
South Cotabato Sports Complex City of Koronadal
Paraiso Verde Resort and Water Park City of Koronadal
Paraiso Golf Course City of Koronadal
Marbel Practical Shooting Association (MPSA) City of Koronadal
Agua Frio Garden Resort City of Koronadal
Cresta del Rio Splash Resort City of Koronadal
Bheb's Swimming Resort City of Koronadal
Bedrock Garden Resort City of Koronadal
Koronadal Tennis Club City of Koronadal
Banga Practical Shooting Association Shooting Rage Banga
Fortune Field Resort Banga
Aqua Vista Farm and Resto Banga
Phil-Florencia Resort Banga
Lorenzana Abrenica Farm Resort Banga
Blue Haven Resort and Durian Park Banga
South Side Resort Banga
Palcullo Swimming Resort Banga
Sports and Recreational Puntiera Excelente Firing Range Tampakan
Facilities Kalsangi Golf and Country Club Polomolok
Durian Garden Atbp Polomolok
Dolores Resort Polomolok
Nature's Bounty Resort Polomolok
Matutum Trail and Camping Ground Polomolok and Tupi
Tablaw Hill Trail Tupi
Linan Wildlife and Sanctuary Conservation Project Tupi
Shell Rock Garden Resort Tupi
Sweet Waters Swimming resort Tupi
Mt. Melibingoy Trail and Camping Site Tboli
Lake Holon Trail and Camping Ground Tboli
Tboli Practical Shooting Association, Inc Tboli
Seven Falls Eco Tourism Development Project Lake Sebu
T'daanKini Cold Spring Lake Sebu
SurallahChildrens Park Surallah
Surallah Tri People Monument Surallah
Jeff’s Ridge Polomolok
Emily’s Resort Firing Range Surallah
K'datu Souvenir Shop Lake Sebu
Lake View Native Products Lake Sebu
Punta Isla Native Products Lake Sebu
COWHED Native Products Lake Sebu
KENHULONG Native Products Lake Sebu
Shopping
Tantangan Pottery Tantangan
BACAS DISPLAY CENTER Banga
South Valley Food Products Banga
Kablon Farms Food Corporation Tupi
Grasel Food Products Tupi

Niño Food Products Tupi
Vmotril Food Products Tupi
TNFC PasalubongCenter Polomolok
KCC Mall of Marbel Koronadal
Gaisano Grand Marbel Koronadal
Ace Centerpoint Koronadal
Organic Products Trading Center Surallah
City Mall City of Koronadal
Lang Dulay Weaving Center Lake Sebu
School of Indigenous Knowledge and Traditions (SIKAT) Lake Sebu
Customs and Traditions Brassmaking in Purok Rosas Lake Sebu
Tilapia Dishes in every Resort in Lake Sebu Lake Sebu
Durian Garden Atbp Polomolok
Linggong Matutum Tupi
Special Event National Arts Month Celebration
Tourism Week Celebration
T'daanKini Cold Spring Lake Sebu
Mambucal Hot Spring City of Koronadal
Aroma Tropical Spa City of Koronadal
Nuat Thai City of Koronadal
Health and Wellness Blue Ocean Spa City of Koronadal
Banahaw Spa City of Koronadal
Montalbo Spa City of Koronadal
Evolve Hair and Spa Surallah
Jade Serenity Body Spa and Massage Surallah
Source: Department of Tourism XII
2.4.3.3 Major Tourism Establishments
Being an identified tourism destination, there are more than adequate number of tourism
support facilities and establishments such as hotels/inns, dining establishments and resorts located
in the province. These establishments/facilities continue to increase in number as tourism demand
increases.
With all these tourism establishments and amenities, the province can now compete with
other big provinces in the country. It is capable of hosting national and international tourism, sports
and business events. It has hosted big events like the CIOFF (Conseil International des
Organisations de Festivals de Folklore et d'Arts Traditionnels) (International Council of Organizations
of Folklore Festivals and Folk Arts) International Festival in 2015 and 2018 catering to both local and
foreign visitors. Moreover, the province is also equipped with quality infrastructures such as the well-
developed road and telecommunication network, sports complex, and gym and cultural center.

Map 2.4.1 Major Tourist Attractions in South Cotabato, 2018
Source: PPDO

2.4.3.4 Cultural and Tourism Activities / Festivals
Being a province endowed with
Cultural Tourism makes South Cotabato natural richness and abundant land, each
unique from other tourism destinations in the city and municipality has its own unique
way of celebrating its festival. These
country. Aptly called the “Land of the Dream
festivals are celebrated in
Weavers”, South Cotabato has gained
commemoration of foundation
international recognition because of
anniversaries, or in thanksgiving for the
“T’nalak”, a precious cloth, tediously bountiful harvests/blessings, or for the
woven by Tboli women. peaceful and progressive way of life of the
people.
Table 2.4.23 Festivals and Patronal Fiestas, South Cotabato, 2018

City/
Festival Day Name of Festival Patronal Fiesta
Municipality
Banga March 4 Pasundayag Festival September 9
January 10 (Foundation) Hinugyaw Festival
Koronadal June 13
October 8 (Cityhood) Negosyo Festival
Lake Sebu November 9 Helobung Festival June 24
Norala March 10 Kamayadan Festival June 24
Polomolok September 11 Flomlok Festival February 11
Sto. Niño December 18 Hinublag Festival January 18
June 24 Surbétube Festival and Foundation Anniversary
Surallah June 22
December Kasadya Christmas Festival
Tampakan August 24 Lum’alay Festival January 17
Tantangan March 8 Kulitangtang Festival May 1
Tboli March 5 Seslong Festival
Tupi October 2 Amyak Maleh October 3
South Cotabato July 18 T’nalak Festival
Source: PPDO-South Cotabato Socio Economic Profile
2.4.4 Agriculture and Fishery
The province is considered as one of the food baskets in

Based on the 2018 data of
Region XII. The challenges of climate change and crop infestations
pose a threat to our food sufficiency. Continuous crop the Philippine Statistics
development and technological innovations, however, in Authority, both rice and
agriculture and fishery anchored in the Agriculture and Fisheries corn production
Modernization Act of 1997 (AFMA)/Republic Act 8435 strengthen decreased by 2.7% and
the coping capacity of farmers and fisherfolks to adapt to the 6.6%, respectively.
changing environment.
Rapid reclassification of agricultural land to other uses and the effects of climate change are
projected to decrease rice and corn sufficiency. Nevertheless, mitigating measures are adopted to
address these important issues on food security and sufficiency.
The province has been a recipient of the Philippine Rural Development Program (PRDP) under
the Department of Agriculture XII which is funded by the World Bank. Projects under the PRDP are:
Production and Marketing of Cassava Granules, Dried Coffee Beans, Cacao Production and
Marketing of Fermented Cacao Beans and Dairy Production and Processing. Despite the many
challenges implementing the PRDP sub-projects, South Cotabato is recognized as the Best
Implementer of PRDP in Mindanao.

The crops, livestock and fishery profile of the province is discussed in the succeeding section.
The regional data for palay and corn production were taken from the Philippine Statistics Authority
(PSA) while provincial data were generated from the Office of the Provincial Agriculturist.
2.4.4.1 Crops
These crops are part of the flagship commodities
For 2018, cassava and mango under the PRDP and among the priority crops
were included among the major included in the Provincial Commodity Investment
agricultural crops in the province Plan. Pineapple, corn, palay, banana and papaya
while coffee and cacao emerged in remained among the top major cops being grown
2017. and commercially sold to domestic and international
markets.
Table 2.4.24 Major Agricultural Crops, South Cotabato, 2018

Rank Crops/Year Area Planted (has.) Area Harvested (has.) Production (m.t.)
1 Pineapple 17,621.50 10,905.45 915,300.37
2 Corn 115,502 121,443 513,460
3 Palay 81,527 86,318 410,989.10
4 Papaya 1,286 1,151.60 166,571.80
5 Banana 7,394.03 6,173.88 136,341.38
6 Cassava 2,261 1,230.10 39,180.50
7 Mango 1,780.43 417.02 2,774.73
8 Coffee (Robusta & Arabica) 2,647.50 1,067.02 1,299.08
9 Cacao 730.10 383.47 673.33
Source: OPAg-South Cotabato
The province’s high value crops consistently pass world class quality standards. Most of these
crops, particularly banana and pineapple, are exported to Europe, America and to other neighboring
countries in Asia.
The table below shows that the top high value crops like pineapple, corn and palay have an
erratic production trend. There was a decrease in production for palay and corn in 2016 and 2018.
Among the above-listed crops, pineapple posted the lowest average increase in 5 years at 0.37%
since there was a decline of 8.49% and 18.71% in production in 2016 and 2017. The less number in
production and area planted can be attributed to El Niño that plagued the province in the last quarter
of 2015 up to the first quarter of 2016, thus, affecting both palay and corn farmers and even pineapple
plantations. The production of mango and oil palm continuously declined from 2014 to 2016. A
tremendous decrease of 74% in mango production was observed in 2018 from a 113% increase in
2017. In a span of 5 years, cacao has the biggest average increase of 38.36% attributed to the surge
of production in 2017 at 174.31%, followed by banana, coffee and oil palm at 19.26 %,14.63% and
21% total average increase, respectively. Papaya, Mango and durian have minimal increase while
cassava (22.54%) and rubber (23.38%) suffered the biggest decline in production.
Table 2.4.25 Production and Area Harvested/Planted for Major Crops, South Cotabato, 2014-2018
Crops/Year Area Planted (has.) Area Harvested (has.) Production (m.t.)
Palay
2014 90,561 88,831 403,096
2015 95,063 96,900 441,902.5
2016 88,204 86,044 399,590
2017 92,432.50 96,496.50 439,987.80
2018 81,527 86,318 410,989.10

Corn
2014 120,502.5 115,356 476,021
2015 127,097 123,907.5 496,895
2016 124,131.25 120,752.25 463,887
2017 131,253.75 58,973.25 556,220.00
2018 115,502 136,682.25 513,460
Pineapple
2014 17,279.75 9,566.74 946,233.36
2015 18,988 12,020 1,002,504
2016 19,204.5 11,318 917,318.2
2017 7,557.10 11,299.25 745,668.25
2018 17,621.50 10,905.45 915,300.37
Papaya
2014 1,208.8 1,057.13 71,587.4
2015 1,165 1,146 89,012
2016 1,112.1 1,043.3 118,511.79
2017 1,184.15 1,145.72 126,504.25
2018 1,286 1,151.60 166,571.80
Banana
2014 6,794 5,878.55 113,846.68
2015 9,545 6,543 173,853
2016 7,536.03 6,293.71 308,703.2
2017 7,598.55 5,756.18 130,433.66
2018 7,394.03 6,173.88 136,341.38
Cacao
2014 300.84 129.52 306.89
2015 600 205 312
2016 677.38 183.03 269.31
2017 837.53 308.79 738.77
2018 730.10 383.47 673.33
Coffee
2014 1661.11 872.52 818.14
2015 1,341 749 720
2016 2,118.972 1,096.86 905.23
2017 2,549.44 1,003.26 880.39
2018 2,647.50 1,067.02 1,299.08
Mango
2014 2,268.49 1,043.57 11,198.73
2015 2,150 919 5,222
2016 2,102.49 773.52 5,066.64
2017 1,790.43 1,577.70 10,800.10
2018 2,261 417.02 2,774.73
Oil Palm
2014 1,495 1,495 29,037.58
2015 1,993 1,253 23,354
2016 1,742.5 1,646.6 10,328
2017 1,790.43 1,577 27,468.47
2018 1,837.50 1,404.58 25,627.30
Cassava
2014 3,871.25 3,416.25 75,648.34
2015 3,784 3,724 112,749
2016 3,880.5 3,544.25 1,629,073.73
2017 1,893.25 2,612.25 71,128.75
2018 2,261 1,230.10 39,180.50
Rubber
2014 926.25 22 3,270.4
2015 1,190 105 5,086
2016 1,262.25 26.7 3,874.81
2017 1,053.25 229.83 2,310
2018 1,165.50 2,726.70 349.80
Durian
2014 1,666.75 753.34 5,180.49
2015 1,713 683 6,050
2016 1,702.8 524.35 4,378.8
2017 1,412.20 440.98 5,000.86
2018 1,324.30 345.61 5,644.30
Source: Office of the Provincial Agriculturist
2.4.4.1.1 Traditional Crops
Traditional crops produced abundantly in the province are corn, rice and coconut. Production of
these crops is closely monitored by the Provincial Agriculture Office and the Bureau of Agricultural
Statistics.
Corn Production
South Cotabato remains the biggest corn producer in Region XII at 37% (463,
451 metric tons) despite a 6.6 % decline in production than in 2017.
North Cotabato comes second with 29% total production (355,917 metric tons) and has outranked
Sultan Kudarat, which contributed 22% or 266,899 metric tons of corn in the region. North Cotabato
and Sultan Kudarat both experienced an increase in production at 3.7% and 0.2%, respectively.
Sarangani Province still remained as the lowest producer of corn at 12% (144,807 metric tons) with
a blow of 4.3% decline in production.
Figure 2.4.12 Corn Production Share of Provinces, Region XII, 2018

The table below shows the
province’s corn production
volume, area harvested and
planted taken from the Office of
Sultan Kudarat the Provincial Agriculturist. A
22% decrease in production was
South
Sarangani Cotabato observed in 2016 at 6.64%
12% 37% (463,887 metric tons) due to El
Niño. An increase of 19% was,
North Cotabato however, recorded in 2017
29% (556,220 metric tons). The
production declined by 7.68% in
the following year.
South Cotabato North Cotabato Sarangani Sultan Kudarat
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)

Table 2.4.26 Three Year Corn Production and Area Harvested/Planted, South Cotabato, 2016–2018
Production Area Harvested Area Planted

Particulars/Year The Municipality of Lake Sebu
(mt.) (has.) (has.)
is consistently the biggest
2016 463,887.00 120,752.25 124,131.25 producer of corn in the
2017 556,220.00 134,682.25 131,253.25 province contributing 28% or
2018 513,460 121,443 115,502 703,204.50 metric tons from
2014 to 2018.
TOTAL 1,533,567 376,877.50 370,886.50
Surallah ranked second at 18.41% (461,520 metric tons) and followed by the Municipality of Tboli at
12.69 % or 318, 096 metric tons. Banga is now in the fourth place with a total production of 283,556
metric tons contributing 11.31% to the entire production. The City of Koronadal (10.64 % or 266,
744) and Tampakan (5.93% or 148,691 metric tons) are in the fifth and sixth rankings, respectively.
The Municipality of Sto. Niño, which is a major rice producer, only contributed 0.45% in the total
production share. The Municipalities of Norala and Tantangan also have low corn productions at
1.04% (26,106 metric tons) and 1.00% (25,262 metric tons), respectively.
The largest recorded production was at 167,577 metric tons in 2017 in the Municipality of Lake
Sebu while the lowest production was at 1,845 metric tons in the same year in the Municipality of
Sto. Niño.
Table2.4.27 Corn Production, Area Harvested and Area Planted in Hectare, by City/ Municipality, 2014-2018
City / Municipality 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Average
Banga
Production 54,977 58,735 54,111 58,114 57,619 56,711
Area Harvested 10,613 11,821 10,806 11,574 11,140 11,191
Area Planted 9,752 11,706 11,158 11,442 10,820 10,975
Koronadal 0
Production 60,220 48,891 50,120 54,630 52,883 53,349
Area Harvested 13,451 11,062 11,349 11,476 12,013 11,870
Area Planted 12,672 11,653 9,439 12,868 10,645 11,455
Lake Sebu 0
Production 131,224 139,273 120,102 167,577 145,028 140,641
Area Harvested 33,585 36,039 33,419 40,764 34,048 35,571
Area Planted 35,691 35,799 35,692 39,347 30,271 35,360
Norala 0
Production 2,934 3,667 7,824 5,799 5,882 5,221
Area Harvested 642 889 1,810 1,289 1,304 1,187
Area Planted 908 907 1,748 1,304 1,162 1,206
Polomolok 0
Production 32,159 26,082 19,692 27,261 15,508 24,140
Area Harvested 7,395 6,690 4,949 6,454 3,957 5,889
Area Planted 7,457 6,266 6,315 4,606 4,081 5,745

Sto. Niño 0
Production 1,877 1,966 3,572 1,845 2,056 2,263
Area Harvested 391 427 857 394 488 511
Area Planted 360 461 842 338 481 496
Surallah 0
Production 76,637 99,304 103,256 91,121 91,202 92,304
Area Harvested 19,152 24,146 27,658 23,623 22,857 23,487
Area Planted 21,083 27,640 24,748 23,484 21,993 23,790
Tampakan 0
Production 29,420 31,420 22,342 35,744 29,765 29,738
Area Harvested 6,996 7,595 5,441 8,525 6,871 7,086
Area Planted 7,324 6,827 7,080 7,259 7,191 7,136
Tantangan 0
Production 4,434 3,748 5,277 5,267 6,536 5,052
Area Harvested 1,070 920 1,190 1,195 1,505 1,176
Area Planted 920 930 1,190 1,395 1,265 1,140
Tboli 0
Production 52,255 56,645 54,567 78,856 75,773 63,619
Area Harvested 15,512 18,372 18,014 22,729 20,684 19,062
Area Planted 18,316 18,844 19,719 22,925 21,895 20,340
Tupi 0
Production 30,484 27,164 23,006 30,006 29,993 28,131
Area Harvested 6,548 5,947 5,259 6,659 6,576 6,198
Area Planted 6,020 6,063 6,200 6,285 5,698 6,053
Total 476,621 496,895 463,869 556,220 398,721
115,356 123,907 120,752 134,682 98,940
120,503 127,096 124,131 131,253 100,597
Palay Production
North Cotabato shares the biggest palay production at

In the regional context, 39% (523,959 metric tons), followed by Sultan Kudarat(32%
South Cotabato ranks third or 430, 996 metric tons), South Cotabato(23% or 348, 806
among the four provinces metric tons) and the smallest production share is Sarangani
in palay production. Province with only 3% or 39,363 metric tons.
There was a decline in the production of palay in the provinces of South Cotabato (2.7%) and
Sarangani (5.4%). Meanwhile, North Cotabato has an increase in production of 4.7% and 2.8% for
Sultan Kudarat.

Figure 2.4.13 Palay Production Share of Provinces, Region XII, 2018
For South Cotabato, there
was a slight decrease of 10% in
palay production in 2016. Aside
from constant problems like
urbanization, conversion of
agricultural lands into other uses,
Sultan Kudarat
32% and shifting of palay farms into
North Cotabato other crops, El Niño phenomenon
39% contributed to a decrease in
production in 2016.
South
Sarangani
Cotabato Also evident is a decrease in
3%
26% production of 6.6% in 2018.
Rampant conversion of prime
agricultural lands planted to
staple crops into other non-
North Cotabato South Cotabato Sarangani Sultan Kudarat
traditional crop plantations as oil
Source: PSA
palm and banana has been
noted in some areas and
recently, some agricultural lands are illegally converted to settlements. A decrease in the area planted
can be observed in 2017 at 54.15% and 11.79% in 2018.
Despite this, the Office of the Provincial Agriculturist maintains that the province is still self-
sufficient in palay and will continue to do so in the coming years.
Table 2.4.28 Three Year Palay Production and Area

The table on the right shows that the
Planted/Harvested, SouthCotabato, 2015–2018
Municipality of Norala is now the top
Area Area
Production palay producer in the province,
Year Harvested Planted
(mt.) contributing 381,332 metric tons from
(has.) (has.)
2015 441,902.50 96,990.00 95,063.00 2014 to 2018. The municipality has
2016 399,590.00 86,044.00 88,204.00
been consistent in being top one
2017 440,032.80 96,497.00 92,432.50
2018 410,988.70 86,319.00 81,527.00 (2015 and 2016) or top two (2014, 2017
and 2018) in the last five years.
Koronadal City ranked second producing 368,116 metric tons. However, in the 2018 data, the
City of Koronadal has the largest amount of production at 19.77% or 81,269 metric tons and slightly
higher than Norala, which produced 19.16 % or 78,768.30 metric tons.
The Municipality of Sto Niño ranks third in a five-year period having produced 345,276 metric
tons of palay. It was followed by the Municipalities of Banga (345, 221.30 metric tons), Surallah
(277,488.50 tons) and Tantangan (277,488.50 tons). The Municipality of Tampakan has the smallest
production at 8,315.90 metric tons.
The biggest production was in 2017 at 87,936 metric tons and was recorded in the Municipality
of Sto. Niño. The smallest production was in 2016 at 757 metric tons recorded in the Municipality of
Tampakan.

Table 2.4.29 Palay Production (m.t.), Yield (m.t./ha), Area Harvested and Area Planted in Hectare, by City/Municipality,South
Cotabato, 2014-2018
Banga
Production 77,478 74,573 58,336 69,241 65,593.30 69,044
Area Harvested 15,512 14,790 11,459 14,039 13,151 13,790
Area Planted 14,955 13,654 13,625 12,359 14,122 13,743
Koronadal 0
Production 64,894 71,924 79,777 70,252 81,269 73,623
Area Harvested 14,260 15,858 16,842 15,280 17,540 15,956
Area Planted 14,900 14,884 17,836 17,048 14,296 15,793
Lake Sebu 0
Production 18,380 17,250 19,441 15,700 21,344 18,423
Area Harvested 4,331 4,176 4,805 4,078 4,924 4,463
Area Planted 4,168 4,063 5,060 4,601 4,048 4,388
Norala 0
Production 69,605 76,763 80,824 75,372 78,768.30 76,266
Area Harvested 15,610 17,728 16,781 15,773 16,736 16,526
Area Planted 16,812 17,498 14,122 17,231 16,217 16,376
Polomolok 0
Production 2,277 3,026 2,015 2,923 2,848.20 2,618
Area Harvested 551 793 498 784 729 671
Area Planted 679 727 510 741 661 664
Sto. Niño 0
Production 59,225 76,007 62,504 87,936 59,604 69,055
Area Harvested 13,322 16,792 13,747 19,108 11,409 14,876
Area Planted 15,273 16,968 13,209 14,523 10,995 14,194
Surallah 0
Production 46,517 46,695.50 38,074 51,845 47,840 46,194
Area Harvested 9,954 9,816 8,269 11,782 10,274 10,019
Area Planted 9,882 10,408 9,060 11,468 9,782 10,120
Tampakan 0
Production 1,598 2,622 757 1,922 1,416.90 1,663
Area Harvested 368 641 174 446 333 392
Area Planted 339 635 313 315 378 396
Tantangan 0
Production 56,388 67,781 48,842 56,983 42,703 54,539
Area Harvested 13,334 15,159 11,452 13,194 8,756 12,379
Area Planted 12,088 14,701 12,600 12,189 8,528 12,021
Tboli 0
Production 3,538 2,455 4,898 5,130 6,566 4,518
Area Harvested 899 602 1,129 1,415 1,802 1,170
Area Planted 821 918 1,018 1,349 1,859 1,193
Tupi 0
Production 3,196 2,806 4,122 2,728 3,036 3,178
Area Harvested 690 635 888 597 665 695
Area Planted 644 607 851 608 641 670
Total 0
Production 403,096 441,902 399,590 440,032 410,988 419,122
Area Harvested 88,831 96,990 86,044 96,497 86,319 90,936
Area Planted 90,561 95,063 88,204 92,432 81,527 89,558
Coconut Production
The statistics below shows a positive scenario for the coconut industry in the province. From
2014 to 2015, there is an increase in the number of coconut trees planted, nut and copra production.

The increase in the number of coconut trees planted is 10.28% and coconut production rose by
18.32%. The Municipality of Banga has the most number of copra produced with a total of 14,979
metric tons, followed by Tampakan at 13,729 metric tons, Tupi(13,350 m.t. ), Koronadal (12,464
m.t.) and Surallah (10,917 m.t.) ranked next .
Table 2.4.30 Coconut Statistics, South Cotabato, 2014–2018

Number of Coconut Trees
City/Municipality
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Banga 580,639.00 648,628.00 274,578 284,665 353,240
Koronadal 615,200.00 665,241.00 610,179 651,562 675,295
Lake Sebu 127,197.00 188,246.00 194,688 240,625 302,212
Norala 153,112.00 181,004.00 116,605 136,605 155,107
Polomolok 212,481.00 233,108.00 235,463 265,530 291,923
Sto. Niño 66,974.00 70,973.00 38,145 51,145 57,646
Surallah 324,617.00 508,954.00 456,474 483,121 493,027
Tantangan 42,496.00 75,664.00 70,103 90,803 102,268
Tampakan 446,600.00 475,430.00 590,200 612,325 630,300
Tboli 327,470.00 327,970.00 195,841 247,641 236,760
Tupi 692,418.00 625,460.00 571,565 604,938 634,076
TOTAL 3,589,204.00 4,000,678.00 3,353,841 3,668,960 3,931,854
Total Nut Production (per piece)
Banga 32,952,843.00 34,456,620.00 13,391,640 14,618,808 14,915,187
Koronadal 26,622,000.00 29,469,521.00 28,042,214 26,932,909 30,189,412
Lake Sebu 2,320,292.00 3,516,292.00 2,745,704 3,404,908 3,175,679
Norala 6,800,904.00 7,626,960.00 5,668,608 6,061,572 5,139,225
Polomolok 891,440.00 9,855,552.00 7,203,097 8,782,336 13,857,566
Sto. Niño 2,843,012.00 3,267,332.00 2,031,150 1,859,040 2,495,610
Surallah 22,910,101.00 26,220,140.00 17,528,628 24,277,370 24,572,781
Tantangan 160,446.00 2,021,168.00 1,481,791 1,651,100 2,756,126
Tampakan 24,189,606.00 26,101,113.00 27,400,728 27,780,713 28,525,241
Tboli 9,322,860.00 9,939,303.00 5,614,668 5,155,371 7,856,668
Tupi 35,682,920.00 35,886,286.00 24,794 20,885,196 27,241,259
TOTAL 164,696,424.00 188,360,287.00 139,930,158 146,914,385 168,685,234
Total Crop Production (in MT)
Banga 7,322.85 7,657.03 2,975.92 3,248.62 3,314.49
Koronadal 5,916.00 6,548.78 5,827.84 6,231.60 5,985.09
Lake Sebu 515.62 781.40 610.16 756.65 705.71
Norala 1,511.31 1,694.88 1,259.69 1,347.02 1,182.05
Polomolok 1,995.88 2,190.12 1,951.63 1,951.63 3,079.46
Sto. Niño 631.78 726.07 426.64 451.37 413.12
Surallah 5,091.13 5,826.70 3,883.28 3,895.25 5,394.97
Tantangan 35.65 449.15 329.29 366.91 612.47
Tampakan 7,929.54 5,800.25 6,057.69 6,089.05 6,173.49
Tboli 2,071.75 7,361.00 1,224.70 1,247.70 1,145.64
Tupi 5,375.47 7,974.73 5,259.00 5,509.79 4,641.15
TOTAL 38,396.98 47,010.11 29,805.54 31,095.59 32,647.64
Source: Philippine Coconut Authority XII

2.4.4.1.2 High Value Crops (HVC) Production
South Cotabato produces abundant high value The province is the top producer
crops such as abaca, cacao, coconut (with husk), coffee of papaya (88.34%), pineapple
(dried berries), oil palm, banana, banana Cavendish, (94.94%), cassava (89.20%) and
banana lakatan, banana saba, durian, mango, papaya, abaca (68.97%) in Region XII.
pineapple and cassava.
For decades, the province has been the number one producer of pineapple in the region. As for
abaca, the province produced 776.04 metric tons retaining its rank as the major producer in
SOCCSKSARGEN. It is an important commodity especially in producing the T’nalak cloth. T’nalak is
South Cotabato’s cultural emblem that represents the provincial festival, T’nalak Festival.
Cassava, cacao and coffee are among the identified priority commodities of South Cotabato
under the Philippine Rural Development Program (PRDP) of the Department of Agriculture (DA). The
program contributes to inclusive growth by unleashing the economic potential of rural producers by
upgrading value to agri-based enterprises.
Cassava production in 2018 was 84,841.38 metric tons dominating production at 89.20%.
Among the domestic markets in Region XII are San Miguel Corporation (25% of production capacity),
Cargill Philippines (14%), Swift Foods (13%), General Milling Corporation (12%), Vitarich (11%),
Universal Robina, Sun Jin Philippines, Foremost Farms, Tyson Agri-Ventures and Grain Handlers.
San Miguel is the Philippines largest corporation and has animal feed operations all over the country.
San Miguel alone needs 500,000 hectares of cassava to serve its requirements. The company has
been a relatively heavy user of cassava as feed for the last 7 years. (VCA Cassava)
South Cotabato comes second in the production of banana, banana Cavendish, banana lakatan,
durian and mango. While its production of cacao, coconut with husk, coffee and oil palm is lower
compared to the other provinces.
For cacao, the province was able to produce 27.70 metric tons. Processed dried cacao beans
are made into animal feed from cacao husk, used in the production of soft drinks and alcohol, potash
from cocoa pod husk, jam and marmalade, mulch, cocoa butter, cocoa powder, cocoa liquor and etc.
Table 2.4.31 Volume of Production (m.t.) of High Value Crops by Province, Region XII, 2018
Crops North Cotabato Sarangani South Cotabato Sultan Kudarat Region XII
Abaca 45.43 281.00 776.04 22.67 1,125.14
Cacao 112.77 30.00 27.70 8.38 178.85
Coconut (with husk) 179,883 534,101.23 185,392.63 237,044.83 1,136,422.03
Coffee (dried berries) 1,913.62 564.70 1,491.28 15,932.30 19,901.90
Oil Palm 70,100.89 47.25 11,418.52 118,200.56 199,767.22
Banana 508,812.98 192,975.00 252,729.73 174,140.17 1,128,657.88
Banana Cavendish 171, 112.14 134,360.00 162,874.83 139,988.17 608,335.14
Banana Lakatan 100,772.43 18,815.00 60,022.41 4,540.35 184,150.19
Banana Saba 236,928.41 39,800.00 29,832.49 29,611.65 336,172.55
Durian 3,625.42 103.50 587.80 37.48 4,354.20
Mango 28,354.07 8,748.70 25,340.38 2,003.94 64,447.09
Papaya 7,150.94 171.00 57,867.38 315.90 65,505.22
Pineapple 14,301.82 16,820.00 767,186.77 9,718.70 808,027.29
Cassava 7,612.60 1,618.00 84,841.38 1,037.41 95,109.39

The contiguous towns of Tampakan, Tupi, Polomolok and Tboli belong to the High
Value Crops (HVC) Growth Cluster of South Cotabato due to their advantage in
producing the largest volume of HVCs in the entire province.
2.4.4.2 Livestock and Poultry
The livestock industry in the province recorded a decreasing number of carabao and cattle.
Cattle has been decreasing at an average rate of 3 % in five years. The biggest decline was in 2018
at 7%. For carabao, the only increase is manifested in 2017 at a very minimal rate of 0.97%. Goat
production was also not good but is diminishing at a lower rate (0.03%) in five years. The decrease
in the number of cattle and carabao is due to miscarriages since female pregnant animals are still
used in farming or sold in slaughter houses, thus, dwindling the possibility of increasing their number
through procreation.
Goat and swine production increased by 1.25% and 4.41%, respectively, in 2018 despite the
consistent decrease from 2014 to 2017.
For the poultry sector, a positive trend can be observed. Chicken production is consistently
increasing while duck production only decreased in 2015 to 2016.
.
Many avian diseases, bird flu in particular, affect the poultry production. The province is taking
aggressive measures against viral diseases attacking chickens. Poultry production is also affected
by variations in climate, particularly prolonged dry/hot season. Inability to compete with the very low
prices of poultry products in big malls also contributes to the declining poultry industry.
Table 2.4.32 Livestock & Poultry Inventory in Heads by Farm Type, South Cotabato, 2014-2018
Type of Livestock/Poultry 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Carabao 44,360 43,253 42,015 42,426 41,554

Cattle 74,931 73,285 71,201 70,712 65,748
Goat 42,461 41,709 40,045 41,800 42,325
Swine 409,799 407,577 399,402 386,067 403,096
TOTAL FOR LIVESTOCK 571, 551 565,824 552, 483 541,005 552,723
Chicken 11,077,385 12,259,218 15,228,258 19,325,565 23,873,244
Duck 740,573 754,094 731,238 731,558 824,692
TOTAL FOR POULTRY 11,817,958 13,013,312 15,959,496 20,057,123 24,697,936
2.4.4.3 Inland Fishing
Commercial fisheries has the highest contribution among the fish production types in the
province. It has been continuously increasing in terms of production and only experienced a decline
of 12% or 237,972.56 metric tons in 2016 from 266,560.17 metric tons in 2015. In 2018, it already
reached 280,121.13 metric tons of fish produced. For marine and inland fishing, the figures below
show a positive increase and only minimal decreases in some years. For aquaculture in Lake Sebu,
however, a consistent decline is shown in the table below: 18% in 2015, 12% in 2016, 18% in 2017
and 10% in 2018. This can be attributed to the regulations implemented by the municipal government
regarding the allowable number and size of fish cages that can operate in the lake. This is to avoid
the negative ecological impact of congestion of cages beyond the lakes’ “carrying capacity” resulting
to overturns (limnic eruptions) in the lake, known locally as ‘kamahong’.
Table 2.4.33 Fish Production (m.t.) by Type, South Cotabato, 2013-2018
Type 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Commercial
213,275.44 250,460.30 266,560.17 237,972.56 274,146.23 280,121.31
Fisheries
Marine 1,768.73 1,718.14 1,859.91 2,110.48 3,450.43 4,411.68
Inland 303.61 311.45 331.88 386.20 354.57 427.12
Aquaculture 3,701.62 3,773.84 3,184.60 2,819.86 2,380.90 2,146.21
TOTAL
219,049.40 256,263.73 271,936.56 243,289.10 280,332.13 287,106.32
PRODUCTION
South Cotabato’s fish production is sourced through

In 2018, there is a total of
aquaculture production, which is primarily in the lakes of the
Municipality of Lake Sebu. The number of hatchery operators
146.05 hectares of hatchery
and fishpond operators also increased. There was a area in South Cotabato. It
decrease, however, in the production of average fingerlings has increased by 54.46% since
from 550-700 million pieces per year in 2015 to only 440.14 2010, which was only 66.50
million pieces per year in 2017. The table below shows a hectares.
decrease in the number of fish cages in Lake Seloton from
549 fish cages (2016) to 27 fish cages (2017) and in Lake Sebu with a lowered number of 2,389 fish
cages (2016) to 58.5 fish cages (2017). Lake Lahit was already declared as a free fishing zone.
Table 2.4.34 Provincial Fishery Profile, South Cotabato, 2015-2018

Indicator 2015 2016 2017 2018
Total Hatchery (has.) 103 has. 103.55 146 146
Number of Hatchery Operators 125 125 191 185
Average Fingerlings Produced 550-700 million 550 to 700 million pcs. / 440.114 million 550-700 million
(millions) pcs./ year year pcs/year pcs/year
Number of Fishpond Operators 1,185 1,185 1,357 1,383
Total Lake Area (has.)
Lake Seloton, Lake Sebu 49 48 48
Lake Sebu 354 354 354
Lake Lahit 24 24 24
Lake Nongon, Surallah 4 3
Lake Water Utilized for Fishcages
Lake Seloton, Lake Sebu 7.02 has. (549 fish cages) 27 has. 15.68 has.
Lake Sebu 2389 fish cages 58.5 has. 48 has.
Lake Lahit 24 has. (fishing zone) 0 (free fishing zone) 0 (free fishing zone)
Lake Nongon, Surallah 4 fish cages (1
12 Fish cages ( 25x 8m ) 8 fish cages
hectare)
Average FishcageSize (m.) 8mx12m 7 x 14 m 7mx14mx4m 7mx14mx4m
Total no. of Fishcages 2,955 has. 2,955 has. 7,143 units 6,042
Number of Fishcage Operators per
449
Lake
Lake Seloton, Lake Sebu 52 87 86
Lake Sebu 333 463 459
Lake Lahit 0 0
Lake Nongon, Surallah 7 3

2.4.4.4 Agriculture Support Systems
2.4.4.5.1 Farm-to-Market Roads
The Department of Agriculture being the strong partner of the provincial government in economic
development, has awarded Farm-to-Market Road (FMR) projects to provide better opportunity to
farmers and fisher folks by increasing production at lower costs and in return increasing their incomes
and making food affordable to the people.
Aside from the FMR projects implemented by the Department of Agriculture for the province,
South Cotabato has also constructed several FMRs from its own local funds. South Cotabato has
funded the nine (9) kilometer Tudok-Bila Farm-to-Market Road Opening amounting to P5 Million. The
road opening project in the geographically-isolated and disadvantaged areas of Tboli made a
difference for rural constituents by uplifting the living conditions of the people in Tudok and also
opened economic opportunities for them.
2.4.4.5.2 Irrigation Facilities
As of 2018, the province has 41 functional irrigation systems. The service areas of the province
declined since 2014, which is attributed to an average decrease of 4.8% in National Irrigation
systems. On the other hand, the Communal Irrigation Systems’ service areas increased by 5.3%.
Table 2.4.35 Total Irrigated Areas (has.) and Number of Farmers Served, South Cotabato, 2014-2018
Type of System 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
A. National Irrigation System

Potential irrigable Area
Service Area 20,879.87 21,006.27 21,047.44 16,832.73 16,828.36
Irrigated Area:
Wet Season 19,020.78 19,671.36 20,547.28 16,625.15 16,741.50
Dry Season 18,382.47 19,204.57 19,386.32 16,162.35 16,538.67
Ratoon/QTA/Third Crop 244.99 1,500.12 0 5,574.27 817.30
Number of Farmers Served 13,427.00 13,399.00 13,900.00 10,507.00 11,350.00
No. of Irrigation Systems 4 4 4 4 4
B. Communal Irrigation System
Potential irrigable Area 6,393.62 6,537.73 6,621.29
Service Area 5,626.18 5,852.11 5,816.82 6,683.32 6,882.50
Irrigated Area:
Wet Season 5,348.30 5,737.24 5,812.40 5,865.47 5,906.48
4,923.61 5,316.11 5,197.58 5,787.31 5,983.44
Ratoon/QTA/Third Crop
TOTAL FOR THE PROVINCE
Potential irrigable Area
Service Area 26,506.05 26,858.38 26,864.26 23,516.05 23,710.86
Irrigated Area:
Wet Season 24,369.08 25,408.60 26,359.68 22,490.62 22,647.98
Dry Season 23,306.08 24,520.68 24,583.90 21,949.66 22,522.11
Ratoon/QTA/Third Crop 244.99 1,880.93 46.49 5,891.56 869.30
Source: National Irrigation Administration-South Cotabato
Map 2.4.2 Existing National and Communal Irrigation Systems, South Cotabato, 2018

| 2-66
The table below shows that the total firmed up
service area for South Cotabato is 23,607.61. The Top rice producing municipalities
City of Koronadal ranked third with 4,310.65 like Norala (5,479.46 hectares) and
hectares firmed up service area. Only the Sto. Niño (5,379.86) have the largest
Municipality of Tboli does not have any service service area in the province.
area.
Table 2.4.36 Irrigation Service Areas by City/ Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
Firmed Up Service Area
City/Municipality 2.4.4.4.3 Post-Harvest Facilities
CIS ALA RIS MABARIS Total
Banga 504.32 1,893.33 489.63 2,887.28 In the 2010 study of Philippine Center
Koronadal 2,408.29 1,902.36 4,310.65 for Postharvest Development and
Lake Sebu 540.75 540.75 Mechanization (PHilMEch), it was found
Norala 215.75 3,915.89 1,348.00 5,479.46 that a total of 16.47% grain losses incurred
Polomolok 1,173.53 1,173.53 during the postharvest activities. Both
Sto. Niño 4,418.69 961.17 5,379.86 drying and milling have the highest
Surallah 321.50 883.66 1,205.16 recorded losses with 36% and 34% share
Tampakan 1,056.00 1,056.00 respectively.9 Thus, it is imperative that
Tantangan 399.29 1,015.38 1,414.67 post-harvest facilities be provided to
Tboli farmers to prevent harvested farm
Tupi 160.25 160.25 produce from rotting and going to waste.
Total 6,779.50 11,111.57 5,716.54 23,607.61
A total of 84 rice mills are registered
in the province in 2018. Rice mills are
classified as cono, kiskisan, rubber roll and grinder. There is a recorded average increase of 6.69%
in a span of five years and a minimal decrease of 0.02% was observed in 2015. The biggest increase
was observed in 2018 at 16.53% due to more numbers of cono registered.
Based on the 2018 data, majority of these registered ricemills are found in the top five
rice producing city and municipalities of the province specifically Norala (25.35%), City
of Koronadal (24.19%), Sto. Niño (19.73%), Surallah (16.11%) and Banga (8.40%).
Table 2.4.37 NFA Registered Rice Mills by Type and Capacity, by City/Municipality, SouthCotabato, 2014-2018
Cono Kiskisan RubberRoll Grinder Total
City/Municipality
No. Capacity No. Capacity No. Capacity No. Capacity No. Capacity
Banga
2014 3 90 11 78 14 168
2015 3 90 9 62.5 12 152.5
2016 5 145 9 67.5 14 212.5
2017 5 165 0 0 6 37.5 0 0 11 202.5
2018 5 160 3 21 8 181
Lake Sebu
2014
2015
2016
2017 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9
www.philmech.gov.ph

City/Municipality
Norala
2014 9 320 1 10 10 330
2015 9 320 9 320
2016 11 395 11 395
2017 16 513 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 513
2018 16 546 16 546
Polomolok
2014 1 5 1 5
2015 1 5 1 8 2 13
2016
2017 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 5
2018 1 5 1 5
Surallah
2014 6 207 1 3 5 31 12 241
2015 6 207 1 6 5 31 12 244
2016 7 237 1 6 5 31 13 274
2017 6 207 1 3 5 31 0 0 12 241
2018 9 327 3 20 12 347
Sto. Nino
2014 7 275 7 275
2015 8 320 8 320
2016 8 320 8 320
2017 7 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 275
2018 11 425 11 425
Tampakan
2014 3 28 1 10 4 38
2015 3 28 1 10 4 38
2016 3 28 1 10 4 38
2017 0 0 0 0 3 28 1 10 4 38
2018 3 22 1 5 4 27
Tantangan
2014 3 26 3 26
2015 3 26 3 26
2016 3 26 3 26
2017 2 50 0 0 5 32 0 0 7 82
2018 2 50 4 29 6 79
Tboli
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Tupi
2014 2 16 2 16
2015 2 16 2 16
2016 2 16 2 16
2017 0 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 1 8
2018 2 16 2 6 4 22
City of Koronadal
2014 16 518 13 90
2015 14 458 11 75
2016 12 403 13 95
2017 12 393 10 90 0 0
2018 15 487 5 34 2 22 521
South Cotabato
2014 41 1,410 2 8 38 279 1 10 82 1,707

City/Municipality
2015 40 1,395 2 11 34 246.50 1 10 77 1,662.50
2016 43 1,500 1 6 35 263.50 1 10 80 1,779.50
2017 48 1,603 1 8 30 226.50 1 10 81 1,847.50
2018 58 1,995 0 0 21 147 5 11 84 2,153
Source: National Food Authority--South Cotabato
Table 2.4.26 shows that there are a total of 488 post-harvest facilities (warehouses, rice
threshers, corn shellers and mechanical driers) in the province in 2018. Majority or 469 of these
facilities are warehouses and 169 are located in the City of Koronadal, which was identified as the
number one rice producer in the same year.
The number of post-harvest facilities in the province increased by an average of 9.77 % since
2014 and decreases of 32.27% and 9.58% were noted in 2015 and 2017, respectively.
Table 2.4.38 Number and Capacity of NFA Registered Post-Harvest Facilities by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2014-
2018
Warehouse Rice Thresher Corn Sheller Mechanical Drier Total
City/ Municipality
Banga
2014 32 79,751 4 50 5 100 41 79,901
2015 29 47,520 3 50 5 110 37 47,680
2016 44 24,429 3 50 4 60 51 24,539
2017 48 42,180 4 20 5 0 0 0 57 42,200
2018 39 141,829 3 30 5 50 0 0 47 141,909
Lake Sebu
2014 6 540 6 540
2015 2 120 2 120
2016 15 1,800 15 1,800
2017 11 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 800
2018 8 1,440 8 1,440
Norala
2014 28 173,900 28 173,900
2015 12 140,600 1 25 13 140,625
2016 34 234,970 34 234,970
2017 26 171,240 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 171,240
2018 34 382,184 2 230 36 382,414
Polomolok
2014 59 17,190 59 17,190
2015 28 3,400 28 3,400
2016 66 33,080 66 33,080
2017 77 7,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 77 7,160
2018 51 18,460 51 18,460
Surallah
2014 45 81,497 1 25 1 25 4 600 51 82,147


City/ Municipality
2015 37 89,000 1 25 4 600 42 89,625
2016 57 104,565 1 25 2 50 4 600 64 105,240
2017 51 67,865 2 50 1 25 4 600 58 6,540
2018 56 156,576 1 40 57 156,616
Sto. Nino
2014 28 82,530 1 10 29 82,540
2015 21 88,170 1 10 22 88,180
2016 32 11,800 32 11,800
2017 34 80,360 1 10 0 0 0 0 35 80,370
2018 41 108,543 1 150 42 108,693
Tampakan
2014 26 5,760 26 5,760
2015 21 4,160 21 4,160
2016 32 5,340 32 5,340
2017 27 3,410 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 3,410
2018 28 10,293 28 10,293
Tantangan
2014 22 105,630 2 50 24 105,680
2015 9 880 1 40 10 920
2016 22 106,520 22 106,520
2017 15 1,300 3 85 0 0 0 0 18 1,385
2018 16 547,376 16 547,376
Tboli
2014 11 1110 11 1110
2015 4 350 4 350
2016 25 3000 25 3000
2017 19 1490 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 1490
2018 26 4,632 26 4,632
Tupi
2014 25 4,830 25 4,830
2015 18 1,700 18 1,700
2016 26 5,460 26 5,460
2017 26 2,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 4,830
2018 22 3,924 1 10 23 3,934
Koronadal
2014 95 334,479 11 173 2 60 1 100 109 334,812
2015 71 314,372 5 75 2 40 2 300 80 314,787
2016 118 45,501.76 11 173 3 100 2 300 134 46,074.80
2017 84 324,537 11 180 3 90 1 100 99 324,907
2018 148 504,327 3 20 1 30 2 60 154 504,437
South Cotabato
2014 377 887,217 19 308 8 185 5 700 409 888,410


City/ Municipality
2015 252 690,272 11 200 8 175 6 900 277 691,547
2016 471 576,465.76 15 248 9 210 6 900 501 577,824
2017 418 702,602 21 345 9 115 5 700 453 703,762
2018 469 1,879,584 6 50 7 90 6 480 488 1,880,204
Source: National Food Authority --South Cotabato
Note: *Capacity = 50kgs bag output per hour operation
2.4.5 Agrarian Reform
Republic Act 6657 or Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) and its extension, Republic
Act 9700 or the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with Reforms
(CARPER)highlighted the need to ensure that the welfare of landless farmers and farm workers will
receive the highest consideration to promote social justice and to move the nation toward sound rural
development and industrialization, and the establishment of owner cultivatorship of economic-size
farms as the basis of Philippine agriculture.
Agriculture is one of the driving forces of the province’s economy. Thus, the implementation of
CARP and CARPER is essential in sustaining food sufficiency by giving equal compensation to our
farmers and farm workers.
The areas with the greatest number of CLOAs awarded are
From 2014 to 2018, a in the Municipalities of Surallah (387), Norala (198) and Banga
total of 1,309 Certificates (186). The lowest number of CLOAs were awarded in Lake Sebu
of Land Ownership Award (19), Sto. Niño (33) and Tboli (34). The Municipality of Lake Sebu
(CLOA) have been has the largest area of awarded land at 7,277 hectares while the
awarded covering 14,897 Municipality of Tantangan has the smallest area at 43 hectares.
hectares of land with 5,973 It follows that the Municipality of Tboli has the greatest number
farmer beneficiaries (FBs). of farmer beneficiaries (2,640) and Tantangan City has only 23
farmer beneficiaries.
Table 2.4.39 Summary of Registered Certificate of Land Ownership Award (CLOA) based on Program Class, South Cotabato,
2014–2018
Number of CLOAs Area (has) Number of FBs
City/Municipality
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Banga 31 104 5 39 7 51.01 31.34 4.46 40.72 18.24 30 21 5 30 7
Koronadal 9 48 17 3 9.21 32.88 23.83 11.85 8 23 16 3
Lake Sebu 16 3 5,707.65 0.00 1,570.19 1886 541
Norala 32 101 17 20 28 36.96 35.93 6.40 50.53 31.82 34 38 9 22 28
Polomolok 29 74 8 28 7 62.40 97.42 7.82 76.77 21.37 31 37 8 33 7
Sto. Niño 1 19 4 9 1.00 18.42 7.70 22.21 1 12 4 20
Surallah 54 154 69 66 44 83.73 67.17 82.11 109.26 85.55 55 47 70 80 46
Tampakan 19 40 3 1 35.13 40.92 6.00 12.00 29 26 14 3
Tantangan 9 26 6 6 4 17.86 0.00 4.56 12.95 7.94 9 4 6 4
Tboli 19 15 6,159.90 21.50 5.00 2604 18 18
Tupi 7 49 6 41 12 14.16 25.27 17.77 35.73 108.26 8 17 6 45 10
TOTAL 226 615 115 244 109 12,179.02 370.85 130.82 422.57 1,794.69 4,695 239 106 284 649
Source: Department of Agrarian Reform - South Cotabato

2.4.6 Cooperative Development
Pursuant to the Cooperative Code of 2008, the government and all its branches, subdivisions,
instrumentalities and agencies shall ensure the provision of technical guidance, financial assistance
and other services to enable cooperatives to develop into viable and responsive economic
enterprises in order to bring about a strong cooperative movement that is free from any conditions
that might infringe upon their autonomy or organizational integrity. Thus, to ensure and create sound
operation of cooperatives in the province, a strong support is provided by the provincial government
and other agencies in strengthening cooperativism in the province.
Table 2.4.40 Total Registered Cooperatives, South Based on the table above, there is a massive
Cotabato, 2017-2018
decline of 60.71% in the number of registered
Total Registered Total Registered cooperatives in the province for 2018. Majority of
City/Municipality Cooperatives Cooperatives
(2017) (2018)
the cooperatives are considered to be non-
compliant with the requirements of the
Banga 17 14 Cooperative Development Authority and failed to
Lake Sebu 22 13 register. However, among the 187 registered
Norala 5 3 cooperatives in 2018, only 14% or 27
Polomolok 73 36 cooperatives are non-compliant. In 2017, the
Sto. Niño 12 11 Municipality of Polomolok and Koronadal City
Surallah 33 21 have the greatest number of cooperatives. On the
Tampakan 12 10 contrary, in 2018, both LGUs experienced a
Tantangan 17 10 decline in the number of registered Cooperatives
Tboli 16 8 with Koronadal City experiencing the largest
Tupi 29 14 decrease at 65.27% while Polomolok suffered a
Koronadal City 72 47 349% decline. The Municipality of Norala has the
TOTAL 308 187 least number of cooperatives with only three that
Source: Cooperative Development Authority registered.
Multi-purpose cooperatives dominate the cooperative type with 108 cooperatives in the
province and most are found in Polomolok and Koronadal City. Other cooperative types
are: Agrarian reform (4), Producers (13), Service (14), Consumers (6), Transport (5),
Agriculture (9), Marketing (9), Federation (2), Credit (16), and Fishermen (1).
Table 2.4.41 Total Number of Registered Cooperatives by Category, South Cotabato as of 2018
Medium
Micro Small Large
City/Municipality (P15.001 million –
(Up To P3.0 million) (P3.001 M – P15 M) (> P100 M)
P100 M)
Banga 10 2 2 -
Lake Sebu 5 6 2 -
Norala 2 1 - -
Polomolok 7 13 7 9
Sto. Niño 5 3 2 1
Surallah 10 5 4 2
Tampakan 6 3 0 1
Tantangan 5 2 3 0
Tboli 2 2 2 2
Tupi 6 4 3 1
Koronadal City 21 16 9 1
TOTAL 79 57 34 17
Source: Cooperative Development Authority
Meanwhile, Table 2.4.29 shows the total number of cooperatives in the province as of 2018.
Among the city and municipalities, the City of Koronadal has the greatest number of registered
cooperatives with a total of 47 cooperatives and 21 of which are micro cooperatives. It was followed
by the Municipality of Polomolok with 36 cooperatives in which 13 are large cooperatives. The third
municipality with the greatest number of cooperatives is the Municipality of Surallah with 21
cooperatives.

Chapter 2.5
INCOME, EMPLOYMENT, POVERTY AND GENDER-RESPONSIVE ACCESS TO SOCIAL

SERVICES
Social sector reflects and measures the impacts to development and quality of
life of the people as a result of the various interventions and interactions among
the core elements of the planning environment: population, economic activities, and
physical/natural resources.
Hence, population, economic activity, and physical/natural resources are viewed as drivers of
development, while land use, access to social services, and income, employment and poverty are
viewed as symptoms or indicators of development.
This sector covers eight (8) sub-sectors, namely: (1) Income, Employment and Poverty; (2)
Health, Nutrition and Sanitation; (3) Social Welfare and Development; (4) Education; (5) Housing;
(6) Protective Services; (7) Culture and Arts Development and (8) Sports Development. Global and
cross-cutting planning issues of Gender and Development (GAD) as well as HIV/AIDS are also
integrated in the discussion of the social sector environment.
2.5.1 Income, Employment and Poverty
Income, employment and poverty are three (3) Productive activities create
important indicators of local economy’s vibrancy and the demand for more employment,
impacts of development. On the other hand, both which in turn provides
unemployment and inadequate income can also lead to opportunities for increased
persistent poverty. Hence, poverty is a social and family income.
economic occurrence.
2.5.1.1 Income
Region XII – which comprises the provinces of South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Cotabato and
Sarangani, and the cities of Cotabato, Tacurong, Koronadal, Kidapawan and General Santos -
exhibits for the year 2016 a total number of 1,055,000 families with a total income of P198.44 billion
and an annual average income of P188,000.00 per family. In terms of expenditure, the amount of
thereof does not exceed the income, thus, savings are realized (Table 2.5.1). Total expenditures for
the 1,055,000 families amount to P170.9 billion while P162,000.00 is the average annual
expenditure per family illustrating an economic upturn based on the 2016 annual income of
P188,000.00 resulting to an average savings of P26,000.00 per family or equivalent to 14% of the
income.
Table2.5.1 Number of Families, Total and Average Annual Family Income and Expenditure, Region XII, 2016
Income Expenditure
Number of Families
Region Total Average Total Average
(In Thousands)
(In millions) (In Thousands) (In millions) (In Thousands)
XII 1,055 Php 198,438 Php 188 Php 170,863 Php162
Source: PSA-NSO, 2018Family Income and Expenditure Survey

2.5.1.2 Employment
Employment generally speaks of the intensity of productivity and economic activities of a place.
An increase in employment rate reflects the collaborative efforts of both the government and the
private sector in addressing unemployment.
Between 2017 and 2018, South Cotabato recorded a slight decrease in employment rate of
0.40% from 96.60% to 96.20%. For the same period, Region XII also exhibited a decrease in
employment rate of 0.60%, from 96.80% to 96.20% (Figure 2.5.1). The two-year data of the
province and the region can be attributed to the unresolved problem on job-skills mismatch or the
unavailability of needed skills over certain local jobs available, as well as the low growth of
business even with intensified measures for investment and promotion in the province.
Figure 2.5.1 Employment Rate, South Cotabato, 2017-2018
96.60%
South Cotabato
96.20%
96.80%
Region XII
96.20%
2017 2018
95.90% 96.00% 96.10% 96.20% 96.30% 96.40% 96.50% 96.60% 96.70% 96.80% 96.90%
Source: PSA-NSO, October 2017, 2018 Labor Force Survey
The labor force participation rate reflects the percentage of those employed and those actively
looking for work and are 15 years old and above. For South Cotabato, a decreasing trend in labor
force participation can be observed from 64.90% in 2015, 63.80% in 2016, and 62.40% in 2017,
showing a 2.5% decrease in three years. The same scenario is reflected in the regional scale with a
1.63% decrease, except for a 0.49%minimalincrease in 2016.
Provincial data indicate that 37.60% of the labor force for 2017is not actively seeking for work,
which mainly compose of the students, homemakers and those population ageing over 64. The
degree of variance from that of the region vis-à-vis South Cotabato still places the province in a
higher participation rate compared to the over-all percentage for Region XII.
Figure 2.5.2 Labor Force Participation Rate, South Cotabato, 2015, 2016, 2017
64.90%
South Cotabato 63.80%
62.40%
63.81%
Region XII 64.30%
62.18%
2015 2016 2017

60.50% 61.00% 61.50% 62.00% 62.50% 63.00% 63.50% 64.00% 64.50% 65.00% 65.50%
Source: PSA-NSO, 2018 Labor Force Survey

2.5.1.3 Poverty
Poverty is measured in terms of two (2) indicators: poverty incidence and subsistence
incidence. Poverty incidence refers to the proportion of families or population with per capita
income less than the per capita poverty threshold of families or population. Poverty threshold, also
known as poverty line, refers to the cost of the basic food and non-food requirements. Hence,
poverty line may be viewed as the minimum income required to meet the food requirements and
other non-food basic needs as clothing and shelter. On the other hand, subsistence incidence
refers to the proportion of families or population with per capita income less than the per capita food
threshold of families or population. Food threshold refers to the cost of the food required to satisfy
nutritional requirements for economically necessary and socially desirable physical activities.1
2.5.1.3.1 National and Regional Poverty Statistics
In a national perspective, Figure 2.5.3 demonstrates that the trend for poverty is decreasing for
four periods (2009, 2012, 2015, 2018) both in terms of poverty incidence and subsistence incidence
among families. This clearly indicates that the numerous programs and projects initiated by the
national government for the alleviation of poverty of the Filipino people finally start to show results
as reflected in the diminishing rate of poverty and subsistence incidences.
Figure 2.5.3 Poverty Incidence (%) Among Families, Philippines, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018
25
20.5 19.7
20 17.9
2009
15 12.1
7.9 2012
10 7.5 6.4
3.4 2015
5
2018
0
Poverty Incidence Subsistence Incidence
Source: PSA-National Statistics Office
In Region XII (Figure 2.5.4), both the poverty incidence (6.3%) and subsistence incidence
(5.6%) among families recorded a sharp increase between 2009 and 2012. This may be
attributable to several conflicts and operations of the outlaws in the hinterlands, disaster and
climate change related phenomenon, which disrupted the normal economic activities in the region.
Beginning 2012 on the other hand, the region continuously performed well in its efforts to alleviate
poverty in all provinces.
Figure 2.5.4 Poverty Incidence (%) Among Families, Region XII, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018
40 37.1
35 30.8 31.3
30
25 22.3 2009
20 17.8 16.2 2012
15 12.2
8.3 2015
10
5 2018
0
Poverty Incidence Subsistence Incidence
Source: PSA – NSCB XII
1
Notes on the Official Poverty Statistics in the Philippines, Series 2003-1, NSCB

Comparatively, poverty incidence among families both at the national and regional scale
reflects a good performance for the government in its goal to alleviate poverty in the country during
the first semester from 2006, 2009, 2012 to 2015as shown in Tables2.5.2 and 2.5.3. The full year
result for poverty incidence in 2015 and 2018 gains a positive indication on poverty reduction efforts
by the province with a decreasing trend at a rate of 5.8% and 9% for the Philippines and Region
XII, respectively.
Table 2.5.2. Comparative Poverty Incidence (%) Table 2.5.3. Comparative Poverty Incidence (%) Among
Among Families, Philippines, 2015 and 2018 Families, Region XII, 2015 and 2018
2015 2018 2015 2018
2006 2009 2012 2015 (Full (Full 2006 2009 2012 2015 (Full (Full
Year) Year) Year) Year)
21.0 20.5 19.7 16.5 17.9 12.1 31.2 30.8 37.1 30.5 31.3 22.3
Source: PSA Source: PSA
Among the seventeen (17) regions (BARMM not yet considered) in the country, Region XII
(SOCCSKSARGEN) is among the top 3 poorest regions in terms of poverty incidence together with
ARMM and Region VIII (Eastern Visayas). ARMM tops the list for three periods (2009, 2012, 2015)
with an average of 45.6% followed by Region VIII with 34.2%and Region XII with 32.8%.
The two poorest regions—ARMM and Region

XII—are situated in Southern Mindanao The cascading effect in the economy
characterized by varying degrees of instability hampers local development
significantly in peace and order condition. Where especially in the delivery of basic
most of the areas in Mindanao is typhoon-free, social and economic services
climate change impacts cannot be singled out, but a resulting to prevalence of poverty in
factor to the unproductivity of land yields due to these regions.
drought and El Niño phenomenon.
In 2018, Region XII ranked 5th among the regions in the country with 22.3% poverty incidence
among families. ARMM remained to be the poorest region at 53.6%, followed by Region IX
(25.4%), Caraga (24.1%), and Region VIII (24%).
Figure 2.5.5 Top Three (3) Poorest Regions in the Philippines in Terms of Poverty Incidence (%), 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018
60 53.6
48.7 48.2
50
39.9
40 37.4 37.1
34.5 30.5 2009
30.7 30.8
30 2012
24 22.3
2015
20
2018
10
0
ARMM Region VIII Region XII
In Region XII, during the first semester of 2015 and 2018, the highest proportion of poor
families was noted in Sarangani at 47.3% and 36%, respectively. South Cotabato, on the other
hand, posted the lowest at 19.8%in 2015 and 13.7% in 2018 as shown in Table 2.5.4 and Figure

2.5.6. Generally, the poverty incidence rates of all provinces in the region projects a positive
downturn, except Cotabato City, which posted a 10.8% increase.
Table 2.5.4 Poverty Incidence (%) in Region XII, 2015, 2018

2006 2009 2012 2015 2018
Rank Region
37.9 30.8 37.1 30.5 22.3
1 Sarangani 49.0 57.7 53.2 47.3 36.0
2 Sultan Kudarat 52.0 51.5 48.5 39.2 24.2
3 North Cotabato 31.4 30.6 52.4 34.5 23.5
4 Cotabato City 34.4 34.0 44.3 24.7 35.5
5 South Cotabato 31.7 31.6 32.0 19.8 13.7
Figure 2.5.6 Incidence Among Poor Families in Region XII, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018
13.7
19.8 32
South Cotabato
31.6
31.7
35.5
24.7
Cotabato City 44.3
34
34.4
23.5
34.5
North Cotabato 52.4
30.6
31.4
24.4
39.2
Sultan Kudarat 48.5
51.5
52
36
47.3
Sarangani 53.2
57.7
49
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
2018 2015 2012 2009 2006
Source: PSA XII
2.5.1.3.2 Poverty Profile of South Cotabato
Provincial Poverty Incidence
Poverty incidence among families in South

Cotabato reflects a rate of 26.1% in 2006, 25.7% in The decrease in poverty incidence may
2009 and increased to 25.80% in 2012 though very be attributed to many different factors
minimal at 0.10% but managed to decrease to considering that poverty is a complex
19.80% in 2015 at 6%. One probable contributory socio-economic phenomenon with
factor to the increasing poverty incidence in the indicators from social to economic
province is the decline in labor participation rate, aspects.
which is placed at 1.90% in 2012.
Comparing the full year data of poverty incidence in 2015 and 2018 (Table 2.5.5), a significant
decrease of 4.6% in poverty rate indicates a positive improvement in the local economy of the
province. South Cotabato is way too far to reach the national poverty incidence rate at 17.9% in
2015 and 12.1% in 2018, but it has significantly surpassed the 30.5% (2015) and 22.3% (2018)
regional poverty incidence rate to 18.3% in 2015 and 13.7% in 2018 (Table 2.5.7) placing South
Cotabato always at the bottom five (5), or the least poor province.

Table 2.5.5 Comparative Poverty Incidence (%) Figure 2.5.7 Poverty Incidence Among Poor Families in South
Among Families, South Cotabato, 2006, 2009, 2012, Cotabato, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018
2015 and 2018
2015 2018
2006 2009 2012 2015 (Full (Full 2018 13.7%
Year) Year) 2015 18.3%
2012 25.8%
2009 25.7%
26.1 25.7 25.8 19.8 18.3 13.7
2006 26.1%
Source: PSA Source: PSA XII
Poverty Incidence by City/Municipalities
The NSCB 2015 Small Area Estimates of Poverty show the proportion of poor families by city
or municipality in South Cotabato (Figure 2.5.8). Lake Sebu posted the highest poverty incidence
among eleven (11) LGUs with 64%, while Koronadal City at 22.4% recorded the least proportion of
poor families in the province. For three consecutive years (2009, 2012, 2015) Lake Sebu and Tboli
are recorded to have the highest proportion of poor families in South Cotabato.
Table 2.5.6 Comparative Poverty Incidence (%) by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015
City/
2000 Rank 2003 Rank 2006 Rank 2009 Rank 2012 Rank 2015 Rank
Municipality
Lake Sebu 66.9 2 65.3 2 55.11 1 52.8 1 63.5 1 64.0 1
Tboli 73.7 1 66.5 1 49.8 2 52.7 2 60.2 2 59.0 2
Tupi 51.3 3 30.8 5 32.6 3 34.7 4 32.9 5 39.2 3
Tampakan 49.1 4 27.5 7 31.4 4 33.1 5 37.3 3 36.6 4
Tantangan 48.1 5 27.1 8 31.0 5 38.2 3 35.4 4 35.8 5
Banga 47.1 6 39.0 3 30.66 6 31.3 8 30.9 7 34.4 6
Surallah 42.6 7 27.8 6 27.1 8 30.5 9 32.0 6 33.9 7
Norala 40.0 8 36.7 4 26.3 9 33.1 5 28.5 8 31.0 8
Sto. Niño 35.6 9 24.6 9 28.1 7 32.1 5 28.0 9 25.3 9
Polomolok 28.7 10 14.3 11 21.1 10 22.8 10 22.8 10 24.6 10
Koronadal 27.8 11 16.2 10 19.9 11 21.7 11 21.71 11 22.4 11
Source: PSA
Figure 2.5.8 Poverty Incidence (%) by City/ Municipality, South Cotabato, 2015
Banga 34.4
Koronadal City 22.4
Lake Sebu 64
Norala 31
Polomolok 24.6
Sto. Niño 25.3
Surallah 33.9
Tampakan 36.6
Tantangan 35.8
Tboli 59
Tupi 39.2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Source: PSA

The top two (2) LGUs with the least proportion of poor
families are the primary urban service centers of the province - Thus, poor accessibility to
Polomolok and Koronadal City, with 24.6% and 22.4%, urban economic and basic
respectively. It is noteworthy, however, that the poverty social services; geologic
incidence in Lake Sebu and Tboli has been consistently barriers to urban
dropping for the three periods. While various factors contribute development, agricultural
to the poverty level of families, it can be observed that the top 2 production and other
poorest LGUs share some common characteristics: (1) economic activities; and
distance from the provincial capital and proximity to each other; cultural factors that have
(2) geologic features of high elevation where Lake Sebu is educational, political and
characterized by narrow flat land between tall mountains and behavioral influences can
large body of water, and Tboli with its narrow flat land walled by be factors contributing to
mountains; (3) low accessibility of many communities in the the high poverty incidence
uplands to urban services; and (4) the dominant presence of in these areas.
Indigenous People (IP)communities.
Despite the disparity in the figures, Tupi came third with 39.2%, followed by Tampakan with
36.6% and Tantangan at 35.8%. Banga, Surallah, Norala and Sto. Niño maintained their ranks from
6th to 9th in the last three years.
Map 2.5.1 Poverty Incidence
Source: PPDO, 2020
Subsistence Incidence in South Cotabato
Food threshold is the cost of food required to satisfy nutritional requirements for economically
necessary and socially desirable physical activities. It is the measure to determine subsistence
incidence of families. Since South Cotabato is primarily an agricultural area, majority of South
Cotabateños rely in agriculture as a source of income, which most of the time is insufficient to meet
the nutritional requirement of some families.
The increasing annual per capita food threshold of poor families in the province from2006,
2009, 2012 and 2015 as shown in Figure 2.5.9is directly affected by the inflation rate annually,
thus, posed a negative impact to the subsistence rate of poor families. An average of P12,719.75
per month is needed by every family to satisfy nutritional requirements and social activities. The
decrease in the subsistence incidence in 2015 to 7.8% from 10.9 in 2012, and 12.00% in 2009 can
be attributed to the increase in employment in 2012 due to in-migration and influx of workers due to
the transfer of regional offices to Koronadal City, the new Regional Center. The designation of the
city as Regional Administrative Seat produces upward spiral effect to the provincial economy due to
the creation of more demands for urban and rural goods, hence the infusion of more investments to
supply the demand, the creation of more jobs, and subsequently the increase in income that
provides food on the table.
The inflation rates for the inclusive periods range from 2.1% in 2006, 2.4% for 2009, 2.7% in
2012, and 1.5% in 2015 or an average growth rate of 17% for Region XII with no specific rate for
the province alone. This is indicative of an increasing growth rate in the Consumer Price Index,
which measures the chance in the retail prices of fixed basket of goods and services purchased by
an average household.
Table 2.5.7 Annual Per Capita Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence, South Cotabato, 2009, 2012, 2015
Annual Per Capita Food Threshold Subsistence Incidence (%)
2009 2012 2015 2009 2012 2015
P11,966 P13,801 P15,436 12.0 10.9 7.8
Source: PSA XII
Figure 2.5.9 Annual Per Capita Food Threshold of Poor Families in South Cotabato, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015
2015 15,436
2012 13,801
2009 11,966
2006 9,676
The magnitude of subsistence or the number of poor families below the food threshold in the
province is seen to be erratic starting in 2006 at 30,151, increasing to 36,309 in 2009, and then
continuously diminishing at 36,243 in 2012 and at 31,815 in 2015 (Figure 2.5.10). A significant
increase is recorded in 2009 at 20.42% (36,309) from 30,151 in 2006. There is a positive change
from 2012 to 2015, however, where a decrease in subsistence among poor families is noted at
12.27%.
The positive change may be attributed to the support from the national government and local
government units on poverty reduction through livelihood assistance and food for work schemes.
Likewise, employment opportunities offered by the business sector provide relief to the working
class, thus, enabling them to provide food for their families necessary for their physical and
sociological activities. However, data presented for the food threshold includes General Santos
City.

Figure 2.5.10 Magnitude of Subsistence Among Poor Families in South Cotabato, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015
40,000 36,309 36,243
30,151 31,815
30,000
20,000
10,000
2006 2009 2012 2015
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps): A Poverty Reduction Strategy
It is the national government's desire to improve, if not eliminate, poverty in the state. Thus, the
4Ps program was implemented to directly alleviate the socio-economic conditions of the
marginalized families in the country. Under the Department of Social Welfare and Development,
4Ps Program is aligned with the national government’s thrust of inclusive growth through the mass
reduction of poverty. The household beneficiaries for the program were identified through the
National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR) or vernacularly known as
“Listahanan”. The system makes available to national government agencies and other social
protection stakeholders a database of poor families as basis in identifying potential beneficiaries of
social protection programs and services.2
Since the launching of the program, South Cotabato is one of the beneficiaries benefiting
42,556poor households out of the total identified poor of 60,432 or 74.47% in 2015, and 70.42% in
2017. In 2016, NHTS-PR was able to assess 162,952 households in South Cotabato and identified
60, 432 poor beneficiaries identified in the targeting system. This number of poor households
represents 37% of the total households assessed in 2016.Generally, a decrease in the number of
4Ps beneficiaries in an LGU is a good indication in the economic growth.
From the total figure identified as poor (60,432) in the province, still a large number of identified
active 4Ps beneficiaries are in Surallah (98.38%), Norala (78.49%), Banga (74.96%) and Tupi
(72.54%) in 2017. Although Tboli has the highest number of poor families based on 2016 survey,
the number of 4Ps beneficiaries were lowered to only 69.48%. On the other hand, Koronadal City
(68.23%) and the municipalities of Tantangan (66.58%), Lake Sebu (65.39), Polomolok (65.01),
Sto. Niño (59.63%) and Tampakan (57.43%) still have active 4Ps beneficiaries from the identified
poor households.
Of the eleven LGUs, the highest number of identified poor households in 2018 is in Tboli
(11,985), followed by Lake Sebu (8,750), Koronadal City (6,410), Banga (6,142), Tupi (5,749),
Polomolok (5,252), Surallah (4,223), Tantangan (3,452), Sto. Niño (3,116), Norala (2,995), and
Tampakan (2,902). Tboli and Lake Sebu topped the list because they have the highest poverty
incidence among the province's component LGUs. Because these areas are primarily populated by
IPs and are located in mountainous areas with a small proportion of flatlands, literacy and urban
development are relatively low. Being the capital and industrial center of the province, Koronadal
City also has a notable number of identified poor households which may be attributed to the influx
of surplus labor from rural areas that in effect causes unemployment and poverty.
2
Department of Social Welfare and Development Region XII

Noting that the following areas are rural and agricultural in nature, the LGUs with the least
identified poor households are Surallah, Tantangan, Sto. Niño, Norala, and Tampakan – see Table
2.5.8.
Table 2.5.8 Number of Identified Poor and Active Beneficiaries by City/Municipality, 2017, 2018
HHs Identified Poor Active Pantawid % of Identified Poor who % of Identified Poor who
City/
Assessed Households Beneficiaries are 4Ps Beneficiaries are 4Ps Beneficiaries
Municipality
(2018) (2018) (2018) (2017) (2018)
Banga 17,201 6,142 4,381 74.96 71.33
Koronadal City 27,768 6,410 4,317 68.23 67.35
Lake Sebu 15,580 8,750 5,566 65.39 63.61
Norala 8,756 2,995 2,247 78.49 75.03
Polomolok 19,574 5,252 3,262 65.01 62.11
Sto. Niño 9,213 3,116 1,780 59.63 57.12
Surallah 15,075 4,223 4,046 98.38 95.81
Tampakan 7,710 2,902 1,604 57.43 55.27
Tantangan 9,076 3,452 2,219 66.58 64.28
Tboli 20,963 11,985 8,045 69.48 67.13
Tupi 13,381 5,749 4,035 72.54 70.19
TOTAL 164,297 60,976 41,502 70.42 68.06
Source: DSWD XII, NHTS-PR
Generally, there is a decline in number of 4Ps beneficiaries from 2017 to 2018 in the entire
province. Comparatively, as to the percentage of identified poor and 4Ps beneficiaries, Surallah
recorded the highest percentage in 2017 and 2018 at 98.38% and 95.81%, respectively.
Figure 2.5.11 Identified Poor and Active 4Ps Beneficiaries by City/Municipality, 2017, 2018
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Koronadal
Banga Lake Sebu Norala Polomolok Sto. Niño Surallah Tampakan Tantangan Tboli Tupi
City
2017 74.96 68.23 65.39 78.49 65.01 59.63 98.38 57.43 66.58 69.48 72.54
2018 71.33 67.35 63.61 75.03 62.11 57.12 95.81 55.27 64.28 67.13 70.19
Source: Source: DSWD XII, NHTS-PR

Map 2.5.2 4Ps Beneficiaries
Source: PPDO, 2020
2.5.2 Gender-responsive Access to Social Services
This section discusses the level and extent of access to basic social services within the
overarching framework of Gender-responsive Population and Development. This covers the
following sub-sectors or basic services: (a) health, (b) nutrition, (c) sanitation, (b) education, (c)
protective services, (d) gender-responsive population management, (e) social welfare and
development (women and children, youth, senior citizen, solo parent, persons with disability, IPs),
(f) sports development, and (g) housing.
2.5.2.1 Health
Vital Statistics: Birth Rates
Figure 2.5.12 shows decreasing trend in the rate of live births or the number of live births per
1000 population in the province from 2012 to 2018. This has been the result of the intensive
campaign of the provincial government through the Provincial Population Office (PPO) on
population management, responsible parenthood and adolescent programs, as well as the efforts
of the Integrated Provincial Health Office (IPHO) on responsible parenthood and reproductive
health (RPRH), focusing more on the IP communities, who mostly do not practice birth control.

Figure 2.5.12 Rate of Live Births (%) in South Cotabato, 2012-2018
30
25
20
24.19
22.56 20.25 20.13
15 22.28 21.72 21.43
10
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Source: Integrated Provincial Health Office
For three consecutive years, Tantangan has the lowest live birth rating at 15.44% (2016),
13.91% (2017) and 15.99% (2018) among the component LGUs. Component LGUs with a
decreasing trend for three consecutive years include Koronadal City, Tampakan, and Tupi (Figure
2.5.13). On the other hand, the fastest growing municipality for three years in terms of birth rate is
Polomolok with an average rate of 23.97% followed by Norala (23.08%), Tboli (22.96%), Surallah
(22.09%), Banga (20.07%), Sto. Niño (19.96%), Koronadal City (19.78%), Tupi (19.19%),
Tampakan (18.30%), Lake Sebu (17.80%), and Tantangan (15.11%). These figures have
implications to urbanization, population density, and with great impacts on land conversion,
especially if these numbers would continue to increase.
Figure 2.5.13 Live Birth Rate by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2016- 2018
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Koronadal
City
2018 19.93% 19.02% 18.45% 23.36% 23.03% 21.55% 21.55% 17.37% 15.99% 22.23% 18.72%
2017 18.75% 19.84% 17.54% 23.10% 24.64% 18.66% 20.62% 17.83% 13.91% 21.89% 18.68%
2016 21.54% 20.47% 17.45% 22.79% 24.23% 19.68% 24.09% 19.70% 15.44% 24.77% 20.16%

Map 2.5.3 Live Birth
Source: PPDO, 2020
Vital Statistics: Death Rates

Different causes of death
The death rate or the number of deaths per 1,000 can be attributed to lifestyle
population in South Cotabato shows an erratic trend in a diseases, infant and maternal
span of six (6) years. A significant increase of 0.45% was deaths, accidents, and all
recorded between 2013 and 2014, a decrease of 0.89% in forms of diseases that are
2014 to 2015, and an increasing trend from 2015 to 2017 at sometimes associated to
0.36%. From 2017 to 2018, a 0.79% decrease was climate change.
recorded.
Figure 2.5.14 Total Death Rate (%) in South Cotabato, 2013-2018

6
4 4.88
4.43 4.35
3.99 4.11
3
3.56
2
0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Among the component LGUs, Koronadal City recorded the highest death rates in 2016 (6.17%)
and 2017 (7.56%), while Sto. Niño recorded the highest in 2018 at 5.06%. Figure 2.5.15 also shows
that Koronadal City and Sto. Niño recorded high death rates (greater than 5%) for three years. On
the contrary, only Tboli and Tampakan managed a declining trend for three years while the rest of
the component LGUs in the province posted an erratic trend.
Figure 2.5.15 Total Death Rate by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2016-2018

8.00%
7.00%
6.00%
5.00%
4.00%
3.00%
2.00%
1.00%
0.00%
Koronadal
City
2018 3.95% 4.01% 1.86% 4.83% 4.29% 5.06% 4.33% 2.13% 2.86% 2.22% 2.85%
2017 4.49% 7.56% 1.66% 3.77% 4.07% 6.56% 4.25% 2.88% 3.45% 2.23% 3.46%
2016 3.41% 6.17% 3.66% 5.74% 3.82% 3.59% 4.01% 3.12% 3.42% 2.62% 3.33%
Map 2.5.4 Death Rate
Source: PPDO, 2020

When the death rate is subtracted from the birth rate, the result is referred to as the rate of
natural increase (RNI) or the rate of population change due to natural increase (excluding
migration). Although the data show an erratic trend (Figure 2.5.16), South Cotabato’s RNI showed
a significant decreasing curve for three years (2015-2017).
Figure 2.5.16 Rate of Natural Increase (%) in South Cotabato, 2013-2018

18.50% 18.13%
18.00% 17.73%
17.40% 17.32%
17.50%
17.00% 16.57%
16.50%
15.90%
16.00%
15.50%
15.00%
14.50%
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Infant Mortality Rate
For six (6) consecutive years (2013-2018), a decreasing trend in infant mortality rate in South
Cotabato implies a positive development attributable to the efforts actively taken by the local health
workers. However, a quick upturn of 1.69% from 2016 to 2017 was recorded which brought
negative impacts to the health service delivery in the province. This may be linked to disease
outbreak, lack or inadequate number of facilities (lying-ins, bahay ni nanay, etc.) and practitioners
to provide the necessary services both in urban and rural areas. In 2018, the province managed to
recover and improve its performance with the decline in infant mortality by 1.71%.
Figure 2.5.17 Infant Mortality Rate (%) in South Cotabato, 2013-2018
16 13.71
12.57 12.64
14 11.15 10.95 10.93
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
As shown in Figure 2.5.18, Tampakan posted the highest infant mortality rate at 23.97% in
2016, the highest recorded rate in three years among the LGUs. While most of the LGUs showed
an increase in infant mortality from 2016 to 2017, only Tampakan, and Tupi managed to lower their
rates in 2017. From 2017 to 2018, all LGUs recorded a decline, except Sto. Niño, Tampakan, Tupi,
and Tboli. Norala, which posted a positive image by the continuous decline of infant mortality rate in
the area for three consecutive years. Sto. Niño, however, recorded an increasing trend which
shows a negative picture on the health service delivery for infants.

Figure 2.5.18 Infant Mortality Rate by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2016-2018
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Koronadal
City
2018 7.91% 11.94% 9.70% 7.81% 8.34% 11.90% 12.98% 13.77% 10.94% 11.12% 18.05%
2017 13.36% 12.95% 11.85% 9.76% 14.24% 7.51% 13.71% 12.21% 17.49% 7.64% 16.83%
2016 5.76% 9.25% 11.05% 11.24% 13.89% 2.43% 8.59% 23.97% 12.71% 7.41% 19.94%
The three (3) leading causes of infant deaths in South

Cotabato are septicemia sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome Extreme weather and
and prematurity (Table 2.5.9). Among these three leading erratic climatic condition
causes, septicemia/sepsis has been the top one killer disease may likewise weaken the
among infants since 2008. In Region XII, it is also the leading immunity of infants from
cause of infant deaths with 127 cases in 2012.The status of all forms of health
health and nutrition among infants directly affects their chances hazards, including water-
of survival. Teenage pregnancy, lack of pre-natal care and
borne or air-borne
malnutrition among pregnant women are the major causes of
diseases.
complications that result to death of infants.
Table 2.5.9 Ten Leading Causes of Infant Death in South Cotabato, 2017
2017 (19,388) LB 5 Yr. Ave. (2012-2016) 19,925 LB
CAUSES No. of Infant Rate/ No. of Infant Rate/
Death 1,000 L.B. Death 1,000 L.B.
1 Sepsis 81 4.18 57 2.86
2 Respiratory Distress Syndrome 25 1.29 15 0.75
3 Prematurity 22 1.13 37 1.86
4 PNA/CAP/Bronchopneumonia 17 0.88 26 1.30
5 Fetal Death/ Still Birth 16 0.83 2 0.10
6 Asphyxia 13 0.67 7 0.35
7 Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy 13 0.67 4 0.20
8 Congenital Anomaly 11 0.57 7 0.35
9 Dissemination Intravascular Coagulation 6 0.31 2 0.10
10 Respiratory Failure 5 0.26 2 0.10

Map 2.5.5 Infant Mortality
Source: PPDO, 2020
Maternal Mortality Rate
The provincial government has vigorously pursued its maternal and child health programs
through the years in its desire to cater the most vulnerable mothers mostly categorized as less
fortunate, especially those living in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDAS).
Thus, efforts were geared towards the establishment of Basic Emergency Obstetric Care or
BEmOC, presence of lying-in centers, barangay health stations, rural health units and the
construction of Bahay Ni Nanay in every LGU to serve primarily those located in far flung
barangays. The establishment of these facilities and capacitating the rural midwives are envisioned
as strong and effective strategies to reduce maternal and child mortality.
The maternal mortality rate of South Cotabato indicates an erratic trend in a span of 6 years
(2013-2018), but the 2017 data posed a significant decline at 30.95%, the lowest in 6 years,
compared to 86.31% maternal death rate recorded in 2013. The four (4) leading causes of maternal
deaths for the years 2012 to 2017 are eclampsia, severe post-partum hemorrhage, pre-eclampsia
and sepsis (Table 2.5.11). Maternal mortality was higher in 2016 by 6 compared to 2017 with only 6
deaths. Data shown in Table 2.5.10 have a decreasing trend for 2 years. Among the LGUs, only
Surallah and Tantangan recorded zero death, while Polomolok has the highest decrease in
maternal deaths from 4 to 0, followed by Koronadal City and Tboli (from 3 to 1), and Lake Sebu and
Norala (from 1 to 0). On the other hand, Sto. Niño, Tampakan, Tupi and Banga recorded 1 death
each in 2017.

Figure 2.5.19 Maternal Mortality Rate in South Cotabato, 2013-2018
100
86.31
90
80
70 60.84 61.58
60 50.47 50.9
50
40 30.95
30
20
10
0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Table 2.5.10 Total Maternal Mortality Rate, By City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2016, 2017, 2018
2016 Maternal 2017 Maternal 2018 Maternal
Live Live Live
Mortality Mortality Mortality
City/Municipality Births Births Births
Rate/100,000 Rate/100,000 Rate/100,000
2016 No. 2017 No. 2018 No.
Live Births Live Births Live Births
1 Banga 1,735 0 0 1,647 1 60.72 1,770 1 56.50
2 Koronadal
3,568 3 84.08 3,629 1 27.56 3,518 2 56.85
City
3 Lake Sebu 1,629 1 61.39 1,604 0 0 1,649 1 60.64
4 Norala 1,068 1 93.63 1,127 0 0 1,152 1 86.61
5 Polomolok 3,815 4 104.85 3,932 0 0 3,715 2 53.84
6 Sto. Niño 822 0 0 799 1 125.16 756 0
7 Surallah 1,980 0 0 1,823 0 0 1,926 2 103.84
8 Tampakan 751 0 0 737 1 135.69 726 0
9 Tantangan 708 0 0 629 0 0 731 0
10 Tboli 2,294 3 130.78 2,094 1 47.76 2,158 3 139.02
11 Tupi 1,354 0 0 1,367 1 73.15 1,385 0
TOTAL 19,724 12 60.84 19,388 6 30.95 19,486 12 61.58
Source: Integrated Provincial Health Office (IPHO), 2018
Table 2.5.11 Top Four (4) Leading Causes of Maternal Deaths in South Cotabato, 2012-2016, 2017
5 Yr. Ave. (2012-2016)
2017 (19,388)LB
(19,925) LB
CAUSES No. of No. of
Rate/ Rate/
Maternal Maternal
1,000 L.B. 1,000 L.B.
Deaths Deaths
1 Eclampsia 2 10.32 2 10.04
2 Hemorrhage 2 10.32 5 25.09
3 Pre-Eclampsia 1 5.16 1 5.02
4 Sepsis 1 5.15 1 5.02
Source: Integrated Provincial Health Office (IPHO), 2018

Map 2.5.6 Maternal Mortality
Source: PPDO, 2020
Causes of Mortality
South Cotabato’s leading causes of mortality for all ages from 2013 to 2018 are cardiovascular
diseases, glomerural and renal disease, sepsis, pneumonia and all forms of cancer. Based on the
2018 data, cardiovascular diseases affected a total of 862 people or 89.07% per 100,000
population. Glomeral and Renal Disease, and Pneumonia ranked second both at a rate of 34.93%
affecting 338 people and 332, respectively. Cancer in all forms recorded 264 deaths or at a rate of
27.28% per 100,000 population. Notably, the six-year data signify that the leading causes of
mortality in the province are often associated to lifestyle. Thus, the government should consider
revisiting its strategies for monitoring and evaluation of existing interventions to properly and
effectively address the issue.
Table 2.5.12 Top Ten (10) Leading Causes of Mortality (All Ages), South Cotabato, 2013-2017, 2018
Five-Year Average
2018
(2013-2017)
(967,784) Pop’n
CAUSES (908,925) Pop’n
No. of Deaths Rate / No. of Deaths Rate/
(all ages) 100,000 Pop’n. (all ages) 100,000 Pop’n.
1 Cardio Vascular Diseases 827 91.03 862 89.07
2 Glomerural & Renal Disease 383 42.12 338 34.93
3 Sepsis 291 31.97 191 19.74
4 Pneumonia 495 54.48 332 34.93
5 Cancer all forms 290 31.88 264 27.28
6 Wounds and Injuries 248 27.31 241 24.90
7 Diabetes Mellitus 158 17.36 139 14.36

Five-Year Average
2018
(2013-2017)
(967,784) Pop’n
CAUSES (908,925) Pop’n
No. of Deaths Rate / No. of Deaths Rate/
(all ages) 100,000 Pop’n. (all ages) 100,000 Pop’n.
8 COPD (Chronic Obstructive
133 14.68 155 16.02
Pulmonary Disease)
9 TB all forms 72 7.97 78 8.06
10 Asphysia 19 2.05 49 5.06
Causes of Morbidity
The three (3) leading causes of morbidity in South Cotabato for all ages include other
respiratory infection, bronchitis, and hypertension. A total of 37,265 people suffered respiratory
infection from 2012 to 2017, making it the primary cause of morbidity in the province. All other
diseases were recorded as lifestyle diseases as well as climate change-related diseases,
characterized either as water-borne or airborne diseases.
Table 2.5.13 Top Ten (10) Leading Causes of Morbidity (All Ages), South Cotabato, 2012-2016, 2017
5-Year Average (2012-2016) 2017
CAUSES (888,980 Pop’n) (957,212 Pop’n)
No. of morbidity (all ages) No. of morbidity (all ages)
1 Other Respiratory Infection 15,991 21,274
2 Bronchitis 4,039 6,273
3 Hypertension 6,007 6,193
4 Pneumonia 8,890 6,059
5 Wounds and Injuries 1,680 6,002
6 Glomerural & Renal Diseases 4,946 4,526
7 Bite-All Forms 2,188 3,872
8 Influenza 4,911 3,687
9 Dengue 3,177 3,293
10 Skin Diseases and Problems 2,303 2,972
Medical Health Facilities
The delivery of basic public health services in South Cotabato is provided primarily by both the
government and the private sector. There are six (6) government hospitals in the province, four (4)
of which are being administered by the provincial government through the Integrated Provincial
Health Office (South Cotabato Provincial Hospital, Norala District Hospital, Polomolok Municipal
Hospital, Upper Valley Community Hospital) and two (2) community hospitals (Lake Sebu Municipal
Hospital, Roel I. Senador Memorial Hospital - Tupi) run by the respective municipalities.
Significantly, the data show (Table 2.5.14) that the bed capacity of all government hospitals, as well
their service capability, have not improved for three years despite the increasing number of
admitted patients yearly.
Under the private sector, there are 17 private hospitals in the province with a total of 840 beds
in 2018. Table 2.5.15 shows a significant improvement in the private hospitals’ bed capacity from
810 to 840 within the 3-year period. Bontuyan Medical Hospital, Inc. in Polomolok upgraded by 12
beds while Dr. Francisco Parcon in Banga, a newly established hospital in 2017, contributed 18
beds in the tally.
Table 2.5.14 Government Hospitals and Bed Capacity, South Cotabato 2016, 2017,2018
Service
Total Beds Capacity
No. Name Location Capability
2016 2017 2018 2017
1 South Cotabato Provincial Hospital Koronadal City 200 200 200 Level 3
2 Norala District Hospital Norala 40 40 40 Level 1
3 Polomolok Municipal Hospital Polomolok 18 18 18 Infirmary
4 Upper Valley Community Hospital Surallah 18 18 18 Infirmary
5 Roel I. Senador Memorial Hospital Tupi 18 18 18 Infirmary
6 Lake Sebu Municipal Hospital Lake Sebu 18 18 16 Infirmary
TOTAL 312 312 310
Table 2.5.15 Private Hospitals and Bed Capacity, South Cotabato, 2016, 2017, 2018
Total Number of Beds Service Capability
No. Name Location
2016 2017 2018 2018
Koronadal
1 Allah Valley Medical Center, Inc., 100 100 100 Level 2
City
Koronadal
2 Dr. Arturo P. Pingoy Medical Center 100 100 100 Level 2
City
3 Howard Hubbard Memorial Hospital Polomolok 95 95 95 Level 2
Koronadal
4 SOCOMEDICS Medical Center 65 65 65 Level 1
City
5 Landero Clinic and Hospital Surallah 65 65 65 Level 1
6 Lariosa Clinic and Hospital Surallah 60 60 60 Level 1
7 Bontuyan Medical Hospital Inc Polomolok 50 62 62 Level 1
8 Surallah Community Hospital, Surallah 50 50 50 Level 1
9 Moorehouse Mission Hospital T’boli 55 55 55 Infirmary
10 Heramil Hospital, Polomolok 50 50 50 Infirmary
11 Januaria Marcial Memorial Hospital Banga 25 25 25 Infirmary
Dr. Rogelio M. Garcia Memorial
12 Tupi 24 24 24 Infirmary
Hospital
13 ZMK Doctor’s Clinic and Hospital Sto. Nino 22 22 22 Infirmary
14 Clinica Luntao, Inc. Sto. Nino 18 18 18 Infirmary
15 St. Jude Clinic and Hospital Sto. Nino 18 18 18 Infirmary
16 Clinica Luntao, Inc. Branch Norala 13 13 13 Infirmary
Dr. Francisco C. Parcon Clinic &
17 Banga 18 18 Infirmary
Hospital
TOTAL 810 840 840

Map 2.5.7 Medical Health Facilities Map
Source: PPDO, 2020
Medical Health Workers
There are a total of 556 permanent public health personnel from four (4) public hospitals in
2018, which the provincial government through the IPHO directly administers - the South Cotabato
Provincial Hospital (376), Norala District Hospital (96), Polomolok Municipal Hospital (30) and Lake
Sebu Municipal Hospital (46). Figure 2.5.20 shows that the bulk of public health personnel among
the four hospitals are stationed in SCPH. However, while SCPH and NDH have an increasing
number of health personnel for two consecutive years (2017 and 2018), PMH reduced its health
personnel by 2 and UVCH maintained its personnel count at 46. Figure 2.5.21 also depicts that
among the health service professionals, nurses comprise the biggest count at 257 in 2018, followed
by nursing attendants (117), doctors (88), medical technologists (35), pharmacists (20), radiologic
technologists (17), and dental aides (3). On the other hand, the numbers of dentists (3), midwives
(9), and nutritionists (7) have not improved during the two-year period.
SCPH, a Level 2 hospital, caters to a number of patients which is more than the public health
personnel-patient ratio as well the hospital’s bed capacity. Excluded from the data are the services
of job order nurses and nursing attendants serving the SCPH complementing the inadequacy of
permanent health personnel. Thus, a decrease in the number of public health personnel at these
times presents negative short- and long-term impacts to the health service delivery in the province.

Figure 2.5.20 Public Health Personnel -By Hospital, South Cotabato, 2017, 2018
400 376
336
350
300
250
200
150 96 90
100 46 46
30 32
50
0
SCPH NDH PMH UVCH
2018 2017
Figure 2.5.21 Public Health Personnel -By Profession, South Cotabato, 2017, 2018
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Dental Nursing
Doctor Dentist Nurse Midwife MedTech Nutritionist RadTech Pharmacist Total
Aide Attendant
2018 88 3 257 9 35 3 117 7 17 20 556
2017 77 3 249 9 33 1 108 7 8 9 504
Tables 2.5.16 and 2.5.17 show that the

number of health personnel in different LGUs Generally, most of the issues
have not significantly changed in a span of six confronting this sector include high
years (2013-2018), except the number of nurses, medical costs, insufficient medical
despite the increasing number of patients. A equipment and facilities, and the
sharp downturn of nurses in 2017 was observed disproportionate number of medical
showing a negative implication for South personnel against the number of
Cotabato. It follows that the delivery of public
population to be served, and
health services in urban and rural areas
inadequate support for the capacity
especially in remote and far-flung barangays is
still inadequate. Patients seeking serious medical development/advancement of health
attention need to be directly referred to South personnel.
Cotabato Provincial Hospital located in
Koronadal City.
As the Rural Health Units (RHUs) are continuously being strengthened at the local level, the
core of health services providers at the LGUs include doctors, nurses, dentists, medical
technologists, pharmacists, sanitary inspectors, dental aides, and midwives-bhs /lying-in/ NDP.
Poor access to hinterland barangays is still a major constraint for medical/health service providers.

Table 2.5.16 Public Health Personnel by City/Municipality (Doctors, Nurses, Dentists and MedTechs), 2013,2015,2017, 2018
Doctors Nurses Dentists Medical Technologists
City/Municipality
2013 2015 2017 2018 2013 2015 2017 2018 2013 2015 2017 2018 2013 2015 2017 2018
Banga 2 2 2 1 15 21 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
Lake Sebu 1 1 1 1 12 20 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1
Koronadal 5 5 5 5 20 25 11 12 1 2 2 1 4 5 5 2
Norala 5 1 1 1 8 12 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Polomolok 3 4 4 4 12 19 5 7 1 2 2 2 1 2 3 2
Sto. Niño 1 1 1 1 5 8 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 1
Surallah 2 2 2 2 11 14 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
Tampakan 1 1 1 1 7 14 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 1 3 2
Tantangan 1 1 1 1 7 12 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1
Tupi 2 2 2 2 11 15 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Tboli 1 1 1 1 12 17 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
TOTAL 20 21 21 20 120 177 33 37 11 11 12 10 16 20 26 16
Table 2.5.17 Public Health Personnel (Pharmacists, Midwives, Sanitary Inspectors and Dental Aides) by
City/Municipality,2013,2015,2017,2018
Midwives – BHS/Lying-Ins/
Pharmacists Sanitary Inspectors Dental Aides
City/Municipality NDP
2013 2015 2017 2018 2013 2015 2017 2018 2013 2015 2017 2018 2013 2015 2017 2018
No No
Banga 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
data data
41 28
Lake Sebu 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 34 10
Koronadal 1 1 1 1 4 4 5 5 1 3 3 1 54 34
Norala 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 27 15
Polomolok 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 2 51 41
Sto. Niño 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 18 9
Surallah 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 1 42 23
Tampakan 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 34 19
Tantangan 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 22 13
Tupi 0 0 0 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 35 22
Tboli 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 45 12
TOTAL 1 2 2 2 19 22 20 21 11 14 14 13 403 226
The national standard for the bed to population ratio is 1:1,000. For seven (7) consecutive
years, the province has achieved its goal by obtaining a ratio below the set national standard,
except in 2014 (1:1,376). The figures, however, do not reflect a good picture for South Cotabato
since issues pertaining to bed capacity still persist among government hospitals given the
increasing number of admitted patients.
Table 2.5.18 Availability of Government and Private Hospitals per 1,000 Population (Bed to Population Ratio), South Cotabato, 2012-2018
Year Ratio No. of Hospitals Bed Capacity Population
2012 1:930 22 922 857,585
2013 1:973 21 897 873,193
2014 1:1,376 21 922 889,084
2015 1:883 21 1,036 915,289
2016 1:833 21 1,104 920,192
2017 1:844 22 1,134 957,212
2018 1:844 23 1,146 967,784
Other than the six government hospitals (Table 2.5.14 and Table 2.5.15) mentioned as medical
facilities in the province, there are Rural Health Units (RHUs) present in every LGU to provide
primary health care services to all constituents especially those in far-flung areas. RHUs are
classified into two types: Barangay Health Stations (BHS) and Main Health Center (MHC).

The Barangay Health Station is the initial unit that dispenses basic health care like maternal
and child care, immunization, treatment of simple medical conditions, nutrition, family planning,
sanitary health care, emergency treatment and health education. On the other hand, the Main
Health Center engages in a broad range of activities covering mostly referrals from the BHS and
the preventive, promotive and curative aspects of health care. All RHUs are under the
administrative and technical supervision of the municipal or city governments (CLUP Guidebook
Volume 2 (2006),).
For six years (2013-2018), data show that the MHCs (11) are well established in all LGUs. This
includes 221 BHS and 148 Botika ng Barangay in 2018. While there are 199 barangays in South
Cotabato, most number of Barangay Health Stations are found in Koronadal City (34) with 7
additional BHS out of 27 barangays, 6 additional BHS out of 23 barangays in Polomolok (29),
additional 3 BHS out of 14 barangays in Tampakan (17), 2 additional BHS for Tboli (27) and Lake
Sebu (21) out of 25 and 19 barangays, respectively. Norala (14) and Tupi (15) have one (1)
additional BHS each. Generally, South Cotabato has achieved its goal of having at least one (1)
C/MHCs per LGU and 1 BHS per barangay that are functional. Although shorthanded, the existing
148 Botika ng Barangay in the whole province are of big help among the constituents by providing
necessary medicine at the barangay level.
Table 2.5.19 Rural Health Units, South Cotabato, 2015-2018

Municipal/City Health Centers Brgy. Health Stations Botika ng Barangay
City/Municipality
2015 2016 2017 2018 2015 2016 2017 2018 2015 2016
Banga 1 1 1 1 22 22 22 22 11 11
Koronadal 1 1 1 1 34 34 34 34 12 12
Lake Sebu 1 1 1 1 20 20 21 21 12 12
Norala 1 1 1 1 15 15 15 15 12 12
Polomolok 1 1 1 1 28 28 29 29 23 23
Sto. Niño 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10
Surallah 1 1 1 1 18 18 17 17 15 15
Tampakan 1 1 1 1 16 16 17 17 10 10
Tantangan 1 1 1 1 13 13 13 13 12 12
Tboli 1 1 1 1 27 27 27 27 16 16
Tupi 1 1 1 1 17 17 16 16 15 15
TOTAL 11 11 11 11 220 220 221 221 148 148

Map 2.5.8 Rural Health Facilities
Source: PPDO, 2020
Human Immunodeficiency Virus- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV-AIDS)
In 2015 the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were replaced by 17 Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs), each with specific targets to be achieved by 2030. Under the SDG
framework, the three MDGs relating to health were replaced by an overarching health goal –
Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages (including universal access to HIV
prevention services, sexual and reproductive health services and drug dependence treatment and
harm reduction services) which targets to end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030 (Target 3.3),
and achieve universal health coverage, access to quality health care services, and access to safe,
effective, quality, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all (Target 3.8).
In addition, a number of other SDGs also relate to the HIV response, which includes quality
education, with emphasis on comprehensive sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education and
life skills (SDG 4); Gender equality, including targets on sexual and reproductive health and rights
(SRHR) and the elimination of violence, harmful gender norms and practices (SDG 5); Reduced
inequalities, including targets on protection against discrimination, and the empowerment of people
to claim their rights and enhance access to HIV services (SDG 10); and Peace, justice and strong
institutions, including reduced violence against key populations and people living with HIV (SDG
16).
Although efforts were made to address HIV AIDS issues, Philippines is reported in 2018 to
have the fastest growing HIV epidemic in the world, not only in the Asia and the Pacific (UNAIDS,
2018). HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system then causes AIDS. AIDS is a condition
characterized by a combination of signs and symptoms caused by HIV. It makes the afflicted
individual susceptible to other life-threatening infections.
In South Cotabato, the figures in Table 2.5.20 show that there are a total of seventy-seven (77)
confirmed AIDS cases in a span of 33 years (1984 to 2017). Most of the cases of HIV are
asymptomatic reaching a total of 547 in 2017. Asymptomatic HIV Infection is the second stage of
HIV infection or a phase of chronic infection where no HIV symptoms are detected. It is the stage
where the virus keeps multiplying in the body and the immune system slowly weakens without any
symptoms. The highest recorded asymptomatic cases in 2017 is in Koronadal City (105). Included
in the top three (3) are Polomolok (45) and Banga (19), followed by Surallah (15), Tupi (15), Sto.
Niño (13), Norala (7), Tboli (7), Tampakan (7), and Lake Sebu (4) (Figure 2.5.22). The unknown
location included in the data refers to cases of patients with undisclosed residence. The data in
2018, however, shows only the total number HIV/AIDS cases with no disaggregation as to AIDS
and asymptomatic cases. The data in 2018 also exclude General Santos City from the overall
number of cases.
Table 2.5.20 HIV Cases by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 1984 to 2018

December January to December 1984-present
City/
2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2018
Municipality
AIDS Asymptomatic AIDS Asymptomatic AIDS Asymptomatic HIV/AIDS
Banga 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 3 3 15 19 29
Koronadal
0 0 1 0 3 2 11 24 10 12 81 105 161
City
Lake Sebu 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 4 4 6
Norala 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 4 4 6 7 14
Polomolok 0 0 0 1 2 0 10 10 9 9 35 45 75
Sto Niño 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 3 12 13 25
Surallah 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 4 2 3 11 15 30
Tboli 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 5 7 11
Tampakan 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 5 7 12
Tantangan 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 2 6 6 13
Tupi 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 5 2 2 10 15 21
TOTAL 1 0 2 1 10 4 34 53 35 39 190 243 397
General
0 2 6 11 10 10 62 71 28 38 231 302 N/A
Santos City
Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2
GRAND
1 2 8 12 20 14 96 124 63 77 423 547 399
TOTAL
Source: IPHO South Cotabato/DOH Epidemiology Bureau
Figure 2.5.22 HIV Cases by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 1984 to January 2017
120 105
100
80
60 45
40 19 12 9 13 15 15
20 3 4 0 7 4 3 3 7 1 7 0 6 2 2 2 0
0
Asymptomatic AIDS
Source: IPHO South Cotabato / DOH Epidemiology Bureau

HIV/AIDS cases in South Cotabato are predominantly higher in males than females as shown
in Figure 2.5.23, with only 8% or 33 HIV cases recorded for females and a significantly higher rate
at 92% or 366 for males.
Figure 2.5.23 HIV/AIDS Cases by Sex (excluding Gen. In terms of age, recorded HIV/AIDS cases
Santos City), 1984 to January 2018 range from 9-63 years old with 25-34 year-old
400 366 bracket or 27 as the median age or the age having
350 the most number of positive cases (Figure 2.5.24).
Second in the ranking are those cases with ages
300
ranging from 15 to 24 years old. These ages
250 comprise mostly adolescents, young adults and
200
adults who are in their sexual reproductive ages.
150
100 The prevalence of HIV infections

50 33 among young adults is alarming
considering that they comprise the
0
Female Male working force in the province.
Figure 2.5.24 HIV/AIDS Cases by Age Group (excluding Gen.
250
193
200
144
150
100
54
50
2 6
0
<15 y/o 15-24 y/o 25-34 y/o 35-49 y/o 50 & older
Santos City), 1984 – 2018
As shown in Figure 2.5.25, homosexuals (216) or those engaging in same sex sexual relations
constitute the highest rating for mode of transmission. It is followed by bisexuals (118) or those
engaging in both heterosexual (opposite sex) and homosexual (same sex) sexual relations like men
having sex with men (MSM). The heterosexuals ranked 3rd with 64 cases, while only one HIV/AIDS
case transmitted through perinatal (acquired while the mother is still pregnant) was recorded.
Figure 2.5.25 HIV/AIDS Cases by Mode of Transmission, South Cotabato, 1984-2018

250 216
200
150 118
100 64
50
1
0
Bisexual Heterosexual Homosexual Perinatal

Other data such as HIV cases among OFWs recorded at 36 cases from 1984-2018 as well 17
deaths in 34 years (IPHO, 2018).
Map 2.5.9 HIV/AIDS
Source: PPDO, 2020
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic
In the later part of 2019, the corona virus disease or formerly called novel corona virus disease
started spreading in China particularly in Wuhan City, Hubei Province. The disease was believed to
have come from a seafood market in the city. Since the disease was reportedly escalating in
numerous countries (114 countries) with almost 118,000 cases and already recorded significant
number of deaths (4,291) due to the disease, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a
pandemic in March 11, 2020 (World Health Organization, March 11, 2020).
While COVID-19 has been monitored by all nations since the beginning of 2020, the Philippine
government acted on the health issue in a manner similar to that of other Asian nations, by placing
the entire country under state of public health emergency on March 10, 2020 (Proclamation 922).
This was imperative due to the increasing number of corona virus cases from 10 to 24 in one (1)
day in Luzon area, particularly in Metro Manila. The rapid escalation of cases brought the entire
country under the state of Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) in March 16, 2020.
In response, the provincial government of South Cotabato placed the entire province under
ECQ or total lockdown and closed its borders until April 30, 2020 to prevent the spread or
transmission of the disease. The 45-day quarantine has been successful in way that only three (3)
confirmed COVID-19 cases were recorded in the province and all of them have fully recovered.

The Provincial Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit
(PESU) under the Integrated Provincial Health Office LGUs are expected to be
(IPHO) has been steadfast in its mission to slow down or more prepared especially in terms
prevent the spread of the disease by early of logistics for the impending
implementation of lockdown and preparation of second wave or disease rebound
necessary logistics. Since the lockdown has frozen the during the economic restart.
entire economy,
Eleven (11) days after the economy has opened in South Cotabato under the general
community quarantine (GCQ), the province recorded no new cases. Map 2.5.10 displays the
number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, suspects and probable individuals as of May 7, 2020.
Map 2.5.10 COVID-19 Map
Source: PPDO, 2020
2.5.2.2 Nutrition
For 9 years (2009-2018), the malnutrition prevalence rate (Figure 2.5.26) of the province has
significantly decreased based on the result of Operation Timbang (OPT) conducted by the
Barangay Nutrition Scholars (BNS) and other nutrition implementers.
The estimated number of pre-schoolers in the province continually increased every year. In
2012, there were already 85,827 pre-schoolers. From this figure, it appears that 78,220 or 91.14 %
of these children have a normal nutritional status. Malnourished children, which include children
below normal or severely underweight, reached 8.38% or 7,196 and 0.46% or 399 overweight
children. As demonstrated in Table 2.5.21, an increasing trend is observed on the estimated
number of pre-school children in South Cotabato for seven years but with a decreasing malnutrition
rate (% of underweight and severely underweight).
Table 2.5.21 South Cotabato Nutritional Status of Pre-Schoolers (for 10 Municipalities), 2012-2018
Estimated No. Below Normal % of Under-weight &
Over-
Year of Pre-school Total Weighed Normal (Very low) Severely Under-
weight
Children Severely Under-weight weight
2012 85,827 85,815 78,220 7,196 399 8.38
2013 114,392 96,893 88,938 7395 560 7.63
2014 116,684 94,922 87,435 6888 599 7.26
2015 118,746 103,725 97,260 5885 580 5.67
2016 120,846 104,770 98,816 5406 548 5.15
2017 125,429 103,008 97,841 4601 566 4.46
2018 106,475 83,457 80,173 2,851 433 3.41
Source: PSWDO-Nutrition Unit
The biggest decrease was recorded at 1.59% malnutrition rate from 2014 to 2015. As a result,
South Cotabato has been a constant recipient of Sustenance Award for Consistent Regional
Outstanding Winner on Nutrition or (CROWN) for many years, both in the regional and national
level. The provincial government has been actively collaborating with its government and non-
government partners in improving the nutrition situation in the province. Supplementary Feeding,
Multi-vitamins and Micro-nutrient Supplementation, Home, School, and Community Food
Production, and Nutrition Education are among the major programs on nutrition and hunger
management. Under the supplementary feeding program to pre-school and school children,
several interventions are implemented such as Sagop Bata, Nutrition Priority Areas, Bulig mo Buas
Damlag Ko, Kapit Bisig Para sa Kabataan and Vitameal Supplementary Feeding. The program
components are designed to provide the beneficiaries with high calories and high protein foods,
which are a combination of hot meals and formulated nutritious snacks given three (3) times a
week.
Figure 2.5.26 Malnutrition Prevalence Rate, South Cotabato, 2009-2018
14.00% 11.92%
12.00% 10.25%
9.01% 8.38%
10.00% 7.63% 7.26%
8.00% 5.67% 5.15%
6.00% 4.46%
3.41%
4.00%
2.00%
0.00%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
For the component local government units, Tboli recorded the highest malnutrition prevalence
rate at 4.80% followed by Tampakan (4.75%), Banga (4.61%), Tupi (4.34%), and Lake Sebu
(4.29%). The results may be attributable to the presence of communities in far flung barangays or
areas where government services are inadequately accessible. Areas with the least rate of
malnutrition are Surallah (1%) and Norala (1.77%).

Figure 2.5.27 Malnutrition Prevalence Rate, City/Municipalities, South Cotabato, 2018
6.00% 4.75% 4.80%
4.29% 4.34% 4.61%
5.00% 3.76%
4.00% 3.08%
3.00% 2.29% 2.34%
1.77%
2.00% 1.00%
1.00%
0.00%
Tampakan Tboli Lake Sebu Norala Surallah Tupi Koronadal Polomolok Banga Sto.Nino Tantangan
City
Map 2.5.11 Malnutrition Map
Source: PPDO, 2020
These BNS are the anchors of the local

In the provision of nutrition services in government units - province, city, and
the province, the core of its municipality, in the implementation of the
implementation are the dynamic nutrition program such as the Operation
Barangay Nutrition Scholars (BNS) Timbang, Deworming and Vitamin
working on the ground. Supplementation and Supplemental
Feeding. Home, school and community
food production intervention is introduced
to beneficiaries as a sustaining mechanism for the families with undernourished children who have
been rehabilitated by supplementary feeding. For PABASA sa Nutrisyon, this component under the
Nutrition Program, is provided to nutrition implementers, food handlers, mothers, students and

community to further strengthen the nutrition services and help eliminate malnutrition in the
province.
In 2018, there are about 351 BNS in South Cotabato with the highest number in Koronadal
City (56) followed by Tboli (55) and Polomolok (41). All other LGUs have established one (1) or
more BNS per barangay. Since 2012, the number of BNS is increasing, except in 2017, which
recorded a slight decrease. However, South Cotabato managed to increase the number by 8
additional BNS in Koronadal City in 2018 (Table 2.5.22).
Table 2.5.22 Barangay Nutrition Scholars (BNS) by City/Municipality, 2012-2018

Number of Barangay Nutrition Scholars
City/Municipality No. of Barangays.
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Banga 22 32 32 33 33 33 32 32
Koronadal City 27 39 42 42 48 48 48 56
Lake Sebu 19 34 27 27 33 33 31 31
Norala 14 18 19 19 19 19 18 18
Polomolok 23 35 42 42 37 37 41 41
Sto. Niño 10 13 13 13 14 14 16 16
Surallah 17 37 36 36 36 36 36 36
Tampakan 14 22 23 23 23 23 23 23
Tantangan 13 23 23 23 24 24 24 24
Tboli 25 50 50 50 62 62 55 55
Tupi 15 18 18 18 19 19 19 19
TOTAL 199 321 326 326 348 348 343 351
2.5.2.3 Sanitation
Sanitation refers to “the hygienic and proper management, collection, disposal or reuse of
human excreta and community liquid wastes to safeguard the health of individuals and
communities.” Sanitation programs’ main objectives are: to improve health conditions, to promote
dignity of living or enhanced quality of life and to protect the environment.”3
Households with Access to Potable Water
Under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), Goal 6 is to ensure access to water and
sanitation for all. To improve sanitation and access to drinking water, there is a need to increase
investments in the management of freshwater ecosystems and sanitation facilities at the local level.
Thus, aligned with the goals of SDG, Philippine Development Plan (PDP) and the Regional
Development Plan (RDP), 2018 data demonstrate that South Cotabato almost achieved its target of
providing all households with safe and potable water (90%-100%). As shown in Figure 2.5.28, the
municipalities of Tboli, Norala and Tantangan achieved 100% of their targets in 2017 but failed to
maintain it in 2018. LGUs with improved access to safe water were Lake Sebu with 1% increase,
followed by Surallah (2%), Tampakan (6%), Tupi (3%).
3Philippines Sanitation Sourcebook and Decision Aid, 2005

Figure 2.5.28 Access to Safe Water by City/ Municipality, South Cotabato, 2017, 2018
2018 2017
102%
100%
98%
96%
94%
92%
90%
88%
86%
84%
Koronadal
City
2018 98% 97% 91% 98% 95% 97% 97% 96% 92% 96% 93%
2017 98% 98% 90% 100% 98% 97% 95% 90% 100% 100% 90%
Map 2.5.12 Sanitation Map (Water)
Source: PPDO, 2020
Households with Access to Sanitary Toilet
The 2018 data (Figure 2.5.29) show a negative implication for most of the component LGUs
of South Cotabato in its efforts in providing households better access to sanitary toilet from 81%-
98% in 2017 to 77%-97% in 2018. Among the LGUs, only Tboli showed a positive performance by
4% increase in the number of households with access to sanitary toilet. On the other hand,
Koronadal City recorded the highest decrease at 15%, followed by Polomolok (9%), Surallah (7%),
Tantangan and Tupi (4%), Lake Sebu and Tampakan (3%), Banga and Norala (1%). Sto. Niño
maintained it at 85%.

Figure 2.5.29 Households with Access to Sanitary Toilets by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2017, 2018
2018 2017
120%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Koronadal
City
2018 96% 81% 89% 97% 84% 85% 88% 84% 77% 95% 78%
2017 97% 96% 92% 98% 93% 85% 95% 87% 81% 91% 82%
Map 2.5.13 Sanitation Map (Toilet)
Source: PPDO, 2020
Food Sanitation
In terms of food establishments operating within the province, Figure 2.5.30 displays the total
number of establishments per LGU and the level of compliance in securing sanitary permits. Only
Norala obtained a 100% rating in compliance with the health and sanitation requirements with the
879 food establishments registered in the area. Koronadal City ranked second at 99.35% (1,230
out of 1,238) followed by Polomolok at 96% (2,548 out of 2,655), Lake Sebu at 91% (185 out of
203), and Sto. Niño (156 out of 173) obtained a 90.17% rating. LGUs with compliance below 90%
include Tboli (351 out of 400) at 87.75%, Banga (251 out of 306) at 82%, Tampakan (185 out of
355) at 52.11%, Tupi (415 out of 937) at 44.29%, Tantangan (74 out of 237) at 31.22%, and
Surallah (215 out of 1,750) at 12.28%.
On the other hand, the economic boom The low compliance rate of
in Surallah registered the highest number of establishments in the municipality can
establishments among the LGUs in 2018 at be attributed to poor monitoring due to
1,750 establishments but also recorded to lack of sanitary inspector and weak local
have the lowest compliance (215 out of policy on non-compliance including
1,750) at only 12.28%. absence of sanctions.
Figure 2.5.30 Number of Food Establishments City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018

3000
2655
2500
2000
1750
1500
1238
2548
879 937
1000
400 1230
500 306 879 355
203 173 237
251 185 156 215 185 74 351 415
0
Banga Lake Sebu Norala Polomolok Sto. Niño Surallah Tampakan Tantangan Tboli Tupi Koronadal
City
Number of Food Establishments Food Establishments with Sanitary Permit
2.5.2.4 Social Welfare and Development
The social welfare and development aim to uplift the living conditions and empower the
disadvantaged children, youth, women, older persons, persons with disabilities, solo parents, tribal
community / indigenous people, individuals or families in crisis or at-risk and communities needing
assistance.
Empowerment of the disadvantaged individuals, families and communities

necessitates the provision and equal access to basic socio-political and
economic services to improve their quality of life, perform their expected roles in
the society through strengthened coping mechanism, and meet their basic needs.
Equality in accessing services is also addressed through the recognition of the inequality of men
and women’s role in the society and resolving it.
The enactment of the Gender and Development (GAD) Code of South Cotabato has been a
positive step in ensuring that women become agents of development, and not just beneficiaries.
The code also paved the way for women to be capacitated and mobilized to understand, identify

and overcome gender discrimination and achieve equality. Thus, gender and development
programs, projects and activities (PPAs) in health, nutrition, sanitation, labor and employment,
education, culture and arts, tourism, trade and industry, institutional development, policies aimed to
be gender responsive and gender sensitive especially in recognizing the role of women giving
importance on women empowerment essential for women’s advancement.
Youth
Youth comprises the considerable sector of the population from the age of fifteen
(15) to thirty (30) years as defined under Republic Act 8044 or the Youth in Nation
Building of 1995. This Act significantly aims to maximize the participation of the
youth in nation-building as responsible and proactive citizens.
.
The youth welfare program of the province provides developmental, remedial and preventive
services to Out-of-School-Youth (OSY) aged 15-24 by means of self-employment assistance
program, social awareness and community responsibility, and special services. These youth
services include but not limited to skills training (commercial cooking, computer hardware servicing,
manicure and pedicure, slipper making and basic and fashion jewelry making), establishment of
local youth federation, organization of disaster / first aid rescue groups, and membership to 4-H
Federation focused on agri-economic advocacies in coordination with several agencies such as
DepEd, DWSD, DOLE, TESDA, DA, PNP, SK Federation, Red Cross, NGOs / CSOs, PLGU
Departments, C/MLGUs and other partners.
Data in Figure 2.5.31 show that urbanization may be a factor in the similarities of youth count
within the province. Koronadal (35,810) and Polomolok (31,777), both classified as urbanized
areas, have almost the same level of youth count. Lake Sebu and Tboli followed at 22,327 and
22,253, respectively, since both are among the component LGUs with the fastest growing
population in the province. Although currently urbanizing, Surallah (17,579) and Banga (17,136)
both ranked third while Tupi (15,543) placed fourth. On the contrary, Norala (10,014), Tantangan
(8,941), Tampakan (8,599), and Sto. Niño (8,579) have the least youth count.
Figure 2.5.31 Number of Youth by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
40,000 35,810
35,000 31,777
30,000
25,000 22,327 22,253
20,000 17,579 17,136
15,543
15,000
10,014 8,941
8,579 8,599
10,000
5,000
0
Lake Sebu Tboli Norala Surallah Banga Koronadal Sto.Niño Tantangan Tampakan Tupi Polomolok
City
Source: PSA-National Statistics Office (2015); PPDO Estimate, 2018

South Cotabato has not yet established a localized out-of-school youth data, thus the province
still uses the PSA census (2015). Table 2.5.23 reveals the projected number of Out-of-School-
Youth (OSY) in the province aged 15 to 19 years old at 36.78% and 10 to 14 years old at 4.67%.
For both age brackets, the municipalities with the greatest number of OSYs are Lake Sebu
(26.84%), Tboli (24.73%), Tampakan (22.71%), Tantangan (21.98%) and Tupi (20.45%).
Surprisingly, Koronadal City has the least number of OSY at 15.83% (Figure 2.5.32).
Table 2.5.23 Number of Out-of-School Youth (OSY) 15 to 19 y/o and 10 to 14 y/o by City/Municipality, 2015
Population 15-19 y/o Projected OSYs Population 10-14 y/o Projected OSYs
City/Municipality Both Both Both Both
Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
Sexes Sexes Sexes Sexes
Banga 7,690 3,937 3,753 2,700 1,435 1,265 8,486 4,388 4,098 259 173 86
Koronadal City 17,048 8,529 8,516 4,879 2,492 2,387 16,756 8,698 8,058 471 294 177
Lake Sebu 9,616 4,936 4,680 4,466 2,379 2,087 11,460 6,100 5,360 1191 726 465
Norala 4,643 2,405 2,238 1,689 959 730 4,811 2,511 2,300 171 108 63
Polomolok 14,638 7,358 7,280 5,090 2,741 2,349 15,359 8,036 7,323 535 362 173
Sto. Niño 3,968 2,046 1,922 1,254 703 551 4,131 2,111 2,020 122 74 48
Surallah 7,966 4,053 3,913 2,755 1,444 1,311 8,628 4,432 4,196 384 235 149
Tampakan 3,902 1,985 1,917 1,591 855 736 4,215 2,195 2,020 252 148 104
Tantangan 4,024 2,069 1,955 1,646 895 751 4,416 2,337 2,079 209 127 82
Tboli 9,900 4,914 4,986 4,628 2,260 2,368 11,107 5,698 5,409 567 364 203
Tupi 7,233 3,707 3,526 2,638 1,398 1,240 7,440 3,761 3,679 362 222 140
TOTAL 90,628 45,939 44,689 33,336 17,561 15,775 96,809 50,267 46,542 4,523 2,833 1,690
Source: PSA -2015 Census
Figure 2.5.32 Percentage of OSY by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2015
30.00%
26.84%
24.73%
25.00%
22.71%
21.98%
20.45%
19.67%
20.00% 18.29% 18.75% 18.92%
16.99%
15.83%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Banga Koronadal Lake Sebu Norala Polomolok Sto.Niño Surallah Tampakan Tantangan Tboli Tupi
City
2015
Source: PPDO, 2018

Map 2.5.14 Out-of-School Youth
Source: PPDO, 2018
Being a dependent sector in the society, the opportunities

Encompassing youth provided to the youth sector by their family and friends,
development is the schools, community, local government units, and local
provision of support, development partners are ways of helping the youth to focus
providing opportunities to on academics, skills, and personality development. However,
grow and harness their even with the existing youth development programs in the
full potential especially in province, the youth sector still is involved in so many issues
their teenage years.
such as drug addiction and teenage pregnancy.
Causes for the increasing cases of adolescent pregnancy are

deeply rooted in poverty, gender inequality, violence, child In the province, adolescent
and forced marriage, family matters, discrimination against or teenage pregnancy is
women in the workplace, lack of education, and failure of more than just a
institution that otherwise should be protecting their rights. development issue, it is
also a health issue.
According to the Population Commission, there are about 574
teen pregnancies per day, 24 babies are born to teenage
mothers every hour and almost 200,000 Filipino teens get pregnant annually, most of them ages 15
to 19 (PopCom, 2017). The Philippine government is also looking at the 10-14 age group because
of its big contribution to the number of cases for the country. For 2017, the national teenage
pregnancy rate is recorded at 8.6%. Accordingly, PSA named 3 regions in Mindanao – Davao
Region (17.9%), Northern Mindanao (14.7%) and Southwestern Mindanao or SOCCSKSARGEN
Region (14.5%) to be in the top three list with the highest record of teenage pregnancy rate in the
country.

Figure 2.5.33 shows a decreasing trend in teenage pregnancy incidence (timely registrants) in
the province. Even with an increase of 831 (2013 to 2014), a significant decrease was recorded for
South Cotabato from 2014-2017 at 1,993. The decreasing trend maybe attributable to the active
promotion of several programs (Adolescent Development Program, Responsible Parenthood and
Reproductive Health Program, etc.) of the Provincial Population Office and the Integrated Provincial
Health Office. However, even with the efforts made by the frontline offices, still a slight increase in
the number was recorded at 62 in 2018.
Figure 2.5.33 Number of Teenage Pregnancies (Timely and Late Registrants), South Cotabato, 2012-2018
4,500 4,094
3,855
4,000
3,500 3,263 3,277
2,826
3,000
2,500 2,101 2,163
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Source: Provincial Population Office
The data from the Provincial Population Office show that the teenage pregnancy rate per
city/municipality varies from 2009-2013, 2013-2017, and 2017-2018 data. Generally, 2017-2018
data in all local government units recorded an increasing trend, except Tantangan. Polomolok has
the greatest number of teenage pregnancies with an increase of 541 incidence of teenage
pregnancies from 2013-2017 data followed by Surallah at 152. All other municipalities positively
achieved a decrease in teenage pregnancy with the biggest number recorded in Tboli (580)
followed by Banga (266), Tupi (88), Lake Sebu (76), Sto. Niño (46), Tantangan (15), Norala (8) and
Tampakan (2). On the other hand, Koronadal City still holds the highest recorded teenage
pregnancy incidence at 1,184 (2009-2013) even with lack of data for the periods 2013-2017 and
2017-2018.
Figure 2.5.34 Incidence of Teenage Pregnancies by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2009-2013,2013-2017, 2017-2018
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Koronadal Lake Tantanga
Banga Norala Polomolok Sto. Niño Surallah Tampakan Tboli Tupi
City Sebu n
2009-2013 506 1184 698 281 678 226 599 245 194 1078 782
2013-2017 240 0 622 273 1219 180 751 243 179 498 694
2017-2018 290 0 689 337 1,382 209 884 275 186 631 774
2009-2013 2013-2017 2017-2018

In terms of age, still the youngest recorded age of pregnant mothers in South Cotabato is 12
years old as of 2017. The number of pregnant teenage mothers is increasing every year setting a
negative state for the province thereby challenging its existing programs for the youth. The age with
the highest number of pregnant teenagers is 19 years old reaching a total of 2,975 in a span of six
(6) years (2012-2017).
Table 2.5.24 Incidence of Teenage Pregnancy by Age of Mother, South Cotabato, 2012-2017
Year Total
Age
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
12 1 0 1 0 1 1 4
13 3 2 2 0 0 2 9
14 11 8 14 1 10 8 52
15 26 43 45 18 35 23 190
16 131 131 113 69 130 59 633
17 246 297 245 189 206 105 1,288
18 469 461 452 263 376 191 2,212
19 622 572 542 404 498 337 2,975
TOTAL 1,509 1,514 1,414 944 1,256 726 7,363
Map 2.5.15 Teenage Pregnancy
Source: PPDO, 2020
Senior Citizen
DSWD handles the implementation of Republic Act No. 9994 or the Expanded Senior Citizens
Act of 2010. RA 9994 defines indigent senior citizens as “any elderly who is frail, sickly or with a
disability, and without pension or permanent source of income, compensation or financial
assistance from his/her relatives to support his/her basic needs.
In 2018, DSWD validated senior citizens and provided a cleared list for Region 12. There are a
total of 23,173 beneficiaries in South Cotabato with a stipend of P500 per month. It is emphasized
that only those individuals without any social pension received from any other social security
agencies can be beneficiaries under RA 9994. On the other hand, South Cotabato provides
programs for senior citizens including but not limited to Senior Citizens Day Celebration,
counselling, free cinema, free medical check-up, and other services handled by the Provincial
Social Welfare and Development Office in partnership with DSWD, NGOs/CSOs and other
development partners.
Persons with Disability (PWD)
For the differently-abled persons of South Cotabato, there is a need to develop

their potentials and well-being so they can assume responsibility in contributing
to their personal improvement and the development of this province.
According to PSA, persons with disability comprised 1.5 percent of the population in the
province. In 2010, around 12,300 persons or 1.5 percent of the 825,816 household population had
a disability. The proportion of persons with disability (PWD) in 2000 was 1.2 percent of the 689,663
household population of the province during that year. The number of PWD for the same year was
around 8,200. For the latest population census of South Cotabato at 915, 289 in 2015, it is
estimated to have 13, 693 PWDs in the province.
In 2018, the province takes its programs into a higher level as it supports the implementation of
RA10070 which mandates the establishment of institutional mechanisms in local government units
to ensure the implementation of programs and services for PWDs. It amended Section 40 of RA
7277 or the Magna Carta for Disabled Persons. To ensure the proper delivery of services to
persons with disabilities (PWDs), the provincial government of South Cotabato is planning for the
creation of a new office- Persons with Disability Affairs Office (PDAO) with a focal person
designated to handle and monitor the affairs and ensure program implementation.
The provincial government’s support is manifested through the provision of services and
activities, which are not limited to the conduct of capability building activities - Orientation and
Training on Mobility for the Blinds, provision of assistive devices (white cane sticks, hearing aid
devices and wheelchairs), medical mission, conduct of National Disability Prevention and
Rehabilitation Week, beauty pagents and other activities. In support with the Sustainable
Development Goal on environmental protection and conservation, PWDs are also enjoined in tree
growing activities. Other development partners such as Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority also conduct information caravan for scholarship programs for PWDs.
Tribal Youth, Women, Children and Tribal Council
The Indigenous Peoples Right Act of 1997 or Republic Act 8371 provides that “Indigenous
Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples (ICCs/IPs) shall have the right to participate fully, if they
so choose, at all levels of decision-making in matters which may affect their rights, lives and
destinies through procedures determined by them as well as to maintain and develop their own
indigenous political structures. Consequently, the state shall ensure that ICCs/IPs shall be given
mandatory representation in other local legislative councils and policy-making bodies”. In addition,
the new policy- National Commission for Indigenous People Administrative Order No. 03, series of
2018 requires to have a mandatory IPMR in the local government units.

In line with the strengthening IPs in the
South Cotabato has already established province, series of activities were conducted to
tribal councils in every local government recognize them as part and vital in local
development thru the celebration of the
unit and has already identified IPMRs in
National Indigenous Peoples' Month, which is
every LGU, except Sto. Niño. As of 2018,
held every October by virtue of Presidential
there are a total of 122 out 199 Proclamation 1906 signed in 2009 and being
Indigenous Political Structure in the spearheaded by the Office of the Indigenous
province that manage IP concerns. Thus, People Mandatory Representative (IPMR).
IPs are given the opportunity to
participate in local governance and The Tribal Youth Summit is conducted
socio-economic development. annually since 2012 and participated in by
tribal youth from all component LGUs. The
summit aims to provide opportunities to the
tribal youth to develop, protect, preserve and sustain their personal, social and cultural awareness
through cultural songs and dances; increase the spirit of volunteerism in conservation and
protection of the environment; know their rights; and strengthen solidarity among themselves. In
2013, a policy for the protection of IP children was formulated during the Tribal Leaders
Convention.
Through the KATRIBU Program of the province under the auspices of PSWDO, technical and
financial assistance were continuously extended to the tribal council to bring the indigenous people
in the mainstream of society. The assistance includes capability building, hosting of monthly
meetings and the Annual Tribal Congress. Livelihood assistance was also provided to tribal women
and youth organizations. The program for the Indigenous People was further strengthened through
the conduct of the Tribal Leaders Congress annually, the reorganization of ten (10) Municipal Tribal
Councils, ten (10) Tribal Women Organizations, and ten (10) Tribal Youth Organizations. The
Cultural Mapping Project of the Arts, Culture, Tourism and Museum Development (ACTM) Office in
partnership with the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) is being conducted
closely with IPs within the province. The activity aims to empower the IPs in South Cotabato giving
importance to the established cultural heritage of the province, which includes tangible and
intangible assets (people, culture, arts, customs, infrastructure).
Women and Children
Republic Act 9710 or The Magna Carta of Women Act of 2009 provides that “the economic,
political and sociocultural realities affect women’s condition thus, the state affirms the role of
women in nation building and ensures the substantive equality of men and women. Further, the
State realizes that equality of men and women
entails the abolition of the unequal structures in
keeping with the Convention on the Elimination of
There is less poverty, slower
All Forms of Discrimination Against Women population growth, better
(CEDAW) and other international instruments education and health of the
consistent with Philippine lawThere are a total of population, and lesser corruption
472,438 females and 494,691 males (all age in government if the status of
group based on 2015 data) projected for 2018. women is better4.
Children aged 0-4 and 5-9 years old (both male
and female) were counted at 224, 443 (PPDO,
2018).”
4
World Bank Policy Research Report, 2001

Although labor participation rate of women (47.9%) in Region 12 is lower than male (78.7%) for
2017, women in South Cotabato are empowered through women participation in many fields such
as but not limited to local governance, labor force (managers, professionals, clerical and support
workers, service and sales workers, skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery works, craft and related
trade workers, plant machine operators and assemblers, elementary occupations, armed forces
occupations and special occupations, and others) (PSA,2018). Women groups are officially
represented in the Local Special Bodies (LSBs) and a relatively larger number of women are
appointed as heads of offices in local government units. Also, the provincial government continues
to provide support for the organization and strengthening of the South Cotabato Federation of
Women Associations (SOCOFEDWA).
To increase productivity and family income among women in South Cotabato, the Productivity
Skills and Capability Building (PSCB) Center under the PSWDO provides skills training or sheltered
workshop for self-employment. The trainings conducted also aim to improve the status especially of
the disadvantaged women. Skills training include dressmaking, fashion jewelry making, table
skirting, wallet making, slipper making, pillow case making, flower arrangement, curtain making,
rag making, detergent powder making, dishwashing liquid making, fabric conditioner making,
perfume making, cassava crunch making, cosmetology, smocking, and decorative candle making.
Figure 2.5.35 shows a five year (2013-2017) increasing trend for women beneficiaries, except in
2016.
Figure 2.5.35 Women Participation in Skills Trainings, South Cotabato, 2013-2017
1,600 1,399 The municipality of Surallah (1,251)

1,400
1,200
has the highest number of women
1,000 902 beneficiaries in skills training for six years,
800 followed by Tantangan (795), Tboli (493),
600 395 471
Norala (477) and Koronadal City (436).
400 208
200 Lowest participation rate of women in
0 terms skills trainings was recorded in Lake
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Sebu (185) and Banga (190).
Source: Provincial Social Welfare and Development Office

Figure 2.5.36 Women Participation in Skills Trainings by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2013-2018
1400
1,251
1200
1000
795
800
600 477 493

436
335 366
400
190 185 228 226
200
0
Banga Lake Sebu City of Norala Polomolok Sto. Niño Surallah Tampakan Tantangan Tboli Tupi
Koronadal

Alongside the campaign for women empowerment in the province is the intensified campaign
against Violence Against Women and Children (VAWC). Figure 2.5.37 shows a 13-year trend on
violence against women and children with a sharp upturn recorded since 2014 onwards. The
highest number of violence cases against women was recorded in 2014 (946) and in 2016 (981).
On children, the highest number of recorded cases happened in 2015 (752) and the lowest in 2012
(67). A decreasing trend can be observed from 2016 to 2017. This maybe attributable to several
factors such as the organization of Male Advocates for Violence-Free Families (MA VFF) under the
Denounce Violence Against Women and Children (VAWC)-Advocate in Defense for a Violence-
Free Family (DAD-VFF) Movement, Provincial Inter-Agency Council Against Trafficking and
Violence Against Women and Children (PIACAT-VAWC), and other intensified advocacies of the
government, NGOs/CSOs, and other partners to stop VAWC in the province.
Figure 2.5.37 VAWC Victims by Category and by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2006-2018
1200
981
1000 946
796
800 752
691
600 533
486
400 309 316

216 224 240 239 239
165 189 169
200 152
104 106 116 120 94 71
72 67
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
women children
Solo Parents
Solo or single parents are classified as widowed and separated. Thus, RA 8972 otherwise
known as the Solo Parents Act of 2000 was enacted in response to the needs of solo parents.
Gone are the days where a Filipino family is composed exclusively of a father, a mother and their
children, each with an assigned role to perform (DSWD A.O. No.003, 2003)
From among the LGUs, Norala recorded the highest number of solo parents (630)-both men
and women provided with social services. Tupi followed at 453, Lake Sebu at 383, Tampakan at
345, Surallah at 270, Tboli at 244, Sto. Niño at 200, Polomolok at 138, and Banga at 120. Although
there is already a mandate to establish solo parents’ association in every barangay, the City of
Koronadal and Tantangan have not yet established their local data. Generally, the implementation
of RA 8972 is still limited to the provision of identification cards and granting solo parents additional
leave credits should they be employed in private companies or government offices.

Figure 2.5.38 Number of Solo Parents Provided with Social Services by City/Municipality, 2018
700
630
600
500
453
400 383
345
300 270
244
200
200
138
120
100
0 0
0
Koronadal
Source: SCPPO/PSWDO
Family Development
The 1987 Family Code of the Philippines embodies the need to implement
programs and policies to strengthen marriage and the family as basic social
institutions and ensure equality between men and women.
Family development encompasses all aspects of social growth. In response, the province
adopts programs and policies to strengthen families, such as but not limited to, Adoption Program,
Kasalan ng Bayan, Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Program, Model Family
Awardee, Family Planning, Gender and Development Program.
Even with the extensive advocacies for family development, the issue on increasing cases of
unplanned marriages still subsists in the province. These cases can be attributed to teenage
pregnancies and cultural practices of Indigenous Peoples found in some municipalities of the
province, which often result to early marriages. Figure 2.5.39 shows an erratic trend on total
marriages from 2013 to 2018 where the lowest total marriages was recorded in 2016 (4,774). An
average of 18.21% on early or unplanned marriages is recorded for six years. Looking at Figure
2.5.40, a decreasing trend on early marriages annually projects a positive impact for the province.
This maybe attributable to the active and efficient implementation of programs and projects by the
social and health workers as well as the support of the IP community to combat early marriages
among them.

Figure 2.5.39 Total Marriages, South Cotabato, 2013-2018
7,000 6,534 6,257
6,216
5,764
6,000
4,774 4,876
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000 1,386 1,282 1,160
842 956 725
1,000
0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Total Marriages Early Marriages
Figure 2.5.40 Incidents of Early/Unplanned Marriages, South Cotabato, 2013-2018

25.00% 22.30%
19.62% 18.54%
20.00% 17.64% 16.59%
14.87%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
2013 2014 2015 Early Marriages
2016 2017 2018
Females dominate the number of those who marry at an early age. Although Figure 2.5.41
shows an erratic trend, the number has been decreasing slightly from 2013 to 2018, for both male
and female, except in 2017.
Figure 2.5.41 Incidents of Early Marriage (18-21 y.o) by Sex, South Cotabato, 2013-2018
1200
973
1000 924
880
800 697
590
600 528
413 365
400 341
252 266
197
200
0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Male Female
To improve the plight of poor and indigent families in the country, the PhilHealth Indigency
Program - a component of the National Health Insurance Program, seeks to provide free
medicare coverage to the marginalized segment of the Filipino population.

In line with priority of the provincial government to provide free hospitalization and medical
care in support to the financial needs of all families especially the indigent families and
individuals, South Cotabato collaborated with the Department of Health for the distribution of
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation or PhilHealth cards to indigent beneficiaries in the
province. As of 2017, there are 5,651 beneficiaries enrolled to the PhilHealth Indigency
Program. Figure 2.5.42 shows an increasing trend of beneficiaries from 2014 to 2016, with the
highest beneficiaries at 8,177 recorded in 2016. However, there is a sharp downturn of about
2,526 beneficiaries from 2016 to 2017. This maybe attributable to the efficient campaign of the
government to improve the well-being and health status of every South Cotabateños. In 2017,
the provincial government sponsored most of the indigent families and individuals as PhilHealth
card beneficiaries from Tantangan (904) as shown in Figure 2.5.43. In 2018, the province
improved its indigency program by having 1,014 additional beneficiaries from 5,651 in 2017.
Figure 2.5.42 Indigent Families Enrolled to PhilHealth Indigency Program, South Cotabato, 2014-2018
10,000
8,177
8,000 7,409
6,665
5,651
6,000
4,000 3,321
2,000
-
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
SCPH NDH PMH UVCH
Figure 2.5.43 PhilHealth Card Beneficiaries Sponsored by the Province, South Cotabato, 2015-2017
1000
904
900
800
700
600 565
500 419
374 368
400
289 296 299
300 270
208 158
200
173 160 182 156 168 168
104 100 79 92
100 48 25 60 60
29
0
Koronadal
2015 2016 2017
Children Welfare and Development
The child is one of the most important assets of the nation. Every effort should be exerted to
promote his welfare and enhance his opportunities for a useful and happy life. The child is not a

mere creature of the State. Hence, his
Consequently, every member of the
individual traits and aptitudes should be
family should strive to make the home a
cultivated to the utmost insofar as they do
wholesome and harmonious place as its not conflict with the general welfare. The
atmosphere and conditions will greatly molding of the character of the child starts
influence the child's development. at home. Attachment to the home and
strong family ties should be encouraged
but not to the extent of making the home isolated and exclusive and unconcerned with the interests
of the community and the country. The natural right and duty of parents in the rearing of the child
for civic efficiency should receive the aid and support of the government. Other institutions, like the
school, the church, the guild, and the community in general, should assist the home and the State
in the endeavor to prepare the child for the responsibilities of adulthood (PD 603- Child and Youth
Welfare Code).
The Children Welfare Program of the province aspires to enhance physical, emotional,
cognitive, psychosocial, spiritual and language development of young children. It includes advocacy
and capability building, regular operation of the Provincial Council for the Protection of Children
(PCPC), and support to the Federation of Day Care Workers. The passage of the Children Code of
South Cotabato in 2013 made PCPC evolved into a stronger multi-sector body through the
expanded Council membership to government agencies, NGOs/CSOs and other development
partners.
To cater the needs of children in every barangay, Figure 2.5.44 shows that more than one (1)
day care center were established in every barangay in the South Cotabato. For rural areas, the
highest count can be found in Lake Sebu where there are one hundred five (105) day care centers
located in 19 barangays. Tboli also posted a high count with 82 centers in 25 barangays. Being the
provincial capital, the urbanized area of Koronadal City has one hundred one (101) day care
centers in 27 barangays. The figure maybe attributable to the priority of the previous and current
administration to nurture the needs of all children and eventually improve human capital in the
province.
Figure 2.5.44 South Cotabato Day Care Centers by City/Municipality, 2017
120
105
101
100
82
78
80
59
60 53
41
40 30 30 30
27 24 25
22 23
19 17
20 14 14 13 15
10
0
Koronadal
No. of Barangays DCCenters

Figure 2.5.45 shows that majority of the day care centers in all LGUs have at least 1 day care
worker in 2018, except for Sto. Niño and Tampakan, which lack 1 day care worker and 2 day care
workers, respectively, out of their respective 24 and 32 day care centers listed. Local data show
that higher number of day care centers and workers were established in urban areas posing higher
population count as well as in geographically isolated disadvantaged areas (GIDAS) where access
of children to basic social services from the government is difficult. For 6 years, the highest number
of children served is in Koronadal City (21,866) and the least number served is in Sto. Niño (5,680)
as shown in Figure 2.5.46.
Figure 2.5.45 South Cotabato Day Care Centers and Day Care Workers by City/Municipality, 2018
120
103 104 101 101
100
86 86
80 76 76
57 57 55 55
60
41 41
40 31 31 32 30 30 30
24 23
20
0
Koronadal
Day Care Centers Day Care Workers
Figure 2.5.46 Total Number of Children Served by Day Care Workers by City/Municipality, 2013-2018
25,000
21,866
20,000 18,361 17,709
15,000 13,570
12,387
10,966
9,361
10,000
6,295 5,680 6,130 5,880
5,000
-
Koronadal

Individuals or Families At-Risk or in Crisis Situation
South Cotabato’s Social Protection and Crisis Intervention Unit under the PSWDO provides
services to individuals or families at risk or in crisis situation such as direct financial and material
assistance (food and non-food), counselling, emotional/psychological support and referrals for
immediate medical, legal and psychosocial support.
The total number of clients served in 2017 was 14,269 compared to 11,081 walk-in clients
served in 2018. Constituents from Koronadal City recorded the highest number of clients served
among the component LGUs. Figure 2.5.47
shows the number of indigent clients per Proximity of indigents to the
municipality that have availed assistance in Office of the Provincial Social Welfare
terms of hospitalization, medical, financial, is a major factor for the volume of
burial, transportation and Emergency Shelter clients from the city.
Assistance (ESA). Lake Sebu (1,027), Norala
(1,039), and Tampakan (1,047) have the least number of beneficiaries for two consecutive years
(2017 to 2018). Additionally, 4 clients coming from the neighboring provinces was given assistance
by PSWDO since 2017.
Figure 2.5.47 Indigent Clients (Individuals) in Crisis Situation Served by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
Other Places 4
4
Tupi 820
594
Tboli 1,324
703
Tantangan 665
550
Tampakan 596
451
Surallah 1,166
1104
2017
Sto. Nino 707
486 2018
Polomolok 692
776
Norala 580
459
Lake Sebu 645
382
Koronadal City 5,543
4433
Banga 1,527
1139
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Other services provided by the Provincial Social Welfare and Development Office include but
not limited to the provision of food and non-food assistance (coffin under the “Alay sa Yumaong
Kapamilya Project”), conduct of Critical Incidence Stress Debriefing (CISD), facilitation of adoption
case, assistance to VAWC, children in conflict with the law and children-at-risk clients, conduct of
profiling and provision of livelihood assistance to former rebels (E-CLIP) through DILG and the
Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace Process (OPAPP) including the facilitation of Payapa at
Masaganang Pamayanan (PAMANA) Project implementation, referrals for temporary shelter,
provision of Emergency Shelter Assistance (ESA) for victims of all kinds of disaster and calamities
(natural and man-made), provision of assistance to victims of abuse, exploitation such as VAWC,
conduct of capability building /seminar on Anti-Trafficking and Care Support Services for persons
with HIV, and conduct of Adoption Forum for the prospective adoptive parents.

2.5.2.5 Education
It is the policy of the state to promote social justice and pursuant thereto, provide all its citizens
access to quality education. In line thereto, RA 10157 or the Kindergarten Education Act of 2011-
an act institutionalizing the kindergarten education into the basic education system, and RA 10533
or the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 - an act enhancing the Philippine Basic Education
System by strengthening its curriculum and increasing the number of years for basic education
were enacted. Under RA 10533 is the K-to-12 Program, which establishes a universal kindergarten
and introduces Grades 11 and 12 to high school education in public and private schools. The laws
cover kindergarten and 12 years basic education (six years in elementary and another 6 years in
secondary level). Students will have to complete the extra education to qualify for university.
On the other hand, RA 9155 or the Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001 aims to
“protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality basic education and to make such education
accessible to all by providing all Filipino children a free and compulsory education in the elementary
level and free education in the high school level.” Also, RA 10687 or the Unified Student Financial
Assistance System for Tertiary Education (UniFAST) Act of 2015 “provides for a comprehensive
and unified student financial assistance system for tertiary education”.
The laws - RA 9155, RA 10533, and RA 10687 were passed to strengthen access of every
Filipino to quality education from kindergarten to tertiary level. These laws aspire to provide the
young/school-age population with skills, knowledge and values to become caring, self-reliant,
productive and patriotic citizens. These will help advance the human capital as an asset needed in
the socioeconomic development of the country.
In response, the Local School Board of the

The education sector plays a vital provincial government of South Cotabato has
role in gauging the progress of a been steadfast in providing support to
locality and how well the local strengthen the education sector by providing
government unit progresses in funds to the Special Education Fund being
achieving its goal of providing the utilized by the Department of Education –
best basic education for its South Cotabato Division for programs and
population. projects involving school’s development and
student welfare. This mechanism aims to
increase participation rate among all socioeconomic classes especially the poor but academically
able and highly motivated students, and for them to successfully pursue and complete tertiary
education programs in quality institutions, thereby promoting equitable and rationalized access by
poor Filipinos to quality tertiary education.
Today, the existing publicly-funded national government programs for Scholarships, Grants-in-
Aid, and Student Loans for Tertiary Education are hereby unified and harmonized to improve their
efficiency and to ensure that deserving Filipinos are given equitable access to educational
opportunities (RA 10687).
2.5.2.5.1 Literacy Rate
Literacy rate is the percentage of One of the measures in determining

population who can read and write a simple the status of education in the area is the
message in any language or dialect (PSA, rate of literacy, which is categorized into
2018). Basic or simple literacy is the ability to basic or simple and functional literacy.
read and write with understanding a simple

message in any language or dialect. Functional literacy, on the other hand, refers to the ability of a
person 10 to 64 years old who can read, write, compute and comprehend.5 It can be determined
through self-administered functional literacy questionnaires.
The Philippines’ basic literacy rate of population 10 years old and over is at 96.5%, while that
of Region 12 (SOCCSKSARGEN) is at 90.80% for the census year 2013 placing the region at the
15th spot out of 16 regions. The National Capital Region recorded the highest literacy rate at 99.5%
while the Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao got 86.10% being at the lowest rank.
Simple literacy rate (SLR) for both women and men in the SOCCSKSARGEN Region
significantly improved from 87.4% in 2000 to 94.1% in 2010 – see Table 2.5.25. For both sexes,
General Santos City has the highest simple literacy rate in 2010 at 98.4%, followed by Cotabato
Province at 94.7%, and placing South Cotabato at the third spot with 94.6%. In South Cotabato,
males (94.8%) record a higher simple literacy rate compared to females (94.4%).
Table 2.5.25 Simple Literacy Rates by Sex, SOCCSKSARGEN Region: 2000 and 2010
2000 2010
Area
Both Male Female Both Male Female
Region XII 87.4 87.5 87.3 94.1 94.2 94.0
Cotabato 89.7 86.7 86.7 94.7 94.9 94.5
Sarangani 80.4 80.7 80 90.1 89.9 90.3
South Cotabato 89.4 89.4 89.5 94.6 94.8 94.4
Sultan Kudarat 84.0 84 83.9 92.2 92.4 91.9
Cotabato City 86.7 91 88.5 94.0 89.4 94.6
Gen. Santos City 96.0 96.2 95.8 98.4 98.5 98.4

For the census year 2015, simple literacy rating of household population (10 years old and
over) of South Cotabato improved by 8.45%, posted at 96.45% compared to 88% in 2010. Except
for Lake Sebu (87%), all SLRs of LGUs were above 90% in 2015 with the highest rate posted at
99.33% by Koronadal City followed by Norala (98.47%), Polomolok (98.41%), Banga (98.21%),
Surallah (97.71%), Tantangan (97.30%), Tupi (95.86%), Sto. Niño (95.86%), Tampakan (93.93%)
and Tboli (92.11%). The lowest literacy rates were recorded at Lake Sebu (87%) and Tboli
(92.11%). Understandably so, these are
also the province’s municipalities with the
The location and geologic conditions
highest poverty incidence, and with the
highest number of IPs. In terms of SLR
of the two areas also contribute to poor
increase, Lake Sebu has the biggest access of the people to basic education.
improvement with a 20.7% increase, from
66% in 2010 to 87% in 2015. Tboli also improved with 15.91% SLR increase, then followed by Tupi
at 10.26%. In general, the simple literary rate of the component LGUs of South Cotabato improved.
5
PSA-NSO, Technical Notes of the 2008 Functional Literacy, Education and Mass Media Survey (FLEMMS)

Figure 2.5.48 Simple Literacy Rate of Household Population 10 y/o and Over, 2010 and 2015
2010 2015
120.00%
100.00% 96.45% 98.21% 99.33% 98.47% 98.41% 95.86% 97.71%

93.93% 97.30% 92.11% 95.86%
87.00%
80.00%
60.00%
88.00% 89.50% 95.20% 92.50% 95.90% 95.70% 92.80% 87.30% 90.90% 85.60%
40.00% 76.20%
66.30%
20.00%
0.00%
Generally, SLR for male, female and both sexes are above 90%, except for ages 65 years and
over, where both sexes have SLR at 88.06%, male at 88.57% and females at 87.67% as shown in
Figure 2.5.49. Moreover, it can be observed that males at 55-59 years old posted a very low SLR of
only 64.24%, the lowest recorded among all age groups. Males dominate the highest simple
literacy rate (96.61%) than females (96.29%) by a matter of 0.32%.
Figure 2.5.49 Basic/Simple Literacy Rate of Population 10 y/o and Over by Sex by age group, South Cotabato 2015
120.00%
100.00%
80.00%
60.00%
40.00%
20.00%
0.00%
South 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65 years
Cotabato and over
Both Sexes Male Female


Map 2.5.16 Simple Literacy
Source: PPDO, 2020
2.5.2.5.2 Elementary School Statistics
Basic education starts at kindergarten going to elementary level and eventually moving to
secondary as mandated in the K to 12 Program, which was signed in 2013. The kindergarten lasts
for 2 years, while elementary education lasts for six years starting from Grade 1 to Grade 6 and
secondary education starts from Grade 7 to Grade 12. The K to 12 curriculum is followed in both
public and private schools nationwide.
Public and Private Elementary Schools
For South Cotabato, an erratic trend on the number of both the public and private elementary
schools from SY 2014-2015 to SY 2017-2018 can be observed. However, a slight increase in the
number of public elementary schools is recorded from school year (SY) 2013-2014 to SY 2015-
2016 as shown in Figure 2.5.50 and Table 2.5.26. The said data, however, are limited considering
that for one school year (SY 2014-2015), Koronadal City has no inventory of private schools.

Figure 2.5.50 Number of Public and Private Elementary Schools, South Cotabato, SY 2013-2014 to 2017-2018
450
400 388
357
350 338 338
319
300
250
200
150 128 126

115 114
100
68
50
0
Public Private
SY 2013-2014 SY 2014-2015 SY 2015-2016 SY 2016-2017 SY 2017-2018
Source: DepEd South Cotabato Division and City Schools Division-Koronadal City
Table 2.5.26 Public and Private Elementary Schools, by City/Municipality South Cotabato, SY 2013-2014 to 2017-2018
City/Municipality
Public Private
SY ‘13-‘14 SY ‘14-‘15 SY ‘15-‘16 SY ‘16-‘17 SY ‘17-‘18 SY ‘13-‘14 SY ‘14-‘15 SY ‘15-‘16 SY ‘16-‘17 SY ‘17-‘18
Banga 31 31 31 32 31 4 11 10 7 6
Lake Sebu 42 42 42 46 42 5 7 7 7 7
Norala 25 25 25 26 25 4 6 6 6 6
Polomolok 17 36 36 41 36 19 27 27 29 30
Sto. Niño 13 13 13 13 13 3 3 3 3 3
Surallah 34 34 34 35 34 7 11 9 10 10
Tampakan 18 18 18 19 18 1 6 6 6 6
Tantangan 21 21 21 21 21 0 2 2 2 2
Tboli 49 49 49 53 49 3 4 5 5 4
Tupi 25 25 25 27 25 5 7 7 7 7
SUB-TOTAL 275 294 294 313 294 51 84 82 82 81
Koronadal No
44 44 44 44 44 17 33 33 33
City data
GRAND
319 338 388 357 338 68 128 115 115 114
TOTAL
Enrolment
Data from SY 2013-2014 to SY 2017-2018 show an increasing trend in the number of enrolees
in public elementary schools even with the new curriculum being followed by DepEd – the K to 12
Program. A decrease in enrolees at 3,909 from SY 2015-2016 to SY 2016-2017 was recorded
while enrolment in private elementary schools shows an erratic trend for 5 school years but
recorded the highest enrolees in SY 2016-2017 at 13,803. It must be noted, however, that for two
consecutive school years (SY 2014-2015 and 2015-2016), Koronadal City has no data on the
number of enrolees in private schools.

Figure 2.5.51 Enrolment in Public and Private Elementary Schools, South Cotabato, SY 2013-2014 to 2017-2018
160,000 144,927 148,803 150,159 146,250 144,369

140,000
120,000 SY 2013-2014
100,000 SY 2014-2015
80,000
SY 2015-2016
60,000
SY 2016-2017
40,000
20,000 9,776 10,907 9,352 13,803 13,546 SY 2017-2018
0
Public Private
Table 2.5.27 Enrolment in Public and Private Elementary Schools from SY 2013-2014 to SY 2017-2018
Public Private
City/Municipality
SY ‘13-‘14 SY ‘14-‘15 SY ‘15-‘16 SY ‘16-‘17 SY ‘17-‘18 SY ‘13-‘14 SY ‘14-‘15 SY ‘15-‘16 SY ‘16-‘17 SY ‘17-‘18
Banga 12,777 12,962 13,959 12,937 12,430 603 1,693 1,532 12,430 815
Lake Sebu 13,446 13,537 12,860 13,179 13,190 651 812 808 13,190 808
Norala 7,740 7,606 7536 7,242 6,890 355 656 525 6,890 525
Polomolok 23,399 23,550 23,940 23,960 23,112 2,362 3,509 2,744 23,112 3,423
Sto. Niño 6,435 6,438 6,348 6,112 6,093 429 651 684 6,093 684
Surallah 14,804 15,029 15,165 14,650 14,804 893 1,650 1,472 14,804 1,510
Tampakan 7,553 7,418 7,487 6,973 7,145 133 584 420 7,145 405
Tantangan 6,900 6,981 6,727 6,622 6,697 0 104 71 6,697 71
Tboli 18,496 18,934 19,168 18,568 17,728 263 426 380 17,728 380
Tupi 11,856 11,709 11,917 11,509 11,463 567 822 716 11,463 716
Sub-total 123,406 124,164 125,107 121,752 119,615 6,256 10,907 9,352 119,615 9,337
Koronadal
21,521 24,639 25,142 24,498 24,754 3,520 No data No data 24,754 4,466
City
GRAND
144,927 148,803 150,159 146,250 144,369 9,776 10,907 9,352 144,369 13,803
TOTAL
Teacher-Pupil Ratio
South Cotabato has achieved the standard ratio of 1 teacher per 40 pupils in public
elementary schools during the five (5) school years (SY 2013-2014 to SY 2017-2018). The latest
ratio (SY 2017-2018) is 1:33 - see Table 2.5.28. It can be observed that elementary enrolment has
been increasing from SY 2013-2014 to SY 2015-2016, while for the next two (2) successive school
years, elementary enrolment decreased. No data were gathered from Koronadal City as to the
number of teachers combined for the province in SY 2014-2015, and SY 2015-2016. Even with this
limitation, however, Figure 2.5.52 shows an increasing trend for the number of teachers. This
maybe attributable to the implementation of K-12 Program where there has been massive hiring of
teachers.
At the municipal level, it can be observed that areas in the province with lower teacher-to-
pupil ratio are those public elementary schools in municipalities with far flung barangays. In the last
five school years, the highest teacher-to-pupil ratio was recorded in Tboli (1:60) for SY 2014-2015.
Based on Table 2.5.28, Tboli and Surallah recorded to have teacher-to-pupil ratios which are below
the standard with (1:41) for SY 2013-2014; Tboli (1:60) and Surallah (1:47) for SY 2014-2015; Tboli
(1:43) for SY 2015-2016 and Tboli for SY 2016-2017. For the current school year (SY 2017-2018),
all elementary public schools attained the standard teacher-to-pupil ratio.
Figure 2.5.52 Number of Teachers in Public Elementary Schools, South Cotabato, SY 2013-2014 to SY 2017-2018
160,000 144,927148,803150,249
136,879
140,000
119,615
120,000
SY 2013-2014
100,000
SY 2014-2015
80,000
SY 2015-2016
60,000
SY 2016-2017
40,000 SY 2017-2018
20,000 3,843 3,093 3,215 4,281 3,651
0
Enrolment No. of Teachers
Table 2.5.28 Number of Teachers and Ratio with Pupils in Public Elementary Schools, South Cotabato, SY 2013-2014 to SY
2017-2018
SY 2013-2014 SY 2014-2015 SY 2015-2016 SY 2016-2017 SY 2017-208
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Teachers
Teachers
Teachers
Teachers
Teachers
City/Municipality.
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Banga 11,070 381 1:29 11,302 392 1:29 11,589 381 1:30 11,412 405 1:32 12,403 401 1:31
Lake Sebu 11,746 338 1:35 12,119 372 1:33 12,442 340 1:37 11,801 398 1:30 13,190 426 1:31
Norala 6,668 223 1:30 6,666 243 1:27 6,636 231 1:29 6,474 262 1:25 6,980 260 1:27
Polomolok 20,929 552 1:38 21,125 574 1:37 21,522 554 1:39 21,043 620 1:34 23,112 623 1:37
Sto. Niño 5,586 181 1:31 5,652 182 1:31 5,526 176 1:31 5,403 182 1:30 6,093 184 1:33
Surallah 12,940 380 1:34 13,197 281 1:47 13,472 392 1:34 13,164 416 1:32 14,804 423 1:35
Tampakan 6,458 186 1:35 6,491 202 1:32 6,640 199 1:33 6,289 209 1:30 4,145 216 1:33
Tantangan 6,900 199 1:35 6,981 215 1:32 6,727 199 1:34 6,622 224 1:30 6,697 226 1:30
Tboli 18,496 451 1:41 18,934 315 1:60 19,168 442 1:43 18,568 493 1:38 17,728 558 1:32
Tupi 11,856 301 1:39 11,709 317 1:40 11,917 301 1:40 11,509 322 1:36 11,463 334 1:34
Koronadal City No No No No
21,521 651 1:33 24,639 25,142 24,594 750 1:33 24,998 750 1:33
data data data data
South Cotabato
144,927 3,843 1:38 148,803 3,093 1:40 150,249 3,215 1:39 136,879 4,281 1:32 144,613 4,401 1:33
Incomplete data was posted for the number of teachers in private elementary schools in the
province from SY 2014-2015 to SY 2015-2016. Although incomplete, it can be generalized that
private schools maintain the standard teacher-to-pupil ratio (1:40), except for Banga with a ratio of
1:56 and 1:55 for SY 2012-2013 and SY 2013-2014, respectively.
Table 2.5.29 Number of Teachers in Private Elementary Schools from SY 2012-2013 to SY 2016-2017, South Cotabato
SY 2012-2013 SY 2013-2014 SY 2014-2015 SY 2015-2016 SY 2016-2017
City/
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Teachers
Teachers
Teachers
Teachers
Teachers
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Municipality
Banga 668 12 1:56 603 11 1:55 1,693 No data No data 1532 No data No data 815 No data No data
Lake Sebu 751 19 1:39 651 16 1:41 812 No data No data 808 No data No data 808 No data No data
Norala 453 30 1:15 355 24 1:15 656 No data No data 525 No data No data 525 No data No data
Polomolok 2212 94 1:23 2362 121 1:22 3,509 No data No data 2744 No data No data 3,423 No data No data
Sto. Niño 456 24 1:19 429 21 1:20 651 No data No data 684 No data No data 684 No data No data
Surallah 836 35 1:24 893 35 1:25 1,650 No data No data 1,472 No data No data 1,510 No data No data
Tampakan 98 3 1:32 133 7 1:19 584 No data No data 420 No data No data 405 No data No data
Tantangan 0 0 0 0 0 0 104 No data No data 71 No data No data 71 No data No data

SY 2012-2013 SY 2013-2014 SY 2014-2015 SY 2015-2016 SY 2016-2017
City/
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Teachers
Teachers
Teachers
Teachers
Teachers
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Municipality
Tboli 540 19 1:28 263 12 1:22 426 No data No data 380 No data No data 380 No data No data
Tupi 529 25 1:21 567 26 1:22 822 No data No data 716 No data No data 716 No data No data
No No No
Koronadal 3,492 3,520 161 1:22 No data No data No data No data No data 4,466 No data No data
data data data
South No 1380
10,035 261 1:38 9,776 707 1:13 No data No data No data No data No data No data No data
Cotabato data 3
Classroom-Pupil Ratio
In line with the classroom-to-pupil ratio, South Cotabato has achieved the standard ratio of 1
classroom per 40 pupils in public elementary schools during the five (5) school years (SY 2013-
2014 to SY 2017-2018), except in SY 2014-2015 (1:43) and SY 2015-2016 (1:42) where no data
were available for Koronadal City’s number of teachers and ratio. The latest ratio (SY 2017-2018) is
1:42 - see Table 2.5.30. It can be observed that elementary enrolment is increasing, except from
SY 2015-2016 to SY 2017-2018, wherein a decrease was noted. Koronadal City has no data for SY
for SY 2014-2015, and SY 2015-2016 as to the number of classrooms combined for the province.
In spite of this limitation, however, Figure 2.5.53 shows a slow increasing trend for the number of
classrooms. This maybe attributable to the construction of classrooms brought about by the
implementation of K-12 Program to address the increasing number of enrolees annually since the
start of the program in 2013.
At the municipal level, it can be observed that public elementary schools located in
municipalities with far flung barangays have below the standard classroom-to-pupil ratio. In the last
five school years, the highest classroom-to-pupil ratio was recorded in Tboli at 1:52 and 1:48 for SY
2014-2015 and SY 2015-2016, respectively. As shown in Table 2.5.30, municipalities with
classroom-to-pupil ratios which are below the standard ratio are Tboli (1:42) for SY 2013-2014;
Tboli (1:52), Polomolok (1:46), Lake Sebu (1:44), Tampakan (1:44), Tupi (1:41) and Surallah (1:41)
for SY 2014-2015; Tboli (1:48), Polomolok (1:44), Tampakan (1:43), Surallah (1:42), Tupi (1:42),
and Banga (1:41) for SY 2015-2016; and Polomolok (1:43) for (SY 2016-2017). For SY 2017-2018,
however, all component LGUs achieved the standard ratio. Generally, there is a need for massive
construction of additional classrooms in public elementary schools due to the increasing number of
enrolees every year. Despite the continuous construction of new classrooms, old school buildings
are rapidly deteriorating and the newly constructed ones cannot fully cater to the growing demand.
Figure 2.5.53 Number of Classrooms in Public Elementary Schools, South Cotabato, SY 2013-2014 to SY 2017-2018
160,000 144,927148,803150,249146,346
140,000
119,615
120,000 SY 2013-2014
100,000 SY 2014-2015
80,000
SY 2015-2016
60,000
SY 2016-2017
40,000
20,000 SY 2017-2018
3,923 2,872 2,980 3,986 3,506
0
Enrollment No. of Classrooms

Table 2.5.30 Number of Classrooms and Ratio with Pupils in Public Elementary Schools from SY 2013-2014 to SY 2017-2018
SY 2013-2014 SY 2014-2015 SY 2015-2016 SY 2016-2017 SY 2017-2018
Classrooms
Classrooms
Classrooms
Classrooms
Classrooms
City/
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Municipality.
Banga 12,777 391 1:33 12,962 391 1:38 13,959 391 1:41 12,937 391 1:36 12,403 391 1:32
Lake Sebu 13,446 349 1:38 13,537 305 1:44 12,860 322 1:39 13,179 405 1:32 13,190 426 1:31
Norala 7,740 241 1:32 7,606 209 1:36 7,536 211 1:35 7,242 223 1:32 6,980 231 1:30
Polomolok 23,399 601 1:40 23,550 505 1:46 23,940 537 1:44 23,960 560 1:43 23,112 581 1:40
Sto. Niño 6,435 201 1:32 6,438 169 1:38 6,348 179 1:35 6,112 172 1:35 6,093 182 1:33
Surallah 14,804 402 1:37 15,029 358 1:41 15,165 360 1:42 14,650 388 1:38 14,804 415 1:36
Tampakan 7,553 190 1:40 7,418 165 1:44 7,487 171 1:43 6,973 188 1:37 7,145 199 1:36
Tantangan 6,900 209 1:33 6,981 181 1:38 6,727 186 1:36 6,622 200 1:33 6,697 215 1:31
Tboli 18,496 439 1:42 18,934 360 1:52 19,168 392 1:48 18,568 512 1:36 17,728 561 1:32
Tupi 11,856 310 1:38 11,709 283 1:41 11,917 283 1:42 11,509 290 1:40 11,463 314 1:37
SUB-TOTAL 123,406 3333 1:37 124,164 2872 1:43 125,107 2980 1:42 121,752 3,296 1:36 119,615 3,506 1:34
Koronadal 21,521 590 1:36 24,639 ND ND 25,142 ND ND 24,594 690 1:36 24,998 502 1:49
South
144,927 3,923 1:37 148,803 2,872 1:43 150,249 1:42 146,346 3,986 1:37 144,613 4,008 1:42
Cotabato
*ND = no data
Incomplete data was posted for the number of classrooms in private elementary schools in
the province from SY 2012-2013 to SY 2016-2017. Although incomplete, it can be generalized that
classrooms in private schools maintain way below the standard classroom to pupil ratio (1:40),
except for Banga with a ratio of 1:56 for SY 2012-2013. Classrooms available in private elementary
schools cater to relatively fewer students resulting to a ratio of 20 students per classroom, which is
way above the standard set of 1 classroom per 40 students. It is also noteworthy that private
elementary schools have fewer enrolees compared to public elementary schools in the province
due to higher tuition fees imposed by the former.
Table 2.5.31 Number of Classrooms in Private Elementary Schools from SY 2012-2013 to SY 2016-2017, South Cotabato
SY 2012-2013 SY 2013-2014 SY 2014-2015 SY 2015-2016 SY 2016-2017
City/
Classrooms
Classrooms
Classrooms
Classrooms
Classrooms
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
Municipality
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Banga 668 12 1:56 603 22 1:27 1,693 ND* ND 1,532 815 ND ND

Lake Sebu 751 22 1:34 651 18 1:36 812 ND ND 808 808 ND ND
Norala 453 32 1:14 355 19 1:19 656 ND ND 525 525 ND ND
Polomolok 2,212 90 1:25 2,362 106 1:22 3,509 ND ND 2,744 3,423 ND ND
Sto. Niño 456 22 1:21 429 12 1:36 651 ND ND 684 684 ND ND
No Available
Surallah 836 31 1:27 893 28 1:32 1,650 ND ND 1,472 1,510 ND ND
Data
Tampakan 98 4 1:24 133 4 1:33 584 ND ND 420 405 ND ND
Tantangan 0 0 104 ND ND 71 71 ND ND
Tboli 540 18 1:30 263 9 1:29 426 ND ND 380 380 ND ND
Tupi 529 26 1:20 567 27 1:21 822 ND ND 716 716 ND ND
SUB-TOTAL 6,543 257 1:25 6,256 245 1:25 10,907 ND ND 9,352 9,337 ND ND
Koronadal City 3,492 ND ND 3,520 119 1:30 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
South
10,035 257 1:39 9,776 364 1:27 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Cotabato
Source: DepEd South Cotabato Schools Division and City Schools Division-Koronadal City
*ND = no data

Net Enrolment Rate
Net Enrolment Rate (NER) pertains to the ratio in a given year of enrolment at a given level of
education in the age group which should be enrolled at that level to the corresponding population;
also referred to as a participation rate (PSA,2018).
The net enrolment ratio or the participation rate (91.86%) of those enrolled in primary
education as to the population in the 6-11 age bracket or the gross enrolment ratio (104.35%)
shows a positive image for the region in SY 2017-2018 with a difference of 12.49%. The difference
is referred to the percentage not enrolled in the 6-11 age bracket in the whole region.
Among the five (5) cities, General Santos City performed well with NER of 104.21% out of
112.79% GER and a difference of 8.58% (percentage not enrolled). Koronadal City followed with a
difference of 8.63%, Tacurong City (8.84%), Cotabato City (10.13%), and Kidapawan City
(13.47%).
On the other hand, Sultan Kudarat bested the other three (3) provinces in the region with 80.96
NER out of 93.40% GER resulting to 12.44% difference identified as not enrolled in the 6-11 age
bracket. Next to Sultan Kudarat is South Cotabato with 13.18% difference from 95.42% NER out of
108.60% GER. North Cotabato followed with a difference of 13.68% and Sarangani (20.28%) – see
Figure 2.5.54.
Figure 2.5.54 Gross and Net Enrolment Ratio in Primary Education, by Province/City, Region XII, SY 2017-2018
140.00%
125.41%
121.56%
117%
120.00% 112.79% 111.94% 112.72%
108.37% 108.60%
104.35% 104.21% 105.71% 104%
100.00% 95.42% 93.40%
91.86% 92.03%
88.72%
79.91% 80.96%
80.00%
69.78%
60.00%
40.00%
20.00%
0.00%
Region 12 Cotabato General Kidapawan Koronadal Tacurong North Sarangani South Sultan
City Santos City City City City Cotabato Cotabato Kudarat
GER (6-11 years old) NER (6-11 years old)
Source: Department of Education XII
Cohort Survival Rate, Completion Rate, School Leaver Rate, Transition Rate.
Cohort survival rate (CSR) is determined as the percentage of enrollees at the beginning grade
or year in a given school year who reached the final grade or year of the elementary/secondary
level (PSA, 2018). The cohort survival rate of Region 12 both in public and private elementary
schools is pegged at 92.72% out of the performance of 4 provinces and 5 cities during SY 2017-
2018. Koronadal City performed well at 99.34% and bested other 4 cities placing Kidapawan City
(98.27%) at the second spot, followed by General Santos City (98.26%), Tacurong City (97.16%),
and Cotabato City (95.74%). For the provinces, the highest CSR was recorded at 95.24% by North
Cotabato, followed by South Cotabato (93.01%), Sarangani (86.88%), and Sultan Kudarat
(82.51%) – see Figure 2.5.55. For LGUs with CSR above 90% illustrates a positive performance for
education sector, whereby high percentage of elementary pupils enrolled in a given school year
were able to finish the whole school year (e.g. a pupil enrolled in Grade 1 were able to survive or
finish Grade 1 in the same school year). Generally, all LGUs surpassed the regional CSR (92.72%)
for SY 2017-2018, except for Sarangani (86.88%) and Sultan Kudarat (82.51%). A low CSR maybe
attributable to a number of IPs in the area with limited understanding on the importance of
education, inaccessibility of elementary schools to some pupils living in far flung barangays, lack of
support from parents, poverty, and other factors.
Completion rate is the percentage of first grade/year entrants in a level of education who
complete or finish the level in accordance with the required number of years of study (PSA, 2018).
The completion rate of Region 12 both in public and private elementary schools is recorded at
91.08% out of the performance of 4 provinces and 5 cities during SY 2017-2018. Among the cities,
Koronadal City performed well at 98.99% and bested other 4 cities placing General Santos City
(98.20%) at the second spot, followed by Kidapawan City (97.69%), Tacurong City (96.92%), and
Cotabato City (95.17%). For the provinces, the highest completion rate was recorded at 95.01% by
North Cotabato, followed by South Cotabato (92.04%), Sarangani (85.88%), and Sultan Kudarat
(74.87%) – see Figure 2.5.55. The completion rate of LGUs with CSR above 90% illustrates a
positive performance for education sector, wherein high percentage of elementary pupils enrolled
from Grade 1 were able to finish Grade 6 continously for 6 school years. Generally, all LGUs
surpassed the regional completion rate (91.08%) for SY 2017-2018, except for Sarangani (85.88%)
and Sultan Kudarat (74.87%). A low completion rate maybe attributable to migration, poverty, and
other factors.
School leaver rate (SLR) is the measure for drop out rate. It covers both pupils/students who
do not finish a particular grade/year as well as those who finish but fail to enroll in the next
grade/year level of the following school year. The school leaver rate for Region 12 both in public
and private elementary schools is recorded at 1.64% out of the performance of 4 provinces and 5
cities during SY 2017-2018. Among the cities, Koronadal City has the lowest SLR or drop out rate,
thus performed well at 0.17% and bested other 4 cities placing General Santos City (0.30%) at the
second spot, followed by Kidapawan City (0.38%), Tacurong City (0.51%), and Cotabato City
(0.81%).
For the provinces, North Cotabato performed well having the lowest drop out rate which is
recorded at 1.13%, followed by South Cotabato (1.57%), Sarangani (2.87%), and Sultan Kudarat
(3.91%) – see Figure 2.5.55. A drop out rate less than 1% (<1%) projects a positive performance
for education sector, wherein high percentage of elementary pupils were able to finish a particular
grade as well as those who finish and enroll in the next level of the following school year. Generally,
all LGUs surpassed the regional SLR (1.64%) for SY 2017-2018, except Sultan Kudarat with the
highest drop out rate at 3.91%, then followed by Sarangani (2.87%). A high SLR or drop out rate
maybe attributable to poverty, lack of continuous family support, health problem or sickness among
pupils, migration, disasters and calamities and other factors.
Transition rate is the rate on the extent of pupils that are able to move to the next higher level
of education (i.e. from primary to intermediate and elementary to secondary) (PSA,2018).
Transition rate may be affected particularly by migration where it can increase or reduce the results.
The transition rate of Region 12 both in public and private elementary schools is recorded at

Tacurong City recorded the highest transition rate, thus performed well at 100.37% and bested
other 4 cities placing General Santos City (99.71%) at the second spot, followed by Koronadal City
(99.48%), Kidapawan City (98.96%), and Cotabato City (97.98%). For the provinces, North
Cotabato performed well having the highest transition rate recorded at 98.60%, followed by South
Cotabato (98.33%), Sarangani (97.26%), and Sultan Kudarat (96.19%) – see Figure 2.5.55. A
transition rate more than 95% (>95%) demonstrates a positive performance wherein the number of
pupils are able to move to next higher level of education at a larger extent. Generally, all LGUs
surpassed the regional transition rate (98.23%) for SY 2017-2018, except for Sarangani (97.36%)
and Sultan Kudarat (96.19%), which slightly fell short of the regional rate.
Figure 2.5.55 Cohort Survival Rate, Completion Rate, School Leaver Rate, Transition Rate in Public and Private Elementary
Schools by Province/City, Region XII, SY 2017-2018
120.00%
100.00%
80.00%
60.00%
40.00%
20.00%
0.00%
Region 12 Cotabato General Kidapawa Koronadal Tacurong North Sarangani South Sultan
City Santos n City City City Cotabato Cotabato Kudarat
City
Cohort Survival Rate 92.72% 95.74% 98.26% 98.27% 99.34% 97.16% 95.24% 86.88% 93.01% 82.51%
Completion Rate 91.08% 95.17% 98.20% 97.69% 98.99% 96.92% 95.01% 85.88% 92.04% 74.87%
School Leaver Rate 1.64% 0.81% 0.30% 0.38% 0.17% 0.51% 1.13% 2.87% 1.57% 3.91%
Transition Rate 98.23% 97.98% 99.71% 98.96% 99.48% 100.37% 98.60% 97.36% 98.33% 96.19%
Cohort Survival Rate Completion Rate School Leaver Rate Transition Rate
Coefficient of Efficiency, Years Input Per Graduate, Gender Parity Index (GPI)
Coefficient of Efficiency measures the internal efficiency of the education system. It evaluates
the impact of repetition and dropout on the efficiency of the educational process in producing
graduates. For SY 2014-2015, the internal efficiency of education system is at 90.57% and
gradually increased to 94.88% in the following school year. This indicates that the province is doing
well in its internal system; hence, it becomes efficient in producing graduates. As shown in Table
2.5.32, the figures depict an increasing completion rate from 82.24% in SY 2014-2015 to 90.75% in
SY 2015-2016.
Years input per graduate is the number of years it takes to for an average pupil or student to
graduate from elementary or secondary level. A decreasing trend is recorded for years input per
graduate from 6.62 (SY 2014-2015) to 6.32 (SY 2015-2016). The data imply that South Cotabato is
improving in terms of securing an average pupil to graduate from elementary level for not more
than 6 years.

The Gender Parity Index (GPI) is a
For the 2 succeeding school years, South socioeconomic index usually
Cotabato maintained its GPI to 1.04 displaying a designed to measure the relative
disparity in favour of girls by having the greatest access to education of males and
number of female pupils who are able to access females. It is calculated as the
or progress in the next grade level or year of quotient of the number of females
elementary education as reflected in the cohort by the number of males enrolled in
survival rate of the province. a given stage of education. GPI
equal to 1 indicates parity between
females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates a disparity in favour of boys and a
value greater than 1 indicates a disparity in favour of girls (UNESCO, 2020).
Table 2.5.32 Coefficient of Efficiency, Years Input Per Graduate and Gender Parity Index in Public and Private Schools,
South Cotabato, SY 2014-2015, SY 2015-2016
School Year Coefficient of Years Input Per
Completion Rate Gender Parity Index
(South Cotabato) Efficiency Graduate
SY 2014-2015 82.24% 90.57% 6.62 1.04
SY 2015-2016 90.75% 94.88% 6.32 1.04

Source: Department of Education-South Cotabato Division
2.5.2.5.3 Secondary School Statistics
The K to 12 Program started in 2013, as mandated under RA 10533 (Enhanced Basic

Education Act of 2013). Thus, secondary education lasts for 6 years (Grade 7 to 12) and is part of
basic education. Secondary education is now defined as the third stage of compulsory basic
education. It consists of four (4) years of junior high school education and two (2) years of senior
high school education. The entrant age to the junior and senior high school levels are typically
twelve (12) and sixteen (16) years old,
respectively. Curricular offerings are The objectives of secondary education
classified as either general or vocational are to continue the general education
and technical secondary. The K-to-12 started in elementary, prepare learners for
curriculum has been adopted both by college, and prepare them for the world of
public and private schools in the whole work.
country.
Public and Private Secondary Schools
For South Cotabato, the number of public secondary schools from SY 2013-2014 to SY 2015-
2016 has been stagnant at 88 as shown in Figure 2.5.56 and Table 2.5.33. The number gradually
increased to 90 in SY 2016-2017 and increased to 93 in SY 2017-2018. As to private schools, the
number was increasing for 4 school years (SY 2013-2014 to SY 2016-2017) but significantly
decreased to 48 in SY 2017-2018.

Figure 2.5.56 Number of Public and Private Secondary Schools, South Cotabato, SY 2013-2014 to 2017-2018
100
88 88 88 90
90 84
80
70
70
60
60
49 50
50
37
40
30
20
10
0
Public Private
SY 2013-2014 SY 2014-2015 SY 2015-2016 SY 2016-2017 SY 2017-2018
Table 2.5.33 Number of Public and Private Secondary Schools by City/Municipality South Cotabato, SY 2013-2014 to SY
2017-2018
Public Private
City/Municipality SY ‘16-
SY ‘13-‘14 SY ‘14-‘15 SY ‘15-‘16 SY ‘16-‘17 SY ‘17-‘18 SY ‘13-‘14 SY ‘14-‘15 SY ‘15-‘16 SY ‘17-‘18
‘17
Banga 11 11 11 11 11 4 4 4 4 3
Lake Sebu 8 8 8 8 8 6 5 5 5 5
Norala 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1
Polomolok 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 11
Sto. Niño 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 2
Surallah 10 10 10 11 11 6 6 6 6 6
Tampakan 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1
Tantangan 7 7 7 7 7 2 2 2 2 2
Tboli 11 11 11 12 12 1 1 1 1 3
Tupi 7 7 7 7 7 2 2 2 2 3
Koronadal
7 7 7 7 9 14 16 16 26 11
City
GRAND
88 88 88 90 93 49 50 60 70 48
TOTAL
Enrolment
The number of enrolees for both junior and senior high school in public secondary schools are
higher than those in private schools as recorded for SY 2017-2018. The data, however, do not
include the number of enrolees from public and private schools in Koronadal City for SY 2017-
2018. The non-availability of SY 2017-2018 data hinders comparative analysis on the progress of
enrolment from both public and private schools between school years.

Figure 2.5.57 Enrolment in Public and Private Secondary Schools, South Cotabato, SY 2017-2018
50,000 47,580
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
13,656
15,000 10,212
10,000
3,579
5,000
0
Public-Junior High School Private- Junior High School Public-Senior High School Private- Senior High School
SY 2017-2018
Table 2.5.34 Enrolment in Public and Private Secondary Schools SY 2017-2018

SY 2017-2018
Private Private
City/Municipality Public Public
Junior High Senior High
Junior High School Senior High School
School School
Banga 4,949 735 1,495 262
Lake Sebu 3,335 1,680 864 268
Norala 3,723 225 1,197 135
Polomolok 9,060 3,938 2,865 1,625
Sto. Niño 3,010 348 1,057 80
Surallah 6,287 2,067 2,054 581
Tampakan 3,333 129 957 0
Tantangan 2,339 466 564 84
Tboli 5,739 116 831 116
Tupi 5,805 508 1,775 428
Koronadal City No data No data No data No data
GRAND TOTAL 47,580 10,212 13,656 3,579
Teacher-Student Ratio
South Cotabato has achieved the standard ratio of 1 teacher per 40 pupils in public secondary
schools during the four (4) school years (SY 2013-2014 to SY 2016-2017). The latest ratio (SY
2017-2018) is 1 teacher to 27 pupils -see Table 2.5.35. It can be observed that enrolment is
increasing, except from SY 2013-2014 to SY 2014-2015, wherein a decrease of almost 8,201
enrolees was recorded. Koronadal City provided no data as to the number teachers combined for
the province for SY 2014-2015 to SY 2015-2016. Even with this limitation, Figure 2.5.58 shows an
increasing trend for the number of teachers. This maybe attributable to the implementation of K-12
Program where there has been a massive hiring of teachers to cover the required curriculum.
At the municipal level, it can be observed that public elementary schools situated in
municipalities with far flung barangays have below the standard teacher-to-student ratio. In the last
five school years, the highest teacher-to-pupil ratio was recorded in Lake Sebu (1:38) for SY 2015-
2016. For the 5 school years, all secondary public schools in all municipalities attained the standard
teacher-to-student ratio.

Figure 2.5.58 Number of Teachers in Public Secondary Schools, South Cotabato, SY 2013-2014 to SY 2017-2018
60,000 57,066
55,241
49,428 47,796
50,000
41,227
40,000 SY 2013-2014
SY 2014-2015
30,000
SY 2015-2016
SY 2016-2017
20,000
SY 2017-2018
10,000
1,803 1,421 1,423 1,929 1,811
0
Enrollment No. of Teachers
Table 2.5.35 Number of Teachers and Ratio with Students in Public Secondary Schools, South Cotabato, SY 2013-2014 to
SY 2017-2018
SY 2013-2014 SY 2014-2015 SY 2015-2016 SY 2016-2017 SY 2017-2018
City/
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Teachers
Teachers
Teachers
Teachers
Teachers
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
Municipality
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Banga 3,584 135 1:26 4,163 144 1:29 4,395 144 1:31 4,399 162 1:27 4,949 191 1:26
Lake Sebu 1,934 68 1:28 2,227 68 1:33 2,610 68 1:38 2,860 78 1:37 3,335 110 1:30
Norala 3,231 121 1:27 3,316 122 1:27 3,410 122 1:28 3,516 118 1:30 3,723 145 1:26
Polomolok 8,005 286 1:28 8,426 284 1:30 9,001 284 1:32 9,203 294 1:31 9,145 331 1:28
Sto. Niño 2,915 117 1:25 3,316 110 1:30 2,986 110 1:27 2,951 105 1:28 3,010 149 1:20
Surallah 5,321 190 1:28 5,621 196 1:29 5,779 196 1:29 5,842 204 1:29 6,396 243 1:26
Tampakan 3,189 114 1:28 3,316 113 1:29 3,052 113 1:27 3,024 112 1:27 3,333 134 1:25
Tantangan 2,004 81 1:25 2,182 81 1:27 2,255 83 1:27 2,177 87 1:25 2,339 96 1:24
Tboli 3,548 123 1:29 3,959 123 1:32 4,544 123 1:37 5,166 149 1:35 5,761 200 1:29
Tupi 5,002 176 1:28 5,331 180 1:30 5,690 180 1:32 5,903 178 1:33 5,805 212 1:27
Koronadal
10,695 392 1:27 10,888 ND ND 11,519 ND ND 12,025 442 1:27 15,265 544 1:28
City
South
49,428 1803 1:27 41,227 1,421 1:29 55,241 1,423 1:31 57,066 1,929 1:30 63,061 2,355 1:27
Cotabato
*ND = no data
Incomplete data was posted for the number of teachers in private secondary schools in the
province, except in SY 2013-2014. Although incomplete, it can be generalized that private schools
maintain the standard teacher-to-student ratio (1:40), except for Banga with a ratio of 1:64, Lake
Sebu (1:53), and Tupi (1:45) for SY 2012-2013.

Table 2.5.36 Number of Teachers and Ratio with Students in Private Secondary Schools, South Cotabato, SY 2012-2013 to
SY 2016-2017
SY 2012-2013 SY 2013-2014 SY 2014-2015 SY 2015-2016 SY 2016-2017
City/
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Teachers
Teachers
Teachers
Teachers
Teachers
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Municipality
Banga 1,411 22 1:64 1,330 42 1:32 1,282 ND ND 1082 ND ND 1082 ND ND

Lake Sebu 1,680 32 1:53 1,791 49 1:37 1,789 ND ND 1750 ND ND 1750 ND ND
Norala 387 14 1:28 341 10 1:34 308 ND ND 274 ND ND 274 ND ND
Polomolok 3,500 87 1:40 3,598 138 1:26 3,640 ND ND 3358 ND ND 3358 ND ND
Sto. Niño 360 12 1:30 365 12 1:30 369 ND ND 340 ND ND 340 ND ND
Surallah 1,869 48 1:39 2,059 77 1:27 2,160 ND ND 2195 ND ND 2195 ND ND
Tampakan 301 11 1:27 257 11 1:23 264 ND ND 200 ND ND 200 ND ND
Tantangan 518 18 1:29 600 22 1:27 610 ND ND 584 ND ND 584 ND ND
Tboli 98 7 1:14 75 7 1:11 64 ND ND 46 ND ND 46 ND ND
Tupi 623 14 1:45 606 25 1:24 621 ND ND 515 ND ND 515 ND ND
Koronadal
3,518 ND ND 3,527 161 1:26 3,678 ND ND 3,671 ND ND 3,631 ND ND
City
South
12,995 265 1:33 14,549 554 1:26 14,785 ND ND 14,015 ND ND 13,924 ND ND
Cotabato
Source: DepEd South Cotabato Division and City Schools Division-Koronadal City*ND = no data
*ND = no data
Classroom-Student Ratio
The standard classroom-student ratio in the Philippines is one classroom for every 45 students
as prescribed by Republic Act 7880 or otherwise known as Fair and Equitable Access to Education
Act.”
South Cotabato has achieved the standard ratio of 1 classroom per 30-40 students in public
secondary schools during the four (4) school years (SY 2013-2014 to SY 2016-2017), except in SY
2014-2015 and SY 2015-2016), where lack of data from Koronadal City is a big factor – see Table
2.5.37. The current classroom-to-student ratios (SY 2017-2018) are 1:45 and 1:14 for Junior High
School and Senior High School, respectively – see Table 2.5.38.
It can be observed that enrolment for public secondary schools is increasing for the four (4)
school years. No data were given by Koronadal City from SY 2014-2015 to SY 2015-2016 as to the
number of classrooms combined for the province. Despite this limitation, Figure 2.5.59 shows a
slow increasing trend for the number of classrooms, except in SY 2014-2015. This maybe
attributable to the implementation of K-12 Program where there has been construction of
classrooms in response to the annual increase in number of enrolees.
At the municipal level, it can be observed that public secondary schools situated in
municipalities with far flung barangays have below the standard of classroom-to-student ratio. The
highest classroom-to-student ratio or with ratio below the standard was recorded in Tupi (1:55) and
Lake Sebu (1:51) for SY 2014-2015; Lake Sebu (1:52), Tupi (1:52) and Tboli (1:49) for SY 2015-
2016; Tboli (1:51) and Lake Sebu (1:47) for SY 2016-2017, and Koronadal (1:40) for SY 2017-
2018. Being an urban area, Koronadal City is expected to have high classroom-to-student ratio or
ratio below standard due to the annual increase in number of enrolees with slow social
infrastructure development.

Figure 2.5.59 Number of Classrooms in Public Secondary Schools, South Cotabato, SY 2013-2014 to SY 2017-2018
70,000
60,000 57,229
55,241
52,108
49,428 47,796
50,000
SY 2013-2014
40,000 SY 2014-2015
SY 2015-2016
30,000
SY 2016-2017
20,000 SY 2017-2018
10,000
1,261 973 1,014 1,474 1,053
0
Enrolment No. of Classrooms
Table 2.5.37 Number of Classrooms and Ratio with Students in Public Secondary Schools from SY 2014-2015 to SY 2017-
2018
SY 2014-2015 SY 2015-2016 SY 2016-2017 SY 2017-2018
Classrooms
Classrooms
Classrooms
Classrooms
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
City/Municipality
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Banga 4,163
104 1:40 4,395 104 1:42 4,410 106 1:41 6,441 195 1:33
Lake Sebu 2,227
44 1:51 2,610 50 1:52 2,878 61 1:47 4,199 139 1:30
Norala 3,316
87 1:38 3,410 90 1:38 3,542 91 1:39 4,920 156 1:31
Polomolok 8,426
189 1:45 9,001 196 1:46 9,174 214 1:43 11,925 392 1:30
Sto. Niño 2,956
82 1:36 2,986 82 1:36 2,950 85 1:35 4,067 169 1:24
Surallah 5,621
136 1:41 5,779 136 1:42 6,033 145 1:40 8,341 263 1:32
Tampakan 3,046
88 1:35 3,052 91 1:33 3,151 92 1:33 4,290 156 1:27
Tantangan 2,182
55 1:40 2,255 62 1:36 2,200 64 1:34 2,903 128 1:23
Tboli 3,959
91 1:43 4,544 93 1:49 5,042 101 1:51 6,570 210 1:31
Tupi 5,331
97 1:55 5,690 110 1:52 5,824 178 133 7,580 245 1:31
No No No No
Koronadal 10,881 11,519 12,025 337 1:36 15,265 376 1:40
data data data data
No No No No
South Cotabato 52,108 55,241 57,229 1,474 1:39 76,501 2,429 1:31
data data data data
Table 2.5.38 Number of Classrooms and Ratio with Students in Public Secondary Schools, JHS, SHS, SY 2017-2018
SY 2017-2018 Junior High School SY 2017-2018 Senior High School
City/Municipality No. of No. of
Enrolment Ratio Enrolment Ratio
Classrooms Classrooms
Banga 4,949 101 1:49 1,554 94 1:17
Lake Sebu 3,335 61 1:55 860 78 1:11
Norala 3,723 90 1:41 1,201 66 1:18
Polomolok 9,145 204 1:45 2,878 188 1:15
Sto. Niño 3,010 85 1:35 1,077 84 1:13

SY 2017-2018 Junior High School SY 2017-2018 Senior High School
City/Municipality No. of No. of
Enrolment Ratio Enrolment Ratio
Classrooms Classrooms
Surallah 6,396 145 1:44 2,102 118 1:18
Tampakan 3,333 92 1:37 1,022 64 1:16
Tantangan 2,339 64 1:37 616 64 1:10
Tboli 5,761 96 1:60 943 114 1:08
Tupi 5,805 115 1:50 1,774 130 1:14
Koronadal No data No data No data No data No data No data
South
47,796 1,053 1:45 14,027 1,000 1:14
Cotabato
Private secondary schools in some areas of the province were able to meet the standard
classroom-to-student ratio (1:45), except for some areas with limited access to the nearest schools.
For SY 2012-2013, Surallah recorded the highest ratio at 1:81, followed by Tupi (1:78) and Lake
Sebu (1:62). Polomolok recorded a ratio of 1:47 in the following school year. Aside from the
increasing educational fees, the high classroom-student ratio may also be attributable to
accessibility and better school facilities, parental factor, and other reasons. Lack of data from SY
2014-2015 to SY 2016-2017 limits comparative analysis on the progress of private secondary
schools.
Table 2.5.39 Number of Classrooms and Ratio with Students in Private Secondary Schools from SY 2012-2013 to SY 2016-
2017
SY 2012-2013 SY 2013-2014 SY 2014-2015 SY 2015-2016 SY 2016-2017
No. of Teachers
No. of Teachers
No. of Teachers
No. of Teachers
No. of Teachers
City/
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Enrolment
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio
Municipality
Banga 1,411 30 1:47 1,330 35 1:38 1,282 ND ND 1,082 ND ND 1,082 ND ND

Lake Sebu 1,680 27 1:62 1,791 40 1:45 1,789 ND ND 1,750 ND ND 1,750 ND ND
Norala 387 10 1:39 341 10 1:34 308 ND ND 274 ND ND 274 ND ND
Polomolok 3,500 82 1:43 3,598 76 1:47 3,640 ND ND 3,358 ND ND 3,307 ND ND
Sto. Niño 360 11 1:33 365 11 1:33 369 ND ND 340 ND ND 340 ND ND
Surallah 1,869 23 1:81 2,059 52 1:40 2,160 ND ND 2,195 ND ND 2195 ND ND
Tampakan 301 8 1:38 257 8 1:32 264 ND ND 200 ND ND 200 ND ND
Tantangan 518 14 1:37 600 17 1:35 610 ND ND 584 ND ND 584 ND ND
Tboli 98 4 1:25 75 4 1:19 64 ND ND 46 ND ND 46 ND ND
Tupi 623 8 1:78 606 15 1:40 621 ND ND 515 ND ND 515 ND ND
Koronadal 3,518 90 1:39 3,527 102 1:35 3,678 ND ND 3,671 ND ND 3,631 ND ND
SOUTH
12,995 307 1:42 14,549 370 1:39 14,785 ND ND 14,015 ND ND 13,924 ND ND
COTABATO
*ND = no data
Net Enrolment Ratio
Net Enrolment Rate (NER) pertains to the ratio in a given year of enrolment at a given level of
education in the age group which should be enrolled at that level to the corresponding population;
also referred to as a participation rate (PSA,2018).

The net enrolment ratio or the participation rate (68.08%) of those enrolled in secondary
education as to the population in the age bracket of the junior high school (12-16 years old) or the
gross enrolment ratio (89.10%) shows an unlikeable image for the region in SY 2017-2018 with a
difference of 21.02%. The difference is referred to as the percentage not enrolled in junior high
school or the students who were not able to proceed to junior high school in the whole region.
Among the five (5) cities, General Santos City performed well with NER of 87.95% out of
107.61% GER and a difference of 19.66% (percentage not enrolled). Koronadal City followed with a
difference of 23.09%, Kidapawan City (24.13%), Tacurong City (24.93%) and Cotabato City
(25.58%).
On the other hand, Sultan Kudarat bested the other three (3) provinces in the region for SY
2017-2018 with 53.85% NER out of 72.51% GER, which resulted to 18.66% difference representing
those not enrolled in the junior high school (12-16 years old age bracket). Next to Sultan Kudarat is
Sarangani (20.61%), North Cotabato (20.67%), and South Cotabato (21.9%) – see Figure 2.5.60. It
is observed that a difference of more than 10% or those not enrolled in junior high school is an
unlikeable performance for the education sector. Those who were not counted may have been part
of the out of school youth (OSY), child labor, children-at-risk (CAR), and children in conflict of the
law (CICL).
Figure 2.5.60 Gross and Net Enrolment Ratio Secondary Education (Junior High School), by Province/City, Region XII, SY
2017-2018
140.00% 130.00%
118.02% 120.48%
120.00% 107.61% 105.07%
93.89% 97.39%
100.00% 89.10% 90.24% 87.95% 90.74%
83.29% 81.54%
80.00% 68.08% 68.84% 72.51%
64.66% 62.62% 60.93%
60.00% 53.85%
40.00%
20.00%
0.00%
GER Junior HS NER Junior HS
Senior high school (SHS) consists of two years of specialized upper secondary education
(grades 11 and 12, ages 16 to 18). The data for Region 12 for SY 2017-2018 show a 35.84% NER
or participation rate out of 59.16% GER or the population enrolled in the age bracket of senior high
school (16-18 years old), with a difference of 23.32%. The said percentage represents those not
enrolled in senior high school or the students who were not able to proceed to senior high school. A
high percentage, therefore, shows an unlikeable image for the region.
Among the five (5) cities, General Santos City has the lowest number of population not enrolled
in SHS at 27.5% with NER of 57.87% out of 85.37% GER. Cotabato City followed with a difference
of 32.27%, Koronadal City (34.52%), Kidapawan City (35.93%), and Tacurong City with recorded
highest population not enrolled in SHS at 40.04%. Although the results are high for all cities, these

provide a negative implication for the performance of education sector among cities within the
region.
On the other hand, the provinces performed better than cities in the region. Sultan Kudarat
bested the other three (3) provinces in the region for SY 2017-2018 with 20.56% NER out of
37.72% GER, resulting to 17.16% difference, representing those who are not enrolled in the senior
high school (16-18 years old age bracket). Next to Sultan Kudarat is Sarangani (17.43%), then
followed by North Cotabato (21.26%), and South Cotabato (23.77%) – see Figure 2.5.61. It is
observed that a difference of more than 10% or those not enrolled in senior high school is an
unlikeable performance of the education sector in bringing all children aging 16-18 years to school.
Those who were not counted may have been part of those with skills who are already working, out
of school youth (OSY), and/or children in conflict with the law (CICL).
Figure 2.5.61 Gross and Net Enrolment Ratio Secondary Education (Senior High School), by Province/City,
120.00% 111.14% 112.70%
104.92%
100.00%
85.37%
77.28% 76.62%
80.00% 72.66%
68.99%
59.16% 57.87% 56.55%
60.00%
49.00%
45.01% 42.67%
35.84% 37.72%
40.00% 32.78%
27.74% 25.24%
20.56%
20.00%
0.00%
Region 12 Cotabato City General Kidapawan Koronadal Tacurong North Sarangani South Sultan
Santos City City City City Cotabato Cotabato Kudarat
GER Senior HS NER Senior HS
Cohort Survival Rate, Completion Rate, School Leaver Rate, Transition Rate.
Cohort survival rate (CSR) is determined as the percentage of enrolees at the beginning grade
or year in a given school year who reached the final grade or year of the secondary level (PSA,
2018). The cohort survival rate for Region 12 both in public and private secondary schools is
pegged at 81.31% out of the performance of 4 provinces and 5 cities during SY 2017-2018.
Koronadal City performed well at 94.03% and bested other 4 cities placing Kidapawan City
(91.17%) at the second spot, followed by Tacurong City (87.14%), General Santos City (85.92%),
and Cotabato City (85.30%). For the provinces, the highest CSR was recorded at 82.21% by South
Cotabato, followed by Sultan Kudarat (81.38%), North Cotabato (77.81%), and Sarangani
(71.25%), – see Figure 2.5.62. LGUs with CSR above 90% illustrates a positive performance for
education sector, which means that high percentage of secondary students enrolled in a given
school year were able to finish the whole school year (e.g. a student enrolled in Grade 7 were able
to survive or finish Grade 7 in the same school year). Generally, all LGUs surpassed the regional
CSR (92.72%) for SY 2017-2018, except for North Cotabato (77.81%) and Sarangani (71.25%). A
low CSR maybe attributable to a number of IPs in the area with limited understanding on the

importance of education, inaccessibility to secondary schools of some students living in far flung
barangays, lack of support from parents, poverty, and other factors.
Completion rate is the percentage of first grade/year entrants in a level of education who
complete or finish the level in accordance with the required number of years of study (PSA, 2018).
The completion rate for Region 12 both in public and private secondary schools is recorded at
Koronadal City performed satisfactorily at 93.22% and bested other 4 cities placing Kidapawan City
(90.41%) at the second spot, followed by General Santos City (85.75%), Cotabato City (84.94%),
and Tacurong City (84.08%). For the provinces, the highest completion rate was recorded at
82.21% by South Cotabato followed by Sultan Kudarat (78.98%), North Cotabato (75.42%), and
Sarangani (69.60%) – see Figure 2.5.62. The completion rate of LGUs with CSR above 90%
illustrates a positive performance for education sector, wherein high percentage of secondary
students enrolled from Grade 7 were able to finish Grade 12 continously for 6 school years.
Generally, all LGUs surpassed the regional completion rate (79.86%) for SY 2017-2018, except for
North Cotabato (75.42%) and Sarangani (69.60%). A low completion rate maybe attributable to
migration, poverty, and other factors.
School leaver rate (SLR) is the measure for drop out rate. It covers both students who do not
finish a particular grade/year as well as those who finish but fail to enroll in the next grade/year
level of the following school year. The school leaver rate for Region 12 both in public and private
secondary schools is recorded at 6.76% out of the performance of 4 provinces and 5 cities during
SY 2017-2018. Among the cities, Koronadal City has the lowest SLR or drop out rate, thus
performed well at 2.51% and bested other 4 cities placing Kidapawan City (3.34%) at the second
spot, followed by Tacurong City (4.71%), General Santos City (4.86%), and Cotabato City (5.34%).
For the provinces, South Cotabato performed well having the lowest drop out rate recorded at
6.37%%, followed by Sultan Kudarat (6.9%), North Cotabato (8.08%), and Sarangani (10.50%) –
see Figure 2.5.62. A drop out rate less than 1% (<1%) projects a positive performance for
education sector, wherein high percentage of secondary students were able to finish a particular
grade/year as well as those who finish and enroll in the next level of the following school year.
Generally, all LGUs including the region recorded a high SLR drop out rate (>1%). A high SLR or
drop out rate maybe attributable to varying factors, such as but not limited to, poverty, child labor or
early engagement to work for economic benefits, lack of continuous family support, health problems
or sickness among students, migration, teenage pregnancy, disasters and calamities.
Transition rate is the rate on the extent of students who are able to move to the next higher
level of education (e.g. from elementary to junior high school, and/or from junior high school to
senior high school) (PSA,2018). Transition rate may be affected particularly by migration where it
can increase or reduce the results. The transition rate for Region 12 from elementary to junior high
school both in public and private schools is recorded at 94.28% out of the performance of 4
provinces and 5 cities during SY 2017-2018. Among the cities, Tacurong City recorded the highest
transition rate (elementary to JHS), thus performed well at 110.84% and bested other 4 cities
placing Koronadal City (106.53%) at the second spot, followed by Cotabato City (106.41%),
Kidapawan City (104.58), and General Santos City (97.59%). For the provinces, Sultan Kudarat
performed well having the highest transition rate recorded at 93.59%, followed by South Cotabato
(91.33%), Sarangani (90.32%), and North Cotabato (89.99%) – see Figure 2.5.62. A transition rate
(elementary to JHS) more than 95% (>95%) demonstrates a positive performance wherein
substantial number of students are able to move to next higher level of education. Generally, all
LGUs surpassed the regional transition rate (94.28%) – elementary to JHS for SY 2017-2018,
except the 4 provinces which fell short of the regional transition rate.

For the transition rate from junior high school to senior high school, Region 12 posted a rate of
88.97% for SY 2017-2018. Among the cities, Kidapawan City recorded the highest transition rate
(JHS to SHS), thus performed well at 125.89% and bested other 4 cities placing Koronadal City
(122.64%) at the second spot, followed by Tacurong City (122.62%), Cotabato City (105.07%), and
General Santos City (101.54%). For the provinces, transition rates below 80% are not that
impressive and implies that improvements must be done. Although not high, transition rate for
South Cotabato is recorded at 78.84%, the highest among the provinces. Sarangani followed at
(77.91%), then by Sultan Kudarat (77.50%) and North Cotabato (76.85%) – see Figure 2.5.62. A
transition rate (JHS to SHS) less than 80% (<80%) demonstrates a negative performance wherein
substantial number of students are not able to move to next higher level of education. Generally, all
cities remarkably surpassed the regional transition rate, except for the 4 provinces which fell short
of the rate. This maybe attributable to poverty, unsupportive parents, migration, teenage pregnancy
or other important factors.
Figure 2.5.62 Cohort Survival Rate, Completion Rate, School Leaver Rate, Transition Rate in Public and Private Secondary
Schools by Province/City, Region XII, SY 2017-2018
140.00%
120.00%
100.00%
80.00%
60.00%
40.00%
20.00%
0.00%
Sulta
Cohort Survival Rate 81.31% 85.30% 85.92% 91.17% 94.03% 87.14% 77.81% 71.25% 82.21% 81.38%
Completion Rate 79.86% 84.94% 85.75% 90.41% 93.22% 84.08% 75.42% 69.60% 81.44% 78.98%
School Lever Rate 6.76% 5.34% 4.86% 3.34% 2.51% 4.71% 8.08% 10.50% 6.37% 6.90%
Transition Rate (Elementary to Junior) 94.28% 106.41% 97.59% 104.58% 106.53% 110.84% 89.99% 90.32% 91.33% 93.59%
Transition Rate (Junior to Senior) 88.97% 105.07% 101.54% 125.89% 122.64% 122.62% 76.85% 77.91% 78.84% 77.50%
Cohort Survival Rate Completion Rate School Lever Rate Transition Rate (Elementary to Junior) Transition Rate (Junior to Senior)
Coefficient of Efficiency, Years Input Per Graduate, Gender Parity Index (GPI)
Coefficient of Efficiency measures the internal efficiency of the education system. It evaluates
the impact of repetition and dropout on the efficiency of the educational process in producing
graduates. For SY 2014-2015, the internal efficiency of education system is at 73.54% and
gradually increases to 82.84% in the following school year. This indicates that the province is doing
well in its internal system depicting a 9.3% increase in completion rate from SY 2014-2015 to SY
2015-2016, thus, it becomes efficient in producing graduates in junior high school as shown in
Table 2.5.40.
Years input per graduate is the number of years it takes for an average student to graduate
from elementary or secondary level. A decreasing trend is recorded for years input per graduate
from 4.89 (SY 2014-2015) to 4.48 (SY 2015-2016). The decrease implies that South Cotabato is

improving in terms of securing an average student to graduate from junior high school for not more
than 4 years.
The Gender Parity Index (GPI) is a socioeconomic index usually designed to measure the
relative access to education of males and females. It is calculated as the quotient of the number of
females by the number of males enrolled in a given stage of education. GPI equal to 1 indicates
parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates a disparity in favour of
boys and a value greater than 1 indicates a disparity in favour of girls (UNESCO, 2020). For the 2
succeeding school years, South Cotabato recorded a GPI of 1.02 in SY 2014-2015 and 1.05 GPI in
the next school year displaying a disparity in favour of girls by having the greatest number of female
pupils who are able to access or progress in the next year level from JHS to SHS.
Table 2.5.40 Coefficient of Efficiency, Years Input Per Graduate and Gender Parity Index in Public and Private Secondary
Schools, South Cotabato, SY 2014-2015, SY 2015-2016
School Year Completion Rate Coefficient of Efficiency Years Input Per Graduate Gender Parity Index
(South Cotabato) (JHS) (JHS) (JHS) (JHS)
SY 2014-2015 73.54% 81.86% 4.89 1.02
SY 2015-2016 82.84% 89.24% 4.48 1.05
Source: Department of Education- South Cotabato Division
2.5.2.5.4 Tertiary School Statistics
Public and Private Higher Education Institutions
South Cotabato recorded only 23 higher education institutions (1 public institution, 22 private
institutions) in 2017 and 24 in 2018 (1 public institution, 23 private institutions). Moreover, an
increase of 1 private institution was recorded in 2018 for South Cotabato as shown in Figure 2.5.63.
The slow increase maybe attributable to difficulties of other schools to comply with the
requirements set by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) in the implementation of the K to
12 Program. As of 2018, the 24 public and private institutions in the province are located in
Koronadal City (15-private), Lake Sebu (1-private), Polomolok (4-private), Surallah (1-public), and
Tupi (2). Table 2.5.41 displays the public and private higher education institutions in South
Cotabato.
Figure 2.5.63 Number of Public and Private Higher Education Institutions, South Cotabato, 2017, 2018
25 22 23
20
15
10
5 1 1
0
2017 2018
Public 1 1
Private 22 23
Public Private
Source: Commission on Higher Education
Technical-Vocational (Tech-Voc) Programs are being offered in 38 institutions in South

Cotabato for 2018 (36 are private schools, 2 public school). The schools are located in Polomolok,
Tampakan and Tupi for District I and in Banga, Lake Sebu, Norala, Surallah, Sto. Niño and
Koronadal City for District II.

Table 2.5.41 Number of Institutions Offering Tech-Voc Programs by District and by Location, South Cotabato, 2016-2018
Number of TVET Programs/
City/ Number of Institutions
Category Qualifications Registered with TESDA
Municipality
2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018
DISTRICT 1
Polomolok Private 6 6 6 29 28 38
Tampakan Public 1 1 1 1 1 1
Tupi Private 2 3 3 8 7 8
DISTRICT 2
Banga Private 1 none none 2 none none
Koronadal
Private 24 21 22 92 84 94
City
Lake Sebu Private 1 1 1 3 3 2
Norala Public 1 none none 16 none none
Surallah Public (2016 – 4, 2017-2018 – 1), 4 4 4 10 23 27
Private (2017-2018 – 3)
Sto. Niño Private 1 1 1 2 3 5
TOTAL 41 37 38 163 149 175
Source: TESDA South Cotabato Provincial Office
Enrolment
Data shows a declining trend for South Cotabato in terms of enrolees to higher education since
SY 2015-2016 to SY 2017-2018 even with an increase in enrolment recorded at 3,680 (SY 2014-
2015 to SY 2015-2016). The decrease in enrolment maybe attributable to poverty, additional
number of years for tertiary education due to the K to 12 Program, or early employment of senior
high school graduates, among others. Table 2.5.42 shows that from among the localities,
Koronadal City posted the highest number of schools (15) offering higher education in the province,
followed by Polomolok (4), Surallah (2), Tupi (2) and Lake Sebu (1).
Figure 2.5.64 Enrolment of Public and Private Higher Education, South Cotabato, SY 2014-2015 to 2017-2018
17,213
18,901
24,093
20,413
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000
SY2017-2018 SY2016-2017 SY2015-2016 SY2014-2015
Source: Commission on Higher Education

Table 2.5.42 Enrolment in Public and Private Higher Education by City/Municipality, SY 2014-201 to 2017-2018
ENROLMENT BY YEAR
City/Municipality Name of School 2017- 2016- 2015- 2014-
2018 2017 2016 2015
St. Alexius College, Inc. 878 1,020 1,082 1,032
King’s College of Marbel, Inc. 664 808 864 738
Notre Dame of Marbel University 2,586 3,412 4,168 4,071
Green Valley College Foundation, Inc. 1,246 679 2,191 1,972
Marbel School of Science and Technology 332 348 477 362
Regency Polytechnic College, Inc. 1,183 1,215 1,760 1,942
ACLC College of Marbel 322 376 498 560
Koronadal City KORBEL Foundation College, Inc. 1,137 1,132 1,100 710
STI College Koronadal City, Inc. 661 923 1,232 1,115
Goldenstate Colllege of Koronadal City 821 623 1,035 1,015
Marvelous College of Technology 426 575 712 646
International Cruise Ship College, Inc. 149 140 214 61
Ramon Magsaysay Memorial College-Marbel, Inc. 2,120 2,339 2,423 1,839

Marbel Institute of Technical College, Inc. 9 15 35 44
Holy Child College of Information Technology, Inc.-
0 25 32 25
Koronadal City
Lake Sebu Sta. Cruz Mission School Inc. 441 493 647 537
Schola De San Jose 84 74 63 76
Notre Dame-Siena College of Polomolok 207 229 259 169
Polomolok
B.E.S.T. College of Polomolok (B.E.S.T. Polomolok), Inc. 200 215 323 243
General Santos Academy, Inc. 1,371 1,444 1,539 1,248
Sultan Kudarat State University-SUNAS Campus 443 286 251 182
Surallah
Holy Child College of Information Technology, Inc. 105 164 262 246
Tupi Adventist College of Technology, Incorporated 218 261 272 264
South East Asian Institute of Technology 1,610 2,105 2,654 1,316
GRAND TOTAL 17,213 18,901 24,093 20,413
Source: Commission on Higher Education XII
2.5.2.6 Housing
South Cotabato displays an increasing trend for occupied housing units (OHU) in the last 3
census years, and currently has a total of 216,164 occupied housing units based on the
2015census (Figure 2.5.65). From 2000 to 2010, the
number of occupied housing units in the province With urbanization, population
increased at an average rate of 3.26% per year from increase is directly
138,572 to 183,712. Moreover, a sharp increase at
proportional to the provision
17.66% is recorded during the 2015 census. The 2015
of additional housing units.
census year gives the province a ratio of 1.01%
household per housing unit (or 101 households for 100
housing units) and a ratio of 4 persons living in 1 occupied housing unit – see Table 2.5.43. The
number of households also increased at an average rate of 3.17% (2000-2010) and 17.05% (2010-
2015) per year from 141,418 to 186,184 and from 186,184 to 217,926, respectively. Household
population is increasing at only 1.97% in 2000-2010. In a span of 5 years, however, a sharp
increase in population is recorded at 10.55% per year starting 2010 to 2015.
Figure 2.5.65 Occupied Housing Units, South Cotabato, 2000, 2010, 2015
250,000 216,164
200,000 183,712
138,572
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
Occupied Housing Units
2000 2010 2015
Source: PSA
Table2.5.43 Housing Profile of South Cotabato, 2000,2010,2015

2010 2015
Indicator 2000 Increase/ Increase/
Number % Number %
Decrease Decrease
Household (HH) 141,418 186,184 44,766 3.17% 217,926 31,742 17.05%
Household Population 689,663 825,816 136,153 1.97% 912,957 87,141 10.55%
Occupied Housing Units 138,572 183,712 45,140 3.26% 216,164 32,452 17.66%
Ratio of Household to Occupied Housing Unit 1.02 : 1 1.01 : 1 1.01: 1
Ratio of Household Population to Occupied Housing Unit 5:1 5:1 4:1
Source: PSA
Types of Building /House and Materials Used

Data shows that household
Table 2.5.44 shows that 93%-96% of houses in population or families in South
South Cotabato is single house since 2000-2015. A Cotabato would still opt to live in a
matter of 1% for duplex and multi-unit residential rural setting having a single house
building was chosen as dwelling of families or
than any other housing type.
individuals in the province.
Figure 2.5.66 Type of Housing Units/Building, South Cotabato, 2000, 2010, 2015
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
2000
50,000 2010
2015
0
Commerci Institutiona Other
Single Multi-Unit Not South
Duplex al/Industria l Living Housing
House Residential Reported Cotabato
l/Agri Quarters Units
2000 133,025 1,820 1,608 371 56 8 1,684 138,572
2010 173,968 4,516 4,174 667 27 5 355 183,712
2015 201,403 7,930 6,407 325 15 7 77 216,164

Table 2.5.44 Occupied Housing Unit by Type of Building/House, South Cotabato, 2000, 2010,2015
2000 2010 2015
Ratio of HH to
Ratio of HH to
Popn. to OHU
Popn. to OHU
Popn to OHU
Popn to OHU
Ratio of HH
Ratio of HH
Ratio of HH
Ratio of HH
Total OHU
Total OHU
Total OHU
Type of
No. of HH
No. of HH
No. of HH
HH Popn.
HH Popn.
HH Popn.
OHU
OHU
Building/
House
Single
133,025 135,653 662,957 1.02 4.98 173,968 176,289 789,138 1.01 4.54 201,403 203,078 861,071 1.01 4.28
House
Duplex 1,820 1,914 8,705 1.05 4.78 4,516 4,577 18,514 1.01 4.10 7,930 7,979 30,140 1.01 3.80
Multi-Unit
1,608 1,696 6,593 1.05 4.10 4,174 4,229 13,895 1.01 3.33 6,407 6,437 20,007 1.01 3.12
Residential
Commercial/
Industrial/ 371 381 1,796 1.03 4.84 667 695 2,688 1.04 4.03 325 327 1,208 1.01 3.72
Agricultural
Institutional
Living 56 74 300 1.32 5.36 27 30 112 1.11 4.15 15 15 62 1 4.13
Quarters
Other
8 8 37 1.00 4.63 5 5 26 1.00 5.20 7 7 16 1 2.29
Housing Unit
Not
1,684 1,692 9,275 1.00 5.51 355 359 1,443 1.01 4.06 77 83 377 1.08 4.90
Reported
TOTAL 138,572 141,418 689,663 1.02 4.98 183,712 186,184 825,816 1.01 4.50 216,164 217,926 912,881 1.01 4.22
For 2 census years (2010 and 2015), the preferred construction materials of the outer walls of
the occupied housing units in the province are bamboo, sawali, cogon and nipa making it on the
first spot at 43% in 2010 and 40% in 2015. Concrete, brick and stone ranked second (32% in 2010
and 33% in 2015); followed by half concrete, brick, stone, and half wood (16.44% in 2010 and
16.54% in 2015); wood (7.44% in 2010 and 8.20% in 2015); and galvanized iron and aluminium
(0.46% in 2010 and 0.73% in 2015).
The data in Figure 2.5.67show that majority of the occupied housing units in the province using
bamboo, sawali, cogon and nipa are owned by poor families or those below the middle-income
earners and can be usually found in rural areas. The proliferation of subdivisions still cannot
surpass the number of houses recorded using bamboo, sawali, cogon, and nipa. The data do not
reflect those houses occupied by informal settlers. However, with the advent of climate change
(hotter days, high humidity, erratic rainfall) and natural calamities/disasters (geologic events such
as earthquakes), the data for the construction materials of the outer walls of OHU in the province
may not project a significant change in the next census year.
Figure 2.5.67 Type of Construction Materials of the Outer Walls, South Cotabato, 2010, 2015
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
Half
Galvaniz Bamboo/ Makeshift
Concrete/ Conc/Bric
ed Sawali/C /Salvage Not South
Brick/Sto Wood k/Stone & Asbestos Glass Trapal Others No Walls
Iron/Alum ogon/Nip d/Improvi Reported Cotabato
ne Half
inum a sed Matls
Wood
2015 -Total OHU 71,267 17,721 35,756 1,575 87,538 119 30 350 178 190 18 1,422 216,164
2010 -Total OHU 58,325 13,662 30,196 852 78,305 46 13 399 0 1,886 28 0 183,712
For 2 census years, occupied housing units in the province significantly

considered the use of galvanized iron, and aluminium as the primary roofing
materials of houses for better protection against all forms of hazards including
the impacts of climate change (heavy rainfall, erratic rainfall change) and other
forms of natural and man-made disasters.
In line with the preference for construction materials used for roofing of OHUs in the province,
Figure 2.5.68 shows that galvanized iron and aluminium were used at a high extent with an
increasing trend recorded at 73 % in 2010 and 81% in 2015. Cogon, nipa and anahaw followed at
the second spot but with a decreasing trend recorded at 23% in 2010 and 13.45% in 2015. All other
materials were recorded at an insignificant rate – see Table 2.5.45.
Figure 2.5.68 Type of Construction Materials of the Roof, South Cotabato, 2010, 2015
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
Half
Galvanized
Tile/Concre Galvanized Cogon/ Makeshift/
/ Asbestos/ Not South
te/ Clay Iron and Wood Nipa/ Salvage/
Iron/Alumin Others Reported Cotabato
Tile Half Anahaw Improvised
um
Concrete
2015 -Total OHU 175,754 2,367 8,457 163 29,068 239 52 41 216,164
2010 -Total OHU 134,126 740 4,107 2,222 41,454 420 643 0 183,712
Table 2.5.45 Occupied Housing Units by Construction Materials of the Outer Walls and Roof, South Cotabato, 2010, 2015
Construction Materials of the Roof
Construction Materials
of the Outer Walls Total Galvanized Tile/ Cogon/ Makeshift/
Half-Galvanized Asbestos/ Not
2015 Occupied Iron/ Concrete/ Wood Nipa/ Salvage/
Iron and Half Concrete Others Reported
Housing Unit Aluminum Clay Tile Anahaw Improvised
Concrete/Brick/Stone 71,267 68,478 2,000 620 1 147 3 16 2
Wood 17,721 12,815 139 867 11 3,856 23 3 7
Half Conc/Brick/Stone & Half Wood 35,756 29,800 150 5,406 2 382 11 3 2
Galvanized Iron/Aluminum 1,575 1,248 56 90 1 179 1 - -
Bamboo/Sawali/Cogon/Nipa 87,538 61,463 - 1,446 108 24,394 95 - 22
Asbestos 119 90 - - - - - 29 -
Glass 30 16 12 1 - - - 1 -
Makeshift/Salvaged/Improvised Matls 350 193 - 3 3 46 105 - -
Trapal 178 98 - - 37 40 1 - 2
Others 190 166 1 - - 17 - - 6
No Walls 18 15 - - - 3 - - -
Not Reported 1,422 1,372 9 24 - 4 - - -
TOTAL 216,164 175,754 2,367 8,457 163 29,068 239 52 41
2010
Concrete/Brick/Stone 58,325 56,911 564 368 36 242 4 200
Wood 13,662 8,159 33 278 1,461 3,681 41 9
Half Conc/Brick/Stone & Half Wood 30,196 26,865 125 2,311 120 708 16 51

Construction Materials of the Roof
Construction Materials
of the Outer Walls Total Galvanized Tile/ Cogon/ Makeshift/
Half-Galvanized Asbestos/ Not
2015 Occupied Iron/ Concrete/ Wood Nipa/ Salvage/
Iron and Half Concrete Others Reported
Housing Unit Aluminum Clay Tile Anahaw Improvised
Galvanized Iron/Aluminum 852 619 14 121 17 73 1 7
Bamboo/Sawali/Cogon/Nipa 78,305 39,986 987 569 36,288 151 324
Asbestos 46 34 1 1 10
Glass 13 7 2 3 1
Makeshift/Salvaged/Improvised Matls 399 121 5 5 78 186 4
Other/Not Reported 1,886 1,417 3 34 5 370 21 36
No Walls 28 7 6 14 1
TOTAL 183,712 134,126 740 4,107 2,222 41,454 420 643 0
The provincial data show that the primary tenure status of household lots of the OHUs are those
owned or being amortized by occupants, which is recorded at 58% (2000), 67% (2010), and 60 %
(2015). Significantly, about 49,537 or 22.73% of the total household lots in 2015 are owned or
rented-free with consent of the owner and 16,875 or
7.74% in 2015 or those rented-free with consent of the This implies that occupants in
owner placing it on the second and third spot, the province would opt to own
respectively. Rented households ranked fourth or amortize a house rather than
showing a decreasing trend at 6.49% (2000), 6.37% rent.
(2010) and 5.44% (2015).
On the other hand, the households that rented the lot free without the consent of the owner,
which comprise 2,391 or 1.69% in 2000, 2,898 or 1.56% in 2010, and 859 or 0.39% in 2015, are
considered informal settlers. These are mostly located in informal settlement areas (privately-
owned but occupied/encroached), government, sites and road right-of-ways. The decreasing trend
projects a good image for the province as a result of eliminating informal settlers in the province.
The figures presented also recorded some limitations on the data, thus analysis cannot be
generalized on the current situation in the province –see Table 2.5.46.
Figure 2.5.69 Status of Household Lots, South Cotabato, 2010, 2010, 2015
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
Own Own
Rent-free Rent-free
Owned/bei House House
Own house and house and
ng Rent-Free Rent-Free Not Not South
Rented House lot with lot without
amortized/ Lot with Lot without Reported Applicable Cotabato
Rent Lot consent of consent of
owner-like consent of consent of
the owner the owner
the owner the owner
2015 131,176 11,854 4,717 49,537 2,908 16,875 859 0 0 217,926
2010 124,803 11,865 0 0 0 44,662 2,898 0 1,956 186,184
2000 81,897 9,180 0 0 0 40,533 2,391 3,854 3,563 141,418
Table 2.5.46 Tenure Status of Household Lots, South Cotabato, 2000,2010, 2015
2000 2010 2015
Tenure Status of the Lot No. of No. of No. of
% % %
HHs HHs HHs
Owned/being amortized/owner-like 81,897 57.91 124,803 67.03 131,176 60.19
Rented 9,180 6.49 11,865 6.37 11,854 5.44
Own House Rent Lot No data No data No data No data 4,717 2.16
Own House Rent-Free Lot with
No data No data No data No data 49,537 22.73
consent of the owner
Own House Rent-Free Lot without
No data No data No data No data 2,908 1.33
Rent-free house and lot with consent
40,533 28.66 44,662 23.99 16,875 7.74
of the owner
Rent-free house and lot without
2,391 1.69 2,898 1.56 859 0.39
Not Reported 3,854 2.73 0 0.00 No data No data
Not Applicable 3,563 2.52 1,956 1.05 No data No data
TOTAL 141,418 100.00 186,184 100.00 217,926 100
Subdivisions
In 2017, the latest inventory of subdivisions registered with the Housing and Land Use
Regulatory Board (HLURB) shows that the province has 549 subdivisions classified as socialized
housing with a total of 9,486 units – see Table 2.5.47. Most of these subdivisions are located in
Koronadal City having a total of 42 subdivisions with 6,778 housing units. Other subdivisions are
located in Polomolok (10 subdivisions with 1,453 units), Surallah (3 subdivisions with 911 units),
Lake Sebu (2 subdivisions with 181 units), Tupi (1 subdivision with 113 units) and Banga (1
subdivision with 50 units).
Figure 2.5.70 Inventory of Subdivision Units/Lots by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018

14,000 12,764
12,000
10,056
10,000
8,000
6,000 2017
4,000
1,453 911
2,000 181
50 113
0
Banga Lake Sebu Koronadal City Polomolok Surallah Tupi South Cotabato
Source: C/MPDO-South Cotabato
Table 2.5.47 Inventory of Subdivisions, South Cotabato, 2018

Name of Subdivision Number of Units/Lots Name of Subdivision Number of Units/Lots
Koronadal City 10,056 Lake Sebu 181
1 Marville Homes 341 1 Sunset View Park Subdivision 81
Tubong Highlanders Home Owners
2 Agan Homes 224 2 100
Association
3 Agan Homes East I 199 Surallah 911
4 Agan Homes East II 109 1 Dorego Subdivision 325
5 Agan Homes East III 41
6 Agan Homes North 213
7 Villa Agreda I 523 2 Agan Homes 259
8 Villa Agreda II 386
9 Villa Agreda III 266 3 Villa Nueva Plains Subdivision 327
10 Victory Homes 1,590

Name of Subdivision Number of Units/Lots Name of Subdivision Number of Units/Lots
11 Sueno Village I 243 Polomolok 1,453
12 Sueno Village II 54 1 Lantana Subdivision 128
13 San Antonio Village I 254 2 Kaunlaran Subdivision 162
14 San Antonio Village II 339 3 Pulutana Subdivision 318
15 San Antonio Village Phase III 166 4 Cannery subdivision 99
16 San Antonio Village Phase IV 452 5 Matutum View Homes 296
17 South Wind Estate 67 6 Lansang Village 158
18 South Wind Estate phase II 23 7 Esperado Subdivision 222
19 Megaland 230 8 Eugenio Homesite Subdivision 34
20 Carmela Homes 66 9 Carlos Betenio Simple Subdivision 22
21 Animas Subdivison 82 10 Morales, Hilario Simple Subd. 14
22 Belda Homeowners Association Subd. 217
23 BLISS Project 160 Tupi 113
24 Baldostamon Subdivision 286 1 Purok 8A (Abellanosa Subdivision) 113
25 Camella Homes 636
26 Camella Cerritos 211 Banga 50
27 Camella Prima 599 1 BLISS Project 50
28 Castre Subdivision 6
29 Dona Lourdes Subdivision 60
30 Esquillo Homeowners Association Subd. 256
31 Tony Ko Village 70
32 Futura Homes 544
33 Garcia Subdivision 139
34 Heirs of Florentino Silvederio 80
35 Lauban Subdivision 189
36 Lolita Morales 114
37 Marilyn R. Lapastora 2
38 Olimpiaville Subd. 84
39 Silvederio Subd. 89
40 Valenzuela Subd. 49
41 Kanami Koronadal Resettlement Area 400
Total Subdivisions - 56 Total No. of Units/Lots 12,764
Source: C/MPDO-South Cotabato
Housing Backlog
International human rights law recognizes everyone’s right to an adequate standard of living,
including adequate housing. Thus, crucial in shelter planning is the identification of housing
backlog. For shelter planning to be effective, housing backlog or the number of dwelling units
needed at the beginning of the planning period due to doubled-up households(double occupancy or
one dwelling unit is shared by 2 or more households), displaced units (new dwelling units needed to
replace those occupied by households located in danger areas or those living on lands which are
needed by the government for a major infrastructure project or in areas where there is a court order
for eviction and demolition) and homeless households(individuals or households living in parks,
along sidewalks and all those without any form of shelter) must first be identified.
Housing backlog for the province shows a decreasing trend, which is recorded at 16.33% or
889 units (2000-2010) and 21.42% or 974 units (2010-2015)- see Figure 2.5.71. The decreasing
trend gives a positive image for the province since shelter needs of those living and working in the
area are slowly being addressed by the government. To categorize the housing backlog for South
Cotabato, a decreasing trend for three census years can be observed in doubled-up household and
unacceptable housing units. However, an increasing trend is recorded for the makeshift/ salvage/
improvised housing unit (Figure 2.5.72).
Housing needs may come from the following factors: backlog, population growth and upgrading
needs. Thus, South Cotabato computed the current and projected housing needs of South

Cotabato for ten (10) years (2016-2026) as reflected in Table 2.5.49. In 2015, the demand for
housing reached 52,880 units and is projected to increase to 54,346 in 2026.
Housing demand follows with the increase in population. By 2026, there is a need to construct
4,547 new housing units to achieve a zero housing backlog, upgrade the housing units or tenure of
lots of 44,662 households, and provide new units for 5,110 households due to projected increase in
population.
Generally, the need to formulate and update the Local Shelter Plans (LSPs) of
each municipality/city to address the local housing needs is imperative. The
participation of the private sector must be tapped for developing not only
affordable housing units but most importantly units that are livable and safe from
the impacts of climate change and natural calamities.
Figure 2.5.71 Housing Backlog, South Cotabato, 2000, 2010, 2015

6,000 5,436
5,000 4,547
4,000 3,573
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
Housing Backlog - South Cotabato
2000 2010 2015
Figure 2.5.72 Housing Backlog by Type, South Cotabato, 2000, 2010, 2015
6,000 5,436
5,000 4,547
4,000 3,573
2,846
3,000 2,472 2,451
1,780 1,889
2,000 1,443
1,000
139 186 350
0
Doubled-Up Households Unacceptable Housing Units Makeshift/Salvage/Improvised South Cotabato
Housing Unit
2000 2010 2015

Table 2.5.48 Housing Backlog, South Cotabato, 2000, 2010, 2015
2000 2010 2015
Backlog
No. % No. % No. %
Doubled-Up Households 2,846 0.52 2,472 0.52 1,780 .50
Unacceptable Housing Units 2,451 0.45 1,889 0.40 1,443 .40
Makeshift/Salvage/Improvised
139 0.03 186 0.08 350 .10
Housing Unit
TOTAL BACKLOG 5,436 4,547 3,573
Table2.5.49 Current and Projected Housing Need, South Cotabato, 2016-2026

Future Housing Needs
Housing Needs 2016
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
1 Housing Backlog 4,574 4,574 4,574 4,574 4,574 4,574 4,574 4,574 4,574 4,574 4,574
2 Housing Formation Due to
3,644 4,299 4,382 4,467 4,554 4,642 4,732 4,824 4,918 5,013 5,110
Increase in Population
3 Upgrading 44,662 44,662 44,662 44,662 44,662 44,662 44,662 44,662 44,662 44,662 44,662
TOTAL 52,880 53,535 53,618 53,703 53,790 53,878 53,968 54,060 54,154 54,249 54,346
Source: PSA
2.5.2.7 Protective Services
It is a declared policy of the State to promote peace and order, ensure public safety
and further strengthen local government capability aimed towards the effective
delivery of the basic services to the citizenry through the establishment of a highly
efficient and competent police force that is national in scope and civilian in character.
Toward this end, the State shall bolster a system of coordination and cooperation among the
citizenry, local executives and the integrated law enforcement and public safety agencies created
under this Act (RA 6975).
The Philippine National Police (PNP), the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), and the Bureau of
Jail Management and Penology (BJMP), including the South Cotabato Rehabilitation and Detention
Center (SCRDC), as well as the pillars of the criminal justice system: 1) Law Enforcement; 2)
Prosecution; 3) Courts; 4) Correctional Institutions; and 5) the Community Order, are the primary
agencies mandated to protect and serve all Filipinos at all cost.
Policemen-to-Population Ratio
In 2018, the existing police force of South Cotabato is composed of 941 policemen/women.
Thus, with the projected population (926,094), the current ratio of policemen to population is
recorded at 1:984 (2018), more than the ideal police to population ratio of 1:500. For 6 years (2013-
2018), the number of police force in the province projects an increasing trend parallel to the
increasing population count, except in 2015 to 2016, where police count slightly decreased by 20.
Generally, police to population ratio keeps on improving in 6consecutive years –see Figure 2.5.73
and Table 2.5.50.

Figure 2.5.73 Number of Policemen and Population, South Cotabato, 2013-2018
1,000,000 867,247 867,247 915,289 933,961 951,147 926,094
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
769 779 897 877 896 984
0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Population No. of Policemen
Source: South Cotabato Police Provincial Office
Table 2.5.50 Number of Policemen and Among the local government units, Polomolok has
Policemen-to-Population Ratio, South the highest number of policemen at 104, followed by
Cotabato, 2013-2018
No. of Koronadal City (101), Surallah (70), Tupi (59), Tboli (55),
Year Population Ratio Banga (53), Norala (52), Sto. Niño (51), Tampakan (43),
Policemen
2013 867,247 769 1:1128 Tantangan (42) and Lake Sebu (40). In terms of
2014 867,247 779 1:1113 policemen to population ratio, Lake Sebu recorded the
2015 915,289 897 1:1020 highest ratio at 1:2,132, followed by Koronadal City
2016 933,961 877 1:1065 (1:1,174), and Tboli (1:1,672). Although, the standard
2017 951,147 896 1:1,062 ratio was not yet achieved in 2018, Sto.Niño recorded the
2018 926,094 941 1:984 least policemen-to-population ratio at 1:872.
Source: South Cotabato Police Provincial Office,
Population-PPDO Estimate In reality, the national standard or ideal police to
population ratio of 1:500 is quite difficult to attain. Thus,
in South Cotabato, the standard ratio being used is 1 policeman for every 1,000 population, which
is quite close to the existing ratio per component LGU. According to the NAPOLCOM, the regular
recruitment program is expected to boost the manpower and strength of the police force and that
the padrino system has already been eliminated from the police force and law enforcers are chosen
based on their qualifications. The current scenario on police to population ratio also contributes to
low crime resolution and increasing crime rate in the province.
Figure 2.5.74 Number of Policemen and Population by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
200,000
177,195
180,000
154,804
160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000 85,470 85,276 85,125 88,641
80,000 72,717
60,000 49,971 44,489 45,298

40,588
40,000
20,000
53 101 40 52 104 51 70 43 42 55 59
0
Banga Koronadal Lake Sebu Norala Polomolok Sto. Niño Surallah Tampakan Tantangan Tboli Tupi
City
Population No. of Policemen

Table 2.5.51 Policemen-to-Population Ratio by City/ To augment the inadequacy of the police
Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018 force and to strengthen community vigilance
City/ No. of
Population Ratio and policing, barangay tanods along with the
Municipality Policemen
members of the Community Volunteer
Banga 85,470 53 1:1,613
Organizations (CVO) are established to
Lake Sebu 85,276 40 1:2,132
Norala 49,971 52 1:961 maintain peace and order in every barangay.
Polomolok 154,804 104 1:1,488 Police outposts (34) and police stations (13)
Sto. Niño 44,489 51 1:872 are also established,11 of which are
Surallah 85,125 70 1:1,216 city/municipal police stations and 2provincial
Tampakan 40,588 43 1:943 police offices (South Cotabato Police Provincial
Tantangan 45,298 42 1:1,007 Office and Provincial Public Safety Company).
Tboli 88,641 55 1:1,672 The police outposts comprise the different
Tupi 69,237 59 1:1,173 Community-Police Assistance Centers
Koronadal (ComPAC), Maneuvering Platoons and Tourist
177,195 101 1:1,754
City Assistance Centers/Desks.
Crime Rate
Crime rate refers to the number of crimes committed per 100,000 population. 6 On the other
hand, crime incidence refers to the number of crimes reported as to index or non-index crimes
within a given period.
For 5 consecutive years, the crime rate in South Cotabato shows an erratic trend. In 2015, a
sharp upturn at 88.56% was recorded. In the next 3 years, a decreasing trend was observed
at18.95% from 2015-2016, 10.62% from 2016-2017 and 12.91% from 2017-2018. The lowest
average crime rate per year in the province is recorded at 46.08% in 2018, followed by 58.99%
(2017), 69.61% (2016), 69.81% (2014) and 88.56% in 2015.
Among the component LGUs, Koronadal City has the highest crime rate for 5 consecutive
years and followed by Polomolok.
Figure 2.5.75 Crime Rate by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2014-2018
2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Koronadal South
City Cotabato
2014 41.86 110.85 28.89 54.25 92.23 49.33 99.32 54.90 81.49 14.32 78.80 69.81
2015 29.97 171.94 31.66 40.87 123.53 5.38 103.28 41.15 85.96 25.87 89.98 88.56
2016 14.14 173.91 20.72 25.35 91.94 37.65 69.80 37.70 67.33 9.12 33.10 69.61
2017 14.43 160.75 12.41 16.34 70.36 36.90 51.20 27.51 45.62 7.90 32.74 58.99
2018 24.08 83.85 15.05 46.03 66.05 58.82 34.17 22.58 34.77 19.74 31.53 46.08
6
Definition of Terms-Public Order, Safety and Justice, www.nscb.gov.ph/ru12/DEFINE/DEF-JUST.HTM

Map 2.5.17 Crime Rate
Source: PPDO, 2020
Crime Volume
Crime volume is the number of crime incidents committed in a given area over a period of time,
which includes the index and non-index crimes.
As an urban area, Koronadal City, posted the highest crimes committed at 16,559 from 2013 to
2018.The recorded crimes are both index and non-index crimes. Polomolok landed on the second
spot with a crime volume of 9,994, followed by Surallah (4,274), Tupi (3,266), Tantangan (1,944),
Banga (1,891), Sto.Niño (1,795), Norala (1,466), Lake Sebu (1,405), Tampakan (1,376), and Tboli
(1,271) - see Figure 2.5.76. Generally, it can be observed that most crimes were committed in
populated areas. Most of the crimes were committed in the last quarter of the year. Figure
2.5.77shows that during holiday season, crimes usually increase. This maybe attributable to the
fact that during this season, crimes, particularly those involving property such as theft and robbery,
become prevalent considering that the objects of crime abound.

Figure 2.5.76 Total Crime Volume by City/Municipality (per 100,000 population), South Cotabato, 2013-2018
South Cotabato 44,870
Tupi 3,266
Tboli 1,271
Tantangan 1,944
Tampakan 1,376
Surallah 4,274
Sto. Niño 1,795
Polomolok 9,694
Norala 1,466
Lake Sebu 1,406
Koronadal City 16,559
Banga 1,891
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000
Figure 2.5.77 Total Crime Volume, South Cotabato, 2013-2018

5,000
4,756 4,500
4,306 4,312 4,000
3,694 3,699 3,500

3,548 3,665 3,588
3,402 3,442
3,286 3,172 3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
January February March April May June July August September October November December
Index and Non-Index Crimes
Index crimes, as defined by the Philippine National Police (PNP), involve crimes against
persons such as murder, homicide, physical injury and rape, and crimes against property such as
robbery, theft, carnapping/carjacking and cattle rustling. Non-Index Crime (NIC) cases, which are
mostly violation of special laws and other less-serious criminal offenses.
In South Cotabato, non-index crimes recorded the highest count compared to index crimes for
5 consecutive years (2014-2018) and usually at its peak by months of December (2,585), October
(2,286), November (2,107), and January (2,162). The months with the least recorded index crimes
were during June (766) and August (787) –see Figure 2.5.78.
In 2018 alone, index crimes were recorded high during the first quarter with 117 crimes in
January, 80 crimes in February, and 72 crimes in March. As to the average crime volume, the rate
has been decreasing for the last four years from 88.56% in 2015 to 46.08% in 2018 - see Table
2.5.52.

Figure 2.5.78 Total Index and Non-Index Crime by Month, South Cotabato, 2014-2018
3,000
2,585
2,500 2,322 2,286
2,162 2,224
2,121 2,058 2,105 2,107
1,945 2,006
1,930
2,000
1,500
1,023 950 964

1,000 879 858 846 856
793 793 790 766 787
500
-
Septemb Novembe Decembe
January February March April May June July August October
er r r
IC 1,023 793 879 793 790 766 950 787 858 846 856 964
NIC 2,162 1,945 2,121 2,006 2,058 1,930 2,224 2,322 2,105 2,286 2,107 2,585
Table 2.5.52 Comparative Crime Statistics By Month, South Cotabato, 2014-2018

Total Index Crime Total Non-Index Crime Average Monthly Crime Volume
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
January 257 213 260 176 117 332 485 508 458 379 67.92 78.26 82.93 68.46 53.56
February 166 179 205 163 80 277 458 502 353 355 51.08 71.42 76.34 55.72 46.97
March 194 231 224 158 72 352 570 444 397 358 62.96 89.81 72.13 59.93 46.43
April 222 185 169 151 66 361 496 475 367 307 67.22 76.36 69.54 55.93 40.28
May 224 190 173 141 62 416 525 435 398 284 73.80 80.17 65.65 58.20 37.36
June 184 214 193 123 52 327 495 434 389 285 58.92 79.49 67.70 55.29 36.39
July 250 254 204 177 65 399 618 495 366 346 74.83 97.77 75.48 58.63 44.38
August 235 194 164 152 42 425 630 461 401 405 76.10 92.39 67.49 59.71 48.27
September 246 274 140 141 57 355 586 417 378 369 69.30 96.43 60.15 56.04 46.00
October 204 268 152 171 51 413 668 458 376 371 71.14 104.95 65.87 59.07 45.57
November 220 255 176 151 54 416 579 394 363 355 73.34 93.51 61.55 55.50 44.16
December 251 279 196 169 69 539 632 457 437 520 91.09 102.14 70.51 65.44 63.60
TOTAL 2,653 2,736 2,256 1,873 787 4,612 6,742 5,480 4,683 4,334 69.81 88.56 69.61 58.99 46.08
Among the city and municipalities, Koronadal City has the highest index crimes (3,468) and
non-index crimes (11,129) for 5 consecutive years (2014-2018). This maybe attributable to
urbanization considering that Koronadal City is an urban center and the administrative seat of
South Cotabato. Polomolok comes next with 2,314 index crimes and 5,686 non-index crimes, then
followed by Surallah (1,298 index crimes and 2,157 non-index crimes), Tupi (703 index crimes and
1,419 non-index crimes), Banga (412 index crimes and 849 non-index crimes), Tantangan (392
index crimes and 1,238 non-index crimes), Sto. Niño (383 index crimes and 843 non-index crimes),
Lake Sebu (367 index crimes and 729 non-index crimes), Tboli (360 index crimes and 452 non-
index crimes),
Tampakan (352 index crimes and 525 non-index crimes), and Norala (261 index crimes and
620 non-index crimes) - see Figure 2.5.79 and Table 2.5.53.

Figure 2.5.79 Total Index and Non-Index Crime by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2014-2018
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
-
Koronadal
Banga Lake Sebu Norala Polomolok Sto.Niño Surallah Tampakan Tantangan Tboli Tupi
City
IC 412 367 3,468 261 2,314 383 1,298 352 392 360 703
NIC 849 729 11,129 620 5,686 843 2,157 525 1,238 452 1,419
Table 2.5.53 Comparative Crime Statistics by Municipality, South Cotabato, 2014-2018

City/ Total Index Crime Total Non-Index Crime Average Monthly Crime Volume
Municipality 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Banga 151 91 79 59 32 274 205 66 89 215 41.86 29.97 14.14 14.43 24.08
Lake Sebu 82 113 75 60 37 209 199 137 67 117 28.89 31.66 20.72 12.41 15.05
Norala 98 75 38 23 27 195 161 114 75 75 54.25 40.87 25.35 16.34 46.03
Polomolok 692 719 475 237 191 881 1461 1233 1075 1036 92.23 123.53 91.94 70.36 66.05
Sto. Niño 103 112 86 65 17 152 147 115 132 297 49.33 50.38 37.65 36.90 58.82
Surallah 406 370 265 167 90 448 646 448 356 259 99.32 103.28 69.80 51.20 34.17
Tampakan 135 82 67 46 22 136 111 102 88 88 54.90 41.15 34.70 27.51 22.58
Tantangan 89 127 85 63 28 288 323 281 185 161 81.49 85.96 67.33 45.62 34.77
Tboli 87 150 53 40 30 69 115 44 44 180 14.32 25.87 9.12 7.90 19.74
Tupi 241 215 79 82 86 352 505 196 190 176 78.80 89.98 33.10 32.74 31.53
Koronadal
569 682 954 1036 227 1608 2839 2,744 2382 1556 110.85 171.94 173.91 160.75 83.85
City
TOTAL 2,653 2,736 2,256 1873 787 4,612 6,742 5,480 4,683 4334 69.81 88.56 69.61 58.99 46.08
Crime Solution Efficiency Rate
The crime solution efficiency rate of South Cotabato has significantly increased from
48.86% in 2017 to 81.62% in 2018. Crime solution rates in the past 4 years were recorded at
48.48% (2014), 44.65% (2015), 36.19% (2016), and 48.86% (2017) - see Table 2.5.54. In terms of
crime solution by month, the highest rate of 54.79% was recorded in July of 2014, 55.46% in
August of 2015, 47.68% in August of 2016, 54.67% in November of 2017, and 90.16% in August of
2018 (Figure 2.5.80 and Table 2.5.54).
Based on the data, the police force need to be more consistent with their
performance in order to sustain the decrease in crime rates and increase in crime
solution for the succeeding years.

Figure 2.5.80 Crime Solution Efficiency Rate by Month, South Cotabato, 2014-2018
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2014 47.79 43.21 47.82 54.47 52.3 54.79 44.84 49.39 48.35 52.03 44.5 42.78
2015 49.86 49.14 54.31 52.13 55.24 50.78 47.25 55.46 53.14 31.84 23.14 22.94
2016 27.08 27.86 30.24 29.04 26.15 30.46 41.49 47.68 42.01 47.54 43.68 45.18
2017 43.22 43.22 44.5 42.08 50.46 49.22 51.93 53.71 51.25 47.71 54.67 54.46
2018 66.33 74.48 81.16 84.45 81.79 83.38 77.86 90.16 85.21 85.55 83.62 86.59
Table 2.5.54 Comparative Crime Statistics by Month, South Cotabato, 2014-2018

Total Number of Crime Solved Crime Solution Efficiency Rate
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
January 285 348 208 274 329 47.79 49.86 27.08 43.22 66.33
February 196 313 197 223 324 43.21 49.14 27.86 43.22 74.48
March 271 435 202 247 349 47.82 54.31 30.24 44.50 81.16
April 318 355 187 218 315 54.47 52.13 29.04 42.08 84.45
May 324 395 159 272 283 52.30 55.24 26.15 50.46 81.79
June 285 360 191 252 281 54.79 50.78 30.46 49.22 83.38
July 291 412 290 282 320 44.84 47.25 41.49 51.93 77.86
August 326 457 298 297 403 49.39 55.46 47.68 53.71 90.16
September 304 457 234 266 363 48.35 53.14 42.01 51.25 85.21
October 321 298 290 261 361 52.03 31.84 47.54 47.71 85.55
November 287 193 249 281 342 44.50 23.14 43.68 54.67 83.62
December 314 209 295 330 510 42.78 22.94 45.18 54.46 86.59
TOTAL/
3,522 4,232 2,800 3,203 4180 48.48 44.65 36.19 48.86 81.62
AVERAGE
In terms of the highest crime solution rate achieved by area per year, Tupi recorded the highest
rate of 61.21% in 2014, Polomolok attained 59.82% in 2015, 65.34% in 2016, and 75.67% in 2017.
In 2018, Norala posted the highest crime solution efficiency rate of 94.93% - see Figure 2.5.81.
Among the LGUs, only Polomolok
posted an increasing trend of The good performance in crime solution maybe
crime solution efficiency rate for 5 attributable to the strong support of the local
straight years 2014-2018. Further, government units to the local police force and
it can be observed that the rates the active participation of the community in
significantly increased in 2018 for peace and order efforts.
all component LGUs.

Figure 2.5.81 Crime Solution Efficiency Rate by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2014-2018
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Koroandal
Banga Lake Sebu Norala Polomolok Sto.Niño Surallah Tampakan Tantangan Tboli Tupi
City
2014 51.76 58.76 44.03 57.53 57.25 43.33 34.32 57.82 49.36 61.21 38.13
2015 39.53 42.63 47.88 59.82 51.35 56.2 30.57 53.33 15.09 51.53 32.18
2016 26.21 18.87 21.05 65.34 32.34 54.7 39.05 32.24 39.18 47.64 20.71
2017 40.54 29.13 56.12 75.67 51.27 64.24 43.28 43.15 66.67 51.84 37.13
2018 87.04 69.48 94.93 81.58 86.94 81.09 74.55 74.6 90.95 66.79 81.32
Table 2.5.55 Comparative Crime Statistics by Municipality/City, South Cotabato, 2014-2018

Total Number of Crime Solved Crime Solution Efficiency Rate
City/Municipality
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Banga 220 117 38 60 215 51.76 39.53 26.21 40.54 87.04
Lake Sebu 171 133 40 37 107 58.76 42.63 18.87 29.13 69.48
Norala 129 113 32 55 262 44.03 47.88 21.05 56.12 94.93
Polomolok 905 1322 1116 989 1001 57.53 59.82 65.34 75.67 81.58
Sto. Niño 146 133 65 95 273 57.25 51.35 32.34 51.27 86.94
Surallah 370 571 390 336 283 43.33 56.20 54.70 64.24 81.09
Tampakan 93 59 66 58 82 34.32 30.57 39.05 43.28 74.55
Tantangan 218 240 118 107 141 57.82 53.33 32.24 43.15 74.60
Tboli 77 40 38 56 191 49.36 15.09 39.18 66.67 90.95
Tupi 363 371 131 141 175 61.21 51.53 47.64 51.84 66.79
Koronadal City 830 1133 766 1269 1450 38.13 32.18 20.71 37.13 81.32
TOTAL/AVERAGE 3522 4232 2800 3203 4180 48.48 44.65 36.19 48.86 81.62
Jail Guard-to-Inmate Population Ratio
The South Cotabato Rehabilitation and Detention Center (SCRDC) is a jail facility owned,
managed and operated by the provincial government. The current jail congestion rate in the
SCRDC is more than 100% which bloated since 2016 due to the aggressive campaign of the
government against illegal drugs. Thus, the SCRDC is challenged not only in terms of facilities but
also personnel/jail guards to watch over SCRDC and the inmates. The inadequacy of jail guards is
targeted to be improved from the current ratio of 1:30 to (1) jail guard per eight (8) inmates.

Fire Protection Services
The number of firemen in the province shows an increasing trend for 6 years (Figure2.5.82). In
2018, Koronadal City has the most number of firemen at 60, followed by Polomolok (24), Tupi (17),
Surallah (16), Sto. Niño and Tantangan (15), Tboli (14), Tampakan (13), Lake Sebu (12), Banga
(11), and Norala(10). The city has three (3) available and serviceable fire trucks. Although, both the
number of firemen and firetrucks are projected to increase, the province has not yet achieved the
standard ratio of 1 fireman per 2,000 population since the current ratio is pegged at 1:4,473.
Figure 2.5.82Number of Firemen and Firetrucks, South Cotabato, 2013-2018

250
207
200 185 186
158 160
150 136
100
50
25 25 22
17 18 16
0
Number of Firemen-South Cotabato Number of Firetruck-South Cotabato
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Source: Bureau of Fire Protection/ Office of the Provincial Fire Marshall
Table 2.5.56 Number of Firemen and Firetrucks per Municipality, South Cotabato, 2013-2018
City/ Number of Firemen Number of Fire Trucks

Municipality 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Banga 10 12 12 14 11 11 1 1 1 1 1 1
Lake Sebu 7 9 10 10 9 12 1 1 1 1 1 1
Norala 10 11 10 11 9 10 1 1 1 1 1 1
Polomolok 19 19 17 21 23 24 2 2 2 3 3 3
Sto. Niño 10 14 10 14 17 15 1 1 1 2 2 2
Surallah 11 13 16 14 18 16 2 2 2 2 2 2
Tampakan 10 10 11 11 12 13 1 1 1 1 1 1
Tantangan 10 10 13 17 16 15 1 1 1 3 3 1
Tboli 8 11 10 12 15 14 1 1 1 2 2 2
Tupi 12 13 14 14 17 17 1 1 1 2 2 2
Koronadal City 29 36 37 44 39 60 5 6 4 7 7 6
TOTAL 136 158 160 185 186 207 17 18 16 25 25 22
Source: Bureau of Fire Protection/ Office of the Provincial Fire Marshall

Map 2.5.18 Protective Services (Fire Station)
Source: PPDO, 2020
Map 2.5.19 Protective Services (Police Station)
Source: PPDO, 2020

2.5.2.8 Culture and Arts Development
Acknowledging that South Cotabato is rich

in culture and the arts can be manifested in the According to UNESCO (2012)1, the
vibrancy of festivals and the participation of “cultural heritage, cultural and
local talents being tapped to handle important creative industries, sustainable
events in the province. It can also be cultural tourism and cultural
attributable to the active support of the infrastructure can serve as strategic
provincial government in several culture and tools for revenue generation,
arts initiatives/programs, projects and activities particularly in developing countries
as South Cotabato’s counterpart in enriching
given their often-rich cultural heritage
Filipino cultural heritage and preserving the
and substantial labour force.”
identity and history of the province and its
inhabitants.
In realizing this goal, South Cotabato Culture and Arts Foundation, Inc. (SCCAFI) – a private
led organization was established in 1999 to support the provincial local government in its goal to
promote, preserve and develop the arts, culture and museum development in the province as
mandated by law. However, with the improvement of local governance in 2017 as stipulated in
Memorandum Circular No. 2017-133 of the Department of the Interior and Local Government,
LGUs are directed to create a Local Culture and Arts Council – a body created to plan, oversee and
implement programs on local cultural heritage and arts protection, preservation and promotion.
In line with the thrust of the Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022 to promote Philippine
Culture and Values and the implementation of the National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009 [R.A.
10066], South Cotabato institutionalized the creation of the Local Culture and Arts Council (LCAC)
– a government led body headed by the local chief executive by virtue of E.O. 2018-45A, with the
Arts, Culture, Tourism and Museum Development Office acting as Secretariat.
The current limitations in the culture and arts sector include but not limited to inventory of both
tangible (people, properties) and intangible (cultural beliefs, ways, norms, music, dances, chants,
etc.) cultural assets and cultural heritage in the province.
Inventory of Culture and Arts Groups/Local Artists
Accordingly, there are eight (8) pillars of arts - dance, music, visual arts, literature, allied arts,
theater, cinema, architecture, and indigenous arts. Among the pillars, dance is the most popular
and visible in South Cotabato and may be classified into cultural, hiphop/popular, modern
contemporary, and ballroom/dancesports. Music, on the other hand, is divided into individual,
choral group, drum and lyre/bugle, and bands. Visual arts cover fashion design, painting,
cosmetology, and styling, among others. Indigenous arts include weaving and brass-casting.
Dance
As illustrated in Figure 2.5.83 and Table 2.5.57, South Cotabato shows a decreasing trend on
the number of community or school-based dance groups in the province since 2012 to 2017 data.
The decreasing trend maybe attributable to lack of support of the local government on this sector in
terms of socio-economic development. Aside from being a dancer/stage performer, an artist would
evolve as choreographers, script writer, stage managers, artistic staff or directors (artistic director,
musical director, stage director, lights director, etc.). These artists serve as pillars of the
entertainment industry especially during festivals and important events and gatherings conducted
or hosted by the province. The province has a total of 30 accredited choreographers (2012).
Figure 2.5.83Number of Local Culture and Arts Groups (Dance), South Cotabato, 2012, 2018
14 13
12
12
10
10 9
8
6
6 5
4
2
2 1
0
Cultural Hip Hop/Popular Modern Contemporary Team Ballroom / Dance Sports
2012 12 13 2 6
2017 9 10 1 5
Source: PGO-ACTM Unit
Table 2.5.57 Inventory of Culture and Arts Groups / Local Artists (Dance) in South Cotabato, 2012 and 2018
Dance Name of Organization No Name of Organization
No.
Categories (2012) . (2018)
Koronadal City
1 Hinugyaw Cultural Dance Troupe 1 Hinugyaw Cultural Dance Troupe
2 Medal KolonDatal Dance and Theatre Ensemble 2 Medal KolonDatal Dance and Theatre Ensemble
3 Kariktan Dance Troupe 3 Kariktan Dance Troupe
4 DepEd South Cotabato Chapter of Philippine Folk Dance 4 DepEd South Cotabato Chapter of Philippine Folk Dance
Society Society
Lake Sebu
Cultural 1 Helobung Dance Troupe 1 Helobung Dance Troupe
2 Keheligal Cultural Dance Troupe 2 Keheligal Cultural Dance Troupe
3 LibunHulungMatul Dance Troupe 3 LibunHulungMatul Dance Troupe
4 Lem-ehek Highschool Dance Troupe 4 Lem-ehek Highschool Dance Troupe
5 Lem-ehek Elementary Dance Troupe 5 Lem-ehek Elementary Dance Troupe
6 School of Living Traditions Dance Troupe
7 Kenhulung Dance Troupe
8 T'nalak Ensemble (SCMSI College)
Koronadal City
1 Ground Zero 1 Ground Zero
2 Xtreme Dancers 2 Xtreme Dancers
3 Marist Street 3 Marist Street
4 Marist Movers 4 Marist Movers
5 Ground Xhibit,
6 D’murayaw Dance Troupe
Hip Hop/ Popular 7 Cyber Crew
Lake Sebu
1 Lake Sebu National Highschool 1 Lake Sebu National Highschool
2 Maculan National Highschool 2 Maculan National Highschool
3 SCMSI Dekolon Highschool 3 SCMSI Dekolon Highschool
4 SCMSI Lem-ehek Highschool 4 SCMSI Lem-ehek Highschool
5 SCMSI College 5 SCMSI College
6 Dekolon Highschool Dance Troupe 6 Dekolon Highschool Dance Troupe
Modern
Koronadal City
Contemporary
1 Ground Zero 1 Ground Zero
2 Kahayag Community Dance and Theatre Company
Ballroom Dance Koronadal City
Sports 1 NDMU Dance Sports Varsity 1 NDMU Dance Sports Varsity

Dance Name of Organization No Name of Organization
No.
Categories (2012) . (2018)
2 South Cotabato Dance Sports Council 2 South Cotabato Dance Sports Council
3 Koronadal Ballroom Enthusiasts 3 Koronadal Ballroom Enthusiasts
4 Bo.5 Dance Group
Lake Sebu
1 Lake Sebu National Highschool 1 Lake Sebu National Highschool
2 Maculan National Highschool 2 Maculan National Highschool
Music
In terms of music, data on choral groups decreased by 1 from 2012 to 2018. These choral
groups are found in Koronadal City with various members categorized as students, government
employees, members of religious organizations /churches, teachers and private individuals. A
Rondalla group was also established in the province composed mostly of primary pupils in
response to the call of harnessing the local skills and talents in terms of playing traditional and non-
traditional musical instruments. The drum and lyre/bugle groups (15)and bands (4) maintained their
number since 2012. This maybe attributable to the active support of different institutions since drum
and lyre/bugle groups are school-based, while band group members are mostly professionals.
Conductors also emerge from this pool of music-related groups with a record of 20
conductors/conductress in 2011.
The choir members and conductors of different musical groups have participated in various
workshops and consultative trainings to different international award-winning music groups in the
country such as the Philippine Madrigal Singers, The Company, Ryan Cayabyab and other
personalities. Also, in order to improve the performances of singers/musicians/conductors, groups
joined several competitions and training both in the national and international arena to help improve
the music industry in the province. Likewise included in the music industry are those who offer
technical services to music like the audio/sound systems. The Billones family dominated these
services in the past providing music during “Disco sa Kalye” in celebration of local festivals.
However, with modernization, which means better facilities, many entrepreneurs ventured in this
business, thus providing state of the art effects on musicality.
Figure 2.5.84 Number of Local Culture and Arts Groups (Music), South Cotabato, 2012, 2018
16 15 15 15
14
14
12
10
8
6
4 4
4
2 1
0
0
Choral Groups Drum & Lyre/Bugle Bands Rondalla
2012 15 15 4 0
2017 14 15 4 1

Table 2.5.58 Number of Culture and Arts Group/ Local Artists (Music) in South Cotabato, 2012 and 2018
Music
No. Name of Organization (2012) No. Name of Organization (2018)
Categories
Koronadal City
1 South Cotabato Chorale 1 South Cotabato Chorale
2 SOCOTECO Choir 2 SOCOTECO Choir
3 City Choir 3 City Choir
4 KNCHS Choral Group 4 KNCHS Choral Group
5 TinigMarista 5 TinigMarista
6 Tambuli Singers 6 Tambuli Singers
7 Knights of Columbus Choir 7 Knights of Columbus Choir
Choral Groups
8 PREX Choir 8 PREX Choir
9 Couples For Christ Choir 9 Couples For Christ Choir
10 Capital Alliance Choir 10 Capital Alliance Choir
11 NDSSM Choir 11 NDSSM Choir
12 SDA Choir 12 SDA Choir
13 South Cotabato Division Choral 13 South Cotabato Division Choral
14 Koro Koronadaleneo 14 Dreamweavers Choir
15 South Cotabato Chamber Singers
Koronadal City
1 KSES Band and Bugle 1 KSES Band and Bugle
2 NDSSM Band and Bugle 2 NDSSM Band and Bugle
3 Koronadal City Band 3 Koronadal City Band
Lake Sebu
4 SCMSI - Lem-ehek Elementary School 4 SCMSI - Lem-ehek Elementary School
5 Central Elementary School 5 Central Elementary School
6 Diente Elementary School, 6 Diente Elementary School
Drum & Lyre/
7 Luhib Elementary School 7 Luhib Elementary School
Bugle
8 Lamdalag Elementary School 8 Lamdalag Elementary School
9 Talisay Elementary School 9 Talisay Elementary School
10 Lamfugon Elementary School 10 Lamfugon Elementary School
11 Ned High School (Kibang) 11 Ned High School (Kibang)
12 Lake Sebu National HS 12 Lake Sebu National HS
13 Maculan National HS 13 Maculan National HS
14 SCMSI Dekolon HS 14 SCMSI Dekolon HS
15 SCMSI Lem-ehek HS 15 SCMSI Lem-ehek HS
Koronadal City
1 Chiz Balls 1 Chiz Balls
2 Firefly Band 2 Firefly Band
Bands
3 Samahan ng mga Musikero ng Timog 3 Samahan ng mga Musikero ng Timog Kutabato
Kutabato 4 Koronadal Band
4 Koronadal Band
Rondalla Koronadal City
0 1 South Cotabato Rondalla
Visual Arts
The visual arts group in the province are the Marbel Artist Association, Koronadal Visual
Artists, and Ko’Gon. Aside from the visual arts group, Aton Art - an existing association with 80
visual artists composed of painters, fashion designers and sculptors are thriving in the province. In
the previous years, the association was able to exhibit works of painters in a public space
(overpass) and also organized workshops and interactions with master painters. For decades,
these artists survived without much of recognition and support from the local governments of the
province, city and municipalities. However, their talents have been used silently by different
organizations especially for events and festivals - during float competitions, props/back drops
during street dancing competitions and even in political agenda - effigy of political leaders. The

modern visual artists include those who use technology in their masterpieces and their services are
being hired for commercial use or consumption. Modern visual artists include lay-out artists for
tarpaulins, cake decorators, florists, and make-up artists.
Theater
Currently, there are two (2) theatre groups in the province namely Apat sa Taglamig Stage
Productions and NDMU Sulyap. These groups, particularly the Apat sa Taglamig Stage
Productions has been steadfast in the development of arts in the province mainly the theatre arts.
In 2010, SCCAFI organized the Committee on Letters and Theatre Arts and has conducted
scriptwriting and production management workshops, and staged “Tik-Op”, a One-Act Play
competition among secondary schools in the province featuring originally written and directed
plays. Under this sub-sector, it is envisioned to establish a “Cultural Communities Research Center
and E-Library in Museum Paradigm”, organize and develop Traditional Arts Committee, and
promote the creative industry products by creating research teams/cultural workers to identify
viable potentials such as the Linan Project which has established partnerships with stakeholders on
tourism, environment, culture, nature and wildlife conservation.
Cinema
In 2012, South Cotabato has identified emerging groups in terms of cinema production - the
Ambient and CineMarbel Productions. Data on the operations of these 2 groups were unrecorded.
Indigenous Art
The South Cotabato indigenous arts are deeply tied to the culture of Tboli tribe that has long
been existing in the hinterlands of Lake Sebu and Tboli. Their art is primarily expressed in the
Tnalak cloth –the most famous art works of the tribe. Their ingenuity has been passed through
generations depicted in the dreams of the selected one – the dreamweaver. The National
Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) has awarded Lang Dulay -the first Tboli traditional
artist and a South Cotabateño with the Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan. The award was given to Lang
Dulay in recognition for her unwavering effort in the preservation of the Tboli culture through the
expression of traditional arts. Along with Tnalak cloth weaving, other indigenous arts in the province
from the Tboli culture include Langgong (wood carving), handloom weaving, embroidery, kenhulung
(beadworks).
Inventory of Socio-Cultural Activities
In line with the commemoration of its foundation anniversary every 18th of July, South Cotabato
also celebrates T’nalak Festival in the same month. The festival is highly inspired by the T’nalak
fabric depicting the unique patterns only revealed in dreams ofTboli women rightly called “the
dreamweavers”. Other festivals and celebrations in the city and municipalities reflecting the
different culture of their hometown are shown in Table 2.5.59.
In support to the mandates of the national government, other socio-cultural activities being
celebrated in the province include theNational Arts Month (February), National Indigenous Peoples
Month (October) and National Heritage Month (15th September - 15th October).

Table 2.5.59 List of Foundation Anniversaries and Patronal Fiestas in South Cotabato, 2018
Foundation Anniversaries and Patronal Fiestas
1 Hinugyaw Festival
City of Koronadal
2 Negosyo Festival
1 Helobung Festival (Lake Sebu Foundation Anniversary) Lemlunay Festival (Santa Cruz Mission)
Lake Sebu
2 St. John The Baptist (Patronal Fiesta)
Surallah 1 Kasadyahan Festival
Norala 1 Kamayadan Festival
Sto. Niño 1 Hinublag Festival
Banga 1 Pasundayag Festival
Tboli 1 Seslong Festival
Polomolok 1 Flomlok Festival
1 Agten Tufi
Tupi 2 Kariton Festival
3 Amyak Maleh
Tantangan 1 Kulitangtang Festival
Tampakan 1 Lum-Alay Festival
1 T’nalak Festival and Foundation Anniversary
South Cotabato
2 Kawayan Festival
Inventory of Cultural Heritage Sites, Monuments, Museums
The rich cultural heritage, cultural sites and monuments in South Cotabato are credited to the
Tbolis and other indigenous peoples (IPs) who have thrived even before the resettlement years.
While Lake Sebu and Tboli are areas that are highly populated with IPs, these places and
other municipalities in the province can be visited for the traditional cultural experience such as the
indigenous houses (Lake Sebu and Tboli), Lake Sebu Cultural Village, Tboli Museum (house of
gongs), South Cotabato Community Museum (Koronadal City), Tantoco Memorial Hall (Koronadal
City), Tri-people Cultural Landmark (Surallah), and the Filipino-Japanese Memorial Shrine (Tupi) ;
wearing of costumes and accessories (Lake Sebu and Tboli), cruising across the lakes with an
authentic canoe made from a hollowed tree trunk (Lake Sebu), and pottery-making (Tantangan)-
see Table2.5.60.
Table 2.5.60 Cultural Heritage Sites, Monuments and Museums, 2018

Location Description of Heritage Site
Mindanao is known for its colourful indigenous cultural
Presence of Indigenous People traditions and natural resources. The indigenous peoples
1
(IP) of the T’boli and Ubo tribes make up 55 per cent of Lake
Sebu’s population.
T’nalak is a sacred cloth woven by the T'boli people in
T’nalak Weaving, Indigenous communities around Lake Sebu. Traditionally made by
2 Houses, Costumes and Lake Sebu, South Cotabato women of royal blood, thousands of patterns that
Accessories reference folklore and stories are known to the T’boli
women by memory.
The T'boli Museum houses a collection of antiques and
Sitio Tokufol, Barangay
Lake Sebu Cultural Village and artifacts in a building patterned from a traditional T'boli
Poblacion, Sitio Tokufol Rd,
3 Tboli Museum – House of house. On display are musical instruments, native
Lake Sebu, 9512 Timog
Gongs clothing, brass scuptures, jewelry and adornments, and
Cotabato
photographs.
Owong, also spelled owung, are traditional small dugout
Canoe made from hollowed
canoes of the T'boli people which is traditionally made
4 tree trunk – cruising across the
from the hollowed out trunks of lawaan .It is propelled by
lakes
paddling and is used by the T'boli people for fishing and
Location Description of Heritage Site
transport.
South Cotabato Community Museum houses items such
Artifacts and indigenous arts
as metal wares from indigenous groups and technological
displayed at the South Koronadal City, South
5 artifacts from the early 1900s, there are even a few
Cotabato Community Museum Cotabato
interesting pieces from famous historical figures such as a
and Tantoco Memorial Hall
pair of boots owned by Gen.
An artwork by acclaimed Mindanao sculpture Kublai
Tri-people Cultural Landmark
Ponce Millan, the landmark was unveiled last March 15,
6 right at the heart of the town of Surallah, South Cotabato
2011. It gives tribute to the tri-people living in the area -
Surallah
the T'bolis, Muslims and the Christian settlers.
Tantangan is dubbed as the Pottery Capital of South
Cotabato. The town is known for its clay (white clay)
which is suited for ceramic products. With a bit of sweat
and coupled with hardwork, the potters of Tantangan
7 Pottery-making in Tantangan Tantangan, South Cotabato make money literally from earth. Using clay, they
transform it into something wonderful and useful.
Tantangan is noted for its clay (white clay) which is suited
for ceramic products, brick making, pottery, artworks, and
clay blocks for construction materials.
Filipino-Japanese Memorial It wasnstructed with the assistance of the Manzo Hango,
Shrine – a cultural heritage Noron Hillside, Tupi, South a member of the Japanese Imperial Army assigned in
8
relating to history located in Cotabato Tupi during World War II
Tupi
2.5.2.9 Sports Development
Under Section 17, Article II of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, the state shall give
priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture, and sports to foster
patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human
liberation and development”. To become healthy, productive and well-developed
citizens, every South Cotabateño regardless of age must engage in sports
activities to be able to contribute to the holistic growth of the populace.
In the previous years (2014 and earlier) South Cotabato has various sports organizations in the
field of swimming, taekwondo, football, golf and basketball. These include the Sea Lions Swimming
Club, Inc., South Cotabato Swimming Association, Aqua Valley Gliders Swimming Club, Philippine
Taekwondo Association-South Cotabato Chapter, Football Association of South Cotabato
(FASCO), Philippine Karatedo-South Cotabato Chapter, South Cotabato Golf Club, Socodarts, Inc.,
South Cotabato Track and Field Association, South Cotabato Billiards Association, South Cotabato
Track and Field Association, South Cotabato Cheerleading Association, South Cotabato Table
Tennis Association, and Basketball Association of the Philippines (BAP)-South Cotabato Chapter.
However, due to inadequate support from the local government units in providing access and
venue for these sports club or group to progress from a local group to producing internationally
qualified technical athletes, only few athletes from South Cotabato had reached the national and
international arena. Further, Table 2.5.61lists down the individuals who excelled in athletic
competitions and received awards and recognitions in the field of long jump and long-distance run.
A complete list/inventory of all athletes in the province who gave recognition to South
Cotabato, a permanent office and staff to plan, oversee, implement and monitor the programs,
projects and activities relative to sports, financial support are among the limitations that hinder the
sports development in the province.
Table2.5.61 List of Athletes with National Distinctions in Batang Pinoy National in September 2018 in Baguio City, South
Cotabato, 2018
Name of Athletes Name of Athletic Competition Award / Recognition
1. Adrian Bosabica Dance Sports Gold Medal
2. Barbie Menguillo Dance Sports Gold Medal
3. Chloe Charisse Manatad Dance Sports Silver Medal
4. David Angelo Non Dance Sports Gold Medal
5. Shiela Mae Salve Dance Sports Gold Medal
6. Ana Marie Arano Athletics Silver Medal
7. Xylean Gayle Mariano Athletics Gold Medal
8. Diane Taranza Athletics Gold Medal
9. Vonn Hector Laude Swimming Silver Medal
10. Sophia Janet Pormilos Swimming Silver Medal
11. Aya Kate Lagarto Swimming Silver Medal
12. Grace Gaton Athletics Gold Medal
Source: PGO-Sports Development Unit

2.6 TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES
Infrastructure refers to those assets that link the individual consumer (household) and producer
(firm) to the economy at large. These are the facilities and services which individual households
and businesses cannot operate economically on their own, hence, are normally provided by the
public sector.
Technical Infrastructure, on the other hand, is a form of material infrastructure which forms
part of the physical capital stock of an economy used as basic input into productive
activities such as telecommunication, energy, water, power and sewage equipment and
structures.
Technical infrastructure is considered as the backbone that supports both the physical and
functional integration of settlements. The state of infrastructure is one measure that determines the
level of economic development of an area, as well as its level of resiliency to climate change and
disaster risks.
2.6.1. TRANSPORTATION, ACCESS AND CIRCULATION
This subsector describes the external and internal access routes, structures and facilities in the
province that ensure the interconnection and physical integration of its component territories, of
urban centers to rural centers, and of the province to its neighbouring areas in the region.
2.6.1.1 External Access Routes
The external linkages are access routes that connect the province to other provinces. South
Cotabato is a landlocked province but can be easily reached by land, sea and air access routes via
nearby cities. The existing national roads and bridges link the province to other provinces
throughout Mindanao Island, and to the rest of the regions in the country.
2.6.1.1.1 Land Access
The transport of people, goods and services in South Cotabato is done primarily through land
access route. The external land access route in the province is characterized by four major road
links and two (2) secondary national roads. The four primary arterial roads are the Midsayap-
Marbel Road, the Marbel-Makar Road, the Cotabato-Allah Valley-Marbel Road, and the Marbel-
Columbio Road. Symbolic landmarks indicating the boundaries can be seen while entering and
exiting the province. The secondary national roads are the Surallah-Lake Sebu-Maitum Road and
the Surallah-Tboli-Gensan (San Jose) Road. These roads link the province to other cities/provinces
in the region.
The south bound link is the Marbel-Makar Road which connects Koronadal City to General
Santos City with a distance of 60 kilometers and passing through the municipalities of Tupi and
Polomolok. The provincial boundary is between Barangay Glamang, Polomolok and Barangay
Apopong, General Santos City. This national road is under the supervision of the Department of
Public Works and Highways. Of the total distance, 15 kilometers from Koronadal City to Palian
Bridge in Tupi is maintained by DPWH South Cotabato Engineering District Office II, while the Sub-
engineering Office District I based in General Santos City is in charge of the remaining 45
kilometers from Palian, Tupi to Makar, General Santos City. Most of the roads in this route are

already widened into four lanes. This road connects the province to General Santos City and the
nearby Sarangani Province, Davao del Sur, Davao City, and the rest of the provinces in Mindanao.
The Marbel-Makar Road passes through settlement areas and dominant industries such as
agriculture, manufacturing, cottage industries, eco-tourism, fruit farms and plantations. Connected
to this highway is the Tupi-Tampakan Provincial Road linking the agricultural and mining town of
Tampakan to sea ports and airport of General Santos City.
The north bound link at the opposite direction is the Midsayap-Marbel Road, a national
highway linking South Cotabato to the province of Sultan Kudarat up to Cotabato City. The
boundary meets at Barangay Magon, Tantangan, South Cotabato and the City of Tacurong. This
route goes further connecting motorists to towns of Tulunan and Kabacan, Cotabato Province, and
onward to Cotabato City or Bukidnon and Cagayan de Oro City.
Westward is the Marbel–Cotabato Road, a national road that passes through Banga, Surallah,
Sto. Niño and Norala, where the road boundary cuts through Barangay Bambad, Isulan, Sultan
Kudarat. The traversed towns are where vast agriculture, cottage industries, and settlement areas
are expanding. The road also leads to Cotabato City, Lanao and Zamboanga provinces.
Going east is the Marbel–Columbio Road which connects the province to other municipalities
of Sultan Kudarat. The road section, which starts at Koronadal City and ends at the boundary of
Columbio, passes through villages of vast agricultural areas and potential settlement areas. A
national secondary road of strategic importance is the opening of Surallah-Lake Sebu-Maitum
Road, a rugged mountainous road that traverses large agriculture lands, major inland fishery and
eco-tourism sites. This road, when completed, will link Lake Sebu to the coastal town of Maitum in
Sarangani Province.
2.6.1.1.2 Air Access

Table 2.6.1 Air Access Routes by Location and Classification,
Region XII, 2013
The air access route is available
through General Santos City Name of Airport Location Classification
International Airport in General Santos Lebak Municipal Airport Lebak, Sultan Kudarat Municipal Airport
City after flying for 1 hour and 45 Kiamba Airport Kiamba, Sarangani Private Airport
minutes from Manila and 45 minutes Dole Airport Polomolok, South
Private Airport
Cotabato
from Cebu City. It is classified as a
Kenram Airport Isulan, Sultan Kudarat Private Airport
secondary international airport, with a
Awang Airport Awang, Maguindanao Domestic Airport
runway length of 3.2 kilometers and
General Santos City International
width of 45 meters constructed in a 600- International Airport General Santos City
Airport
hectare area. This facility connects the Source: RPFP 2004-2030
province and the region to Manila and
other parts of the world. Travel time going to the airport is just (1) hour from a distance of 70
kilometers from Koronadal City, the provincial capital. The airport is managed by the Civil Aviation
Authority of the Philippines, an attached agency under the Department of Transportation and
Communications. The air transport facility serves as carrier of passengers and goods coming in
and out of the province to either domestic or foreign destination. The passenger airline companies
that serve General Santos City International Airport are Cebu Pacific and Philippines Airlines. The
Pacific East Asia Cargo Airlines is the lone cargo company that serves the airport.
South Cotabato and nearby provinces can also be accessed through the Awang Airport in
Cotabato City and through Francisco Bangoy International Airport in Davao City. Awang Airport is
located about 172 kilometers away from Koronadal City. It is classified as a principal Class 1

domestic airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines. It has a runway length of 2.5
kilometers and a width of 45 meters. At present, Cebu Pacific and Philippine Airlines have daily
flights for Manila-Cotabato–Manila, while South East Asian Airlines flies from Cotabato to Cebu City
and Cotabato to Zamboanga City. Francisco Bangoy International Airport also known as Davao
International Airport is located about 204 kilometers away from Koronadal City. It has a single
3,000-meter long and 45-meter-wide runway that can handle basically all passenger wide-bodied
aircraft. The airport is served by all major airlines for both domestic and international flights like
Singapore. There are also private airports in the Region that cater to private and public entities.
2.6.1.1.1 Water Access
South Cotabato is also accessible by water transportation through the Makar Wharf in General
Santos City, which is categorized as an international port of entry. It presently caters to international
vessels from Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and Japan, as well as domestic cargo vessels. The
Makar Wharf in General Santos City is less than 2,000 kilometers away from Singapore and is the
country’s nearest port of entry from Australia. The wharf is about 58 kilometers from Koronadal
City. Other water transportation access is available through the Davao City, Cotabato City and
Cagayan De Oro City wharfs and seaports.
2.6.1.2 Internal Circulation
The internal circulation route is the road network system that connects the city/municipalities
within the province. Every city or municipality typically hosts public terminals that serve as the main
loading and unloading areas for passengers and goods, although, there are also strategic points
along national and rural roads for loading and unloading of goods and passengers. The capital of
South Cotabato, Koronadal City, links up to the various municipalities through this road pattern.
To go around the province, one access route is through the Allah Valley Road network, which
is the Marbel-Banga-Surallah-Sto. Niño-Norala Road where the national road boundary ends in
Bambad, Isulan for a total distance of 51 kilometers. A sub-arterial road connects Surallah to Tboli
with a distance of 19 kilometers, and Surallah to Lake Sebu with 28 kilometers. The nearby
municipality of Isulan and the Tacurong City can now be easily accessible through the Marbel-
Banga-Norala-Tacurong/Isulan roads. In the southern part, the Marbel-Tampakan route, which is
about 36 kilometers, links the town of Tampakan to the national highway going to Tupi.
The eastern part of the internal circulation route leads to Barangay Avanceña-San Jose,
Koronadal-Columbio boundary. This further circulates to Barangay Sto. Niño in Koronadal City that
eventually links up with the national road in the south bound access route. The internal route
passes existing irrigation facilities, post-harvest facilities, processing plants (rice mills & corn mills)
where vast lands for agriculture and forestry as well as social service facilities are located.
2.6.1.2.1 Roads
As of 2018, South Cotabato has registered a total road length of 4,123.155 kilometers. This
is composed of 228.34 kilometers of national road, 694.201 kilometers of provincial road, 438.80
kilometers of city/municipal road, and 2,761.814 kilometers of barangay road.
Table 2.6.2 Total Road Network by Classification, and Road Density by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
City/ Length of Roads (km) Total Length Land Area Road Density
Municipality National Provincial City/ Municipal Barangay (km) (sq.km.) (km/sq.km)
Polomolok 12.05 93.70 36.54 336.03 478.32 240.35 1.99
Tupi 26.04 82.60 120.19 447.29 676.12 284.25 2.38
Banga 91.05 14.90 38.00 142.00 285.95 891.38 0.32

City/ Length of Roads (km) Total Length Land Area Road Density
Municipality National Provincial City/ Municipal Barangay (km) (sq.km.) (km/sq.km)
Koronadal City 7.47 56.30 65.01 292.65 421.43 194.40 2.17
Lake Sebu 17.32 106.90 14.91 374.48 513.60 339.97 1.51
Norala 17.35 30.50 14.72 203.02 265.59 109.04 2.44
Sto. Niño 18.99 95.30 32.41 272.08 418.78 241.00 1.74
Surallah 63.80 5.76 207.42 276.97 242.50 1.14
Tampakan 20.24 47.40 23.40 165.20 256.24 126.00 2.03
Tboli 50.10 59.31 49.57 158.98 809.00 0.20
Tantangan 17.84 52.70 28.56 272.08 371.19 228.00 1.63
TOTAL 228.34 694.20 438.80 2,761.81 4,123.16 3,705.89 1.11
Source: DPWH South Cotabato and 2nd District, Provincial Engineer's Office, MPDO
Among the city and municipalities in the province, Sto. Niño has the highest road density of
2.44 km/sq.km; followed by Koronadal City with 2.38 km/sq.km.; and Norala with 2.17 km./sq.km.
The average road density of the province is 1.11 km./sq.km. with Lake Sebu and Tboli having the
least road density since these municipalities are located in mountainous areas where settlements
are scattered and road development is scarce and difficult.
In 2018, significant sections of the province’s road network are gravel and
earthfill with a total length of 2,364.072 (57%) and 1,034.602 (25%) kilometers,
respectively. Almost all barangay roads are under this category. About 15% or
624.849 kilometers are concreted while roughly 3% or 99.632 kilometers are asphalt
roads. Asphalt is only limited to national, provincial and municipal roads.
Table 2.6.3 Length of Roads by Classification and Surface Type, South Figure 2.6.1 Percentage (%) of Roads by
Cotabato, 2018 Surface Type, 2018
Type of Road Surface (in kilometer)
Administrative
Total
Classification Concrete Asphalt Gravel Earthfill
National 108.640 63.464 56.236 228.340

Provincial 266.086 28.408 399.707 694.201
Municipal 76.008 7.76 207.702 27.14 318.610
City 55.330 64.860 120.190
Barangay 118.785 1,635.57 1,007.46 2,761.814
TOTAL 624.849 99.632 2,364.072 1,034.602 4,123.155
Source: DPWH, PEO, MPDOs/CPDO
Source: DPWH, PEO, MPDOs/CPDO
Table 2.6.4 Length of National Roads by Surface Type per City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
Type of Surface (km)
City/ Municipality Total Length (km)
Concrete Asphalt Gravel Earthfill
Polomolok 11.01 6.31 17.32
Tupi 14.20 3.64 17.84
Banga 10.19 1.86 12.05
Koronadal City 9.29 16.75 26.04
Lake Sebu 33.76 1.05 56.24 91.05
Norala 0.08 7.38 7.47
Sto. Niño 0.00 17.35 17.35
Surallah 13.44 5.55 18.99
Tampakan
Tboli
Tantangan 16.67 3.57 20.24
TOTAL 108.64 63.46 56.24 228.34
Source: DPWH

About 108.64 kilometers (48%) of national roads are already concreted and 56.236 kilometers
(25%) are gravel type while, 63.464 kilometers (27%) are asphalt-overlaid. The gravel road section
is the newly opened Surallah-Lake Sebu-Maitum road and the Surallah-Tboli-Gensan (San Jose)
Road. Most of the national arterial roads, particularly the Marbel-Makar Road, the Cotabato-Marbel
Road, and the Midsayap-Marbel Road sections in the province are already widened into four-lane
highways.
Out of the total The funding provided by the national government

694.201 kilometers of under the Conditional Matching Grant for Provinces
provincial road, around (CMGP) program and the convergence program for
58% or 399.707 tourism roads and roads leading to industries has
kilometers have gravel
greatly helped in the upgrading of the provincial roads.
surface and only 42% or
A total of approximately 16 kilometers of provincial
294.494 kilometers are
roads were concreted through the CMGP program.
concreted and asphalted.
Table 2.6.5 Length of Provincial Roads by Surface Type per City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
Polomolok 42.97 3.40 60.54 106.90
Tupi 15.89 - 36.81 52.70
Banga 50.36 - 43.34 93.70
Koronadal City 54.47 3.21 24.92 82.60
Lake Sebu 1.50 - 13.40 14.90
Norala 27.69 - 28.61 56.30
Sto. Niño 9.75 - 20.75 30.50
Surallah 17.08 14.70 63.52 95.30
Tampakan 16.87 - 46.93 63.80
Tboli 18.86 7.10 24.14 50.10
Tantangan 10.65 - 36.75 47.40
TOTAL 266.09 28.41 399.71 694.20
Source: PEO
Table 2.6.6 Length of City/Municipal Roads by Surface Type per City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
Polomolok 14.91 14.91
Tupi 4.79 23.77 28.56
Banga 3.60 0.00 29.57 3.37 36.54
Koronadal City 55.33 64.86 120.19
Lake Sebu 13.46 24.54 38.00
Norala 8.24 0.06 56.71 65.01
Sto. Niño 14.72 14.72
Surallah 4.78 27.63 32.41
Tampakan 5.76 5.76
Tboli 2.55 7.70 49.06 59.31
Tantangan 3.20 20.20 23.40
TOTAL 131.34 7.76 272.56 27.14 438.80
Source: MPDOs/CPDO

The city/municipal roads in the province have a total length of 438.80 kilometers, of which
131.338 kilometers (30%) are concreted and 7.76 kilometers (2%) are asphalted. A greater portion
of the roads is gravelled and earthfilled with a total length of 272.562 kilometers (62%) and 27.14
kilometers (6%), respectively.
Barangay roads have a

total length of 2,761.814 The high percentage of unpaved barangay roads is
kilometers, wherein only due to the inadequate financial capacity of barangays for
118.785 kilometers (4%) are the upgrading of these roads. Barangays rely on the
concreted while 1,635.567 support given by the province, city and
kilometers (59%) are municipalities. Priority spending is given for the
gravelled and 1,007.462
upgrading of provincial, city and municipal roads as
kilometers (36%) are earthfill.
compared to barangay roads.
Table 2.6.7 Length of Barangay Roads by Surface Type per City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
Polomolok 17.33 272.04 85.11 374.48
Tupi 2.29 53.38 216.42 272.08
Banga 2.34 309.49 24.20 336.03
Koronadal City 72.62 374.67 - 447.29
Lake Sebu - 80.00 62.00 142.00
Norala 4.37 74.08 214.21 292.65
Sto. Niño 8.42 161.35 33.26 203.02
Surallah 2.29 53.38 216.42 272.08
Tampakan 5.92 45.64 155.86 207.42
Tboli 1.46 48.11 49.57
Tantangan 1.76 163.44 - 165.20
TOTAL 118.79 1,635.57 1,007.46 2,761.81
Source: MPDOs/CPDO

Map 2.6.1 Road Network Map, South Cotabato, 2018
Source: PPDO

2.6.1.2.1 Bridges
There are 28 bridges along national roads as of 2018 with a total length of 914.80 linear
meters (Table 2.6.8). About 26 bridges are concrete with a total length of 840.80 linear meters and
2 bridges are steel type with a total length of 74.00 linear meters. All bridges along national roads
are in good condition. Along provincial roads, there are a total of 181 bridges with a total length of
2,793.24 linear meters and all are in good condition (Table 2.6.9). About 89 of these are concrete
bridges with a total of 1,698.68 linear meters and 32 are steel bridges with a total length of 762.60
linear meters. There are also 60 box culverts with a total of 331.96 linear meters along provincial
roads.
Table 2.6.8 Inventory of Existing Bridges along National Roads by Type of Structure and Condition, 2018
Type of Structures Total
City/ Municipality Concrete Steel
No. (lm) C No. (lm) C No. (lm)
Banga 1 64.00 good 1 64.00
Koronadal 3 112.00 good 3 112.00
Lake Sebu 8 193.00 good 1 37.00 good 9 230.00
Norala
Polomolok 4 163.80 good 4 163.80
Sto. Niño
Surallah 4 179.00 good 1 37.00 good 5 216.00
Tampakan
Tantangan 4 61.00 good 4 61.00
Tboli
Tupi 2 68.00 good 2 68.00
TOTAL 26 840.80 2 74.00 26 914.80
Source: DPWH-South Cotabato Engineering District and DPWH-South Cotabato 2nd Engineering District
Note: C-Condition of Bridge, lm-linear meter
Table 2.6.9 Inventory of Existing Bridges along Provincial Roads by Type of Structure and Condition, 2018
Type of Structures
City/ Total
Concrete Steel Box Culvert
Municipality
No. (lm) C No. (lm) C No. (lm) C No. (lm)
Banga 17 249.5 Good 6 146 Good 7 40.12 Good 30 435.62
Koronadal 19 370 Good 3 48 Good 4 23.96 Good 26 441.96
Lake Sebu 1 3.56 Good 1 3.56
Norala 8 257.2 Good 2 10.36 Good 10 267.56
Polomolok 8 211 Good 5 105 Good 10 54.52 Good 23 370.52
Sto. Niño 5 45 Good 1 18 Good 3 17.16 Good 9 80.16
Surallah 11 342.3 Good 2 60.6 Good 12 59.68 Good 25 462.58
Tampakan 10 117 Good 5 136 Good 5 30.76 Good 20 283.76
Tantangan 7 66.68 Good 4 36 Good 2 13.6 Good 13 116.28
Tboli 2 23 Good 4 183 Good 11 61.88 Good 17 267.88
Tupi 2 17 Good 2 30 Good 3 16.36 Good 7 63.36
TOTAL 89 1,698.68 32 762.6 60 331.96 181 2,793.24
Source: PEO
There are 127 bridges that can be found along city/municipal roads in the province (Table
2.6.10). It has a total of 1,488.20 linear meters, excluding the length of bridges from Banga and

Polomolok wherein no data was provided for the length of bridges. There are 56 concrete bridges
with a total length of 381.40 linear meters, 33 steel bridges with a total length of 811 linear meters
and 1 bailey/timber bridge with a length of 20 linear meters. There are also 37 box culverts with a
total length of 275.80 linear meters. All bridges along city/municipal roads are in good condition.
Table 2.6.10 Inventory of Existing Bridges along City/Municipal Roads by Type of Structure and Condition, 2018
Type of Structures
City/ Total
Concrete Steel Bailey/ Timber Box Culvert
Municipality
No. (lm) C No. (lm) C No. (lm) C No. (lm) C No. (lm)
Banga 22 12 3 18.00 Good 37 18.00
Koronadal 10 93.40 Good 10 93.40
Lake Sebu 3 47.00 Good 3 176.00 Good 10 65.80 Good 16 288.80
Norala 6 42.00 Good 2 27.00 Good Good 8 69.00
Polomolok 8 3 8 19 0.00
Sto. Niño 3 28.00 Good 5 288.00 Good 8 316.00
Surallah 1 70.00 Good 2 60.00 Good 3 130.00
Tampakan 0 0.00
Tantangan 36.00 20.00 Good 0 56.00
Tboli 3 65.00 Good 6 260.00 Good 1 20.00 Good 9 102.00 Good 19 447.00
Tupi 7 70.00 Good 7 70.00
TOTAL 56 381.40 33 811.00 1 20.00 37 275.80 127 1,488.20
Source: MPDOs/CPDO
Along barangay roads, there are 224 bridges with a total length of 4,209.26 linear meters
(Table 2.6.11). Out of which, 96 are concrete (1,776.47 l.m.), 52 are steel type (1,721.04 l.m.), 4
are bailey/timber (155 l.m.) and 72 are box culverts (556.75 l.m.). There are no data on the
condition of these bridges.
Table 6.11 Inventory of Existing Bridges along Barangay Roads by Type of Structure and Condition, 2018
Type of Structures
City/ Total
Concrete Steel Bailey/ Timber Box Culvert
Municipality.
No. (lm) C No. (lm) C No. (lm) C No. (lm) C No. (lm)
Banga 9 222.00 10 227.80 2 95.00 3 18.00 24 562.80
Koronadal 13 184.50 3 90.00 16 274.50
Lake Sebu 5 66.00 3 152.00 9 64.00 17 282.00
Norala 9 255.00 3 45.00 2 15.00 14 315.00
Polomolok 8 3 8 19 0.00
Sto. Niño 7 102.00 5 282.00 10 54.00 22 438.00
Surallah 19 523.97 9 495.84 28 1,019.81
Tampakan 2 19.00 2 31.00 5 23.00 9 73.00
Tantangan 16 178.00 4 51.00 14 130.00 34 359.00
Tboli 4 56.00 6 270.00 2 60.00 6 82.00 18 468.00
Tupi 4 170.00 4 76.40 15 170.75 23 417.15
TOTAL 96 1,776.47 52 1,721.04 4 155.00 72 556.75 224 4,209.26
Source: C/MPDOs

2.6.1.3 Transportation Facilities
Transportation facilities ensure the effective interconnection of different transport modes and
services, and a seamless travel for the commuting public, transport of goods and access to
services.
2.6.1.3.1 Modes of Transportation
There are 3 bus companies and 19 transport groups operating in the province. Yellow Bus
Line, Inc. has the most number of bus units, followed by Husky Bus Company, and Mindanao Star
Company. The ATS Transport has the most number of vans serving the people in the province.
Table 2.6.12 Motor Vehicle Registration by Type and Classification, South Cotabato, 2014-2018
Type of Vehicle 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
PRIVATE
1 Car/Pick-up/Jeeps/SUV 34,666 36,826 43,092 41,861 50,303
2 Trucks 9,764 10,971 14,708 15,339 18,779
3 Buses 66 77 72 40 51
4 Motorcycles 27,153 30,950 25,858 29,761 37,346
5 Tricycles 4,399 5,680 7,589 8,977 10,681
6 Non Cony MC 0 0 12 9 23
7 Trailers 571 766 1,080 1,472 1,674
SUB-TOTAL 76,619 85,270 92,411 97,459 118,857
GOVERNMENT
1 Car/Pick-up/Jeeps/SUV 794 689 768 696 766
2 Trucks 202 175 210 171 216
3 Buses 1 1 0 2 2
4 Motorcycles 417 409 418 419 375
5 Tricycles 3 1 2 3 2
6 Non Cony MC 0 0 0 0 2
7 Trailers 2 2 4 3 5
SUB-TOTAL 1,419 1,277 1,402 1,294 1,368
FOR HIRE
1 Car/Pick-up/Jeeps/SUV 784 728 738 575 643
2 Trucks 647 1038 1,180 1,098 1,030
3 Buses 150 145 172 157 167
4 Motorcycles 0 0 0 0 0
5 Tricycles 7,011 6693 8,468 8,241 9,291
6 Non Cony MC 0 0 0 0 0
7 Trailers 52 130 108 20 40
SUB-TOTAL 8,644 8,734 10,666 10,091 11,171
TOTAL
1 Car/Pick-up/Jeeps/SUV 36,244 38,243 44,598 43,132 51,712
2 Trucks 10,613 12,184 16,098 16,608 20,025
3 Buses 217 223 244 199 220
4 Motorcycles 27,570 31,359 26,276 30,180 37,721
5 Tricycles 11,413 12,374 16,059 17,221 19,974
6 Non Cony MC 0 0 12 9 25
7 Trailers 625 898 1192 1495 1,719
GRAND TOTAL 86,682 95,281 104,479 108,844 131,396
Source: LTO-Koronadal, LTO-Surallah, LTO-Polomolok, LTO Regional Office
The capital city can be reached by land access through its existing primary roads. There are
enough transport utilities that ply the routes from north, south, east and west bound directions. In
2018, there are 167 buses, 643 car/pick-up/jeeps, 1,030 trucks, 40 trailers and 9,291 tricycles that
serve as public utility vehicles carrying passengers and goods from Koronadal to nearby
municipalities in and outside the province. The total registered motor vehicles, both private, public
and government, in the last 5 years is increasing from 86,682 in 2014 to 131,396 in 2018 (Table
2.6.12).
2.6.1.3.2 Public Transport Terminals
A Public Transport Terminal is a shared transit facility which is available for use by the general
public for their inter-modal or multi-modal transport needs and is situated in most strategic places
accessible to the riding public without hampering any traffic flow within the area.
As of 2017, land transport terminals in 11 city/municipalities occupy a total land area of about
60,483.15 square meters (Table 2.6.13). Most municipalities have their own public transport
terminal located within their public markets. Surallah already has its own Integrated Public Terminal
while the construction of Koronadal City’s Integrated Public Transport Terminal is still on-going and
Polomolok have yet to establish their own integrated public transport terminal for all modes of
transport in one central location. Terminals for buses and vans in Koronadal City are still privately-
owned.
Table 2.6.13 Land Transport Terminals by City/Municipality and Area Occupied, South Cotabato, 2017
City/Municipality Address Total Area Occupied (sq. m.)
Banga Brgy. Benitez, Banga 2,500.00
Koronadal National Highway, City of Koronadal 6,756.15
Purok Rosas, Pob., L.S.
Lake Sebu 5,100.00
Eco-Tourism Cultural Ground, Pob., L.S
Norala Public Market 120.00
Pioneer Ave., Pob. Pol.
Polomolok 9,500.00
Public Market, Pob. Pol.
Sto. Niño Public Market 10,000.00
Surallah National Highway, Surallah 24,010.00
Tampakan Public Market 575.00
Tantangan Public Market 414.00
Tboli Public Market 1,200.00
Tupi Aguinaldo St., Tupi 308.00
TOTAL 60,483.15
Source: MPDOs/CPDO

Map 2.6.2 Public Transport Terminals Map, South Cotabato, 2018
Source: PPDO

2.6.2 FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE FACILITIES
It may also damage existing water infrastructures

The cumulative impact of and contaminate domestic potable water supply.
flooding on the loss of lives, and In times of unpredictable weather patterns
damage to properties and livelihood resulting from climate change, the existing flood
results in deceleration, if not control structures in identified high-risk areas in
setback, of social progress and the province are proved inadequate in handling
unexpected increase in water discharge which
economic activities in affected
often results in massive flooding in both highly
areas.
urbanized and rural areas.
Out of 199 barangays in South Cotabato in 2017, 52 barangays or 26% of the total barangays
in the province are affected by flooding. This is caused by the overflow of B’lok Creek and Marbel
River in Koronadal City; Sarcon and San Felipe Creeks in Tantangan; Palian River and its
tributaries in Tupi; Gao River, Sapali and Allah River in Tboli; Banga River in Sto. Niño, Norala and
Banga; Taplan and Kipalbig Rivers in Tampakan; and Silway River in Polomolok.
The municipality of Tupi has the highest percentage of barangays affected by

flooding/flashflood in the province since almost all of its barangays were affected. It is followed by
Polomolok and Sto. Niño where around half of their barangays are affected by flooding/flashfloods.
Various flood control projects and drainage facilities were implemented by the LGUs and DPWH.
These facilities are aimed to reduce or mitigate flooding and the damage it may cause to lives and
properties.
Table 2.6.14 Areas Affected by Flooding/Flashfloods in South Cotabato, 2017

City/ No. of Brgys. % of Brgys.
No. of Brgys. Name of Brgys Affected
Municipalities Affected Affected
Koronadal City 27 Barangay Carpenter Hill, Sto. Niño & Saravia 3 11
Tantangan 13 Poblacion 1 8
Polonuling, Simbo, Kablon, Bunao, Lunen,
Kalkam, Crossing Rubber, Tubeng, Palian,
Tupi 15 15 100
Cebuano, Linan, Acmonan, Bololmala, Atbagan &
Miasong
Tboli 25 New Dumangas 1 4
Surallah 17 0
Panay, Ambalgan, Katipunan, San Isidro & San
Sto. Niño 10 5 50
Vicente
Norala 14 BS Aquino, Dumaguil & Puti 3 21
Kusan, San Jose, Malaya, Rizal, Benitez, Rang-
Banga 22 8 36
ay, Lam-apos & Derilon
Tampakan 14 Maltana, Poblacion & Kipalbig 3 21
Bentung Sulit, Lumakil, Koronadal Proper,
Polomolok 23 Magsaysay, Silway 7, Landan, Polo, Maligo, 12 52
Upper Klinan, Poblacion & Silway 8
Lake Sebu 19 Maculan 1 5
TOTAL 199 52 26
Source: PDRRMO
Adequate and well-managed drainage infrastructures reduce flooding incidence especially in

urban areas. However, improper waste disposal and accumulated siltation resulted to clogging of
existing drainage facilities, thus, reducing the drainage efficiency in conveying floodwater towards

rivers and creeks. Drainage component was not also prioritized in the implementation of local
roads. Table 2.6.15 shows the inventory of lined canals along the provincial road as of Dcember
2018.
Table 2.6.15 Inventory of Drainage/Lined Canals along Provincial Roads, South Cotabato, 2018
Total Length of Road Length of Lined Canal

City/ Municipality %
(km) (km)
Koronadal 82.60 5.62 6.80%

Banga 93.70 4.86 5.19%
Lake Sebu 14.90 0.00%
Norala 56.30 0.00%
Polomolok 106.90 21.00 19.65%
Sto. Niño 30.50 0.70 2.31%
Surallah 95.30 7.61 7.98%
Tampakan 63.80 2.28 3.58%
Tantangan 47.40 0.00%
Tboli 50.10 1.71 3.42%
Tupi 52.70 3.25 6.16%
TOTAL 694.20 47.03 6.78%
Source: PEO
2.6.3 WATER
In addition, economic growth itself must be

Water is a basic need and a supported specifically by meeting the needs of
common resource; hence, everyone priority growth and production centers for water
has both the right to be provided supply, sewerage, sanitation, irrigation and flood
with access to safe water, and the management. The water sector’s greatest
responsibility to conserve it. challenge is to balance equity and efficiency in the
management of water resources to ensure
adequate, safe and sustainable water for all.
Efficient and effective management of water resources is fundamental to achieving inclusive
economic growth while ensuring a sustainable environment.
2.6.3.1 Sources of Potable Water
In South Cotabato, there are three (3) types of potable water source: 1) Level I Point Sources
which include protected wells, improved dug wells, developed springs and rain water cistern with an
outlet but without distribution system; 2) Level II Communal Faucet System or Stand Post which
refers to a system composed of a source, a reservoir, a piped distribution network, and a communal
faucet located not more than 25 meters from the farthest house; and 3) Level III Waterworks
System which refers to transition pipes with source transmission pipes and a network for household
taps.1
Based on the 2017 survey data provided by IPHO, 86.71% of the 226,482 total households of
the province have access to Level I, II and III water facilities. Around 41.07% of households is
served by water districts through individual household connection (Level III); about 17.46% is
served by communal water systems (Level II); and, around 41.47% get their water from direct
1
CLUP Guidebook Vol. 2, HLURB, 2007

sources such as springs, shallow deep wells and open dug wells (Level I). Some households in the
rural areas draw water from other sources such as rivers, streams, lakes and collector containers.
Table 2.6.16 No. of Households Served by Type of Water Source (Levels I, II and III) per City/Municipality, South Cotabato,
2018
City/ No. of No. of Households Served % of Household
Municipality Households Level I Level II Level III Total Served
Banga 21,927 7,811 808 5,752 14,371 65.54
Koronadal City 44,601 23,866 2,014 17,836 43,716 98.01
Norala 11,016 8,247 1,283 9,530 86.51
Polomolok 38,159 4,320 2,819 28,867 36,006 94.36
Surallah 21,126 7,840 1,969 10,550 20,359 96.37
Tampakan 9,814 3,598 2,687 2,078 8,363 85.22
Tantangan 10,803 6,311 295 3,309 9,915 91.78
Tboli 22,281 93 11,096 4,751 15,940 71.54
Tupi 17,349 4,930 6,692 2,934 14,556 83.90
Sto. Niño 10,100 6,369 3,503 9,872 97.74
Lake Sebu 19,306 7,276 5,907 580 13,763 71.29
TOTAL 226,482 80,661 34,287 82,443 196,391 86.71
% Served 41.07% 17.46% 41.47% 100.00%
Source: IPHO
Of the eleven city/municipalities, Polomolok (65.47%) has the highest percentage of

households with access to Level III water system followed by Surallah and Koronadal City. Tboli
has the least percentage of households served with Level III facilities followed by Norala and Tupi.
Despite the presence of local water districts in the municipalities of Norala and Tupi, access to
Level III water facilities is low.
Figure 2.6.2 Percentage (%) of Households with Access to Level III Water Source, South Cotabato, 2018
Source: IPHO
Sources of potable water remains a major

problem in many remote rural areas in the province. In 2018, 13% of the total
In 2017, 12% of the total households still do not have households do not have access
access to safewater. Although the record shows that to safewater.

the total number of households with access to safewater increased from 83% in 2014 to 88% in
2017. Majority of households in the remote and mountainous areas rely on spring water as potable
water source. Climate change and contamination due to the use of agricultural chemicals, however,
have caused some springs to dry while others became unfit for potable use.
Table 2.6.17. Total Households with Access to Safe Water, South Cotabato: 2014-2018
Total No. of HHs Total Total
Total No. of
Year Total Population with Access to Percentage (%) Percentage (%)
HHs
Safe Water Served Unserved
2014 889,293 200,113 165,532 83% 17%
2015 915,289 217,944 172,886 79% 21%
2016 933,046 222,172 195,627 88% 12%
2017 951,147 226,482 197,391 88% 12%
2018 969,599 230,876 200,773 87% 13%
Source: IPHO
2.6.3.2 Level III Water System
Level III Water System distribution is mostly managed by the Local Water Districts in the city or
municipalities. There are seven (7) water districts operating in the province serving 56 out of 199
barangays of the province equivalent to 50,364 households as of 2018, which is 10.31% higher
than the previous year with only 45,171 households. The seven water districts are located in the
municipalities of Polomolok, Banga, Tupi, Surallah, Norala, Sto. Niño and Koronadal City. The
water districts source out water from deep wells, well gravity and springs. As of 2018, there are 39
pumping stations operating in the province and 16 of these are located in Koronadal City.
Table 2.6.18 Existing Water District Summary, South Cotabato: 2014-2018

No. of Barangays Name or Type of Water Number of Service Connections
Name of Water District
Served Source 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Domestic/Residential
1 Koronadal WD 18 Deepwell 10,639 11,660 13,752 15,923 18,007
2 Polomolok WD 14 Deepwell 13,630 14,696 15,701 17,002 18,072
3 Banga WD 5 Deepwell 977 1,129 1,240 1,332 1,488
4 Tupi WD 8 Well Gravity 1,136 1,501 1,464 1,854 2,119
5 Surallah WD 6 Deepwell/Spring 2,319 2,760 3,218 3,797 4,261
6 Norala WD 4 Deepwell 1,004 1,093 1,246 1,310 1,517
7 Sto. Niño WD 1 Deepwell 401 601 817 965 1,206
SUB-TOTAL 56 30,106 33,440 37,438 42,183 46,670
Commercial/Industrial
2 Polomolok WD 14 Deepwell 529 492 509 501 710
3 Banga WD 5 Deepwell 77 85 101 114 123
4 Tupi WD 8 Well Gravity 84 1376 118 124 139
5 Surallah WD 6 Deepwell/Spring 293 326 341 397 437
6 Norala WD 4 Deepwell 88 90 80 103 108
7 Sto. Niño WD 1 Deepwell 14 25 33 40 47
SUB-TOTAL 56 2,287 4,646 2,498 2,641 2,996
Government
1 Koronadal WD 18 Deepwell 138 2 2 2 242
2 Polomolok WD 14 Deepwell 158 204 509 253 244
3 Banga WD 5 Deepwell 22 0 0 0 0
4 Tupi WD 8 Well Gravity 16 125 18 25 139

No. of Barangays Name or Type of Water Number of Service Connections
Name of Water District
Served Source 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
5 Surallah WD 6 Deepwell/Spring 18 17 18 29 32
6 Norala WD 4 Deepwell 22 0 22 23 25
7 Sto. Niño WD 1 Deepwell 8 10 8 15 16
SUB-TOTAL 56 382 358 577 347 698
TOTAL
2 Polomolok WD 14 Deepwell 14,317 15,392 16,719 17,756 19,026
3 Banga WD 5 Deepwell 1,076 1,214 1,341 1,446 1,611
4 Tupi WD 8 Well Gravity 1,236 3,002 1,600 2,003 2,397
5 Surallah WD 6 Deepwell/Spring 2,630 3,103 3,577 4,223 4,730
6 Norala WD 4 Deepwell 1,114 1,183 1,348 1,436 1,650
7 Sto. Niño WD 1 Deepwell 423 636 858 1,020 1,269
GRAND TOTAL 56 32,775 38,444 40,513 45,171 50,364
Source: Local Water Districts of South Cotabato
Figure 2.6.3 Number of Water District Service Connections, South Cotabato, 2016-2018
Of the seven
city/municipalities with
local water districts, the
highest number of service
connections is in
Koronadal City, which
caters to 19,681
households while Sto.
Niño has the lowest
number of service
connections catering to
1,269 households.
Source: Local Water Districts, South Cotabato
Table 2.6.19 Local Water Districts and Pumping Stations, South Cotabato, 2018
City/Municipality Pumping Station/Address Area (sq.m.)
1 Koronadal Water District Prk. Kahirup, Bo. Sto. Niño 144

Forro, Brgy. GPS 244
Prk. Matibay, Brgy. Sta Cruz 430
Purok Mabuhay, Brgy. San Isidro 300
Agreville P3, Brgy. Sta. Cruz 278
Ang PS, Purok Bagong Silang, Brgy. Carpenter Hill 300
Victory PS, Purok Kalikasan, Brgy. Paraiso 1,034
Celino PS, Purok Mabuhay, Brgy. San Isidro 336
PRC PS, Brgy. Carpenter Hill 396
Purok Pag-asa, Brgy. Paraiso 300
Purok Aguinaldo, Brgy. Conception 300
San Antonio, Brgy. Sta. Cruz 300
Purok Maawain, Brgy. San Jose 300
Purok Maligaya, Brgy. Caloocan 260

City/Municipality Pumping Station/Address Area (sq.m.)
Torrento, Purok Kauganayan, Brgy. GPS 200

Purok Pag-Asa, Brgy. Brgy. Topland 300
2 Sto. Niño Water District Municipal Site, Poblacion, Sto. Niño 400
3 Surallah Water District Crossing Curva, Brgy. Dajay 841
Purok Rosas, Brgy. Dajay 73
Purok 4, Brgy. Centrala 890
Sitio Pula, Brgy. Tubi-allah 268
Zone 2A, Libertad 298
Sitio Lambusong, Colongulo 100
4 Polomolok Water District Brgy. Sulit 496.34
Brgy. Pagalungan I (Cistern Underground Booster) 489
Brgy. Poblacion 940.50
Brgy. Pagalungan II 375
Cannery I (Pag-asa) 991.02
Cannery II (Londres) 686
Polo I 491.70
Polo II 504.50
Palkan 300
5 Norala Water District Alunan Ave., Poblacion, Norala 576
Prk. Upper Magsaysay, San Miguel, Norala 150
6 Banga Water District Poblacion 300
7 Tupi Water District Gonzales Pumping Station, Upper Tupi 500
Sta. Lucia Pumping Station, Cr. Cebuano 300
Upper Cebuano WS 36
Pk. Pag-asa 1 WS, Purok Pag-asa 1 300
Source: Local Water Districts of South Cotabato

Map 2.6.3 Water Facilities Map, South Cotabato, 2018
Source: PPDO
Source: PPDO

2.6.4 POWER
An economy’s production and consumption of electricity are basic indicators of its size and
level of development. Expanding the supply of electricity to meet the growing demand of
increasingly urbanizing and industrializing economies without incurring unacceptable social,
economic, and environmental costs is one of the great challenges facing developing settlements.
Data on electric power production and consumption are collected from South Cotabato Electric
Cooperative I (SOCOTECO-I) in Koronadal City and SOCOTECO-II in General Santos City.
2.6.4.1 Power Generation
The power supply mix of South Cotabato is mostly sourced from hydropower, coal, solar and
biogas/biomass. The biggest share came from the Mindanao Grid of the Maria Cristina Hydro
Electric Plant located in Iligan City and it is administered and maintained by the National Power
Corporation (NPC). Other power suppliers are Therma South, Inc. in Davao City, GN Power in
Lanao Del Norte and FDC Misamis in Misamis City. These power suppliers are linked by National
Transmission Corporation (TransCo) through its 69 kilovolt (kv) overhead transmission lines to two
(2) electric cooperatives operating in the province. The South Cotabato Electric Cooperative I
(SOCOTECO-I) distributes electricity to the eight (8) municipalities and Koronadal City, while South
Cotabato Electric Cooperative II (SOCOTECO-II) supplies the power requirement of the
municipalities of Tupi and Polomolok.
SOCOTECO-I is also sourcing out power supply from embedded power plants that are directly
connected to the local electric power lines. These are Biotech Farms in Banga and Tantangan,
Supreme Power Corporation in Koronadal City and NV Vogt in Surallah. These embedded power
sources supplied a total of around 24MW power to SOCOTECO I.
Table 2.6.20 Sources of Power by Location, Type, Capacity and Power Supplied, 2018
Power
Name of Power Plant Location Type
Supplied (MW)
National Power Corp - Power
1 Sector Assets & Liabilities Mgt. Ma. Cristina Falls, Iligan City Mix 66.767-91.904
Corp. (NPC-PSALM)
2 Therma South, Inc. Davao City Coal 7
3 GN Power Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte Coal 23
4 FDC Misamis Villanueva, Misamis Oriental Coal 10
5 Biotech Farms Banga & Tantangan Biomass/Biogas 3.878 / 3.45
6 Supreme Power Corp. Brgy. Paraiso, Koronadal City Diesel / Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) 11.9
7 NV Vogt Brgy. Centrala, Surallah Solar 5
8 Sarangani Energy Corporation Maasim, Sarangani Coal 70
9 Peak Power Socsargen, Inc. 1 General Santos City Diesel/Bunker Fuel 19.5
10 Peak Power Socsargen, Inc. 2 General Santos City Diesel/Bunker Fuel 13
11 Lamsan Power Corporation Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao Biomass 13.5
Hydro Electric Development
12 Manolo Fortich, Bukidnon Hydroelectric 8.09-15.44
Corporation (Hedcor) Bukidnon 1
Hydro Electric Development
13 Manolo Fortich, Bukidnon Hydroelectric 5
Corporation (Hedcor) Bukidnon 2
Source: SOCOTECO I and SOCOTECO II

A sub-station, which refers to a high-voltage electric system facility, is used to switch
generators, equipment and circuits or lines in and out of a system. Some sub-stations are small
with a little more than a transformer and associated switches. Others are very large with several
transformers, and dozens of switches and other equipment. SOCOTECO-I has nine (9) sub-
stations: three (3) are located in Koronadal City, two (2) each in Surallah and Banga, and one (1)
each in the municipalities of Norala and Tantangan, in addition to KCC Mall of Marbel, which is also
a power contributor under the Interruptible Load Program (ILP). SOCOTECO- II has three (3) sub-
stations in the province, two (2) of which are located in Polomolok and one (1) in Tupi.
Table 2.6.21 Power Sub-Stations and Capacity, 2018

Cooperative Sub-Station Capacity Area*
1. Brgy. Dajay, Surallah 10 MVA 1,100 sq. m.
2. Matulas, Brgy. Paraiso, Koronadal City 10 MVA 1,100 sq. m.
3. Norala 5 MVA
4. Brgy. Morales, Koronadal City 20 MVA 7,600 sq. m.
5. Brgy. San Roque, Koronadal City 5 MVA 1,100 sq. m.
SOCOTECO I
6. Banga Poblacion 10 MVA 4,000 sq. m.
7. Dole Surallah 5 MVA
8. Biotech Banga 10 MVA
9. Biotech Tantangan 10 MVA
10. KCC Koronadal (ILP) 5 MVA
1. Dolefil, Polomolok 20 MVA 700 sq. m.
SOCOTECO II 2. Poblacion, Polomolok 20 MVA
3. Tupi Substation 5 MVA 400 sq. m.
TOTAL 16,000 sq. m.
Source: SOCOTECO I & II
*Area computed based Google Earth map
Transmission lines, which can be hung overhead or underground, carry electric energy from
one point to another in an electric power system. The main characteristics that distinguish
transmission lines from distribution lines are that they are operated at relatively high voltages, they
transmit large quantities of power, and they transmit the power over large distances. A distribution
system originates at a distribution substation and includes the lines, poles, transformers and other
equipment needed to deliver electric power to the customer at the required voltages.
2.6.4.2 Electrification
The province attained 100% energization of its

barangays since 2014, where 198 barangays were In 2018, the province’s household
directly connected to the distribution power lines of energization level stood at 74.43%,
the two electric cooperatives, and only one (1)
wherein only 167,087 out of 237,500
barangay was off-grid or installed with solar panel
total households were energized.
energy as of 2018. This off-grid barangay is Brgy.
Mongokayo in Tboli, which has a total of 712
The remaining 26% of the total
potential household beneficiaries. While all number of households, mostly residing
barangays were already reached by electricity, in remote sitios and communities,
however, not all households have been energized. have not been energized.
The household energization rate increased by
almost 12% from 62.58% in 2014 to 74.43% in 2018. The percentage of houses connected to
electricity compared to the total number of registered members with SOCOTECO-I and
SOCOTECO-II is 56.41%. It increased by 9% from 47.39% in 2014.

Table 2.6.22 Status of Energization, South Cotabato, 2014- 2018
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Total No. of Barangays 199 199 199 199 199
No. of Barangays Energized 199 199 199 199 199
Grid 191 191 191 191 197
Off-Grid 8 8 8 8 2
Percent Energized 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Total No. of Households 200,113 217,944 222,154 226,463 237,500
No. of Houses Connected 125,238 132,469 141,235 149,295 167,087
Percent Served 62.58% 60.78% 63.58% 65.92% 74.43%
Actual No. of Members 94,841 101,232 109,508 118,862 133,968
Percent Served 47.39% 46.45% 49.29% 52.49% 56.41%
The total number of consumers of SOCOTECO I and II has continually increased from
120,377 in 2015 to 151,543 in 2018, reflecting a 25.9% increase over the last 4 years. Residential
consumers took the biggest share with 137,502 number of consumers in 2018, followed by low
voltage consumers (commercial and institutional establishments with no transformers of its own),
with 13,237 consumers and then by high voltage consumers (industries and big commercial
establishments) with 804 consumers. As to power consumption, for SOCOTECO I alone,
residential users still dominate power consumption, followed by high voltage users, and with the
least share consumed by low voltage users.
Table 2.6.23 Total No. of Consumers by Type, 2015-2018

Type of Consumer 2015 2016 2017 2018
Residential 107,925 115,287 122,710 137,502
Low Voltage 11,995 12,364 12,661 13,237
High Voltage 457 574 726 804
TOTAL 120,377 128,225 136,097 151,543
Table 2.6.24 Power Consumption (KWH) by Type of Consumer, 2015-2018

Type of Consumer 2015 2016 2017 2018
Residential 134,090,168 147,189,262 150,625,868 164,666,523
Low Voltage 58,432,986 59,316,618 57,060,736 61,560,904
High Voltage 91,526,928 102,593,465 113,004,365 125,463,012
TOTAL 284,050,082 309,099,345 320,690,969 351,690,439
Source: SOCOTECO-I
The power requirements of both SOCOTECO I and II have been projected for ten (10) years
from 2013 to 2023 (Table 2.6.24). While the entire country faces power crisis, long-term projection
of power requirement will enormously help the province in implementing strategies to ensure
adequacy in power supply, particularly the exploration of renewable and clean energy sources such
as the development of hydro-power plants and solar power farms.
Table 2.6.25 Power Requirement Projection, SOCOTECO I & II, 2013–2023

SOCOTECO I SOCOTECO II
Year
Purchase (MWH) Demand (MW) Purchase (MWH) Demand (MW)
2013 198,764 31.40 664,824 113.27
2014 152,800 32.27 685,865 116.86

SOCOTECO I SOCOTECO II
Year
Purchase (MWH) Demand (MW) Purchase (MWH) Demand (MW)
2015 155,948 33.30 706,953 120.45
2016 158,955 34.52 728,097 124.05
2017 161,828 35.99 749,305 127.67
2018 164,573 37.72 770,584 131.29
2019 167,195 39.77 791,941 134.93
2020 169,698 42.17 813,381 138.59
2021 172,084 43.10 834,910 142.25
2022 174,357 44.02 856,532 145.94
2023 176,517 44.93 878,252 149.64
Source: SOCOTECO I and II
2.6.4.3. Renewable Energy Sources
The major sources of renewable energy in the province are solar, hydro and biomass. Aside
from the renewable energy derived from biomass or organic matters as wood, conversion of
garbage into electricity by harvesting gas from dumpsites/landfills is also being explored. The
municipality of Surallah has one (1) solar project – the 5 MW Centrala Solar Power Project by the
NV Vogt Philippines Solar Energy One, Inc. There are also hydro power projects found in Lake
Sebu, Koronadal City and Tampakan with total potential capacity of 24 MW.
Table 2.6.26 Awarded Renewable Energy Projects in South Cotabato, As of December 2017
Type of Potential
City/Municipality Project Name Status
Source Capacity
1 Non-compliant with the Work Program
Laconon 2 Compliant with the posting of Performance Bond
Hydroelectric 3 Compliant with Reportorial Obligation
Lake Sebu Hydro 4.85 MW
Power Project 4 Compliant with the RESHERR
Non-Compliant with the submission of Abandonment and
5
Termination Plan
1 Non-compliant with the work plan
Marbel 1
2 Non-compliant with the posting of performance bond
Koronadal and Hydroelectric
Hydro 3 Non-compliant with the RESHERR 0.50 MW
Tampakan Power Project
Non-compliant with the submission of Abandonment and
4
termination Plan
1 Non-compliant with the work program. Delayed in the
implementation of work commitment
Takbo 2 Non-compliant with the posting of performance bond.
Hydroelectric
Lake Sebu Hydro 3 Non-compliant with reportorial obligation 15 MW
Power Project
4 Non-compliant with the RESHERR.
Non-compliant with the submission of abandonment and
5
termination plan
1 Non-compliant with the workplan
2 Non-compliant with the posting of performance bond
Lanon (Lam-alu)
Hydro 3 Compliant with reportorial obligation
Lake Sebu Hydroelectric 9.5 MW
4 Non-compliant with the RESHERR.
Power Plant
Non-compliant with the submission of abandonment and
5
termination plan.
Source: Department of Energy

The potential renewable energy resource mapping conducted from 2014 to 2017 under the
Phil-LiDAR 2 Program of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and the University of
the Philippines (UP) has provided for a ‘detailed spatial information on the province’s renewable
resource’. The result shows that Norala, Banga and Sto. Niño have higher potential for biomass
because of vast rice lands; Surallah, Lake Sebu and Koronadal City for Hydropower due to the
presence of major river systems; and Lake Sebu, Tampakan and Tboli for Wind Power due to their
high altitudes.
Table 2.6.27 Summary of Renewable Energy Potentials in South Cotabato, 2017

Biomass (MJ/Ha) Hydropower (Mean) (kW) Solar Power
Wind Power
(Mean Global
City/ 0 - 100 m 600 - 700 m 900 - 1,000 (Mean Power
Horizontal
Municipality Rice Corn Coconut horizontal horizontal m horizontal Density)
Irridance)
distance distance distance (W/m2)
(Wh/m2/day)
Banga 5,609.76 388.18 2.05 - - - 4,645.11 75.35
Koronadal 468.97 340.61 473.27 - 23.15 23.92 4,679.13 111.79
Lake Sebu 10.80 7.25 0.02 8.63 16.45 21.24 4,542.11 424.11
Norala 6,668.21 36.33 13.88 - - - 4,739.22 46.36
Polomolok 320.37 181.05 51.87 - 8.22 16.02 4,759.64 276.66
Sto. Niño 3,386.04 19.61 - - - - 4,724.78 33.24
Surallah 1,944.33 397.97 0.14 17.33 25.59 27.95 4,564.83 45.51
Tboli 488.33 227.36 5.64 6.22 14.53 18.83 4,493.08 285.64
Tampakan 204.60 258.31 165.13 12.94 14.82 19.96 4,713.53 292.46
Tantangan 1,064.82 398.96 814.40 - - - 4,733.21 74.47
Tupi 729.10 359.25 238.10 - 10.08 14.97 4,646.04 187.77
Source: DOST & UP Phil-LiDAR 2 Program

Map 2.6.4 Power Facilities by Type, Substation Capacity and Service Areas, South Cotabato, 2018

Source: PPDO
2.6.5 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (ICT) INFRASTRUCTURE
Modern information and communication technologies offer huge opportunities for progress in
different sectors in the province especially in economic growth, improved health, better service
delivery, enhanced learning process, and social and cultural advances.
2.6.5.1 Telecommunications
The total number of telephone subscribers for landline in 2018 is 2,239, which is significantly
lower by 125% than the 5,056 subscribers in 2017. The decreasing trend in the service connections
of the local telephone company can be attributed to the affordability and accessibility of cellular
phones. No data on wireless telephone was provided for 2016 to 2018. MTSI, a local private
company, is the biggest provider of landline and wireless telephone services in the province.
Table 2.6.28 No. of Telephone Subscribers by Type of Connection per City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2014-2018
City/ 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Municipality Landline Wireless Landline Wireless Landline Wireless Landline Wireless Landline Wireless
Banga 170 32 181 31 253 0 322 0 61 0
Koronadal 3,189 95 3,165 89 3,037 0 2,920 0 1,748 0
Lake Sebu 45 0 44 0 48 0 48 0 4 0
Norala 149 10 151 10 148 0 152 0 43 0
Polomolok 244 0 256 0 311 0 341 0 103 0
Sto. Niño 158 12 163 12 167 0 192 0 28 0
Surallah 553 38 556 33 575 0 588 0 184 0
Tampakan 87 14 86 14 98 0 103 0 29 0
Tantangan 124 32 130 30 161 0 201 0 9 0
Tboli 111 0 114 4 112 0 122 0 15 0
Tupi 53 8 56 8 60 0 67 0 15 0
TOTAL 4,883 241 4,902 231 4,970 0 5,056 0 2,239 0
Source: MTSI & TELOF
Cellular technology adaption is manifested in the increasing number of cellular sites reaching
to 278 in 2018 from 195 in 2014. Koronadal City, the primary urban center, has the highest number
of cell sites with 81 cell sites, followed by Polomolok with 60 cell sites. The Municipality of Tboli has
the least number of cell sites with only 7 cell sites.
The total number of internet subscribers as of 2018 is 2,823 with Koronadal City recording the
most number of subscribers at 1,054 subscribers or 37.34% of the total subscribers in the province.
It was then followed by Surallah with 436 subscribers (15.44%) and Banga with 314 subscribers
(11.12%). The lowest number of internet subscribers is noted in Lake Sebu with only 52
subscribers or 1.84% of the total number of subscribers.
Table 2.6.29 Number of Cellsites by Municipality/City, South Table 2.6.30 Number of Internet Subscribers by
Cotabato: 2014-2018 City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
City/ Municipality 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
City/ No. of Internet
1 Banga 16 13 19 18 19 %
Municipality (DSL) Subscriber
2 Koronadal City 62 54 81 63 81
Banga 314 11.12
3 Lake Sebu 7 7 11 9 11
4 Norala 7 5 10 12 12 Koronadal 1,054 37.34
5 Polomolok 38 34 55 60 60 Lake Sebu 52 1.84
6 Sto. Niño 9 3 11 9 11 Norala 115 4.07
7 Surallah 14 13 17 20 20 Polomolok 203 7.19
City/ Municipality 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 City/ No. of Internet
%
Municipality (DSL) Subscriber
8 Tampakan 7 5 14 13 14
Sto. Niño 181 6.41
9 Tantangan 8 6 9 10 10
10 Tboli 2 2 7 7 7 Surallah 436 15.44
11 Tupi 25 22 33 29 33 Tampakan 76 2.69
GRAND TOTAL 195 164 267 250 278 Tantangan 222 7.86
Source: NTC XII Tboli 112 3.97
Tupi 58 2.05
2.6.5.2 Broadcast Communication (Radio and TOTAL 2,823 100
Television) Source: MTSI
Radio and television form part of the broadcast

communication media in the province.
ABS-CBN Channel 24 is the only free-to-air channel

The different forms of mass
with a strong signal that can be accessed clearly in many media are important tools in
parts of the province without subscription – bringing promoting transparency and
local, national and international news, and entertainment. accountability in governance
There are many radio stations in the province as of 2017: by way of informing the
five (5) AM stations and eight (8) FM stations. Big radio people as well as providing
stations are located in Koronadal City, while smaller them access to government
community radio stations are found in the neighboring programs, services and
town of Surallah, Tupi, Tampakan and Tboli. information.
Table 2.6.31 Existing Radio and Television Stations, South Cotabato,
2017
Frequency
Station/ Call Sign Location Power (Watts) Company
(Khz)
AM Stations
South Cotabato
National Highway, Lagao, Gen.
1. DXCP-AM 585 5,000 Communications
Santos City
Corporation
2. DXKR/RMN Radio Mindanao Network,
Gen. Santos Drive, Koronadal City 639 5,000
Koronadal Inc
3. DXOM-AM/Radyo Notre Dame Broadcasting
Gen. Santos Drive, Koronadal City 963 5,000
Bida Corporation
4. DXMC/Bombo KM 4, Gen. Santos Drive, Koronadal Peoples Broadcasting
1026 5,000
Radyo Koronadal City Service, Inc
National Highway, Brgy. Morales, Far East Broadcasting
5. DXKI 1062 5,000
Koronadal City Company
FM Stations
1. DXMR-FM/ MUEWS
Surallah, South Cotabato 98.1 1,000 SUNAS Agritech
Radio Surallah
2. DXME-FM/ Love 3rd Floor Velarde Bldg. Nat'l Hi-way
100.1 5,000 DL Media Production
Radio Rotonda, Koronadal City
Shalom Radio and
3. DXKL/Gold FM Koronadal City 97.3
Advertizing Station
4. DXOM- FM/Happy Notre Dame Broadcasting
Gen. Santos Drive, Koronadal City 91.17 5,000
FM Corporation (NDBC)
5. DXCE-FM / Brigada Brigada Mass Media
Gen. Santos Drive, Koronadal City 95.7 5000
News FM Corporation

Frequency
Station/ Call Sign Location Power (Watts) Company
(Khz)
Municipal Government of
6. DXCF/Spring Radio Tampakan, South Cotabato 100.9
Tampakan
7. DXMM/ Radyo Municipal Government of
Tupi, South Cotabato 99.3 100
Kahiusa Tupi
Municipal Government of
8. Radyo Katribu Tboli, South Cotabato 103.3 100
Tboli
TV Station
ABS-CBN Broadcasting
1. ABS-CBN Gen. Santos Drive, Koronadal City TV 24 (UHM) 1,000
Corporation
Source: Provincial Information Office (PIO)
In terms of cable TV industry, there are three (3) service providers in the province: Marbel
Services and Television System, Inc. (MSTSI) (Marbel Cable), JVL Cable TV (Marbel and Surallah)
and Sky Cable (General Santos). As of 2018, total cable TV subscribers in the province
significantly reduced to 2,784 subscribers from the 4,244 subscribers in 2017. Most of these
subscribers are from Koronadal City with 1,553 subscribers, followed by Surallah with 508
subscribers. For the last 5 years, the number of cable TV subscribers has been decreasing.
Table 2.6.32 Cable TV Subscribers by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2014-2018
Municipality/City 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
1 Banga 590 130 130 123 103

2 Koronadal City 2,105 1,849 1,797 1,777 1,553
3 Lake Sebu
4 Norala 411 81 81 79 66
5 Polomolok 460 1,135 1,072 1,041 98
6 Sto. Niño 0 126 130 135 136
7 Surallah 0 483 491 502 508
8 Tampakan 412 132 132 131 121
9 Tantangan 30 30 23
10 Tboli 96 99 100 1
11 Tupi 478 371 374 333 198
Total 4,456 4,433 4,336 4,244 2,784
Source: Marbel Cable TV, Surallah JVL Cable TV , Marbel JVL Cable TV and Sky Cable, GSC

Map 2.6.5 Information, Communication and Technology Facilities Map, South Cotabato, 2018

Source: PPDO
Map 2.6.6 Technical Infrastructure Facilities Map, South Cotabato, 201
Source: PPDO

2.7 NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT
The planet Earth – consisting of both the natural and bio-physical resources – sustains all forms
of life and processes of the ecosystems. This demonstrates the quintessential two-fold functions of
nature and the environment: as a finite resource that needs to be sustained for the economic and
development gains of man; and as a home from which essential non-economic benefits may be
gained such as clean and healthful environment, recreation and aesthetic values, environmental
conservation and biodiversity, cultural relevance and advancement of ecological knowledge.
Natural sites with high ecological tourism value

The province boasts of rich natural
are interspersed within its vast landscape.
resources and abounds with bio-
Biodiversity is further supported by its large
diverse flora and fauna. It also has expanse of fertile agricultural lands.
abundant deposits of mineral
resources such as gold, coal, copper, This sector of development focuses on
iron that
three (3) policy areas andcover
silver
both the upland, lowland and urban ecosystems of both the green
and the brown environments: a) Watersheds, Protected Areas and Wildlife; b) Urban Environment
Management and Pollution Control; and, c) Quarry and Mining Resource Management and
Development.
2.7.1 Watersheds, Protected Areas and Wildlife
The concept of protected areas covers a broad spectrum of land and water uses, including all
delineated watersheds, and may be categorized into three (3): (1) areas declared as belonging to the
NIPAS; (2) areas outside the NIPAS requiring the same amount of protection or Non-NIPAS; and (3)
areas prone to natural hazards or Environmentally-Constrained Areas (ECAs).1
Protected Areas refer to “portions of land set aside by reason of their unique physical and
biological significance, managed to enhance biological diversity, and protected against destructive
human exploitation.”2Protected areas also include prime agricultural lands that need to be protected
against conversion to other uses.
The duly approved Expanded National Integrated Protected Area System Act
otherwise known as Expanded NIPAS Act of 2018 had identified the Mt. Matutum
Protected Landscape (13,947 hectares) as one of the 94 protected areas
nationwide within the classification of national park pursuant to the constitution.
The law also mandates that within 3 years, DENR should undertake activities for the remaining
initial components of NIPAS such as maps, technical descriptions, protected area suitability
assessments, public consultations and plans.
This would mean that the Allah Valley Watershed Forest Reserve and all other
proclaimed/unproclaimed watersheds should comply with the requirements of RA11038 within 3
years otherwise its disestablishment would be recommended.
1
Serote: Property, Patrimony and Territory
2
RA11038 otherwise known as Expanded NIPAS Act of 2018

For a comprehensive view of the provincial watersheds regardless of territorial jurisdiction and
proclamation, watersheds – both the proclaimed and unproclaimed – are discussed separately from
protected areas.
Watersheds
The 2010 Environment Code of South Cotabato defines watershed as "land area drained by a
stream or a fixed body of water and its tributaries having common outlet for surface run-off which
filters pollutants along the way and provide water to households, farms and industries.” A watershed
may also be referred to as a catchment area or drainage basin.
A watershed encompasses the political boundaries of local government units. Watershedsmay
be categorized into a) proclaimed watersheds or those set aside or designated individually by law,
decree, presidential proclamation and executive order; and b) unproclaimed and critical watersheds.
The province has several watersheds, consisting of both proclaimed and unproclaimed areas.
Of the eleven (11) identified watersheds (Table 2.7.1), five (5) are proclaimed where three (3) even
go beyond the territorial jurisdiction of South Cotabato: Kabulnan Watershed Forest Reserve, Allah
Valley Protected Landscape (AVPL), and Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape (MMPL).
The watershed areas in South Cotabato alone cover an approximate areaof273,583.79 hectares
encompassing eleven (11) watersheds (Map 2.7.1).The province has the smallest area share in
Buayan River Watershed with only 2% of the total area located in Tupi. There are six (6) unproclaimed
watersheds classified as Non-NIPAS protected areas: three (3) are located entirely in South
Cotabato(i.e. Marbel Watershed, Banga Watershed and Tantangan Watershed) while the other three
(3) extend to the neighboring Sarangani Province, General Santos City and Sultan Kudarat
Province(i.e. Silway-Klinan River Watershed, Buayan River Watershed and Alip-Dalul River
Watershed).
The frequent flooding incidents that occurred in the City of Koronadal had motivated the City
Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) to advocate on the expansion of Marbel
Watershed and rename it as Marbel-Buluan Watershed where its organizational name would be
known as Marbel-Buluan Watershed Alliance. The total area of the proposed expanded watershed
is about 131,264 hectares, which include the LGUs of Koronadal City, the municipalities of
Tampakan, Tupi, andTantangan in the Province of South Cotabato; the LGUs of Tacurong City, the
municipalities of President Quirino and Lutayan in the Province of Sultan Kudarat; and, the LGUs of
Buluan and Mangudadatu municipalities in the Province of Maguindanao.
Table 2.7.1 Watershed Areas, South Cotabato and Neighboring Areas

Total Area Area-So.Cot
No. Name Location Category
(Has.) Only
Allah Valley Watershed Initial Component of
Surallah, Lake Sebu and Tboli,
Forest Reserve (Allah ENIPAS
1 So. Cot.; Bagumbayan, Sultan 102,350 100,090
Valley Protected Proclaimed under
Kudarat
Landscape) PP2455,09/24/1985
*Mt. Matutum Protected Tupi, Polomolok, Tampakan, ENIPAS 13,947.56
2 11,238.69
Landscape So. Cot.; Malungon, Sarangani (PP552,3/20/1995)
3 Banga Watershed Banga and Norala, So. Cotabato Unproclaimed 32,925 32,925
Unproclaimed/Prop
Tampakan&Tantangan, in S.C.; (UNDER
4 Marbel-Buluan Watershed osed/Advocated by 131,264
Tacurong City, Pres. SURVEY)
CENRO of KC
Quirino&Lutayan in S.K.; and,

Total Area Area-So.Cot
No. Name Location Category
(Has.) Only
Buluan&Mangudadatu in
Maguindanao
Tantangan, Koronadal City,
5 Tantangan Watershed Unproclaimed 234 234
South Cotabato
Silway-Klinan River Tboli, Polomolok, Tupi, South
Watershed Cotabato; Gen. Santos City
Tupi, South Cotabato; Malungon
7 Buayan River Watershed and Alabel, Sarangani; Gen. Unproclaimed 141,021 2,820
Santos City
Tampakan, Koronadal City, So.
8 Alip-Dalul River Watershed Unproclaimed 29,523 1,221
Cot.; Columbio, Sultan Kudarat
Initial Component of
Kabulnan Watershed Lake Sebu, South Cot; Sultan ENIPAS Proclaimed
9 116,451.83 7,862
Forest Reserve Kudarat under
PP241,2/08/00
Initial Component of
Lake Sebu Watershed ENIPAS Proclaimed
10 Lake Sebu, South Cotabato 9,900 9,900
Forest Reserve under
PP65,8/04/1966
Koronadal Watershed Proclaimed under
11 Koronadal City, So. Cotabato 1,137.29 1,137.29
Forest Reserve PP607,6/23/1991
TOTAL 561,260.62 273,583.79
Source: DENR-FMS, PASU-AVPL, PEMO, PENRO, PPDO
Note: PP-Presidential Proclamation
*Included in the Expanded National Integrated Protected Area System (E-NIPAS) or RA 11038

Map 2.7.1 Watershed Areas of South Cotabato
Source: PPDO, 2020

CRITICAL WATERSHEDS WITHIN SOUTH COTABATO
Critical watersheds are defined as watersheds supporting irrigation systems. Within the province
of South Cotabato, there are four critical watersheds under the 143 critical watersheds in the
Philippines: (1) Palian River Watershed; (2) Banga River Watershed; (3) Silway River Watershed;
and (4) Allah River Watershed.
These critical watersheds were subjected to watershed characterization and vulnerability

assessment for the formulation of the Integrated Watershed Management Plan (IWMP) based on the
DMC No. 2008-05 or the Guidelines in the Preparation of Integrated Watershed Management Plan
and the FMB TB No. 16-A or the Revised Supplemental Guidelines and Procedures of Watershed
Characterization and Climate Resilient Vulnerability Assessment. The watershed characterization
report includes the physical assessment of the watershed, the flora and fauna assessment, the socio-
economic assessment, and the vulnerability assessment of the watersheds to flooding, landslide, soil
erosion, and forest/grass fire.
Table 2.7.2 Status of watershed characterization, vulnerability assessment, and Integrated Watershed Management Plan of Critical
Watersheds within South Cotabato
Watershed Characterization cum Integrated Watershed
Critical Watershed Area (ha) Remarks
Vulnerability Assessment (WCVA) Management Plan (IWMP)
Allah River Watershed 99,664 CY 2006 CY 2008

Banga River CY 2008
32,437 CY 2021 Target
Watershed CY 2020 (Updating)
Silway River CY 2011
34,879 CY 2021 Target
Watershed CY 2020 (Updating)
Palian River
1,147 CY 2018 (under Marbel Watershed)
Watershed
Source: DENR XII, NEDA XII, 2018
These Watershed Characterization cum Vulnerability Assessment reports and Integrated

Watershed Management Plans are available at the DENR Regional Office XII and can be accessed
by the Local Government Units (LGUs) through a request letter addressed to the Regional Executive
Director. These reports and plans could be used by the LGUs as references for the formulation of
their management plans.
WATERSHED MONITORING INSTRUMENTS WITHIN SOUTH COTABATO
Watershed monitoring instruments were installed within Region 12 as part of the Science-Based
Watershed Instrumentation Program of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR). Five watershed monitoring instruments were installed within, specifically three units
Automated Weather Stations (AWS) in the municipalities of Lake Sebu, Sto. Niño, and Tboli, one unit
of the Automated Water Level Station (AWLS) at the Namnama Bridge, City of Koronadal, and one
unit CTD Groundwater Sensor within Sto. Niño National High School. All of these instruments are
within the Allah Valley Watershed except for the AWLS. All instruments are fully functional and are
used to monitor the microclimate within the Allah Valley Watershed Forest Reserve. The recorded
data will be used for the watershed characterization and vulnerability assessment of the said
watershed.

Figure 2.7.1 Location map of watershed instruments within South Cotabato
Source: DENR XII, NEDA XII, 2018
The instruments are set to send data to cloud every 15 minutes. Recorded data could be viewed
at zentracloud.com and xylem.com using computers or mobile phones. The concerned LGUs and
their DRRMOs could also access the data online and use it for the area’s disaster risk management.
One monitoring instrument, the AWLS, could even send SMS alarms once the water level reaches
one meter. The concerned LGUs and DRRMOs could communicate with the DENR Regional Office
XII for the request in the access of the recorded data, including in their request their official email
address and mobile number for registration in the cloud.
Monitoring/Maintenance of the installed instruments is conducted every month and the report of
recorded data is submitted monthly. Weekly weather reports are also posted at the DENR
SOCCSKSARGEN FB page. The weather report shows the highest recorded wind speed and
precipitation as well as the highest and lowest recorded temperature for the week.
Table 2.7.3 Installed watershed monitoring instruments within South Cotabato

Watershed Monitoring
Function Site/s of Installation Remarks
Instrument
1. Automated Weather Station • Measures air temperature, solar 1) Brgy. Salacafe, All are functional
(AWS) radiation, wind soeed and direction, Tboli
wind gust speed, amount of 2) Brgy. Poblaciom,
precipitation, vapor pressure, and Lake Sebu
relative humidity 3) Brgy. Poblacion,
• Sends data to Zentra Cloud every 15 Sto. Niño
minutes All within the Allah Valley
• Data could be accessed through Watershed
zentracloud.com or through USB
connection to the AWS data logger
Watershed Monitoring
Function Site/s of Installation Remarks
Instrument
2. Automated Water Level • Measures the water level of the river
Station (AWLS) • The AWLS was set to send SMS alert
whenever the water level reaches 1
meter
• Installed at the Namnama bridge,
Namnama Bridge,
Koronadal City Functional
Koronadal City
• Sends data to cloud every 15 minutes
• Data could be accessed through
xylem.com or through USB or the
WiFu adaoter connected to the data
logger
3. Conductivity, Temperature, • Measures the groundwater level,
Depth (CTD) Groundwater temperature, and electric conductivity
Sensor • Sends data to Zentra Cloud every 15
Sto. Niño National High
minutes
School, Municipality of Sto. Functional
• Data could be accessed through Niño
zentracloud.com or through USB
connection to the CTD Groundwater
sensor data logger
Source: NEDA XII, DERN XII, 2018
NIPAS Protected Areas
National Integrated Protected Areas System or NIPAS, established under Republic Act 7586 and
was amended by RA 11038, is the classification and administration of all designated protected areas
to maintain essential ecological processes and life-support systems, to preserve genetic diversity, to
ensure sustainable use of resources found therein, and to maintain their natural conditions to the
greatest extent possible. NIPAS areas “encompass outstandingly remarkable and biologically
important public lands that are habitats of rare and endangered species of plants and animals.”3
Only Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape is included in the Expanded NIPAS Act of 2018. The
recent total area of MMPL as cited in the law was reduced to 13,947 hectares from14,773 hectares
encompassing the provinces of South Cotabato and Sarangani.
Allah Valley Protected Landscape (AVPL)

Declared as a NIPAS Protected Landscape by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 2455
issued on September 24, 1985, AVPL has a total land area of 102,350 hectares and is bounded in
the north by the Municipality of Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat; in the east by the Municipality of
Surallah, South Cotabato; and in the west by the Municipality of Lake Sebu, South Cotabato. The
protected landscape encompasses two (2) provinces covering the Municipalities of Lake Sebu,
Surallah and Tboli in South Cotabato with a total area of 1,000.90 km2; and Bagumbayan in Sultan
Kudarat with 22.60 km2.
Originally proclaimed as the Allah Valley Watershed Forest Reserve, AVPL originates at the
peak of Mt. Melibengoy (formerly Mt. Parker) and flows northwest, being joined by Banga and Lonon
Rivers. The area is endowed with rich mineral deposits such as copper, limestone, gold and other
volcanic rocks.” 4
3
Serote: Property, Patrimony and Territory
4
Allah Valley Landscape and Development Alliance (AVLADA) – Environmental Management Plan

Within the AVPL are the four (4) protected lakes of South Cotabato: Lake Holon in Tboli; and,
Lake Sebu, Lake Lahit and Lake Seloton in the Municipality of Lake Sebu. The three (3) lakes in Lake
Sebuhave a total land area of 453 hectares while Lake Seloton covers 304 hectares. Lake Sebu and
Lake Seloton are main sources of the province’s aquaculture products, all four (4) lakes are also
being aggressively promoted as eco-tourism sites of the province.
The Expanded NIPAS Act of 2018 categorized AVPL as one of the “remaining
initial components” of ENIPAS which would mean that within 3 years upon the
effectivity of ENIPAS, the DENR should comply with the requirements of the law for its
inclusion in the system such as maps and technical descriptions, protected area
suitability assessment and public consultations; otherwise, the remaining initial
component of ENIPAS shall be disestablished.
The proposed AVPL area under Protected Area Suitability Assessment (PASA) is 144, 745.36
hectares expanding to the proposed Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs).
In 2018, the Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office (PENRO) of the Department
of Environment and Natural Resources Regional Office XII (DENR XII), with the technical and
financial assistance from WILDLIFE PROTECH, had initially conducted activities and workshops to
comply with the requirements of RA 11038 that would make AVPL as a component part of ENIPAS.
Map 2.7.2 Proposed AVPL for Protected Area Suitability Assessment (PASA)
Source: PENRO, 2018

Table 2.7.4 NIPAS Areas, South Cotabato
Area Actual Use & Designated
Site/Name Legal Basis Location
(hectares) Function
Agriculture and Tourism;
Tupi, Polomolok, South
Supplies water requirement
Mt. Matutum Cotabato and
RA 11038 13, 947.46 of South Cotabato,
Protected Landscape Malungon, Sarangani
Sarangani& General Santos
Province
City
Source: DENR, PENRO, PEMO, RA11038, 2020
Table 2.7.5 Mt. Matutum Protected Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape (MMPL)
Landscape Area by Municipality, 2018
The Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape or MMPL was first
Area proclaimed under Presidential Proclamation No. 552 dated
Municipality
(hectares) March 20, 1995.Under PP 552, MMPL has a total area of
Tupi, South Cotabato 8,401.74 14,773 hectares. Of the total land area, 110.70 square
Tampakan, South Cotabato 170.4 kilometers are located in South Cotabato. The designation as
Polomolok, South a NIPAS Protected Landscape aims to protect and conserve
2,666.55
Cotabato the diverse biological resources within the area and pursue
Malungon, Sarangani 2,708.87 sustainable development by addressing the social and
TOTAL 13,947.56 economic needs of the local communities without causing
adverse impacts to the environment.
Source: DENR, PENRO, PEMO, RA11038,
2020
The protected area is straddling two (2) provinces: the
Municipalities of Tupi, Tampakan and Polomolok in South Cotabato; and the Municipality of
Malungon in Sarangani Province. It is bounded on the north by Mt. Magolo, in the south by Dole
Plantation, in the west by Quezon Mountain Range, and in the east by Buayan River/Manteo Creek.
Mt. Matutum supplies 25% of the water requirement of South Cotabato, Sarangani and General
Santos City wherein it flows to the headwaters and catchment area of several major drainages
including Klinan, Silway and Buayan, which empty into Sarangani Bay through General Santos City.
It is also the headwater of major river systems like the Marbel River, which drains into Lake Buluan
and discharges into Liguasan Marsh, Pulangi River and the Moro Gulf.5
The Expanded NIPAS Act of 2018 categorized MMPL as protected area number 91; but, it
decreased the land area to 13,947 hectares encompassing the provinces of South Cotabato and
Sarangani..
The Expanded NIPAS Act of 2018 categorized MMPL as protected area number 91; but, it
decreased the land area to 13,947 hectares encompassing the provinces of South Cotabato and
Sarangani. Recently, WILDLIFE PROTECH has been assisting DENR and LGUs within MMPL in re-
zoning of MMPL.
Table 2.7.6 Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape Area by Zones

Municipality Area (hectares)
Multiple Use Zone 7,339.00
Strict Protection Zone 6,608.00
Total MMPL Area 13, 947.00
Source: DENR-PENRO, PEMO,LGUs, WildLifeProtech, 2018
5
Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape Profile

Map 2.7.3 Existing NIPAS Areas of South Cotabato
Source: PPDO, 2020

Map 2.7.4 Proposed NIPAS Area of South Cotabato
Source: PPDO, 2020

Map 2.7.5 MMPL Zones and Sub-zones
Source: DENR-XII, PASO-MMPL, 2020

Non-NIPAS Areas
Non-NIPAS are areas that require protection for the same reason that NIPAS components are
accorded importance in terms of conservation and sustainable development. The following are
identified as Non-NIPAS Protected Areas: reserved second growth forests, mangroves, buffer strips,
freshwater swamps/marshes, unproclaimed watersheds, protected rice lands and coconut
preservation areas.
In South Cotabato, protected areas outside the NIPAS include 1) forests and unproclaimed
watersheds; 2) large wetlands or marsh in the Municipality of Tantangan; 3) easements or buffer
strips of rivers, creeks and lakes; and, 4) protected croplands (irrigated areas). Table 5 enumerates
South Cotabato’s unproclaimed watershed areas, which also span the province’s reserved second
growth forests or forestlands.
Forests and Unproclaimed Watersheds
Of South Cotabato’s eleven (11) watershed areas, six (6) are unproclaimed – three (3) of which
are spanning areas outside of the territorial jurisdiction of the province as shown in Table 2.7.1.
Meanwhile, a large portion of both the proclaimed and unproclaimed watersheds of South
Cotabato are forestlands. Forestlands refer to “those lands of the public domain which have been
subjected to land evaluation and classification and have been legally designated for multiple uses
such as protection forest, production forest, agro-forestry, rangeland forestland reservations, inland
water bodies, resettlements and military reservations.”6
The forest ecosystem may be classified into Protection Forest and Production Forest.
The South Cotabato Environment Code (2010) defines Protection Forest as "forestlands not the
subject of commercial or industrial activities that include all areas under NIPAS and such other areas
the DENR Secretary may designate. "It also defines Production Forest as "forestlands designated as
such for the sustainable production of timber and/or non-wood forest products. "In either way,
protection and production forests serve as the carbon sink of the world where forest vegetation
absorbs the emitted carbon gases.
The sustainable use of forestlands is a common concern of all segments of the population;
hence, everyone must have an equal share in maintaining the quality of forests. The LGUs, DENR
and local communities must share the responsibility of managing and conserving the forestlands in
consonance with the principle of co-management.
Table 2.7.7 Unproclaimed Watersheds, South Cotabato

Area
Name Location Actual Use / Designated Function
(has.)
For irrigation (domestic and industrial), Agriculture
32,925
(corn, rice, coconut, asparagus, papaya), Fishery,
Banga Watershed Banga and Norala, South Cotabato
Tourism, Built-up Areas, Reforestation & Other
Watershed Rehabilitation Projects
6
Senate Bill 3091 on the National Land Use Act of the Philippines

Area
Name Location Actual Use / Designated Function
(has.)
Tampakan & Tantangan, in S.C.; For Irrigation & Agriculture (corn, rice, pineapple &
Marbel-Buluan
Tacurong City, Pres. Quirino & Lutayan in 131,264 coconut plantations), Fishing, Tourism, Built-up
Watershed
S.K.; and, Buluan & Mangudadatu in areas and Reforestation & Rehabilitation Projects
Maguindanao
For Irrigation (domestic & industrial), Agriculture,
Tantangan
Tantangan, South Cotabato 234 Fishery, Tourism, Built-up Areas, and
Watershed
Reforestation and other Rehabilitation Projects
Silway-Klinan Tboli, Polomolok, Tupi, South Cotabato;
56,280 For irrigation
River Watershed Gen. Santos City
Buayan River Tupi, South Cotabato; Malungon and
Watershed Alabel, Sarangani; Gen. Santos City
Alip-Dalul River Tampakan, Koronadal City, Sultan
Watershed Kudarat
Source: DENR-FMS, PENRO-South Cotabato, 2018
Forest Land Cover of South Cotabato
The actual land cover of South Cotabato’s forestlands is shown in the Land Cover Map (Map
2.7.5). About 119,539 hectares remain as closed and open canopy forests in 2010, while a significant
portion of the forest lands are either agro-forestry areas or cultivated with annual and perennial crops
mixed with brushlands or grasslands.
Map 2.7.6 Land Cover Map of South Cotabato
Source: NAMRIA, 2018

A closed canopy forest is "a dense growth of trees in which the top branches and leaves form a
ceiling, or canopy, that light can barely penetrate to reach the forest floor".7 On the other hand, an
open canopy forest is "a forest in which the individual tree crowns do not overlap to form a continuous
canopy layer but are more widely spaced, leaving open sunlit areas within the woodland."8These
forest uses need the protection of the communities that directly benefit from its high ecological value.
Table 2.7.8 Land Cover of South Cotabato Table 2.7.9 Status of Forest Land Use Plans of South Cotabato as of
Classification Area(has.) February 11, 2019
Closed Canopy Forest Within

38,000.00 C/MLGUs
AD/CADC/No With
Open Canopy Forest 81,539.00 With Forest Remarks
need for FLUP
lands: 9
Arable Land (Cereal FLUP: 2
39,200.00
&Sugar) Banga Assisted by Protect Wildflife
Cropland Mixed with Other Koronadal
62,400.00 Assisted by Protect Wildflife
Plantation City
Cultivated Area Mixed with Opted to use Ancestral
117,249.00 Domains Sustainable
Grassland Lake Sebu
Grassland Development and Protection
10,154.00
Plan (ADSDPP)
Other Plantations 9,700.00 Norala
Marshland / Swamp 454.54 Polomolok Assisted by Protect Wildflife
Lake 757.00 Surallah √ Expired/For Updating
Sto. Niño No Forestlands
Built-up Areas 11,135.46
Tboli On-going Adoption
Source: PPDO Estimates based on Data from Tantangan Draft Prepared
DENR-NAMRIA-Remote Sensing and Resource Tampakan Assisted by Protect Wildflife
Data Analysis Department& PEMO, 2018 Tupi Assisted by Protect Wildflife
Source: DENR-PENRO Region XII

Easements
Public easements along rivers, creeks and lakes are protected and reserved for important public
and ecological uses under Presidential Decree (PD) 1067 or the Philippine Water Code and PD 705
or the Forestry Code of the Philippines.
Hence, in South Cotabato, the banks on both sides of rivers and creeks within
the zone of three (3) meters in urban areas, 20 meters in agricultural areas, and
40 meters in forest areas are delineated as easements.
The buffer strips along the banks of the lakes in Lake Sebu and Tboli are included under the AVPL
as part of the NIPAS.
Wetlands
The Municipality of Tantangan has about 4.55 hectares of wetlands, specifically marsh or
swamp. This tract of land is left uncultivated as it is mostly saturated with moisture probably due to
the presence of clay, a low permeable type of soil abundant in the municipality.
7
http://tapseis.anl.gov/glossacro/dsp_wordpopup.cfm?word_id=522
8Michael Allaby: Open Canopy. A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. 1998. Retrieved March 20, 2014 from encyclopedia.com:http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O7-opencanopy.html

A marsh or swamp is “a tract of soft, low-lying wetland that is saturated with water due to the
impermeable nature of the soil and he flatness of the surface.”9
Wetlands have important ecological functions especially as feeding stations for migratory birds
or habitat for various species, hence, must be protected in its current state.
Protected Croplands
In the thrust of sustaining adequate, healthy and safe staple food for the people, irrigated areas
of the province with a total service area of 23,689 hectares shall be delineated as prime agricultural
lands that must not be reclassified or converted into non-agricultural uses.
The irrigated areas, which are serviced by the ALA River Irrigation System (ALA RIS), Banga
RIS, Marbel-1 RIS and Marbel-2 RIS, and the various community irrigation systems (CIS), are
considered as Protected Croplands of the province.
Biodiversity Corridor
To facilitate habitat connectivity for improved ecological coherence, the province established its
first biodiversity corridor: the Tupi-Tampakan Biodiversity Corridor. A biodiversity corridor is a strip of
land that aids the movement of species between disconnected areas of their natural habitat – forests.
This allows wildlife to pass more safely between ‘islands’ of fragmented habitat.10
Map 2.7.7 Tupi-Tampakan Biodiversity Corridor, South Cotabato
Source: PEMO, 2018
9
Serote: Property, Patrimony &Territory, 2004, p.234
10
PEMO Presentation on Biodiversity Corridor

The Tupi-Tampakan Biodiversity Corridor Project started from the concept of Tampakan Eco-
belt Project covering the barangays of Kipalbig, Maltana, Lampitak, Tablu, Albagan, and Lambayong.
Agro-ecological zoning was then conducted starting with the establishment of 460 markers covering
(10) barangays of the corridor. This would help ensure the protection of 4,364 hectares of watershed
and wildlife habitat by interlinking and interconnecting the fragmented forest habitat of the Tupi and
Tampakan mountain ridges towards the main habitat of Mt. Matutum.
Ancestral Domain
Ancestral Domains form a significant part of LGU territories as the province is home to various
indigenous cultural communities (ICCs). It is regarded as the third domain that must be considered
in land use planning (the other two being land of the public domain and land of the private domain).
The dominant groups of indigenous peoples (IPs) in South Cotabato are the Tbolis and the B’laans,
comprising 13% and 6% of the province’s household population, respectively.
While ancestral domains may be zoned to include areas for settlements, production,
infrastructure and protection, these areas are generally protected as lands belonging to the
Indigenous Peoples (IPs). Ancestral lands are also mostly located in upland areas or forest lands.
RA 8371 or the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA) recognizes, promotes and protects the rights
of the IPS to their ancestral domain and ancestral lands. Hence, ancestral domains are generally
included among the protection areas of South Cotabato.
As defined under the IPRA (RA 8371), Ancestral Domains refer to “all areas generally belonging
to ICCs/IPs comprising lands, inland waters, coastal areas, and natural resources therein, held under
a claim of ownership, occupied or possessed by ICCs/IPs by themselves or through their ancestors,
communally or individually since time immemorial, continuously to the present except when
interrupted by war, force majeure or displacement by force, deceit, stealth or as a consequence of
government projects or any other voluntary dealings entered into by government and private
individuals/corporations, and which are necessary to ensure their economic, social and cultural
welfare.”
Ancestral domains claimed by the Tboli, B’laan, Manobo, Ubo and Tasaday tribes and with
current application for Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) encompass a total land area of
more or less 220,631.67 hectares which mostly include the upland areas of South Cotabato and the
neighboring areas of Sarangani and Davao del Sur.
As Shown in Table 2.7.10, there are 10 new applications for CADT, as of August, 2020,
notwithstanding the past applications some of which were already approved.
The ancestral domain areas with applications for CADT are mostly located in the municipalities
of Lake Sebu and Tboli, and portions of Tampakan, Surallah, Polomolok, Tupi, Tantangan, Norala,
Banga and Koronadal City as can be seen in Map 2.7.8. Most of these areas are also within the
protected landscapes of the province.

Map 2.7.8 Ancestral Domain Areas in South Cotabato
Source: NCIP, 2020
Table 2.7.10 Ancestral Domain Areas in South Cotabato by Type of Application, Location, Area and Right Holders
No. of Right
Type Of Location of Ancestral Domain (South Right Status /
City/Municipality Area (Hectares) Holders
Application Cotabato Only) Holders Remarks
(Individuals)
Barangays Aflek, Afus, Basag, Datal Bob,
DatalDlanag, Kematu, Lambuling, Lamhaku,
Lamsalome, Lambangan, Malugong, Maan,
Overlapped tiled
Mongokayo, Talcon, Talufo, Tudok, T'bolok,
Conversion of 88,184.1824 properties per
Tboli, Surallah, Salacafe, Poblacion, Desawo, New
CADC 168 & (including Tboli&Blaan LRA projection;
Polomolok, Tupi Dumangas, Laconon, Edwards, 17,912
169 into Maasim&Maitum, Tribes awaiting
Sinolon&Lampari of Tboli Municipality;
CADT Sarangani) DENR&DAR
Barangay Veterans of Surallah Municipality;
projection result
Barangay Matin-ao of Polomolok
Municipality; Barangay Simbo of Tupi
Municipality
Conversion of Barangays Hanoon, Lower & Upper Overlapped tiled
CADC 003 & Maculan, Halilan, Lamcade, Denlag, Klubi, properties per
004 into Lamdalag, Poblacion, Lake Seloton, Lake Tboli&Ubo LRA projection;
Lake Sebu 40,981.6583 41,197
CADT (issued Lahit, Talisay, Lamlahak, T'konel, Tribes awaiting
March 24, Bacdulong, Tasiman, Luhib and Lamfugon, DENR&DAR
1995) Lake Sebu Municipality projection result
Overlapped tiled
properties per
Conversion of
Barangays Danlag, Pulabato&Tablu, LRA projection;
CADC 170 Tampakan 4,533.3192 B’laan Tribe 2,867
Tampakan Municipality awaiting
into CADT
DENR&DAR
projection result
Tboli,
SitiosTasaday, Blit, Tasufao, Lamfenek,
Manobo-
Lambentong, Tulo, Datal-Lawa, Tubak, With LRA CNO;
Direct CADT Tasaday
Lake Sebu Fulosubong, Fenohok, Luyong, Blugsanay, 15,941.3967 1,482 awaiting DENR
Application and
Lambadak, DatalLigaw and KuloIngal, projection result
Manobo-Blit
Barangay Ned, Lake Sebu Municipality
Tribes

No. of Right
Type Of Location of Ancestral Domain (South Right Status /
City/Municipality Area (Hectares) Holders
Application Cotabato Only) Holders Remarks
(Individuals)
Overlapped tiled
Barangays Tinongkop, Libas, Maibo, properties per
Direct CADT BukayPait&Dumadalig of Tantangan Tboli&B’laan LRA projection;
Tantangan, Norala 4,963.8177 2,279
Application Municipality; Barangays San Miguel, Tribes awaiting
Puti&Tinago of Norala Municipality DENR&DAR
projection result
SitiosTubak, Datal-Lawa,
Lambadak&Malunes of Barangay Upper
Awaiting for
Direct CADT Surallah, Lake Sepaka, Surallah Municipality; Tboli-Ubo
5,379.5931 1,228 DENR
Application Sebu SitiosDatalBonglangon, TawanDagat, Tribe
projection result
Segowit&Tuburan of Barangay Ned, Lake
Sebu Municipality
Direct CADT Sitios Yama, Uhay&Blacol, Barangay Ned, Tboli Tao
Lake Sebu 19,000.0000 NDA Pending
Application Lake Sebu Municipality Mohin Tribe
Sitio El Gawel of Barangay Saravia,
Perimeter
Direct CADT SitioSalkan of Barangay Paraiso, SitioAcub
Koronadal City 2,648.0248 B’laan Tribe NDA Survey
Application of Barangay San Isidro and Barangay
conducted
Assumption, Koronadal City
Barangays Lambingi, Lampari, Lam-apos, Identified as
Direct CADT Tboli&B’laan
Banga Lamba, Rang-ay, El Nonok, San Vicente & 3,999.6749 NDA priority area of
Application Tribes
Malaya, Banga Municipality PDAP 2014
Identified as
Direct CADT Barangays San Jose &Mabini, Koronadal
Koronadal City 5,000.0000 B’laan Tribe NDA priority area of
Application City
PDAP 2015
Identified as
Direct CADT Barangays Colunggulo, Little Baguio,
Surallah 20,000.0000 Tboli Tribe NDA priority area of
Application Muloy&Talahik, Surallah Municipality
PDAP 2014
Barangays Linan, Acmonan&Kablon, Tupi Identified as
Direct CADT
Tupi, Polomolok Municipality; Barangays Kinilis, Palkan, 10,000.0000 B’laan Tribe NDA priority area of
Application
Maligo&Landan, Polomolok Municipality PDAP 2016
GRAND TOTAL 220,631.67 66,965
Source: NCIP Region XII, 2018
NDA = No Data Available
Protected Wildlife
Wildlife means "wild forms and varieties of flora and fauna, in all development stage, including
those which are in captivity or are being bred or propagated."11
The province, through the PEMO and DENR, would still work for the conduct of biodiversity
inventory that would include the protected wildlife species.
The tarsier, mostly found at Brgy. Linan Wildlife

Tarsier is a rare wildlife species Sanctuary in Tupi, was protected through an
among the thousands of protected ordinance by the Municipality of Tupi. The
ordinance also promotes responsible eco-tourism
wildlife both flora and fauna found in
that would trigger economic boost within the
the province.
communities.
Major Forest and Natural Resources Management Interventions
Among the major forest management programs is the National Greening Program or NGP of the
national government where a 74.85% accomplishment was reported for South Cotabato as of
11
RA 9147: “Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act”

November 23, 2012. A noticeable component of the NGP is the Urban Greening where the urban
areas of the province was "greened" - public areas considered as urban such as the national
highways were planted with trees.
Interventions to ensure protection, resource conservation and sustainable management of Lake

Sebu are being implemented through the Lake Sebu Rehabilitation, Conservation and Development
Program. Cleaning up of fish cages, water hyacinth and illegal structures within the lake and the
lakeshore easements/buffer strips are being sustained. This is complemented by the planting of fruit
trees such as coffee, coconut, balabago, sweet guyabano, jackfruit, mangosteen and durian in
communities situated near the lake as part of the soil and water conservation measures to control
lake siltation while providing additional source of income for families.
Re-vegetation of riparian zones is also sustainably strengthened through the Bamboo

Development Program where bamboos are planted along riverbanks and harvested for livelihood
development. As a way of creating economic opportunities from environmental protection activities,
a Bamboo Hub was also established at the Municipality of Surallah that would serve as engineered
bamboo production center capable of manufacturing bamboo tiles, planks and other products that
may be used for the production of chairs, tables, panels and other furniture.
It is noticeable that the riparian zone re-vegetation program of the province

had influenced the increase in production of bamboo poles in 2017 where it was
recorded that 95,005 bamboo poles were harvested for the year and the province
become the leading bamboo pole producer in Region XII.
In the national scene, Region XII is second to Region I in bamboo pole production. Region I had
produced 708, 358 bamboo poles in 2017.
Forest protection and enforcement of forest laws are also strengthened through the
apprehension of illegal utilization and transport of forest products.
Table2.7.11 Bamboo Pole Production Region XII, 2017

Province Bamboo Poles (pc)
Cotabato 4,600
Sarangani 1,600
South Cotabato 95,005
Sultan Kudarat 2,520
TOTAL 103, 725
Source: 2017 Philippine Forestry Statistics, DENR-FMB
2.7.2 Urban Environment Management and Pollution Control
In contrast with the forest ecosystem, urban environment management deals with the
management of the urban ecosystem to control the effects of urbanization on human and
environmental health – particularly on the quality of air, water and land. Management of urban wastes
is the focal point in this sub-sector of environmental management.

Rapid urbanization and economic growth have exerted pressure on the urban environment.
Pollution and some degree of urban heat island effect are already manifesting and are being
addressed by our local governments.
To address issues on pollution and urban wastes, the province has established its own pool of
Pollution Control Officers (PCOs).The PCOs are tasked to spearhead the planning for the
establishment of waste water treatment facilities at the city and the municipalities of the province.
The basic course for the designated PCOs covered, but not limited to the following: The
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999; Toxic Chemicals and Hazardous Waste Act; Basic Standard Air
Sampling Methodology; Water Quality Guidelines; Water Effluent Standards; Water Sampling
Methodology; Pollution Adjudicatory Board Rules and Regulations; and Self-monitoring Report and
Permitting Requirements.
Solid Waste Management
The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 or R.A. 9003 provides for the systematic
and proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste to ensure
the protection of the public health and environment.
According to the Act, solid waste refers to all discarded household, commercial waste, non-
hazardous institutional, ports/harbors and industrial waste, street sweepings, construction debris,
agricultural waste, and other non-hazardous/non-toxic solid waste. The law further classified solid
waste as biodegradables, recyclables, residuals and special wastes.
In 2018, the province had generated a total of 980,195.39 tons of solid waste per day.
Biodegradable wastes scored the highest with 905,529.92 tons a day.
With this waste production, permanent Environment and Natural Resources Officers (ENROs)
are needed by the respective C/MLGUs.
Table 2.7.12 Total Waste Generation (in tons) by Waste Composition, All Sources, South Cotabato, 2017-2018
Municipality/City Biodegradable Recyclable Residual Special Total
Banga 13,869.52 2,659.91 2,279.92 189.99 18,999.34
Koronadal City 18,809.68 1,052.12 7,708.24 273.46 27,843.50
Lake Sebu 17,095.71 3,663.37 2,930.69 732.67 24,422.44
Norala 10,019.27 3,463.14 1,410.12 92.91 14,985.44
Polomolok 751,048.70 4,608.80 14,927.40 1,147.00 771,731.90
Sto. Niño 8,191.04 2,890.95 4,818.26 160.61 16,060.86
Surallah 27,532.02 1,090.26 2,429.11 413.77 31,465.16
Tampakan 557.63 23.56 208.08 13.55 802.82
Tantangan 7,116.07 1,718.64 2,236.48 161.75 11,232.94
Tboli 28,702.31 1,531.41 2,728.03 185.62 33,147.37
Tupi 22,587.97 1,976.74 4,502.25 436.66 29,503.62
TOTAL 905,529.92 24,678.90 46,178.58 3,807.99 980,195.39
Source: DENR-EMB XII
Table 2.7.13 Solid Waste Disposal Method by City/Municipality, 2017

Disposal
City/Municipality Disposal Method AREA
Site/Location
Barangay
Controlled Dumpsite
Koronadal City Mambucal, 6.0 Hectares
“SLF on-going construction”
Koronadal City

Disposal
City/Municipality Disposal Method AREA
Site/Location
Brgy. Paraiso, Koronadal City
With temporary MOA with Surallah Cluster SLF for
residual waste disposal
Surallah
*Entered into a MOA with Surallah: Barangay Colongulo,
Clustered Sanitary Landfill Category 2 6.0 Hectares
Tantangan, Banga, Norala, Sto. Surallah
Niño, Lake Sebu & Tboli
Polomolok
*Entered into a MOA with Barangay Kinilis,
Clustered Sanitary Landfill Category 2 8.5 Hectares
Polomolok: Polomolok
Tampakan & Tupi
Source: PEMO South Cotabato
While it is expected that waste generation will increase with the increase in population, it is
aspired that the expected rise in the volume of waste collected can be arrested by efforts on waste
reduction, segregation and recycling at source.
The province's advocacy and capacity-building programs and activities on solid waste
management increase the people's awareness and participation. If these programs and activities are
sustained, it is expected for the volume of waste generation and collection to steadily drop in the long
run.
In terms of material recovery and processing, 2019 records of DENR Region XII reveal that the
number of Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) in the province, including Gen. Santos City, was only
45, serving only 38 of 225 barangays or 17%, including barangays of Gen. Santos City. Hence, LGUs,
particularly the barangays, are capacitated to establish their own individual or clustered MRFs as
mandated by RA 9003.
Table 2.7.14 Status of South Cotabato’s SLF, 2019

LGUs Final Disposal Facility SLF Location Status
1st District
1. Polomolok SLF Category 1 Matin-ao, Brgy. Silway 8 Operational
2. Tupi MOA w/ Polomolok SLF -
3. Tampakan MOA w/ Polomolok SLF -
2nd District
4. Koronadal City SLF Category 1 Purok Pagunsan, Brgy. Paraiso Operational
5. Tantangan Clustered w/ Surallah SLF -
6. Banga Clustered w/ Surallah SLF -
7. Surallah SLF Category 2 Purok Colambosinong, Brgy. Colongulo Operational
8. Norala Clustered w/ Surallah SLF -
9. Sto. Niño Clustered w/ Surallah SLF -
10. Tboli Clustered w/ Surallah SLF -
11. Lake Sebu Clustered w/ Surallah SLF -
As the final stage of solid waste management, waste disposal mechanisms need to be in place
to address rampant illegal dumping of wastes in public open places and bodies of water and the
perilous practice of waste burning.

Category 2 Sanitary Landfill refers to a final disposal facility applied to LGUs with net residual
waste generated greater than 15 tons per day but less than or equal to 75 tons per day.It is also
applied to a cluster of LGUs with a collective disposable residual waste greater than 15 tons per day
but less than or equals to 75 tons per day.12
Koronadal City's disposal method is through Controlled Dumpsite located atBarangay

Mambucal. This controlled dumpsite is compliant with the requirements of the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR).
Hence, there are only two (2) disposal methods practiced by the LGUs in the province: controlled
dumpsite and sanitary landfill. There are two (2) clusters of LGUs using sanitary landfill. The Surallah
Cluster, which includes the municipalities of Surallah, Tantangan, Banga, Norala, Sto. Niño and Tboli,
dispose their wastes at the Sanitary Landfill at Barangay Colongulo, Surallah, South Cotabato.The
other cluster of LGUs includes the municipalities of Polomolok, Tampakan and Tupi. Their Sanitary
Landfill is located in Barangay Kinilis, Polomolok, South Cotabato.
South Cotabato’s two (2) SLFs are both functional and accept wastes from the clustered
municipalities (Table 2.7.14).
Table 2.7.15 below describes the assessment and evaluation conducted by DENR-EMB Region
XII in 2017 on the status of disposal facilities in South Cotabato .
Table 2.7.15 Status of LGU Disposal Facilities, South Cotabato, 2017

Disposal Facilities
City/Municipality Location
Disposal Type Status Status of Issued ATC
Controlled
Koronadal Brgy. Sta. Cruz Operational Partially complied
Dumpsite Facility
Controlled Undergoing
Banga Brgy. Reyes Partially complied
Dumpsite Facility Rehabilitation
Complied, but no report on
Lake Sebu Brgy. Poblacion Open Dumpsite Closed
stability status
Norala Brgy. Poblacion Open Dumpsite Closed Partially complied
Brgy. Kinilis Open Dumpsite Closed
Polomolok stability status
Brgy. Kinilis SLF Category 2 Operational -
Sto. Niño Brgy. Ambalgan Open Dumpsite Closed
stability status
Controlled
Brgy. Centrala Closed stability indicators and
Surallah Dumpsite Facility
maintenance works
Brgy. Colongolo SLF Category 2 Operational -
Tampakan Brgy. Maltana Open Dumpsite Closed stability indicators and
maintenance works
Partially complied (covered with
Tantangan Brgy. Poblacion Open Dumpsite Closed
soil)
Controlled
Tboli Brgy. Edwards Closed stability indicators and
Dumpsite Facility
maintenance works
Controlled
Tupi Brgy. Acmonan Closed stability indicators and
Dumpsite Facility
maintenance works
12
DENR's DAO No. 10
Major Solid Waste Management Plans, Programs and Activities
Table 2.7.16 LGU's with 10-year SWM
The PEMO has programs and projects for the processing of Plan
biodegradable and recyclable wastes generated within the Status: All Approved by the NSWMC
as of 2017
province. It promotes the use of vermi-culture in waste
Banga 2015-2024
composting, which converts biodegradable wastes into organic
fertilizer by using the Eudrilius eugeniae also known as the General Santos City 2016-2025
African Night crawler (ANC), as "eaters" of the biodegradable Koronadal City 2012-2022
wastes. Lake Sebu 2009-2018
Norala 2014-2023
The PEMO also promotes and implements the "Waste Fair", Polomolok 2014-2023
which supports individuals and groups that produce consumer Sto. Niño 2009-2018
Surallah 2014-2023
products out of recyclable wastes. It also conducts the "Clean
Tampakan 2015-2024
and Green Program", which evaluates and recognizes the LGUs
Tantangan 2015-2024
in their solid waste management and greening efforts.
Tboli 2014-2023
Tupi 2015-2024
Assistance is also provided in the formulation of the 10-Year
Source: DENR-EMB XII, 2018
Solid Waste Management Plans of the component LGUs. Among
the 11 LGUs of South Cotabato, eight have existing plans. The SWM Plans of Tampakan and
Polomolok have already expired and are due for updating, while Koronadal City has already updated
their plan for another planning period (2012-2022)
Table 2.7.17 Major Sources of Air Pollution in Air Pollution Control
Region XII, 2017
Mobile Stationary Air pollution in the province is being monitored by the
Area sources
Sources Sources South Cotabato Airshed Board duly organized by EMB
Industrial Construction of Region XII. The Airshed Status Report reveals that the
Buses Processing Infrastructure overall quality of air in South Cotabato Airshed is “Good”
Plants Facility as reflected in Table 2.7.20.
Jeepneys Power Plants Smoking
Service Burning of Solid Within the South Cotabato Airshed, EMB Region XII
Factories
Vehicles waste established and maintained two (2) major ambient air
Tricycles monitoring stations. The average annual readings for
Trucks 2011 of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) for the two
Source: DENR-EMB XII National Air Quality Status (2) stations were within 52.1 – 71.2 µg/NCM categorized
Report as “Good”, according to DENR Air Quality Indices.13
Airshed of South Cotabato
The Department of Environment and Natural Resources Region XII (DENR XII) has organized
the South Cotabato Airshed.
The South Cotabato Airshed is a common administrative airshed covering the ten (10)
municipalities of South Cotabato and the cities of Koronadal and General Santos, focusing on the
major sources of air pollution, especially mobile sources. This airshed is being managed by its
Governing Board (GB), comprising of government agencies, local government units (LGUs), non-
government organizations (NGOs), private sectors, academe, civil society, and peoples’
organizations that formulate and approve resolutions and policies. The Executive Committee
13
Airshed Status Report , DENR-EMB Region XII

(ExeCom) prepares policies and recommendations, and review and evaluate the outputs of the
Technical Working Group (TWG).
The South Cotabato Airshed, with its GB, was created by virtue of DENR Administrative Order
(DAO) No. 13 dated May 18, 2004. The GB has achieved notable accomplishments, including among
others the preparation of Airshed Status Report and formulation and implementation of action plans.
Air Quality and Degree of Air Pollution
Table 2.7.18 determines the Emission Inventory for Region XII in 2017 quantified in tons per
hour as evaluated by DENR-EMB XII.
PM10 (PM10) refers to fraction of particles in air of a very small size in<10 µm) in area sources.
Other particles are Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxide (NO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). Total
Suspended Particulates (TSP) are also measured.
Table 2.7.18 National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values

Short Terma Long Termb
Pollutants Averaging Averaging
µg/NCM ppm µg/NCM ppm
Time Time
Suspended Particulate Matterc-
TSP 230d 24 hours 90 1 yeare
PM-10 150 f 24 hours 60 1 yeare
Sulfur Dioxidec (SO2) 180 0.07 24 hours 80 0.03 1 year
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 150 0.08 24 hours
140 0.07 1 hour
Photochemical Oxidants as Ozone
60 0.03 8 hour
35 mg/NCM 30 1 hour
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
10 mg/NCM 9 8 hour
Leadg 1.5 3 monthsg 1.0 1 year
Source: DENR ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 2000 – 81 Series of 2000
a Maximum limits represented by ninety-eight percentile (98%) values not to exceed more than once a year.
b Arithmetic mean.
c SO2 and Suspended Particulate matter are sampled once every six days when using the manual methods. A minimum of twelve
sampling days per quarter or forty-eight sampling days each year is required for these methods. Daily sampling may be done in the
future once continuous analyzers are procured and become available.
d Limits for Total Suspended Particulate Matter with mass median diameter less than 25-50 µm.
e Annual Geometric Mean.
f Provisional limits for Suspended Particulate Matter with mass median diameter less than 10 µm and below until sufficient monitoring
data are gathered to base a proper guideline.
g Evaluation of this guideline is carried out for 24-hour averaging time and averaged over three moving calendar months. The monitored
average value for any three months shall not exceed the guideline value.
Major Air Pollution Generators and Air Pollutants
Being part of Region XII, South Cotabato has three (3) major sources of air pollution: mobile
sources which include the buses, jeepneys, tricycles and all other service vehicles; stationary
sources which include industrial processing plants, power plants and factories; and, area sources
which include construction of infrastructure facilities, smoking and burning of garbage. These
sources of pollution emit pollutants in the form of suspended particulate matter, carbon dioxide,
carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulfur and others.14
14
State of the Brown Environment, DENR-Region XII

Majority of air pollutants in the province were emitted by mobile and area sources. The burning
of garbage in an open space is still noticeably practiced in the barangays although there are already
existing ordinances prohibiting such practices.
Table 2.7.19 Emissions Inventory for Region XII in Tons/Hour, 2017

Sources PM10 SO2 NO2 CO
Stationary 73.41 2,148.50 2,454.83 563.99
Mobile 61,747.33 133.99 103,168.47 315,507.82
Area 1,075.12 6.78 38.60 5,785.87
TOTAL 62,895.86 2,289.26 105,661.91 321,857.68
Table 2.7.20 Major Sources of Air Pollution in Region XII 2016-2017

Mobile Sources Stationary Sources Area Sources
56% 2% 42%
Air Pollution Control Facilities and Services
There are two (2) ambient air monitoring stations located within the province. One (1) ambient
air monitoring station is located in Tupi while the other one (1) is located in Koronadal City. The two
(2) stations are being managed by DENR-EMB XII. Table 2.7.18 shows that the guideline value for
PM10 is 150 μg/Ncm, which means values lower than that is within standard.
Table 2.7.21 Ambient PM10 Concentrations (μg/Ncm) of Sampling Stations in South Cotabato, 2017-2019
PM10 Concentrations
Number of (µg/Ncm ) Actual Geo
Year Station Location
Samples Mean(µg/Ncm)
Minimum Maximum
I Koronadal City 390 43.48 98.49 82.69
2017 II Tupi - - - -
III General Santos City - - - -
I Koronadal City 164 17.34 97.78 77.14
2018 II Tupi - - - -
III General Santos City - - - -
I Koronadal City 81 0.65 132.75 18.69
2019 II Tupi 92 4.03 133.23 29.55
III General Santos City 83 5.00 198.9031 38.47
There are seventeen (17) Private Emission Testing Centers (PETCs) licensed by DENR-EMB
XII in the province monitoring the air pollutants emitted by vehicles such as tricycles, jeepneys, cars
and SUVs, among others.
Table 2.7.22 Private Emission Testing Centers (PETCs) in South Cotabato, 2017-2018
Name of PETC Location
Digos Private Emission Test Center, Inc. - Surallah J P Laurel St., Surallah
Digos Private Emission Test Center, Inc. (Alunan Ave. -
Alunan Ave. Koronadal City
Koronadal City)
Digos Private Emission Test Center, Inc. - Polomolok Anastacio Subdivision, National Highway, Poblacion, Polomolok
Digos Private Emission Test Center, Inc. (Paredes -Koronadal Libanan Prop., corner Paredes St., and Gen Santos Drive,
City) Koronadal City
Sarangani PETC - Koronadal City Gensan Drive, Zone 1, Koronadal City
Exodus Auto Smoke Emission Test Center JP Laurel St., Surallah
Polomolok Private Emission Testing Center Inc. National Highway, Lumakil, Polomolok
Name of PETC Location
JAL Emission Testing Center, Inc. Deypalan Street, Polomolok
CSC Emission Test Center National Highway, Tupi, South Cotabato
Sarangani Private Emission Testing Center Gen.Santos Drive, Zone III, Koronadal City, South Cotabato
Insicano Emission Test Center Gen.Santos Drive, Zone III, Koronadal City, South Cotabato
Smile Emission Testing Center Arellano St., Koronadal City
CSC Emission Test Center Purok Kahirup, Brgy. Sto. Nino, Koronadal City, South Cotabato
RDP Emission Testing Center General Santos Drive, Brgy. Morales, Koronadal City
CSC Emission Test Center Purok Malipayon, Zone IV, Libertad, Surallah, South Cotabato
Duma Si Bay Pollution Rest Co JP Laurel Street, Surallah, South Cotabato
Abe's Private Smoke Emission Test Center J.P. Laurel Street, Surallah, South Cotabato
Source: DENR –EMB XII
Major Programs, Projects and Activities on Air Pollution Control
Management of Stationary Sources of Air Pollution15
The Bantay Tsimneya Program of DENR-EMB XII is an extensive list of tasks involving issuance
of Permit to Operate for Air (POA) Pollution Source and Control Equipment, surveillance of
firms/industries without Permit to Operate, monitoring of firms/industries with Permit-to-Operate, and
conduct of stack sampling.
This program is designed to manage stationary sources of air pollution. Once issued with POA,
firms/industries are subjected for regular inspection in order to ensure that owner, pollution control
officers, managers, and workers are abiding with the stipulated laws and regulations. Unscheduled
visits are done to observe actual practices made within each firm/industry.
Management of Mobile Sources of Air Pollution16
A set of comprehensive programs is created to address management of mobile sources. The

BantayUsok/Tambutso Program is a collaborative strategy of monitoring and regulating mobile
sources of air pollution. It is a joint activity performed by the AQMS together with the DOTC-LTO XII
and LGUs. Specific actions under this program include actual emission testing of roadside vehicles
and monitoring of PETCs.
The DENR-EMB XII in coordination with the DOTC-LTO XII had activated and maintained one
(1) Anti-Smoke Belching Unit (ASBU) to conduct regular anti-smoke belching campaign, roadside
inspection, and emission testing. This is to ensure proper regulation and monitoring of mobile sources
of air pollution.
Management of Area Sources and Other Sources of Air Pollution17
The Bantay Sunog-Basura is an active program of DENR-EMB Region XII in coordination with
the province and the component city and municipalities in the enforcement of the ban on open
15
State of the Brown Environment DENR - Region XII
16
17

burning. It also provides technical assistance to LGUs in identifying priority sites for greening. This
activity supports a strong advocacy on the management of area sources. The prohibition of open
burning is under the implementation of the R.A.9003, otherwise known as the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000.
Water Quality and Wastewater Management
The implementation of the Philippine Clean Water Act (R.A. 9275) is the primary responsibility
of the Water Quality Management Area (WQMA) of the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB)
Region XII.
In South Cotabato, the monitoring of water quality of Silway River is under the jurisdiction of
Silway River WQMA Governing Board. A Ten-Year Action Plan for Silway River WQMA was already
formulated.
The province has already organized Pollution Control Officers to help in implementing the
mandates on waste water management such as but not limited to, monitoring of water pollution.
Classification and Quality of Water Bodies
Inland Surface Water Quality
Inland waters consist of surface waters as rivers and lakes. In South Cotabato, the major inland
surface waters, among others are (1) Allah Valley River System which has three major tributaries
namely Allah River, Banga River and Kapingkong River (in Sultan Kudarat); and (2) Silway-Klinan
River Watershed which has two major tributaries namely Silway River and Klinan River.
According to Region 12 Water Quality Status Report (RWQSR) for Public Information and
Advocacy, the Allah River System and Silway-Klinan River Watershed meet the criteria for inland
surface water quality using physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters, which include color,
pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total
suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, turbidity, oil & grease, fecal
coliform and total coliform.
Table 2.7.22 shows the classification, assessment and status of water bodies within the
jurisdiction of the province.
Table 2.7.23 Surface Water Quality Status in South Cotabato, 2015-2017

Water Bodies Classification Status
1. Lake Sebu Lake Sebu was designated as WQMA in 2016.
Stations 1 – 6 C Its water quality during the monitoring in 2016 to 2017 maintain its standard as
Stations 7-10 B Class B and Class C.
• Silway River was designated as WQMA in 2010.
• The established 24 water sampling stations were continuously monitored on a
2. Silway River C
quarterly basis from Tboli down to its mouth in Sarangani Bay, General Santos
City
• Reclassified in 2015
• Monitoring was regularly conducted in 2016-2017
3. Marbel River C
• The water quality of Marbel River maintain its standard conforming to its
classification as Class C.

Water Bodies Classification Status
• Classified in 2004 as Class C. Monitoring of the water quality of the river was
4. Kipalbig River C
stopped after three years of classification.
• Classified in 2012 as Class C.
• Monitoring of the water quality of Sefali River continued after its classification
5. Sefali River C
until 2015.
• The quality of the river was maintained and conformed to its classification.
• Monitoring of the water quality of Kematu River is being continued since, it is
6. Kematu River C
one of the Priority Rivers for Monitoring.
• The quality of the river conformed to its classification as Class C.
• Monitoring of the water quality of the river is being continued since, it is one of
7. Taplan River C
the Priority Rivers for Monitoring.
• Classified in 2015 and monitoring was regularly done every quarter in 2016 to
2017.
8. Palian River B
• The water quality of Palian River maintain its standard conforming to its
classification as Class B.
• Classified in 2003 as Class B. Monitoring of the water quality of the river was
9. Banga River B
stopped after three years of classification.
10. Altayan River C
• Monitoring of the water quality of the river is being continued since, it is one of
11. Alah River C
the Priority Rivers for Monitoring.
Sources: DENR-EMB XII
CLASS B: Recreational Water Class I – Intended for primary contact recreation (e.g., bathing, swimming, skin diving, etc.)
CLASS C: Fishery Water, Recreational Water Class II or Water Supply Class I – Intended for propagation and growth of fish
& other aquatic resources, boating, manufacturing processes after treatment
Groundwater Quality
Groundwater or aquifer refers to water that is collected in porous layers of underground

formations. Groundwater resources in the province are used for domestic, agricultural, and industrial
sectors. The extraction of water from the ground brings about changes in water supply.
MGB Region 12 conducted physical and chemical analyses at selected stations in the region.
In-situ analysis was conducted using pH, conductivity, turbidity, iron, nitrates, salinity, and hardness
as parameters.
Results from the monitoring stations in South Cotabato were the following:
Acidity – acidic groundwater were detected in four (4) out of nineteen (19) wells in Banga and one
(1) out of thirteen (13) in Tampakan where wells located in Brgy. Pula-Bato, Tampakan registered
the most acidic groundwater at pH 3.9.
Nitrates - All monitoring stations in Region XII passed the 50 mg/L standard for nitrates. However,
nitrates were detected in 15percent of the stations. The highest recorded nitrate value was 8 mg/L
located at Barangay Lambingi, Banga, and Barangay Buto, Tampakan. Possible sources of nitrates
are the presence of septic tanks located less than 25 meters from deep wells as well as the leaching
of fertilizers to groundwater.

Turbidity - Nine (9) percent of groundwater monitoring stations in Region XII exceeded the turbidity
standard of five nephelo metric turbidity units (NTU) set by Philippine National Standard for Drinking
Water (PNSDW). Most of these are located in Tantangan, South Cotabato.
Iron – Fifty-one (51) percent of the monitoring stations exceeded the iron standard of 1 mg/L in the
region. This could be attributed to the geologic characteristics of the area. Most of the exceeding
stations are located in South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat.
Hardness - Nineteen (19) percent of the monitoring stations in the region failed to meet the 300mg/L
calcium carbonate (CaCO3) standard for hardness.
Salinity - All monitoring stations are non-saline. Saline waters were detected in two monitoring
stations: Brgy. Sta. Cruz, Koronadal (967 mg/L), and in Brgy. Morales, Koronadal (398 mg/L). High
salinity in groundwater indicates over-extraction and vulnerability to future water scarcity.
Wastewater Generation by Source and Treatment/Disposal Method
Table 2.7.23 describes and identifies “Point Sources" and "Non- point Sources" as two (2) major
sources of water pollution in the province.
Table 2.7.24 Major Sources of Water Pollution in South Cotabato

Type of Water Pollution Definition and Example
• Point sources are sources of water pollution where harmful substances are emitted directly into
Point Sources a body of water, examples of which are industrial effluents.
• Illegal small-scale mining operations in the province emitted mercury elements to nearby rivers.
• Non-point source delivers pollutants indirectly through environmental changes such as run-offs,
Non-point Sources domestic wastes from houses situated along riverbanks and coastal areas and instances of
floods and heavy rains.
Source: DENR XII, 2018
Wastewater Management Facilities and Services
Industries located in the province are investing into modern wastewater treatment facilities to
ensure that disposal of effluents from their firms are compliant with environmental regulations.
What is alarming on the other hand, are rampant and unregulated emission of domestic
wastewater. The emission of this kind of non-point water pollutants is worsening due to the increase
of population and urbanization. There are no existing local ordinances to specifically regulate the
emission of domestic wastewater.
Major Programs, Projects and Activities on Wastewater Management
The Provincial Environment and Management Office (PEMO) pushes for the establishment of
practical and affordable waste treatment facilities (WTFs) for the C/MLGUs of the province. This is
to facilitate the filtration of wastewater emanating from non-point sources like the residences, hotels,
resorts and restaurants, among others.

2.7.3 Quarry and Mining Resource Management and Development
Quarry operations and small-scale mining operations through the “Minahang Bayan” contribute
much to the local revenues of the province.
Table 2.7. 25 Metallic Mineral Reserves, 2018 & 2019

Proved Grade Probable Grade Total Reserve Average
Mineral
(mt) Mark (mt) Mark (mt) Grade
SMI
Cu (%) 465,000,000.00 0.75 179,800,000.00 0.29 644,800,000.00 0.52
Au (g/t) 282,000,000.00 0.6 108,100,000.00 0.23 390,100,000.00 0.42
TMC
Au N/A N/A N/A N/A 2,275,200.00 5.5 g/t
Source: DENR-MGB XII
Mineral Resources of South Cotabato
South Cotabato is rich in mineral resources especially in the mountainous areas of the
municipalities of Tampakan, Tboli and Lake Sebu where gold, silver and/or copper deposits are
found. Lake Sebu is also rich in coal deposits. A coal is a combustible black or dark brown rock
consisting mainly of carbonized matter, found mainly in underground deposits and widely used as
fuel.
The exploration activities of small scale mining companies in the province reveal an indicated
reserve of 2.2 billion tons of copper and 2.4 million tons of inferred gold and about 2 million inferred
iron reserves.
Gold, Silver, Copper and Iron are the four (4) major metallic mineral resources that can be found
in the province.
The province is also endowed with non-metallic mineral resources. DENR-MGB XII identified the
following as the major non-metallic mineral resources of the province: (1) Sand and Gravel; (2) Red
Clay; (3) Agri-Lime; (4) Shale; (5) Sandstone; and (6) Jasperoid.
The clay deposits found in Tantangan and Tampakan, which is the raw material for pottery and
bricks, have an estimated reserve of about 622,203 cubic meters.
Table 2.7.26 Non-Metallic Reserve, South Cotabato, 2018 & 2019

Mineral Total Reserve Remarks/Status
Sand and Gravel 19,206,334.00 cu.m. Within river systems
Sitio Bong Lawaan & Sitio Graciano both of Brgy. Palo,
98,040 cu.m.
Red Clay Tampakan
524,163.16cu.m. San Felipe, Tantangan
756 million tons Banga
Agri-Lime
108,000,000 mt Banga-Marbel Area
Shale 256,000,000 mt Geological reserve for Portland Cement raw materials in
Sandstone 600,000,000 mt Polomolok
Jasperoid 300,000,000 mt Banga-Marbel Area
Source: DENR XII / MGB XII, PEMO

Mining Operations and Mining Areas of the Province
South Cotabato has abundant deposit of mineral resources that can spur socio-economic growth
for its constituents. The province has already benefitted from the revenues collected on small-scale
mining operations; however, environmental and peace-and-order issues confront the mining industry.
There are three (3) types of mining permits that may be issued to applicants for mining
exploration, production and development: 1) Exploration Permit; 2) Financial or Technical Assistance
Agreement (FTAA); and 3) Mineral Agreement which has three modes – Mineral Production Sharing
Agreement (MPSA), Co-production Agreement and Joint Venture Agreement.
Large Scale Mining Tenements
The province has three (3) Large Scale or Corporate Mining Operators (Table 2.7.26): (1)
Sagittarius Mines, Inc. (SMI), (2) Tribal Mining Corporation (TMC), and (3) South Davao Development
Corporation, Inc. (SDDCI). Among the three (3), SMI covers the largest mining area with 23,571
hectares encompassing the territories of South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Davao del Sur and
Sarangani.
FTAA is "a contract involving financial or technical assistance for large-scale exploration,
development, and utilization of mineral resources which allows up to a maximum contract area of
1,000 meridional blocks onshore or 4,000 meridional blocks offshore."18
SMI is under the Declaration of Mining Project Feasibility (DMPF). This means that the DENR-
MGB would re-evaluate the DMPF and will either reject or approve the project.
MPSA is “an agreement where the Government grants to the contractor the exclusive right to
conduct mining operations within a contract area and shares in the gross output. The contractor shall
provide the financing, technology, management and personnel necessary for the implementation of
this agreement.”19
Unlike the FTAA, mineral agreements are only allowed a maximum area of 10 blocks onshore
for individuals in any one province, 100 blocks onshore for partnerships or corporations.
The DMPF of TMC was approved on an interim basis and the corporation is now under the
development and production stage. All of its mining areas are located at Barangay Kematu, Tboli
with an area of 84.94 hectares.
The SDDCI is still on the exploration stage of its operation. Its tenement is under an MPSA
covering a mining area of 3,227.9714 hectares that cover the territories of South Cotabato and Sultan
Kudarat.
Table 2.7.26 provides for the mining permits and contracts by tenement number, holder, area
and commodity for the year 2017-2020.
18
RA 7942:Philippine Mining Act of 1995, DAO 2010-21
19RA 7942:Philippine Mining Act of 1995

Table 2.7.27 Mining Permits and Contracts by Tenement No., Holder, Area and Commodity, South Cotabato: 2017-2020
Area in Has.
Tenement Type /
Holder / Status of Operation Location / Province (include other Commodities
No.
provinces)
Approved Mineral Production Sharing Agreement (MPSA)
TRIBAL MINING Gold, Copper,
MPSA-090-97-XI CORPORATION / Under Tboli, South Cotabato 84.94 Molybdenum,
Commercial/Production Stage. Silver, etc.
Tampakan, South
SOUTH DAVAO Gold, Copper,
Cotabato and
MPSA-321-2010-XII DEVELOPMENT CO., INC. / 3,227.92 and other mineral
Columbio, Sultan
No Operation deposits
Kudarat
Approved Financial or Technical Assistance Agreement (FTAA)
Columbio, Sultan 23,501.6216
SAGITTARIUS MINES, INC. / Kudarat
Full Declaration of Mining For South Cotabato
Project Feasibility (DMPF) Tampakan, South approximately
FTAA-002-95-XI– was approved on April 1, 2019 Cotabato 9,622.85 due to Gold, Copper,
Amended SMI 3-year Development political boundary Silver, etc.
Utilization Work Program was Matanao and Kiblawan, conflict between
duly approved on January 14, Davao del Sur Kiblawan, Davao del
2019 Sur, and Tampakan,
Malungon, Sarangani South Cotabato
Approved Mineral Processing Permit (MPP)
TRIBAL MINING
MPP-001-2012-XII– CORPORATION /
Tboli, South Cotabato 1.448 Gold, Silver
Renewal Temporary suspension of
milling operation
Source: DENR-MGB XII

Map 2.7.9Large Scale Metallic Mineral and Coal Mining Tenements (Approved and Application)

Source: DENR-MGB XII. 2020
| 2-240
Small-scale Mining Tenements
Small scale mining “refers to mining activities which rely heavily on manual labor using simple
implements and methods and do not use explosives or heavy mining equipment.” 20
Table 2.7.27 provides for Gold and Silver Small-Scale Mining Contractors Located at Tboli until
2019.
The province has two (2) declared Minahang Bayan, one is located in Brgy. Kematu, and the
other in Brgy. Desawo.
Table 2.7.28 List of Gold and Silver Small-Scale Mining Contractors Located at Tboli, South Cotabato, 2019
Name of Contractor Contract No. Area Covered Location
Maguan Clan Small-Scale Miners Association, Inc. (MCSSMAI)
Tunnel/Adit Owners:
Juaning B. Maguan
Jose Jorito Balonga
Edwin P. Adigue/ Pepe L. Maguan
Blazel L. Laude
Engelaida/ Blazel L. Laude
Swin B. Maguan
Fe P. Omadle SSMC SOCOT Barangay Kematu,
Eddie P. Maguan No. 001-XII- 20 hectares Tboli, South
Rolly P. Neminio 2019 Cotabato
Romer D. Tidula
Manuel D. Ofang
Nancy O. Layson
Allan l. Lanado
Darelle U. Maguan
Julieta P. Macarandan/ Lenny B. Maguan
Rosalino F. Hortel
Ariel L. Peñafiel
Desawo Integrated Small-Scale Mining Association, Inc.
(DISSMAI)
Tunnel/Adit Owners:
Mary Armen Tanco
Sarah Mae Fagalas
Juen Fagalas
Engelaida Laude
Antonio Balonga
Hernani De Ocampo
Ronaldo Daquil
Jake Piang SSMC SOCOT Barangay Desawo,
Lito Paciente
No. 002-XII- 20 hectares Tboli, South
Helen Fiang 1
Christopher Dela Cruz 2019 Cotabato
Presentacion D. Brecciavoli
Genna Villariez/ VSGV Tunnel
Mary Atam
Blaizel Laude
Debbie Costan
Abayon
Bimbo Mindal
DavinesTuan
PenieroPanes
Ronaldo Momo Pacardo
Source: PEMO
20
RA 7076: People’s Small-Scale Mining Act

Coal Mining
There are three (3) major coal mining companies located in the province issued with Coal
Operating Contracts (COC) by the Department of Energy (DOE). All of the coal mining areas are
located in Barangay Ned of Lake Sebu but the three (Daguma Agro Minerals, Inc., DMC-
Construction Equipment Resources, Inc. and Mega Philippines, Inc.) are already part of
Bagumbayan and Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat.
These coal mining corporations cover a total area of 36,000 hectares including areas
covered outside of South Cotabato.
Table 2.7.29 List of Existing Coal Operating Contract (COC) Holders, South Cotabato
COC Date of COC Award/Date of Area
Name of Company Location of Contract Area Type of COC
No. Expiration (has.)
Sultan Energy
23 Feb 2009/ Ned, Lake Sebu, South Development and
Philippines 134 7,000
23 Feb 2019 Cotabato Production
Corporation
Ned, Lake Sebu, South
Bonanza Energy 25 May 2009/ Development and
138 Cotabato & Bagumbayan, 8,000
Resources, Inc. 25 May 2019 Production
SK
Dell Equipment and Maitum, Sarangani and
18 November 2009/
Construction 170 Ned, Lake Sebu, So. Exploration 10,000
18 November 2013
Corporation Cotabato
TOTAL MINING AREA 25,000
Source: DOE Mindanao Field Office
Map 2.7.10 Coal Mining Operations in South Cotabato
Source: DENR-MGB XII, 2020

Quarry Operations and Areas
Quarry operations within the province are regulated by the Provincial Environment
Management Office (PEMO) through the Provincial Mining Regulatory Board (PMRB). Taxes from
quarry operations have considerably contributed to the province’s revenues. Construction materials
like sand and gravel, limestone, and sandstone are among the abundant non-metallic resources of
the province.
Table 2.7.30 Quarry Operation Areas, South Cotabato, 2020

Municipality/City Location Quarry Type
Brgys. Cabuling, San Vicente, Liwanay, Reyes, Rizal, Lamba, Lambingi, Sand and
Banga
Lam-apos, Rangay, Reyes, San Jose, and Punong Grande Gravel/Limestone
Brgys. Namnama, New Pangasinan/Concepcion, Caloocan, Carpenter Hill,
Koronadal City Sand and Gravel
Sto. Niño, Magsaysay, and San Jose
Lake Sebu Brgys. Lamlahak and Lower Maculan Sand and Gravel
Sto. Niño Brgys. Poblacion and M. Roxas Sand and Gravel
Brgys. Duengas, Colongulo, Dajay, Centrala, Tubi-ala, Moloy, Buenavista,

Surallah Sand and Gravel
and Veterans
Brgys. Upper Klinan, Cannery, Koronadal Proper, Lamcaliaf, Silway 8, Polo,

Sand and
Polomolok Magsaysay, Crossing Palkan, Maligo, Kinilis, Palkan, Poblacion, Silway 7,
Gravel/Limestone
and Glamang
Tupi Brgys. Cebuano, Crossing Rubber, and Polonuling Sand and Gravel
Sand and
Tantangan Brgys. Maibo, New Lambunao, San Felipe, and Tinongcop
Gravel/Limestone
Tampakan Brgys. Buto, Sta. Cruz, Liberty, and Maibo Sand and Gravel
Tboli Brgys. Poblacion, Edwards, and Aflek Sand and Gravel

Source: PEMO
Major Mining and Quarry Operations Management Project, Programs and Activities
The present construction boom experienced by the province demands a considerable volume of
quarry materials like sand and gravel, limestone and sandstone. The current quarry areas of the
province need to be monitored regularly to ensure that the resources will not be abused and to avoid
river meandering.
The province has strengthened the capacities of PMRB to properly implement its mandate
particularly in apprehending illegal small-scale mining activities and illegal quarrying activities in the
province.

Map 2.7.11 Quarry Operation Sites in South Cotabato
Source: PEMO, 2020

2.8 DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION (DRR/CCA)
The world now experiences different kinds and varying degrees of natural disasters with
devastating impacts on public infrastructure, and the lives and properties of people. Such disasters
are only partly a result of natural forces. They are for the most part a result of excessive human
exploitation of the environment as well as products of weak adaptive capacity such as failed urban
development and planning. These in turn result in more intense climate change effects that bring
extreme events of typhoons, storm surges, tsunami, temperature increase, drought and increase of
vector and water-borne diseases particularly in the most vulnerable places. Philippines being a
tropical country and within the Pacific Rim of Fire is 2nd most vulnerable country to climate related
disasters in 2012.1
In 2009 and 2010, the Climate Change Act (RA 9726) and the Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Act (RA 10121), respectively, were enacted providing
that DRR and CCA measures be integrated in the development plans of all LGUs.
It is in this way that people will become aware of climate change and its impacts and
make the community reduce its risk to disasters, implement mitigation measures, adapt
and build resiliency. In addition, RA 10174 was approved in 2012 by President Benigno
C. Aquino, III which provides for the Establishment of People’s Survival Fund (PSF) to
be utilized in climate change adaptation efforts of the country and for other purpose
amending the Climate Change Act.
The National Framework Strategy on Climate Change guided the passage of the National Climate
Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2011-2028 in 2010. The NCCAP moves climate change beyond
environmental challenges and links it with the country’s economic targets and goal on social
sustainability.2 The plan will serve as the basis for a program for climate change, research, planning,
research and development, extension, and monitoring of activities to protect vulnerable communities
from the adverse effects of climate change.3
The NCCAP seeks to implement a realistically achievable country-driven program of action for
integrated climate change adaptation and mitigation. Seven (7) strategic priorities were identified to
address the impacts of global warming to the country. These are: (1) food security, (2) water
sufficiency, (3) environmental and ecological stability, (4) human security, (5) sustainable energy, (6)
climate-smart industries and services, and (7) knowledge and capacity development. The NCCAP
also calls for the incorporation of the following activities in its seven thematic priorities: gender and
development, technology transfer, research and development, information, education and
communication, and capacity building. The NCCAP will be implemented through financing, valuation
of natural resources, multi-stakeholder partnership, and capacity building.
South Cotabato is experiencing hazards pertaining to hydro-meteorological, geologic, and climate

change-related events. Baseline data evidently manifest that the province is vulnerable to flood, rain-
induced landslides and tornado (hydrometeorologic); earthquake, earthquake-induced landslide,
1
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
2
Climate Change Commission (CCC)
3
National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP), 2011-2028

liquefaction and volcanic hazard (geologic); and drought, temperature increase, rainfall change
(climate change-related).
The joint project of the National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) XII and the local
government unit of South Cotabatohave come up with a Disaster Risk Assessment (DRA) and Climate
Change Vulnerability Assessment (CCVA) method using Geographic Information System (GIS) in
producing hydrometeorologic and geologic events hazard maps, and climate change vulnerability
maps.
2.8.1 Climate Profile
A. The Philippines and the Regional Climate Profile
The Philippines has a tropical climate with a relatively high temperature and humidity, and
abundant rainfall. According to the Modified Corona’s Climate Classification System (1951-2003),
the four (4) climate types in the Philippines are the Types I, II, III, and IV.
The entire Region XII, comprising the provinces of South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani
and North Cotabato, is under climate Type III and IV.
Type III (yellow) climate can be described as having no very pronounced maximum rain period,
with a short dry season lasting only from one to three months, either during the period from December
to February or from March to March to May. This climate type resembles Type I since it has a short
dry season. On the other hand, the rainfall for Type IV (green) climate type is more or less evenly
distributed throughout the year. This climate type resembles Type II more closely since it has no dry
season.
B. South Cotabato Climatological Data
Based on Corona’s Modified Climate Map of the Philippines, South Cotabato has Type III and
Type IV climate types. Municipalities at the northern part of the province towards its central areas
fall under Type III. These areas are Koronadal City, Tantangan, Sto. Niño, Norala, Surallah, Banga,
and portions of Tampakan, Tupi, Tboli and Lake Sebu.On the other hand, Type IV climate covers the
vast portions of Lake Sebu, Tboli, Polomolok, Tupi and Tampakan.South Cotabato enjoys a mild,
pleasant climate with no pronounced dry or wet season, and is practically typhoon-free.
C. Historical Temperature Record
In a span of 30 years (1971-2000), historical data on Mean Seasonal Temperature as shown in

Table8.1 indicates that South Cotabato experienced a hot summer in the months of March, April and
May (MAM) at an average temperature of 28.5°C. Comparing MAM to the rest of the months of the
year such as in June, July, August (JJA), September, October, November (SON), and December,
January, February (DJF), and the months of MAM are more or less 1°C higher for 30 years.
Accordingly, the temperature of the neighbouring provinces of South Cotabato shows similarity
in terms of experiencing high temperature during the summer months (MAM).

Map 2.8.1 Climate Map of the Philippines
Source: Climate Change in the Philippines, DOST-PAGASA, 2011

Table 2.8.1 Historical Mean Seasonal Temperature Record for 30 years (1971-2000), Region 12
Observed Baseline (1971-2000) in Degree Celsius (°C)
Province
DJF MAM JJA SON
North Cotabato 26.8 27.9 27.0 27.1
Sarangani 27.7 28.4 27.3 27.6
South Cotabato 27.7 28.5 27.4 27.7
Sultan Kudarat 27.8 28.6 27.6 27.8
D. Historical Rainfall Record
The observed baseline data of rainfall in 30 years (1971-2000) for Region 12 showed that the
months of JJA poured a lot of rainfall in the region. South Cotabato recorded the highest mean rainfall
of 402.8mm during the months of JJA. The historical record reflected a decreasing trend in the
amount of rainfall approaching the months of SON and DJF. However, starting the MAM period when
temperature would be at its peak, rainfall would start to steadily escalate again until it would reach
themonths of JJA, the season when rainfall poured the greatest.
Map 2.8.2 Climate Type Map of South Cotabato based on Modified Corona’s Climate Classification
Source: DOST-PAGASA, PPDO, 2020
Table 2.8.2a Historical Mean Seasonal Rainfall Record for 30 years (1971-2000), Region 12
Observed Baseline (1971-2000) in mm
Province
DJF MAM JJA SON
North Cotabato 235.4 353.2 572.5 486.0
Sarangani 212.3 212.6 333.6 302.5
South Cotabato 183.3 234.1 402.8 351.7
Sultan Kudarat 189.3 311.0 513.1 448.7
Table 2.8.2b Average Daily Rainfall (mm), 2013-2017
STATION: PAGASA-GEN. SANTOS CITY LATITUDE: 06ᵒ03'25.85"N
LONGITUDE: 125ᵒ06'11.19"E
ELEVATION: 132.199m
2017 2016 2015 2014 2013

January 7.99 0.5 2.2 8.3 6.4
February 2.99 0.1 0.0 1.8 2.9
March 4.75 0.0 0.1 3.2 0.4
April 1.79 0.0 1.0 1.5 1.6
May 4.91 2.4 0.9 1.0 1.5
June 6.20 2.3 6.3 4.3 3.6
July 2.36 3.2 2.8 4.5 4.6
August 1.46 2.8 3.1 2.0 3.5
September 6.02 2.6 1.7 3.6 3.5
October 4.16 3.8 0.9 1.7 4.3
November 3.72 4.3 2.5 2.6 4.2
December 5.03 1.9 0.5 1.5 2.2
Source: PAGASA-GSC, 2017
Table 2.8.2c Summary of Rainfall (mm/day) and No. Of Rainy Days, South Cotabato CY 2012-2018
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Total
City/Muncipality Total No. Daily Total No. Daily Total No. Daily
No. of
Daily Total No. Daily Total No. Daily Total No. Daily
of Rainy Ave. of Rainy Ave. of Rainy Ave. Ave. of Rainy Ave. of Rainy Ave. of Rainy Ave.
Rainy
Days Rainfall Days Rainfall Days Rainfall Rainfall Days Rainfall Days Rainfall Days Rainfall
Days
Koronadal City 116.00 3.38 140.00 8.66 180.00 4.13 27.00 1.15 137.21 4.33 224.00 5.17 76.00 2.63
Tantangan 145.00 4.68 160.00 4.72 136.00 4.60 8.00 0.09 89.00 3.25 30.00 5.26 43.00 3.15
Tampakan 99.00 3.89 84.00 4.72 61.00 2.62 7.00 0.18 85.00 6.07 124.00 5.18 40.00 2.73
Tupi 107.00 2.92 132.00 4.17 107.00 4.71 61.00 2.78 121.00 4.14 145.00 4.09 51.00 2.60
Polomolok 151.00 4.22 159.00 4.43 79.00 2.87 32.00 0.87 63.00 2.86 100.00 3.59 40.00 2.63
Banga 174.00 6.11 169.00 7.21 127.00 6.74 49.00 2.67 104.00 5.17 94.00 4.56 32.00 2.80
Surallah 139.00 4.82 NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA NDA
Norala 182.00 6.44 164.00 4.54 143.00 4.04 26.00 0.93 98.00 5.30 181.00 8.27 53.00 6.55
Lake Sebu 110.00 3.72 144.00 6.36 118.00 5.16 52.00 2.69 99.00 4.19 118.00 4.38 40.00 2.35
Tboli 145.00 7.19 109.00 4.79 123.00 4.73 42.00 2.10 118.00 5.35 148.00 6.82 62.00 5.51
Provincial
118.00 5.65 158.00 6.76 190.00 6.47 62.00 2.06 191.00 7.73 279.00 8.61 101.00 6.02
Scion Grove
Source: Office of the Provincial Agriculturist, 2018
NDA=No Data Available
E. Annual Frequency of Typhoons
Mindanao is tagged by PAGASA as typhoon free. The 61-year (1948-2009) data shown in Table
8.3 for Region XII showthattropical cyclones crossed the region within 50 kilometres from the
boundaries once or twice in 60 years. South Cotabato only experienced a tropical cyclone once over
six (6) decades in the month of October. It is in this month when rainfall starts to decrease
simultaneouswith a decreasing temperature. Since the data available are only up to 2009, some
major events on tropical cyclones that crossed Mindanao in the last 3 years (2010-2012) were not
yet factored in.
The analysis would be different in the next few years, since Mindanao was already hit by tropical
cyclones twice, and were considered to be extreme events due to their very destructive impacts to
the community. Recently, PAGASA already untagged Mindanao from being typhoon-free due to
climate change.
Generally, the historical typhoon frequency in Region XII is very minimal since it only occurs
once in every 50 years.
Table 2.8.3 Annual Frequency of Tropical Cyclone Shown in Months for 61 Years (1948-2009), Region 12
Annual Frequency (Shown in Months For 61 Years)
Province TOTAL TD TC TY STY
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
North
Cotabato
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1
Sarangani 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
South
Cotabato
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
Sultan
Kudarat
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
2.8.2 Climate Change Projections
The impacts of climate change in South Cotabato are most visible in the observed variations in
temperature and rainfall. Based on the historical trend of the normal values of rainfall and temperature
on a 30-year period from 1971 to 2000, variations in temperature and rainfall are projected based on
the medium-range emission scenario4 for the years 2020 and 2050.
The levels of emission scenario are based on the level of economic growth, rate of population
growth and technological change particularly in energy generation as developed by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The modelling framework assumes that areas
with high levels of population growth, economic growth and technological change (high-range and
medium range emission scenarios) tend to have similarly higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions
that contribute to the warming of the temperature.5
The medium-range scenario is considered in the analysis in view of the context that future
climates in the next 30-40 years will be greatly influenced by past emissions.
As an overall climate change projection, South Cotabato is going to be warmer

(temperature increase), and at the same time, drier (rainfall change), with the
immense eventuality of experiencing droughts during the next 20 or 50 years from
the baseline.6
4
Based on the PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies) model used by PAG-ASA in projecting climate change scenarios. Mid-range emission scenario indicates a future world
of very rapid economic growth, with the global population peaking in mid-century and declining thereafter, and there is rapid introduction of new and more efficient technologies with energy
generation balanced across all sources (PAGASA).
5
Climate Change in the Philippines, DOST-PAGASA, 2011
6
Climate Change in the Philippines, DOST-PAGASA, 2011

A. Temperature Projections
Projected increase in seasonal and annual mean temperature for two (2) time frames, 2020 and
2050, were generated using the observed values from 1971 to 2000 period, which is basically a 30-
year historical record of the province. The average temperature for the period 1971-2000 simulation
served as the baseline climate to compare variations in the projections for 2020 and 2050.
The annual mean temperatures indicate the average of the annual maximum and minimum
temperatures by seasonal variations. The seasonal variations are: a) DJF (December, January,
February), or the northeast monsoon locally known as amihan season; b) MAM (March, April, May)
or the summer season; c) JJA (June, July, August), or the southwest monsoon, or habagat season;
and d) SON (September, October, November), or the transition from southwest to northeast monsoon
season.
Generally, mean annual and seasonal temperature projections show that South Cotabato will
get warmer, more so, in the warmer summer months of March, April and May for the 20-year (2000-
2020) and 50-year (2000-2050) periods. Annual mean temperatures in the province are expected to
rise by 1.0°C to 1.2°C in 2020 and by 2.0°C to 2.3°C in 2050.
Table 8.4 shows that in 2020, there would be an increase in mean temperature of 1.0°C, 1.2°C,
1.1°C, and 1.1°C for the DJF, MAM, JJA and SON seasons, respectively, compared to the observed
baseline. The increase in mean temperature would be generally similar for two (2) seasons from June
to November, while the lowest increase is expected to take place during the amihan season, and the
highest increase during the summer season. For seasonal variations, however, the habagat season
covering the months of June to August is still projected to be a bit colder than the rest of the months
with a mean temperature of 28.5°C, and the summer season of March to May is expected to be
warmer with a mean temperature of 29.7°C.
Table 2.8.4 Projected Temperature Increase (in °C) in 2020 under the Medium-Range EmissionScenario, So. Cotabato
Baseline Observed (1971-2000) Medium-Range Emission Scenario
DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON
1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1
27.7 28.5 27.4 27.7
(28.7) (29.7) (28.5) (28.8)
Meanwhile, more intensity in the degree of increase in temperature is expected to take place in
the much longer projection period of 2050. The increase in mean temperature would be pegged at
29.7°C (DJF), 30.8°C (MAM), 29.6°C (JJA), and 29.8°C, doubling the increase in mean temperatures
in 2020 in two (2) seasons. In terms of seasonal variation, the trend would be more or less similar
with the 2020 projections. The mean temperatures would be more or less similar with a much less
pronounced change for the three (3) seasons (amihan, habagat and transition seasons), except for
the summer season with a much evident warmer temperature (30.8°C). It is still expected to be colder
during the habagat season compared to the other seasons.
Table 2. 8.5 Projected Temperature Increase (in °C) in 2050 under the Medium-Range Emission Scenario, So. Cotabato
Baseline Observed (1971-2000) Medium-Range Emission Scenario
2.0 2.3 2.2 2.1
27.7 28.5 27.4 27.7
(29.7) (30.8) (29.6) (29.8)

Figure 2.8.2 shows the projected temperature of the Philippines using a medium–range
emission scenario in the years 2020 to 2050. It can be observed that the country will experience a
temperature increase in the coming years in almost all areas. Moreover, regions in Mindanao will
be greatly affected by temperature increase as reflected in the map simulations especially during
the summer months.
B. Rainfall Projections
Projected seasonal rainfall change is also simulated for the years 2020 and 2050. Based on the
observed baseline from 1971 to 2000, volume of rainfall is highest during the southwest monsoon
season or habagat season from June to August and lowest during the northeast monsoon season or
amihan season from December to February.
Using the 30-year observed baseline, future volume of rainfall has been projected showing a
gradually decreasing rainfall volume between 2020 and 2050. Seasonal rainfall data show that rainfall
is expected to decrease in the months of March to November as manifested by the negative
percentages of rainfall change, but would still continue to increase in volume from December to
February (DJF), albeit in decreasing percentage of increase from 10.1% in 2020 to only 8.6% 2050.
Figure 2.8.1 Simulation Maps Showing the Projected Seasonal Temperature Increase (in °C) in the Philippines in 2020 and
2050

In 2020, rainfall volume is projected at 201.8mm during the amihan season (DJF), 213.73mm
during the summer season (MAM), 354.06mm during the habagat season (JJA), and 327.78mm
during the transition season (SON). These projections show decreasing trends in rainfall for three
seasons (MAM, JJA, SON) with negative percentages of rainfall change, except for DJF that will
increase by 10.1%. Compared to the 1971-2000 baseline rainfall observed, the JJA season would
reflect the biggest decrease in the volume of rainfall in 2020, from 402.8mm to only about 354.06mm.
The months with the most rainfall would remain to be during the habagat season (JJA). Meanwhile,
the months of December, January and February are still expected to bring the least volume of rain.
Table 2.8.6 Projected Rainfall Change (in %) in 2020 under the Medium-Range Emission Scenario, South Cotabato
Baseline Observed (1971-2000) 2020 Medium-Range Emission Scenario
10.1 -8.7 -12.1 -6.8
183.3mm 234.1mm 402.8mm 351.7mm
(201.8mm) (213.73mm) (354.06mm) (327.78mm)
Figure 2.8.2 Simulation Maps Showing the Projected Seasonal Temperature Increase (in °C) in the Philippines (2020 & 2050)
In 2050, trends in rainfall change would still be similar with the 2020 projections in terms of
seasonal variations. During the northeast monsoon, the rate of increase in rainfall is expected to
continually go down, and decreasing trends would still continue for the rest of the year. This rainfall
scenario increases the likelihood of drought as the long-term impact of climate change in South
Cotabato.
Table 2.8.7 Projected Rainfall Change (in %) in 2050 under the Medium-Range Emission Scenario, South Cotabato
Baseline Observed (1971-2000) 2050 Medium-Range Emission Scenario
8.6 -10.8 -18.0 -14.4
183.3mm 234.1mm 402.8mm 351.7mm
(199.06mm) (208.82mm) (330.30mm) (301.05mm)
2.8.3 Hazard Profile
A. Hydro-meteorological Hazards
Hydrometeorologic hazards are natural processes or phenomena of atmospheric, hydrologic or

oceanographic nature, which may cause loss of life, injury, property damage, social and economic
disruption, or environmental degradation. Hydrometeorologic hazards can be single, sequential or
combined in their origin and effects.7
Hydrometeorologic hazards include: floods, debris and mud floods; tropical cyclones, storm
surges, thunder/hailstorms, rain and wind storms, blizzards and other severe storms; drought,
desertification, wildfires, temperature extremes, sand or dust storms; and permafrost and snow or ice
avalanches.
Of the hazards under this origin, three (3) were covered by the Guidelines on Mainstreaming
DRR/CCA in PDPFP, i.e., storm surge, floods and flash floods, and rain-induced landslides. In effect,
only two (2) hydrometeorological hazards are considered by the province, these are floods and
flashfloods, and rain-induced landsides that hit South Cotabato with more frequency based on
historical data. However, despite the Guidelines’ limitations, the province included tornado and strong
wind as among the hydrometeorological hazards presently causing damage to properties of the
communities since 2011.
B. Floods and Flashfloods
Hazard Characterization
Flood refers to the overflowing of water in an area normally dry. Causes of flood usually come
from heavy precipitation, river flooding and coastal flooding. A sudden brief flood caused by a heavy
rainfall may result to flashflood. It is the most destructive natural phenomena especially in floodplains
and other low-lying areas. Heavy rains, whether sudden or prolonged, may create several scenarios
of flooding and its impact depends also on artificial or human interventions. Although their rise may
be gentle and slow, high tides may create floods near shores or lakes but do not cause much damage.
The occurrence of high tides may be regularly predicted and hence their impact can be avoided.
Flashfloods occur under various conditions. For example, these occur over steep river channel
slopes, on areas with abrupt changes in elevation, and in narrow valleys or river areas which restrict
flow of water resulting to damming action. A sudden discharge results in the possibility of
accompanying debris materials. Typically, these manifest sudden occurrences of floods that abruptly
stop. Flashfloods are known to be damaging or destructive.
7
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

Riverine floods are typically caused by excess overland run-off and stream discharge, where the
main channel capacity has been exceeded and hence overtops river banks and flows through its
adjacent flood plains. Water rise varies with discharge, but flatter areas typically have higher depths
of flow.
Other factors that may cause flood flows are dam breaches; blockages of channels arising from
deposition of sediments, debris and the like; and the narrowing of sections along waterways like
canals, bridges, and culverts which create fast waters in main canals and floodplains. Flooding also
affects the land cover (e.g., agriculture, built-up areas, tree canopy, among others).
The province has experienced serious flooding that occurred along some rivers, streams, creeks,
drainage systems and canals. The condition of these waterways contributes to the hazardous effect
of flood especially during heavy rains.
Based on historical data, South Cotabato is not exempted from flashfloods. For the past 10 years,
heavy flash flooding is experienced by the province. Of its total land area of 4,125.76 sq. km, 31%
(1,279 sq. km.) is considered highly susceptible to flooding. The parameters used by MGB in the
preparation of the hazard maps are the following: (1) Rainfall: Intense ranging 45 to 100 mm/hr in 2
to 3 hours; (2) Slope: Flat lying area having 0-3% gradient – floodplain terrain; (3) Drainage System:
Area of watershed and capacity of channel ways to contain it runoff peak discharge; (4) Soil/Rock
Types: Rocky/Clayey/ soil – Low infiltration, high runoff; and (5) Land Use Cover: Barren and poor
vegetation/kaingin – Low infiltration, high runoff.
Generally, areas along major rivers and creeks which are presently filled with sediments, and
barangays situated in low-lying areas are considered flood prone especially in the following areas
from the eight (8) identified municipalities as presented in Table 2.8.8.
Table2.8.8 Location and Details of Flooding Along Major Rivers by City/Municipality, South Cotabato
City/Municipality Location And Details of Flooding
The barangays of San Vicente and Punong Grande often experience flash flood. Flooding along these areas was
Banga
contributed by the denuded watershed area of Banga River adding to the heavy sediment load in the river flows.
Barangays and sitios located along San Felipe and B’lok Creek often experience flooding especially during the peak of
rainy season. Continuous dredging along B’lok Creek is being done regularly to reduce its sediment. However, despite
Koronadal their effort, during the rainy season the creek is still filled with sediments from the Roxas Mountain Range causing the
creek to overflow. Along Barrio 8 (Koronadal City – General Santos City highway) flashflood is often experienced due to
the sedimentation that flows out from NIA lateral canals located along the highway.
Along the highway of Polomolok, flash flooding is also experienced due to the heavy siltation and sedimentation and
Polomolok
forest denudation.
The barangays of Talahik, Duengas, Moloy, Colongolo, Tubi-ala, Buenavista and BagongLipunan that are located along
Surallah
the Allah River are considered flood prone. During heavy downpour of rain, flash flooding is very evident.
Flood prone areas are located along the stretch of national highway between New Iloilo, BukayPait and the center of
Tantangan
Barangay Cabuling.
Flooding is experienced in low-lying areas of Barangays Poblacion, Maltana, Kipalbig, Liberty, Lambayong and Buto. The
Tampakan limited drainage and catchments structures, siltation and clogged canals are contributory factors of flooding in the area.
Low risk areas are Barangays Danlag, Pula Bato, Lampitak and San Isidro.
During heavy rains flash flooding is often experienced along the highway near the Palian River which usually overflows
Tupi
due to heavy sedimentation.
The headwater of Allah River is located in this town. Two of its tributaries, the Gabang and Gao creeks overflow during
Tboli
heavy rains thus, flooding the surrounding corn fields.
Source: PENRO, RPFP, 2018

The hazard map prepared by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) XII shows that 155
barangays in the province are highly susceptible to flood. Of the total land area of the province
(4,125.76 sq.km), 1,279 sq. km. or 31%is considered highly susceptible to flooding. Table 2.8.9
shows the number of barangays per municipality categorized to be under High Susceptibility Area
(HSA), Medium Susceptibility Area (MSA), and Low Susceptibility Area (LSA). To identify the flood
susceptibility of specific barangays, Map 2.8.3 illustrates the different areas of the province prone to
flooding.
The barangays identified as HSAs are mostly situated in the low-lying areas along with the
existence of river ecosystems particularly the municipalities of Sot. Niño, Morale, Polomolok,
Surallah, Banga, Tantangan and Koronadal City. The most affected areas of these low-lying areas
are the prime agricultural lands, built-up areas/central business districts, and road networks. The
limited drainage and catchment structures especially along national highway; siltation along
waterways; clogged canals; and disturbed natural water channelsthat hinder the normal flow direction
of water towards the rivers and creeks are contributory factors to flooding in the province.
Aside from being low terrains, some of these areas are catch basins of water run-off from
different watersheds within the province due to heavy precipitation especially during the peak of rainy
season which normally falls from July to December. However, currently, climate and weather are
becoming more unpredictable. There are some abnormalities from the normal rainfall patterns of the
province recorded by PAGASA in the last 20 years (1990-2010). This deviation from the normal
rainfall pattern constitutes changes in climate.
The river ecosystems like Allah, Banga, Klinan and Marbel rivers and some major water
tributaries connected from the upstream that cross along municipalities have created flooding
scenarios in some barangays with records causing damages in life and properties along HSAs.
Rivers overflow especially during rainy season where heavy rainfall is aggravated by denuded forest
and watershed areas, heavy siltation, and sedimentation along the waterways with impacts at
different levels.
Map 2.8.3 shows the major rivers in the province overlaying the flood hazard. This will help the
local chief executives, decision makers, stakeholders, and the community visualize the areas within
the municipal and even at the barangay level that will be directly affected by flooding thus, proper
adaptation and mitigation measures or strategies should be looked into the planning environment.
South Cotabato is blessed with a good climate and has been classified by PAGASA as a typhoon
free area. However, due to climate change which is a global scenario, it is projected through PAGASA
weather simulations that the province will experience more or evenly less rainfall and rise in air
temperature in the next 20 years. Based on the data from the Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Office (PDRRMO) the province had already recorded 51 flash floods in just a span
of 10 years (2001-2010). The frequency and significant impact of this hazard becomes alarming and
posed a great threat in the lives and properties of the people.
The municipalities of the province have different physiographic features in terms of its natural
resources, elevation and slope, the existing and future land use and major economic activities thus,
their exposure and vulnerability to different hazardous event are in different levels.
As shown in Table 2.8.9, generally, majority of the barangays of the component LGUs (9 out of
11) of the province are highly susceptible to flooding except for Lake Sebu and Tboli. Koronadal City,

Norala and Sto. Niño are the highly susceptible areas to flooding since all their component barangays
are classified “high susceptible”. These areas are geographically low-lying, thus, flood prone.
Map 2.8.3 Flood Hazard Map
Source: PPDO, DENR-MGB XII, 2018
Table 2.8.9 Flood Susceptibility and No. of Barangays and Areas Affected by City/Municipality, South Cotabato
Susceptibility
Total Land
City/ High Moderate Low Area Affected
Muncipality
Area Area Area (sq.km.)
No. of Brgys. No. of Brgys. No. of Brgys.
(sq.km.) (sq.km.) (sq.km.)
Banga 19 98.80 5 9.85 0 0 108.65
Koronadal City 27 152.73 0 0 0 0 152.73
Lake Sebu 9 16.12 10 102.12 0 0 118.24
Norala 13 104.20 2 0.20 0 0 104.40
Polomolok 21 135.83 2 45.76 0 0 181.59
Sto. Niño 10 71.24 0 0 0 0 71.24
Surallah 17 161.33 0 0 0 0 161.33
Tampakan 8 56.72 2 16.67 2 29.58 102.97
Tantangan 12 134.48 3 11.47 0 27.25 173.19
Tboli 6 11.50 17 109.77 2 0 121.27
Tupi 13 86.77 2 13.48 1 0.924 101.17
TOTAL 155 1,029.713 43 309.307 5 58.023 1,396.77
Source: DENR-MGB XII, 2018
Map 2.8.3 shows the flood-prone areas of the province. Factors considered in determining
susceptibility to flood hazard are slope, rainfall, vegetation, soil and other environmental factors.

Map 2.8.4 shows the landslide-prone areas of the province. Factors considered in determining
susceptibility to landslide hazard are slope, rainfall, vegetation, soil and other environmental factors.
C. Rain-Induced Landslides (RIL)
Landslides (or mass movement) are downward and outward movements of materials, including
rock and soil due to various causes such as excessive rain, earthquake, volcanic eruption, rapid
undercutting by rivers, waves or man’s activities.
Technically, areas prone to landslides typically include old landslide deposits along, near or
beneath steep slopes and downslope of streams and creeks; thick soil or fractured rocks; those along
or on top of cut slopes; and developed steep slopes with no appropriate drainage.
Human activities sometimes contribute to the susceptibility of areas to landslides. Building

structures around or on top of slopes, pipe leakages, septic system and irrigation discharges, and
vibrations from machinery and from blasting can increase pressure and weaken the soil.
Historical data shows that natural hazards threaten lives and properties of the community.
Therefore, hazards should be looked into consideration in the planning and development process.
The mountainous land forms of the province show off their susceptibility to RIL.
Other important factors that attributed to the occurrence of RILs in the province are rainfall
intensity which usually ranges to >200mm/day or 40.83 mm/hr; steep slope (>20% gradient or 30 0
angle repose) Soil & rock type (graded soil – stable); proximity to the roads (<25m); proximity to the
major fault zone (<50m); poor land cover (sparse vegetation with kaingin); and the presence of old
landslide (DENR-MGB, XII).
Data from OPAG characterizes the province’s soil type and verifies hazard prone areas. Banga
has fine sandy loam, sedimentary soil; loose; and prone to landslide and flooding. Tboli and Surallah
have senolon fine sandy loam; volcanic soil; friable; loose and is prone to landslide. Tupi, Polomolok,
Tampakan and Koronadal City have Tupi fine sandy loam, volcanic soil, very loose and friable soil
and are prone to erosion. Some areas of Lake Sebu and Tboli have mountain soils particularly
limestone on the mountain part of Brgy. Ned. Historical data on RIL occurrences of the province holds
that the mentioned municipalities and barangays have friable and loose soil, families living on sloping
areas, poor land cover on high terrains with sparse vegetation due to kaingin, frequent occurrence of
rain with heavy precipitation, thus landslide prone.

Map 2.8.4 Rain-Induced Landslide Hazard Map
The map prepared by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) XII shows that 62 barangays
in the province are highly susceptible to rain-induced landslide. Out of the total land area of the
province (4,152.76 sq.km.), 348.78 sq.km. or 8.39% is considered highly susceptible to rain -induced
landslide. Most of these barangays are situated in high-lying areas of the province particularly the
municipalities of Tboli, Tampakan and Lake Sebu.
Table 2.8.10 shows the susceptibility to RIL of each municipality with number of barangays
identified to be HSA, MSA or LSA. The barangays of Tboli, Tampakan, Banga, and portion of Lake
Sebu are highly susceptible to rain-induced landslide. Other municipalities are considered
moderately susceptible except for Sto. Niño and Norala. These areas are geographically low-lying
and there is no presence of mountains, thus, not landslide prone.
High-lying areas are prone to landslides (Map 2.8.4). Identified high terrain areas are Tboli and
Lake Sebu, or those areas that belong to the upper valley located on the south-western part of the
province and the municipalities of Tupi, Tampakan, and Polomolok on the east where the Mount
MatutumProtected Landscape is located. Part of Koronadal City, Banga, and Tupi are prone to
landslide due to the presence of Roxas Mountain range, Quezon Mountain range (Tantangan), and
Mt. Matutum.
The factors considered in determining susceptibility to rain-induced landslide hazard are

elevation, slope, rainfall, vegetation, soil type and other environmental factors.

Table 2.8.10 RIL Susceptibility and No. of Barangays and Areas Affected by City/Municipality, South Cotabato
Susceptibility Total Land Area
City/
High Moderate Low Affected
Muncipality
No. of Brgys. Area No. of Brgys. Area No. of Brgys. Area (sq.km.)
Banga 8 5.87 4 20.98 3 6.31 33.15
Koronadal City 4 12.35 6 17.07 2 0.51 29.93
Lake Sebu 8 370.37 10 33.22 1 0.67 404.25
Norala 0 0 5 40.55 0 0 40.55
Polomolok 1 1.30 12 30.49 10 46.24 78.03
Sto. Niño 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Surallah 5 14.32 8 38.05 0 0 52.37
Tampakan 11 153.51 0 0 2 3.55 157.06
Tantangan 0 9 55.44 1 2.86 58.30
Tboli 21 323.66 4 30.11 1 5.15 358.93
Tupi 4 25.12 7 28.28 3 66.15
TOTAL 62 348.78 61 294.19 23 65.28 1,278.72
Source: PPDO, 2018 (Based on Guidelines in Mainstreaming DRRCCA in Local Development Plans Manual, 2011)
Map 2.8.5 shows the sitios/puroks and barangays of the province that are susceptible to RIL with
categories under HSA, MSA and LSA.
Map 2.8.6 shows the Susceptibility of theC/MLGU’s Population to RIL. It is noticeable that areas with
elevation of 50masl and more are highly susceptible to RIL.
Map 2.8.7 shows the business establishments located in C/MLGUs that are susceptible to RIL. It is
noticeable that most of the business establishments are located in safe areas (low susceptible, not susceptible).
Map 2.8.8 shows the susceptibility of schools to RIL. It is noticeable that schools located in hilly and
mountainous areas of the province are highly susceptible to RIL.
Map 2.8.9 shows the susceptibility of transport facilities to RIL. It is noticeable that transport facilities
located in highly elevated areas (Lake Sebu and Tboli) were highly prone to RIL.

Map 2.8.5 RIL Susceptibility Map
Map 2.8.6 RIL Susceptibility Map to Population

Map 2.8.7 RIL Susceptibility Map to Business Sectors
Map 2.8.8 RIL Susceptibility Map to Educational Institutions

Map 2.8.9 RIL Susceptibility Map to Transport Facilities
D. Erosion
Erosion is the process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth's surface by exogenic
processes such as wind or water flow, and then transported and deposited in other locations. While
erosion is a natural process, human activities have increased by 10-40 times the rate at which erosion
is occurring globally.
Excessive erosion causes problems such as desertification, decreases in agricultural

productivity due to land degradation, sedimentation of waterways, and ecological collapse due to
loss of the nutrient rich upper soil layers. Water and wind erosion are now the two primary causes
of land degradation; combined, they are responsible for 84% of degraded acreage, making excessive
erosion one of the most significant global environmental problems. Industrial agriculture,
deforestation, roads, anthropogenic climate change and urban sprawl are amongst the most
significant human activities with regards to their effect on stimulating erosion.
However, there are many prevention and remediation practices that can curtail or limit erosion
of denuded soils.8
The DRR/CCA Mainstreaming Guidelines are only limited to flooding and rain-induced landslide
under hydrometeorological hazards. Erosion, however, is something unique and is happening in the
province, thus, the inclusion of this in the hazard profiling in the province. In addition, a hazard map
for erosion together with the tornado hazard map was not included in the generation of all hazard
maps.
8
Wikipedia

E. Strong Wind/Buhawi
Strong Wind is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the
earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often
referred to as twisters or cyclones, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider
sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. Strong Wind come in many shapes and sizes,
but they are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the
earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust.
Most strong winds have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are about 250
feet (76 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before dissipating. The most extreme
strong winds can attain wind speeds of more than 300 miles per hour (483 km/h), stretch more than
two miles (3.2 km) across, and stay on the ground for dozens of miles (more than 100 km).9
There are a number of recorded strong winds that hit the province from 2010 to 2013 which
damaged houses and affected many families. It also injured and caused death to some individuals.
Most of strong winds occurred in the towns of Surallah and Tupi. Other towns with records of stron
g winds are Lake Sebu, Banga, Norala, Koronadal, Polomolok, Tantangan and Sto. Niño. Meanwhile,
Tboli, Tampakan are the two (2) municipalities with no records of occurrence for the past four (4)
years.
At the local level there was no record to gauge the estimated wind speed of strong wind
occurrences that caused damage in some areas of the province. Since this naturally occurring hazard
has just recently showed off to create devastating impacts on the lives and properties of the people,
hazard maps are still to be produced with the help of the national government.
F. Geologic Hazards
Geologic hazards result from geologic processes acting on or beneath the earth’s surface. These
include movement of plates in the earth’s crust or from local concentrations of heat and are a source
of hazards to people and their natural and built-up environment on the earth’s surface (Kramer, 1996).
Geologic hazards covered in this report are limited to two (2) classifications: those caused by
earthquakes (ground shaking, earthquake-induced landslide, liquefaction) and those caused by
volcanic eruptions. There are two (2) active faults that traverse South Cotabato, namely: the
Mindanao Fault Daguma Extension and the Banga Fault. A number of other active faults and
trenches may also affect the province if these earthquake generators are activated.
9
Training Modules and Guidelines in Mainstreaming in DRR in PDPFP

Figure 2.8.3 Active Faults and Trenches in Mindanao
Source: DOST-PHIVOLCS, 2011
G. Ground Shaking
Ground shaking is the main hazard created by seismic earth movement. This term is used to
describe the vibration of the ground during an earthquake. During an earthquake, seismic waves
travel rapidly through the earth’s crust. Upon reaching the ground surface, they produce shaking that
may last from seconds to minutes.
Earthquake strength is measured in terms of either its magnitude or intensity. Magnitude

measures the total energy released at the earthquake’s point of origin (below the earth’s surface)
based on information derived from a seismograph. It is typically reported in Arabic numerals (e.g.,
6.3, 7.2).
The other measure of earthquake strength is intensity. Intensity is the perceived strength of an
earthquake based on relative effects to people and structures on the earth’s surface. The intensity
scale consists of a series of certain key responses such as people awakening, movement of furniture,
and finally - total destruction. It is reported as Roman numerals. Assigned intensity levels generally
do not have a mathematical basis; instead it is an arbitrary ranking based on observed effects.

The selection of susceptibility areas per municipality is based on the simulation of the Rapid
Earthquake Damage Assessment System (REDAS) of the PHIVOLCS with identified epicentre of an
active fault considering it at a worst-case scenario. The fault selected for South Cotabato is South
Columbio Fault, which is recognized by PHIVOLCS as active and existing within the province. The
REDAS was utilized to simulate the worst-case scenario from the South Columbio Fault which lies
within the province. Other active faults that lie within or near the province that could also be used to
generate worst-case scenarios are the following:
1. Mindanao Fault Daguma

Extension (MFDE);
2. Maitum-Lake Sebu Fault;
3. Katubao (Maasim) –Kiamba Fault;
4. Siguel-Maasim-Tboli Fault; and
5. Banga Fault
Table 2.8.11 illustrates the epicenter, magnitude and depth of the five additional (5) active faults
considering a worst-case scenario of earthquakes using the REDAS software. Map 2.8.10 shows
that all municipalities are earthquake prone especially at the central part of the province. Majority of
these areas are low-lying and two active faults lie within these zones - the Banga and Mindanao
Daguma Faults.
Table 2.8.11 Five Worst Case Scenario Earthquakes that Would Affect South Cotabato
Epicenter Magnitude Depth
Name of Active Fault
Longitude Latitude (Ms) (kilometers)
Mindanao Fault Daguma Extension
124.200 6.8975 6.5 2
Scenario
Maitum – LakeSebu Fault Scenario 124.403 6.2525 5.3 2
Katubao (Maasim) – Kiamba Fault
124.5825 6.0725 6.1 2
Scenario
Siguel - Maasim – TboliFault Scenario 124.8025 6.1625 6.3 2
Banga Fault Scenario 124.9825 6.6125 7.3 2
Source: NEDA-DRACCVA Workshop, 2018 (Based on Guidelines on Mainstreaming DRRCCA in Local Development Plans, 2011)
H. Earthquake-Induced Landslide
The severe shaking in an earthquake can cause natural slopes to weaken and fall, resulting in
landslides. Depending on the degree of ground shaking, level of susceptibility and soundness of
structures, landslides can cause damage to infrastructure, such as cracking, toppling and even
collapse; burying of settlements; or flooding in downstream areas due to deposition.
Occurrence of landslides during an earthquake is determined largely by local conditions. Many

factors—including geologic and hydrologic conditions, typography, climate, weathering and land
use—influence the stability of slopes and the characteristics of landslide.
In general, landslides are likely to happen when the following conditions are present: thick soils,
weathered rock in slopes, weak soil, steep, slopes, highly saturated soils and strong earthquakes.
Map 2.8.11 shows the areas within the boundary of the province that are prone to earthquake-
induced landslide hazard.

Map 2.8.10 Ground Shaking Hazard Map, South Cotabato
Source: DOST-PHIVOLCS- REDAS Workshop; PPDO, NEDA, 2019 (Based on Mainstreaming Guidelines on DRRCCA in Local
Development Plans)
Map 2.8.11 Earthquake-Induced Landslide Hazard Map, South Cotabato
Development Plans)
I. Liquefaction
Liquefaction is a process where particles of loosely-consolidated and water-saturated deposits

of sand are re-arranged into more compact state. This results in the squeezing of water and
sediments towards the surface in the form of “sand fountain” and creating a condition resembling a
“quicksand”. In this phenomenon, the strength of the soil is reduced to a point where it is unable to
support structures.10 It commonly occurs in areas that are water-saturated (shallow water table), low-
lying and situated in typically loose (unconsolidated) foundation or in sandy or silty deposits. Typical
examples of these areas are river banks, abandoned rivers, flood plains, coastlines, and swamps. It
also encompasses several related phenomena, among which are lateral spreads, subsidence and
sand boils.
Map 2.8.12 shows that some barangays in Banga, Norala, Surallah, Tantangan, Lake Sebu and
Sto. Niño are highly susceptible to liquefaction.
Lateral spread involves the horizontal displacement of surface blocks as a result of liquefaction
in a subsurface layer. Characterized by displacements during earthquake shaking, it can produce a
variable range of displacements. It can produce damage in abutments, foundations and
superstructures of bridges, pipelines, bridge pies and other structures with shallow foundations,
especially those located near river channels or canal banks on floodplains.11
Map 2.8.12 Liquefaction Hazard Map, South Cotabato
Development Plans)
10
Kramer, 1996
11
Kramer

J. Volcanic Hazard
Volcanic hazards arise from active and potentially active volcanoes in the Philippines. It
may come from various possible activities such as eruption and may come in the form of ash
falls, ballistic bombs, pyroclastic flow, subsidence, fissures, rolling incandescent rocks and other
wind- and rain- induced movements like ash curtains and lahars.
The volcanic hazard maps for Mt. Matutum and Mt. Melibengoy were generated using the
digitization process of the ArcGIS 9.2 from the .tiff image file provided by PHIVOLCS that was
prepared in December 2007.
Volcanic hazards can be classified into primary and secondary phenomena. The primary
phenomena include pyroclastic flows, air-fall tephra, lava flows and volcanic gases. Secondary
phenomena include ground deformation, lahars, landslides and tsunamis and seiches.
The widespread accumulation of volcanic ash in lowland valleys commonly results in an
increased threat of river flooding and sediment redeposition. Lahars can be more devastating
than other hazards because these can affect low lying and populated areas far from the
volcano.12
It is important to map volcanic hazards so that proper measures, such as evacuation, are
put in place should eruptions happen. In the case of Mt. Matutum and Mt. Melibengoy,
PHIVOLCS has designated a 5-25km radius permanent danger zone where settlements and
economic activities are not allowed or restricted.
J.1 Mt. Matutum
The indicative map for Mt. Matutum is based on information provided by PHIVOLCS which
was prepared on October 1998.The hazards expected from Mt. Matutum’s last eruption
estimated to be dated March 7, 1911, would include lava flows, pyroclastic flow deposits,
suspected recent lahar deposits, pyroclastic lahar apron and ashfall. The Mt. Matutum Hazard
Map shows the rings that indicate danger zones within the perimeter of the volcano. In the event
of eruption, the areas covered by the rings are critical due to the volcanic products which are
fatal. Thus, settlements and economic activities must be avoided or minimized in these areas.
Tables 8.12a and 8.12b indicate the susceptible areas in terms of lava flows and domes,
pyroclastic flow deposits, suspected recent lahar deposits, pyroclastic flow lahar apron, non-
Matutum deposits, and suspected older Matutum volcanic deposits. The level of susceptibility of
an area depends on its distance from the volcano itself. Thus, the areas within each municipality
have different level of damage in the event of eruption.
12
PHIVOLCS

Table 2.8.12a Areas Affected by Volcanic Hazards (Mt. Matutum) by City/Municipality
Susceptibility
Lava Flows and Domes Suspected Recent Lahar Total Area
Pyroclastic Flow Deposits
City/Muncipality No. of Brgys. Deposits Affected
No. of Brgys.
Area No. of Brgys. (sq.km.)
No. of Brgys Area No. of Brgys Area No. of Brgys Area
Banga
Koronadal City 15 131.78 131.78
Lake Sebu
Norala
Polomolok 3 76.83 1 9.52 86.35
Sto. Niño
Surallah
Tampakan 3 186.94 4 31.15 218.09
Tantangan 1 5.66 5.66
Tboli
Tupi 3 90.58 1 40.35 130.93
TOTAL 6 167.41 5 236.81 20 168.59 572.81
Development Plans)
Table 2.8.12b Areas Affected by Volcanic Hazards (Mt. Matutum) by City/Municipality

Susceptibility
Pyroclastic Flow Lahar Non-Matutum Deposits Suspected Older
City/Muncipality Apron No. of Brgys. MatutumVolcanics Total Area
No. of Brgys. Area No. of Brgys. Affected (sq.km.)
No. of Brgys Area No. of Brgys Area No. of Brgys Area
Banga
Koronadal City 6 59.55 59.55
Lake Sebu
Norala
Polomolok 22 267.36 267.36
Sto. Niño
Surallah
Tampakan 6 65.2 5 202.77 1 8.6 276.57
Tantangan
Tboli
Tupi 12 196.33 1 37.8 234.13
TOTAL 46 588.44 6 240.57 1 8.6 837.61
Development Plans)
Map 2.8.13 shows the hazard prone areas within the 25-kilometercircumference around Mt.
Matutum. In an extreme event, the impact of the eruption of this volcano is very extreme and
devastating. This will have high cost of damage on properties and high casualty turnover if disaster
risk reduction and management strategies along the surrounding municipalities are not properly and
effectively established. Areas of Tupi, Polomolok, Tampakan, Koronadal, Davao del Sur and General
Santos City will be affected.

Map 2.8.13 Volcanic Hazard Map–Mt. Matutum, South Cotabato
Development Plans)
J.2 Mt. Melibengoy (formerly Mt. Parker)
The indicative map for Mt. Melibengoy is based on information provided by PHIVOLCS which
was prepared in 1999. Mt. Melibengoy is believed by PHIVOLCS to have erupted on January 4, 1641
and it has erupted three times over 3,800 years. The hazards expected from the eruption of Mt.
Parker would include pyroclastic flows and lahar deposition and pathways.
Table 2.8.13 indicates the susceptible areas in terms of pyroclastic flows, lahar deposits, and
lahar deposition and pathways. The level of susceptibility of an area depends on its distance from
the volcano itself. Thus, the areas within each municipality have different levels of damage in the
event of eruption.
Table 2.8.13 Areas Affected by Volcanic Hazards of Mt. Melibengoy by City/Municipality

Susceptibility
High Danger Zone for Areas Prone to Lahar Pyroclastic Flow Buffer Total
City/Muncipality
Pyroclastic Flows Deposits Zone Area
No. of Brgys. Area No. of Brgys. Area No. of Brgys. Area Affected
Banga 19 188.67 188.67
KoronadalCity 1 28.25 28.25
LakeSebu 4 64.69 2 6.4 1 43.06 114.15
Norala 6 64.12 64.12

Susceptibility
High Danger Zone for Areas Prone to Lahar Pyroclastic Flow Buffer Total
City/Muncipality
Pyroclastic Flows Deposits Zone Area
No. of Brgys. Area No. of Brgys. Area No. of Brgys. Area Affected
Polomolok 1 19.66 4 50.24 1 11.44 81.34
Sto. Niño 10 71.73 71.73
Surallah 14 226 226
Tampakan
Tantangan
Tboli 16 639.22 1 12.64 2 20.85 672.71
Tupi
TOTAL 21 723.57 56 648.05 4 75.35 1,446.97
Development Plans)
Map 2.8.14 shows the rings that indicate danger zones within the perimeters of the volcano. In
the event of eruption, the areas covered by the rings are critical due to the volcanic products which
are fatal thus settlements and economic activities are not allowed or should be avoided. Danger
zones are usually 25km radius from the crater of the volcano and these zones usually still exclude
buffer zones for lahar deposition and pyroclastic flow.
In the event of Mt. Melibengoy eruption, Tboli will be entirely affected including some barangays
of Lake Sebu, Surallah, Polomolok, Tupi, Banga, Sto. Niño, Norala, some parts of General Santos
City and Sarangani province.
Map 2.8.14 Volcanic Hazard Map–Mt. Melibengoy (Mt. Parker), South Cotabato
Development Plans)
2.8.4 Climate Change-related Hazards
A. Drought
Drought refers to an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its
water supply. Generally, this occurs when a region receives consistently below average precipitation.
Historical rainfall data projects a decreasing amount of rainfall during the next 20 to 50 years
from the baseline (2000) in South Cotabato. This rainfall scenario increases the likelihood of drought
as the long-term impact of climate change in South Cotabato.
B. Increase in Temperature
Variations in temperature and rainfall are most likely the observed impacts of climate change in
South Cotabato and in almost all provinces in the country.
A key indicator for climate change is the expected global-mean surface temperature increase.
Future global temperature changes will be determined primarily by future emissions of greenhouse
gases, ozone, and aerosol precursors and the response of the Earth system to those emissions. Any
calculation of the potential range of future climate change requires consideration of both a plausible
range of emissions scenarios and uncertainties in Earth system response, preferably by using results
from multiple scenarios and models.It is the changes in weather patterns that make predicting rainfall
particularly difficult.
While different climate models are in broad agreement about future warming on a global scale,
when it comes to predicting how these changes will impact weather – and consequently rainfall –
there is less agreement at a detailed level.
It is likely that in a warmer climate heavy rainfall will increase and be produced by fewer more
intense events. This could lead to longer dry spells and a higher risk of floods.
C. Rainfall Change (Distribution and Variability)
The climate map of South Cotabato shows that the province is experiencing climates such as
Type III and Type IV. More than 50 years ago, South Cotabato has experienced rainfall distributed
throughout the year (Type IV). However today, based on rainfall data of PAGASA there are changes
in rainfall pattern recorded.
Changes in the pattern of rainfall and other forms of precipitation will be one of the most critical
factors determining the overall impact of climate change. Rainfall is much more difficult to predict
than temperature but there are some statements that scientists can make with confidence about the
future.

2.8.5 Historical Disaster Profile
A. Hydrometeorological Hazard
A.1 Flood
Table 2.8.14 encapsulates the major flashflood occurrences in the province. Record shows that
for 14 years alone (2003-2017), all component LGUs of the province has experienced flooding and
flash flooding. Causing casualties and damages on properties in different barangays. The impacts of
flooding become intense in urban areas due to inefficient drainage systems, and meandering of the
rivers, waterways and other water tributaries.
Table 2.8.14 Affected Areas by Major Flash Flood Occurrence in South Cotabato, 2003-2018
City/Muncipality Barangay Date Impact
Tboli Brgy. Lamhako December 19, 2003 2 persons died
Lake Sebu Brgy. Lower Maculan July 17, 2004 1 person died
Lake Sebu Brgy. Denlag June 2, 2008 1 person died
City of Brgy. Carpenter Hill, September 10,
5 persons died
Koronadal Brgy. Saravia 2010
Banga Brgy. Kusan June 10, 2010 2 houses were totally damaged
Tupi Brgy. Kablon, Sitio Datal Ngisi June 11, 2010 1 house were totally damaged
Brgy. Carpenter Hill
Brgy. San Isidro
September 10, P24, 302,600 estimated cost of damages to crops
Koronadal Brgy. Assumption
2010 and infrastructures
Brgy. Sto Niño
Brgy. Saravia
September 10,
Tupi Brgy. Crossing Rubber 45 families were affected
2010
September 10, 13 families were affected
Banga Brgy. El Nonok
2010 13 houses were affected
48 has of rice fields were affected with an estimated
Banga Brgy. Lampari and Lambingi December 07, 2010
damage of P600,000
10 houses were totally damaged including 1 elementary
Tboli Brgy. Lambuling December 12, 2010
classroom
Tupi Brgy. Linan Jan. 12, 2011 5 families were affected
1 casualty was recorded and 25 families were

Tupi Brgy. Miasong March 30, 2011
affecteddamaging their agricultural crops and fishponds
Farm to market roads Unpassable
- 2 houses was totally washed out
- 3 Has. of rice fields were damaged
Polomolok Brgy. Landan & Maligo April 05, 2011
- Pipelines from source of water system was totally
damaged.
(Estimated Cost of Damaged is 500,000.00 pesos)
53 has. of agricultural crops were damaged including 2
Surallah Brgy. Lamsugod April 25, 2011 houses
30 families were affected
4 houses were totally damaged
Lake Sebu Sitio Tablu, Lamdalag June 06, 2011
4 families w/ 19 dependents were mainly affected
Brgy. Cacub 2 houses were partially damaged and 4 has. of
Koronadal Brgy. Mabini June 30, 2011 agricultural crops were washed out by the flood
Brgy. Zone 1 110 families were affected

Brgy. San Roque
Estimated cost of damages is more or less P200,000
Polomolok Purok Riverside, Silway 8 August 18,2011
45 families with 215 dependents were affected
21 houses were totally washed out, 25 houses were
partially damaged including damages to livestocks,
Brgy. Landan, Brgy. Upper Klinan,
Polomolok Sept. 19, 2011 agriculture, water pipelines, roads, fishponds and other
Klinan 6 and Maligo
infrastructures with an estimated cost of damages
amounting to 5 million pesos
Prk. Rizal, Liberty, Gabion and 83.2 has. of rice fields damaged
Norala Sept. 13-14, 2011
Makiangayon, Esperanza 70 families with 350 dependents were affected
Sitio Tucalabong, Brgy. Crossing Road damaged – Cr. Jacinto dry creek approaches
Tupi Oct. 17, 2011
Rubber 9 families with 46 dependents were mainly affected
Estimated cost of damages is more or less 2 million
Brgy. Crossing Palkan, Brgy. Sulit and
Polomolok Nov. 01, 2011 pesos
Brgy.Pagalungan,
More or less 90 families were affected
Personal properties damaged (Clothes, Ref. TV. Etc.),
Overflowed box culvert at Cr. Awas, Brgy. Cr. Palkan,
Brgy. Crossing Palkan, Brgy. Sulit Unpassable roads to Prk. 9, Brgy. Sulit and partially
Polomolok Dec. 18, 2011
Brgy.Bentung damaged steel bridge at Brgy. Bentung connecting Brgy.
Koronadal Proper
More than 1,000 commuters stranded for almost 2 hours
12 farmers were affected and 2 families vacated their
Banga Brgy. Lambingi and Kusan May 02, 2012
houses
Lake Sebu Brgy. Upper Maculan July 17, 2012 2 casualties
6 hectares of corn land, 1 residential house were partially
damaged at Brgy. Punong Grande, 2 hectares rice
planted and 2 houses were partially damaged at Brgy.
Brgy. Punong Grande (Bo.2) and Brgy.
Banga August 11, 2012 Kusan
Kusan, Bo. 8
Est. cost of damages P155,820.00
4 farmers were affected
1 house was partially damaged
Tupi Brgy. Cebuano, August 18, 2012 Roads and bridges were also damaged
Crops were also damaged
Brgy. Cebuano, Lunen, Kablon and Roads, River banks and some unestimated properties
Tupi September 18, 2012
Poblacion, were damaged
2 houses were partially damaged and unestimated agri.
Crops were affected at Brgy. Pob.
Sto. Niño Brgy. Poblacion, and M.Roxas, December 06, 2012
5 houses were partially damaged and unestimated agri.
Crops were affected at Brgy. M.Roxas
20 hectares of rice and corn fields and fishponds w/ an
Brgy. El Nonok estimate cost of P800,000
27 families affected
2 houses partially damaged, 65 hectares of rice fields, 65
hectares of corn fields, livestock and animals. Estimated
Brgy. Lamba
cost is P500,000
30 hh affected
10 hectares of rice and corn fields damaged. Approach
Banga December 06, 2012
Brgy. Lam-apos of Lam-apos Bridge partially damaged. Estimated cost is
P200,000.00. 13 hh affecte.
Spurdike damaged. 2 hectares of rice fields damaged.
Brgy. Improgo
Estimated cost is P500,000.00. 50 household affected.
56 families with 274 dependents were mainly affected
13.5 hectares of rice fields, 1 cattle died and 91/4 hectare
Brgy. San Jose of fishpond damaged. Estimated cost is P1,187,000.00.
13 hh affected.
111 hectares rice fields, 20 hectares of corn and cassava
farm and 5 hectares fishpond damaged. Estimate cost is
Brgy. Benitez P1,182,000.00. 123hh affected.
10 hectares of agricultural land damaged. 20 families
affected.
Spur dike damaged and 7 hectares rice fields damaged.
Brgy. Yangco Estimated cost is P1,000,000.00. 56households
affected.
17 hectares of agricultural land damaged. Estimated
cost is P850,000.00. 17 hh affected.
Brgy. Punong Grande
56 hectares of rice fields damaged. Estimated cost is
P3,500,000.00. 83 families affected.
Surallah Brgy. Upper Sepaka January 8, 2013 12 families were mainly affected
Purok Maranon Village, Pantua and The incident damaged properties and personal
Koronadal City other adjacent puroks of Brgy. Zone III January 25, 2013 belongings of the affected families wherein 1 house was
and Purok Kaunlaran of Zone 1 totally damaged and 3 houses partially damaged
A house owned by Mr. Eufracio Ronquillo Sr. was
affected and damaged due to this incident. The
Koronadal City Purok Bagong Pag-asa, Brgy. GPS January 26, 2013 estimated cost of damage of the said house is Php
10,000.00.
Estimated damaged of Bulok Creek is P1,000,000
2 ½ has. Fishpond at Purok Sampaguita and Purok
Banga Brgy. Cabuling, January 29, 2013 Upper CLS Road Culvert were damaged with an
estimated damage cost to P570,000
Brgy. Esperanza:
Purok Gabion, Rizal, Makiangayon, 250 families affected
Norala Mainawaon, Liberty and Magsaysay April 21, 2013
Brgy. Lopez Jaena : Quezon,
Macapagal, Quirino, and Magsaysay
4 households were mainly affected.
Polomolok Purok 8, Brgy. Sumbakil, May 29, 2013
7 has. Of Agri-crops were damaged.
Mambusong, Cebuano, Purok
Tupi Cawayan, Cebuano, Brgy. Palian, July 1, 2013 14 infrastructures, and 3 agricultural crops were affected.
Bololmala and Lunen
Polomolok Purok Riverside, Silway 8 July 22, 2013 144 families with 513 dependents were affected
Purok Pag-asa, Carpenter Hill along
National Highway, Brgy. Saravia.
Pantua Subdivision and Maranon

Koronadal City July 25, 2013 NDA
Village, Brgy. Zone III.
Purok Lower and Upper Acub, Brgy.

San Isidro
Purok Upper Green Fields, Brgy. July 14 and August 5,
Tangtangan 15 farmers were mainly affected
Cabuling, 2013
Sitio San Isidro and Lower Riverside,
Banga September 11, 2013 60 households affected
Brgy. San Jose
Koronadal City Purok Libertad, Barangay Topland September 13, 2013 nda
Damage of canal
Tantangan Brgy. Dumadalig, September 19, 2013
More or less, 5 hectares of fully grown palay are at stake
Bgy. San Felipe Cost of damage – P 1, 100, 000.00
Brgy. New Iloilo
Brgy. Cabuling Cost of Agricultural damage –
Tantangan October 28 – 30, 2013
Maibo P30, 987,000.00 (601.9 has)
New Labunao
Brgy. Poblacion Cost of infrastructure damage –

Brgy. Pukaypait P 2, 330, 000.00
Brgy. Tinongcop
Brgy. Dumadalig
Brgy. Paraiso (Purok San Miguel, Purok
Cost of Agricultural Damage –
Hechanova)
P 162, 750. 52 families were evacuated
Poblacion Proper
Zone III (Purok Marañon, Purok Parish
Cost of Infrastructure Damage –
Center)
P 100, 000.00. 14 families affected
Sta. Cruz (Roamceville)
Barangay Assumption
Koronadal City October 28, 2013 20 families affected
Purok Masagana-B/Suscano, Brgy.
Morales
Purok Pantua/Marañon Village, St.

Gabriel, Sucayan, Parish Center,
Damaged foot bridge
Masagana I,
Masagana II, Sulatre, Bumanaag, Solis,
Casa, Pag-ibig, Brgy. Zone III
13 families evacuated
Almost 200 meters of the barangay road in Prk. Lariosa
Purok bagong Lipunan Puro Ite, Purok is impassable.
Madonna, Brgy. Rizal Poblacion Cost of Damage – P 100, 000.00
Prk. Lariosa, Katipunan, Brgy. El Nonok
Heartly Jadraque was found dead
Banga October 28, 2013
Purok Reyes, Brgy. El Nonok
21 families
Purok Daisy, Purok Mahirup, and Sitio Cost of Agricultural Damage –
Mahayahay of Brgy. Malaya P100, 000.00
5 houses partially damaged–
P 25, 000.00
Number of families affected
Brgy. Simsiman, Brgy. Matapol, Brgy. Brgy. Lapuz - 430
Norala October 28, 2013
Lapuz, Brgy. Matapol - 50
Brgy. Simsiman – 32
The (ZOPAD) Steel Bridge at Masaya Road, Sitio Tboli
collapsed caused by the flashflood and was
Banga Sitio Tboli, Brgy. Kusan October 29, 2013 aggravated by huge volume of water coming from the
Municipality of Surallah which made the bridge
impassable. Cost of Damage – P 500,000
Number of affected persons
Brgy. Simsiman – 131 persons
Barangay BS Aquino Jr. (Prk. Sto.
Purok Magsaysay, Brgy. Lapuz – 200 persons
Niño)
Norala October 30, 2013 The barangay road in Prk. Sto. Niño, Brgy. BS Aquino Jr.
Barangay Lapuz (Prk. Magsaysay)
was damaged.
Barangay Simsiman ( Prk. San Martin)
The barangay road in Prk. Sto. Niño, Brgy. BS Aquino Jr.
was damaged.
Banga Brgy. Kusan January 12, 2014 Barangay and Provincial Roads were damaged
Purok Spring Dos and Tres, Brgy. The incident affected the entire populace of Purok Spring
Koronadal City April 18, 2014
Morales Dos and Tres
Tupi Bololmala May 24, 2014 Farm to market road was damaged due to heavy rainfall
Brgy. Lopez Jaena
Brgy. San Miguel Damage to infrastructure: P520,000
Brgy. Kibid Damage to agriculture: P200,000
Norala May 25, 2014
Brgy. Simsiman 50 has.
Brgy. BS Aquino 468 families affected
Brgy. Matapol

Brgy. San Jose
Brgy. Esperanza
Brgy. Poblacion
Tantangan Brgy. New Iloilo, Tinongcop and Maibo June 3, 2014 Fishpond, roads and steel bridge were damaged
Est. cost of damage on agriculture –P200,000
Banga Sitio Itompalak, Brgy. Kusan June 11, 2014
1 family affected
School was flooded from overflowed bridge
Tupi Purok Malipayon, Brgy. Linan June 25, 2014
121 students and 3 teachers were affected
Purok Yungco, Brgy. Poblacion,
Est. amount of damages is P400,000
Polomolok Crossing Dagoc along Nat’l Highway, June 25, 2014
14 families and 58 individuals evacuated
Brgy. Magsaysay
Polomolok Purok 6, Brgy. Sumbakil June 25, 2014 1 dead
1 motorcycle owned by Mr. Danny Lagawan from Brgy.
Kablon was partially damaged
Partially damaged bridge along Soguilon area, Sitio
Tupi Brgy. Bololmala and Brgy. Kablon July 10, 2014
Maunlad, Brgy. Bololmala
70% damaged 2 barrel type culvert bridge along Simpao
area, Sitio Maunlad, Bololmala
Pacul Creek, Purok Mainuswagon,
Banga July 13, 2014 Est. cost of damage on agriculture – P15,000
Brgy. Kusan
Est. cost of partially damaged house – P4,000
Tupi Brgy. Linan July 17, 2014 Roads partially damaged
10 farmers affected
Purok Pag-asa and Purok Dimalilay, Diversion Dam was damaged
Koronadal City August 28, 2014
Brgy. Carpenter Hill 9 households were affected
Damages:
Corn crops
Tampakan Danlag September 5, 2014
Box culverts
Farm to market roads
Soil erosion along Pacul Creek
Banga Purok Mainuswagon, Brgy. Kusan September 17, 2014
Est. cost of damage – P30,000
Sitio Lower San Vicente
Sitio Santa Rita Has. of corn and rice crops were damaged
Surallah November 1, 2014
Sitio Pingoy 5 farmers affected
Brgy. Centralla
Partially damaged box culvert bridge going to Sitio
Sitio Lamplawan and Sitio Saboy, Brgy.
Tupi November 25, 2014 Atbangan, Brgy. Tubeng
Lunin
Partially damaged road at Sitio Salaguidan, Brgy. Palian
Partial collapse of concrete dike due to heavy rainfall and
Banga Brgy. Improgo January 2, 2015
flashflood
Sitio Cogonal P150,000.00 Estimated Cost of Damage
Koronadal City Bgy. Topland January 7, 2015 Collapsed/Damaged School Gym of Manuel Dondiego
Elementary
Sitio Lower Ladol, 14 families evacuated to Purok Ramos Gym. Brgy. Sta.
Koronadal City May 2, 2015
Brgy. Assumption Cruz, Koronadal City
Purok Upper Acub, Lower Acub,
Roads of Purok listed were damaged by flash flood due
Koronadal City Maligaya, Diaz and Mabuhay, May 2, 2015
to heavy rainfall
Barangay San Isidro
Prk. Milagrosa
Norala May 7, 2015 4 houses and lot collapsed
Brgy. Matapol
Purok Gabion, Brgy. Esperanza to
Damage of NIA dike and overflowing of water that
Norala Purok Mangga, June 14 to 15, 2015
caused newly planted rice to submerge
Brgy. Poblacion
Purok Riverside, 1 residential house affected due to partial collapse of
Banga June 20, 2015
Brgy. El Nonok retaining wall, cause by heavy rainfall

All main roads were heavily damaged.
River banks flood control were partially damaged
Approach of the hanging bridge connecting Polomolok
Prk. Kawit, Brgy. Maligo, Prk.
and Gensan started scouring
Kaunlaran, Brgy. Upper Klinan, Brgy.
Approach of steel bridge at Lunok highway was partially
Polomolok Klinan 6, Brgy. Silway 7, Prk. 2, Brgy. June 23, 2015
damaged
Koronadal Proper, Brgy. Landan, Prk. 7
partial damaged of flood control structure
and Prk. 10, Brgy. Sulit
Partial damaged of drop structure ay Silway 7 bridge
Box culvert going to Sitio Riola was clogged up
Damaged lined canals
Barangay Cabuling Residents at Barangay Cabuling and Barangay New
Tantangan Barangay San Felipe June 24, 2015 Lambunao were mostly affected while residents at
Barangay New Lambunao Barangay San Felipe were lightly affected.
Brgy. San Miguel- water level gradually subside
Brgy. Puti - water level gradually subside
Prk. Bagong Silang, Prk. Pag Asa, Prk. Rizal, Barangay
Dumaguil – rising of water level
Prk. Villa Clara, Brgy. Matapol – rising of water level
Barangay San Miguel, Barangay Puti, Brgy, Lopez Jaena – Rising of water level at Brgy. Plaza
Barangay BS Aquino, Barangay Prk. New Capiz, Brgy. Kibid- no data
Norala June 24, 2015
Dumaguil, Barangay Matapol, Residential houses along river banks of Barangay
Barangay Esperanza Dumaguil and Purok Villa Clara, Barangay Matapol,
submerge due to flooding.
Power interruptions at 3:00 am June 24, 2015
Barangay Dumaguil - 15 Families
Barangay Matapol - 30 Families 170 persons were
affected
Barangay Concepcion
Namnama Bridge –partially damaged –un-passable
Barangay Namnama
Concepcion Bridge – totally damaged
Barangay Sto. Niño
Sto.Niño bridge – cracks partially damaged
Barangay Mabini
Koronadal City Barangay Esperanza June 24, 2015
Diversion Canal-damaged due to clogging of heavy
Barangay Topland
debris
Purok Mainuswagon, Purok Dimalilay
15 hectares of rice and corn fields were affected
Purok Mabuhay 1
Barangay Carpenter Hill
Lunen-River overflowed
Sitio Laplawan, Lunen – 1 dead/road not passable
Sitio Acfaon, Bunao-road not passable/clogged box
culvert
Brgy. Lunen, Bunao, Acmonan,
Tupi June 24, 2015 Sitio Tinago, Bunao-2 dead/landslide
Cebuano
Sitio Leing,Sitio Dataltah,Acmun an-Road damaged
Prk. Mambusong, Cebuano-Overflow of spillway
Brgy. Tubeng-road damaged
State of Calamity due to Heavy rainfall and flashflood
Barangay Yangco 280 households affected
30 hectares of rice fields
Damaged dike
2,500,000.00 estimated cost of damages
Prk. Mahirup, Brgy. Malaya, Brgy. Brgy. Malaya - 164 hectares of corn fields
Reyes Brgy. Reyes – 24 has. of rice fields, 7 ½ fishponds, 10
Banga June 24, 2015
coconut tree.
Brgy. Malaya - 76 families affected
Purok Mahigugmaon, Brgy. Improgo Dike-Totally damaged
Prk. Malinong, Brgy. Benitez 11 ¼ Hectares of agricultural crops – damaged

Brgy. El Nonok 21.5 hectares rice fields – damaged
2.5 hectares Tilapia hatchery farm – damaged
11 farmers affected – Brgy. Benitez
13 farmers affected – Brgy. El Nonok
Brgy. Lampari Brgy. Lampari - 25.5 has. of crops – damaged

Brgy. Cinco 16 sq. meters fishponds – damaged
142,000.00 estimated cost of damages
23 families were affected
Surallah Sitio Bleboy, Barangay Canahay June 24 to 25, 2015 NDA
8 houses were partially damaged
Banga Sitio Ebenezer, June 25, 2015 P50,000 estimated cost of damages
8 families were affected by flashflood
4 families were affected by landslide
Declaration of State of Calamity due to heavy rain fall
Koronadal City July 2, 2015
and flash flood
Flood control structure was totally damaged
600 meters road – partially damaged
600 meters canal – partially damaged
Ilang-Ilang St., 1st Rd. Extension, Clogged canals
Prk. Sta. Cruz, Prk. Sto. Niño, Brgy. 200 meters road – heavily damaged
Polomolok July 28, 2015
Cannery and Corner Dagoc, Brgy. Ilang Ilang Street, Barangay Poblacion:
Magsaysay 5 families with 20 dependents were affected
4 piglets were washed away by flash flood
1st Road Extension, Purok Sta. Cruz, Barangay
Cannery:
4 families greatly affected by flooding
26 individuals were also affected
9.5 hectares of planted crops – damaged by flashflood
Banga Sitio Kalubihan, Brgy. Kusan August 27, 2015 P95,000 estimated cost of damage
9 farmers were affected
Eroded portion of Lot. 1058, and Provincial road
Prk. Mainuswagon, Brgy. Kusan damaged due to flash flood.
Banga September 4, 2015
Green belt area Farm owned by Mr. Tan
P25,000.00 estimated cost of damage
Purok Bayanihan – Erosion of banks along creek, caused
damaged to road which hampers the passage of motor
Purok Bayanihan
vehicle.
Purok Masipag
Koronadal City September 15, 2015 Purok Masipag – Eroded creek close to Purok Masipag
Agan Homes road
GKK and Day Care Center.
Barangay Sta. Cruz
Agan Homes road – damaged RCP under concrete road
and eroded road shoulder
Barangay Landan, Barangay Maligo,
Polomolok Barangay Bentung, Barangay Cannery September 16, 2015 NDA
Site and Barangay Klinan
1 residential house made of light materials was partially
damaged due to fallen mango tree caused by continuous
Purok Mainuswagon
Koronadal City November 23, 2015 downpour of rain.
Owned by Mrs. Rebecca Baselonia
Estimated cost of damage: P7,000.00
Intersection of Provincial road and Huge volume of rain water resulted to damaged/eroded
Chioco Street as well as near Laluna pipe culvert and box culvert
Banga May 25, 2016
residence and along Andayran farm of Est. Cost of Damage – P150,000
Purok Mainuswagon, Barangay Kusan Entire populace of Purok Mainuswagon

8 residential houses partially damaged
Overflow bridge-approach partially approach –
Eight (8) residential houses partially damaged
Over flow bridge –Approach partially
damaged – Purok Bayanihan, Brgy. Linan
Bridge – 2 Barrel Box Culvert –
riprap/Approach partially damaged –
Purok Bagong Silang, going to Tarsier
Sanctuary.
Concrete road – eroded 100 meters
damaged – Purok 1, Barangay Linan
Concrete line canal - 200 meters
damaged - Purok 1, Barangay Linan
Roads – Sitio Le-ing, Dataltah and Tinago
– unpassable by vehicles
Barangay Cebuano, Barangay Linan Gie Corsiga and Emily Corsiga – Residential house
Tupi June 12, 2016
and Barangay Acmonan partially damaged – Sitio Cabatuan, Brgy. Cebuano.
Jose Corsiga and Beng Agraba - Residential house

partially damaged – Sitio Cabatuan, Brgy. Cebuano.
Rita Malintoi - Residential house partially damaged –
Purok Pag-Asa II, Brgy. Cebuano.
Argie Ambrocio - Residential house partially damaged –
Purok Pag-Asa II, Brgy. Cebuano.
Pablito Tayon - Residential house partially damaged –
Purok Mambusong I, Brgy. Cebuano.
Rex Abayon - Portion of floor area partially damaged –
Purok Pag-Asa, Brgy. Linan.
Dyesebel Licos - Portion of floor area partially damaged
– Purok Pag-Asa, Brgy. Linan.
Leticia Militante - Portion of floor area partially damaged
– Purok Pag-Asa, Brgy. Linan
Three (3) farmers affected
Twenty (20) residential houses were
partially damaged.
One (1) residential house was totally
damaged.
Livestock – 2 carabao - dead
Roads – Sitio Le-ing, Dataltah and Tinago
– roads not passable by vehicles
Over flow bridge – Purok Bayanihan,
Brgy. Linan – Approach partially
damaged
Barangay Cebuano, Linan, Acmonan Bridge – 2 barrel box culvert – Prk.
Tupi June 15, 2016
and Bolomala Bagong Silang going to tarsier sanctuary
– partially damaged/riprap approach.
Concrete road – eroded 100 meters –
Prk. 1, Brgy. Linan
Concrete Line canal – 200 meters
damaged – Prk. 1, Brgy. Linan
Road – Prk. Mambusong 1 and
Cabatuan, Brgy. Cebuano –
repaired/passable as of June 14, 2016
BAWASA Pipelines – Poblacion, Tupi –
repaired and restored as of June 14,
2016
Damaged/barred down box culvert due
Banga Sitio Itompilak, Barangay Kusan June 21, 2016 to huge volume of rain water
Un-passable

ESTIMATED COST OF DAMAGE:
P50,000
Entire populace of Barangay Kusan
Concrete Provincial road along Purok
Tupi Purok Cawayan, Barangay Cebuano June 23, 2016 Cawayan silted with sand and mud.
910 mm. Barrel culvert approach damaged.
Twenty Nine (29) residential houses
were partially damaged
Three (3) residential houses were totally
damaged
Barangay concrete fence – damaged
Sitio Proper, Sitio El Olit and Sitio
Lake Sebu June 20, 2016 Baptist Church building – damagedBox culvert – partially
Mamuni, Barangay Upper Maculan
damaged – Sitio El
Olit and Sitio Mamuni
Twenty Nine (29) families affected –
partially damaged houses
Three (3) families affected – totally damaged houses
Flooded residential houses along Allah
River
Flooded Residential areas along Papaya
Barangay Poblacion, M. Roxas, creek and Barangay Poblacion Public
Sto. Niño June 20, 2016
Ambalgan and Panay Market stalls
Residents along Allah River and residents along Papaya
creek and vendors at the Barangay Poblacion Public
market
Flooded Residential areas along Papaya
creek and Barangay Poblacion Public
Market stalls
Barangay Poblacion, Barangay Liberty,
Around 14 hectares of rice fields – flooded – Purok
Barangay San Jose, Barangay,
Norala June 27, 2016 Riverside, Barangay Liberty
Simsiman, Barangay, Lapuz and
Residents along Papaya creek and vendors at the
Barangay Matapol
Barangay Poblacion Public market
Twenty (20) families evacuated at Barangay hall of
Barangay Liberty
One (1) residential house- portion of floor area collapsed
Portion of Riprap – Collapsed – Purok 15, Barangay
Polonuling
One (1) residential house- portion of
floor area collapsed Owned by Robert
Saracanlao with six (6) dependents
Located at Purok 15. Barangay
Polonoling
Portion of Riprap – Collapsed – Purok 15,
Barangay Polonoling
Box culvert- damaged approach and
Tupi Purok 15, Barangay Polonuling July 25, 2016
riprap situated at Purok 10 B, Barangay
Poblacion.
One (1) cow dead, owned by Sherwin
Dumadag
Five (5) farmers affected at Sitio Basak
and Sitio Salpao, Barangay Poloniling
Federico Soler - .75 ha of palay damaged
Irma B. Maisog - .5 ha of palay damaged
Ireneo Benegayde - 1/8 ha of palay damaged
Ruben Benegayde - 1/16ha of palay damaged
Wilde Bonete - 2 plot of palay damaged
Box Culvert- barred down – P50,000.00
Sitio Itompalak and Purok
Banga August 5, 2016 Bamboo – P20,000.00
Mainuswagon, Barangay Kusan
Estimated cost of damage:

P70,000.00
Entire populace of Barangay Kusan.
Huge volume of water from Barangay
Liwanay and Municipality of Surallah
caused by the excess water from NIA
ARIS resulted into flash floods and
Banga Sitio Tboli, Barangay Kusan August 7, 2016 damage to Box Culvert
P30,000.00
Seventy Two (72) households affected at
Sitio Tboli
One (1) residential house situated
adjacent to the river was flooded and
residents were advised by City Disaster
Koronadal City Purok Upper Valley, Barangay Sto Niño August 4, 2016
Risk Reduction Management Council to
be relocated as soon as possible
Owned by Mrs. Helen Cerbaña
Flooded Residential areas, rising of
water from one (1) foot up to knee level
Barangay Simsiman - Thirty four (34) families with 215
members
Purok San Martin of Barangay Barangay San Jose – Purok Manga – Sixty
Simsiman, Purok Riverside of Barangay Seven (67) families with 268 members
Norala September 7, 2016
Liberty, Purok Manga and Balite of Purok Balite – One Hundred Eight (108) families with 432
Barangay San Jose members
Barangay Liberty – Sixty Five (65) families with 261
members
Two Hundred Seventy Four (274) total number of
families affected, with 1,176 members
Steel Bridge was partially damaged
Tantangan Barangay Maibo September 6, 2016 Flooded residential houses
Blockage of drainage resulted to
flooding of school
Banga National High School, Barangay
Banga September 18, 2016 Banga National High School community
Benitez
ESTIMATED COST OF DAMAGE:
P500,000
Box culvert bridge – damaged approach
going to Sitio Atbagan – repaired by LGU
Tupi
Four (4) pcs. Barrel type culvert totally
damaged, situated at Purok Espiritu Clogging of debris in
box culvert, situated
at Purok Kugi
Crops damaged- Banana, corn and
Papaya
One (1) horse dead
Tupi Barangay Tubeng September 18, 2016 Eight (8) farmers affected
Name of farmers affected:
Cynthia L. Ladrillono
Vicente M. Til
Agustin M. Dialudin
Delia T. Espiritu
Patog Buca
Efren Buca
Boy Manib
Tony Sumangka
Andrilo D. Balantay – horse owner

One (1) GKK Chapel was partially
damaged by a Dul-dol tree that fell down
because of the strong wind and heavy
Purok Mainuswagon and Purok
Koronadal City September 18, 2016 rainfall
Maligaya, Barangay Carpenter Hill
One (1) unit motorcycle was carried
away by flash flood at Purok Mainusagon
Regie Pastera – owner of motorcycle
Fifteen (15) residential houses situated adjacent to the
river were flooded
Purok Upper Valley, Barangay Sto. One (1) residential house Owned by Mr. Jonathan
Koronada City September 19, 2016
Niño Agduma situated adjacent to the river was washed-away
by flood
Fifteen (15) families were affected.
One (1) residential house Owned by Mr. Jonathan
Purok Kaugnayan, Barangay General
Koronadal City September 20, 2016 Agduma situated adjacent to the river was washed-away
Paulino Santos
by flood
More or less twenty five (25) residential houses were
Purok Quezon II, Purok Garcia and flooded
Koronadal City September 26, 2016
Purok Mabini, Barangay Residents of Purok Quezon II, Purok Garcia and Purok
Mabini
1 residential house owned by Mrs. Letecia Dadivas was
Tantangan Purok O. Belo, Barangay San Felipe September 27, 2016 totally damaged due to falling debris
of uprooted Nym tree caused by heavy rainfall
Clogging of heavy debris to diversion canal resulted to
Purok Pag-asa and Purok over
Koronadal City October 6, 2016
Mainuswagon, Barangay Carpenter Hill flowing and damaging rice fields and flooding adjacent
residential areas
One (1) residential house owned by Mr. and Mrs. Jestoni
and April Rose Bendoy with 1 dependent was flooded,
Tantangan Purok 2, Barangay Dumadalig October 6, 2016
damaging appliances and personal belongings
Estimated cost of damage: P15,000
Heavy downpour of rain overflowing the drainage canal
flooding the National Highway and more or less fifty (50)
residential houses including GKK Crossing Tampakan
Purok Pag-asa, Barangay Carpenter Chapel,
Hill Purok Plaza, Barangay Day Care Center, and Carpenter
Hill
Baptist Church were flooded
Residents of Purok Pag-asa
Water flow diverted to
residential areas
Eight (8) Residential houses were flooded
Polomolok Purok 2, Barangay Sumbakil October 11, 2016 Three (3) families greatly affected
Family of Mr. Bayan Akim
Family of Mr. Castro Lumba
Family of Mr. Wenab Akil
Purok Parish Center and Purok Pantua, Two (2) flooded residential houses owned by Lilian
Barangay Zone 3 Albios and Elmin Ibañez
Purok Pinagbuklod, Purok Bagong Pag-
Heavy rainfall, and clogged lined canals resulting to
asa, Purok Matapat, Purok Malipayon,
Koronadal City October 27, 2016 flooded residential houses
Purok Aurora 2 and Purok
Residents of Barangay Zone 4
Mahigugmaon, Barangay Zone 4
Heavy downpour of rain overflowing the drainage canal
flooding the National Highway and more or less One
Purok Pag-asa, Purok Mabuhay 1,
Hundred
Koronadal City Purok Mainuswagon, Barangay October 27, 2016
Four (104) residential houses
Carpenter Hill
Residents of Purok Pag-asa, Purok Mabuhay 1 and
Purok

Mainuswagon, Barangay Carpenter Hill
Declaration of State of Calamity - Flash Flood Incident

Barangay Resolution No. 59
Koronadal City Barangay Carpenter Hill October 27, 2016
Flooded residential houses, damaged agricultural crops
and properties
Overflowing of creek resulted to flooded residential areas
Tupi Purok 4, Barangay Polonuling November 16, 2016
Residents of Purok 4, Barangay Polonuling
Flooded Residential areas, due to continuous heavy
rainfall for (2) two hours resulted to overflowing of
Matapol River and breakage of river bank along Purok
Magsaysay of Barangay Lapuz
Barangay San Miguel, Purok Osmeña – 5 meters of
Barangay road collapsed – not passable
Barangay San Jose, Purok Magsaysay – 10 meters
estimated river banks needs backfill.60 has. rice fields
flooded Estimated cost of damaged to
follow
Barangay Lapuz Barangay Lapuz – 1.5 has. rice fields flooded – on going
Purok Rizal validation
Purok Magsaysay Poultry of Rebie Biboso damaged
Barangay Liberty Barangay Lopez Jaena – Purok Osmeña – 1 residential
Norala December 3, 2016
Purok Riverside house was partially damaged
Barangay San Jose Barangay Lapuz: Purok Rizal – 120 families – 480
Purok Mangga dependents
Purok Pag-asa Purok Magsaysay - 40 families – 200 dependents
Barangay Liberty:
Purok Riverside – 66 families – 263 dependents
Barangay Lapuz - 53 Families evacuated at Lapuz
covered
court out of 60 reported families affected
Barangay Liberty – Purok Riverside - 8 families
Barangay San Jose - Purok Pag-Asa - 45 families
Purok Magsaysay - 45 families
Purok San Isidro - 20 families
Purok Mangga - 70 families
Heavy rainfall that caused flash flood resulting to 10
meters
deformed and eroded farm to market road and flooded
rice
fields at Purok Ilang Ilang, Barangay Malaya dated
December 1,
Purok Ilang Ilang and Purok 2016.
December 1 and 3,
Banga Daisy, Barangay Heavy rainfall with strong wind resulted to damage of rice
2016
Malaya field
at Purok Ilang Ilang and Purok Daisy, Barangay Malaya
dated
December 3, 2016
80% of crops/rice plantation – damaged
14 farmers affected
Barangay Lapuz,
Barangay Liberty – 8 has. rice field damaged
Barangay
Php. 85,000.00 estimated cost of damaged
Liberty, Barangay
Barangay San Jose – 28.5 has. rice field damaged
Norala San Jose, December 3, 2016
Vegetative and reproductive stage – 25% to 50%
Barangay Lopez
damaged
Jaena and
Barangay Poblacion – No evacuees
Barangay

Poblacion Sub Purok Limpin Subdivision – 11 families affected with
50 dependents
Sub Purok Yellowbelle - 8 families affected with 40
dependents
Purok Que Alma - 20 families affected with 100
dependents
Barangay Panay Barangay Panay – 101 Residential houses were flooded
Purok Sta. Carmen, Purok Sta. Carmen, Barangay Katipunan – 18
Barangay Residential
Katipunan. houses were flooded
Barangay Barangay Guinsang-an – 56 Residential houses were
Sto. Niño Guinsang-an December 3, 2016 flooded
Purok Everlasting 1 Purok Everlasting 1 and Purok Mabinuligon, Barangay
and Purok San
Mabinuligon, Isidro – 154 Residential houses were flooded
Barangay San Three hundred Twenty Nine (329) Families/Residents
Isidro affected
Barangay New Ilo-
116.76 has. of rice seedling stage– damaged
Ilo, Barangay
Maibo, Barangay
Tantangan December 13, 2016 P85,000.00
Cabuling and
64 farmers affected were affected by flooding due to
Barangay Bukay
intense rain dated December 12, 2016
Pait
Huge volume of rain water resulted to flooding and
Banga Purok Mainuswagon, Barangay Kusan January 29, 2017 damaging rice field owned by Jovito Vargas
ESTIMATED COST OF DAMAGE: P15,000
Roads unpassable by vehicles – Sitio Latil, Barangay
Kablon, Sitio Glandang, Sitio Datal Ngisi, Barangay
Kablon, Kablon Sentro
Barangay Simbo - Makeshift Bridge, totally damaged
Agricultural:
Barangay Simbo:
2 has. Palay
Sitio Basak, Barangay Polonuling, 1 has. Corn
Tupi Purok 1, 3, 4, 5, Barangay Simbo and March 13, 2017 ¼ has. vegetables
Sitio Latil, Barangay Kablon ½ has. root crops
2 has. Banana
Barangay Polonoling:
One (1) residential house owned by Mr. and Mrs. Manuel
Fuentes with 5 dependents was partially damaged
Est. cost of damage on crops: P214,460
Eight Hundred (800) elementary and secondary students
were stranded
Barangay Bentung
1 cow dead
2 cows missing, owned by Mr. Antonio Ancheta
1 span fish pond 15x20 with approximately 1,000 Tilapya
- totally damaged, owned by Mr. Abdul Satur Andlam
More or less 500 hills Bamboo (Bayog) – damaged,
Barangay Bentung, Barangay Sulit, owned by Radhelk A. Angca, Royica A. Angca, Abdul
Barangay Lumakil, Barangay Koronadal Satur Andlam and Alberto Torencio
Polomolok March 13, 2017
Proper, Barangay Magsaysay and
Barangay Silway 7 Barangay Sulit
Road – severely damaged- main road and farm to market
roads at Purok 9, 7, 3, 10, 1 and provincial road
7 span precast concrete fence – totally damaged owned
by Sunrice Greenery Farm
Barangay Lumakil

Severely damaged main roads and farm roads
Koronadal Proper
90% damaged newly planted Bayog plantation at Purok 3
Over flow of canal at Purok 5.
Flooded residential houses at Purok 6.
1. 75 has. damaged, grown out period corn owned by
Napoleon Gomez
2.25 has. damaged, 40 day old corn owned by Rolly
Belisario
.25 has. damaged, newly harrowed corn owned by
Nenita Belisario
1 has. damaged, harvestable corn owned by Cecelia
Potente
Severe damage due to soil erosion at Purok 6
2 hills coconut owned by Khadaffy Usop and Hanipa
Usop
5 hills Gemelina
1 santol tree
Bananas
1 cow missing owned by Florentino Gomez
1 horse missing owned by Pulino Olvido
100 hills Bayog damaged owned by Tomas Olvido
1 has. 1 month old corn owned by Ricardo Dela Cruz
.5 has. corn owned by Dioneris Dumago
1 has banana plantation owned by Jenson Corporation
Partially damaged flood control structure (gabion)
constructed by Provincial Government
Barangay Magsaysay
Damage on indigenous dike – project of LGU Polomolok
with Mahintana Foundation and Provincial Government
of South Cotabato.
Damage on crops – for assessment
Barangay Silway 7
Silway 7 bridge - Partially damage
Upper Klinan, Lamcaliaf, Palkan and Crossing Palkan

Severe damage on main roads and farm to market roads
P1,017,302.14
Sitio Acfaon, Damaged farm to market road, caused by run-off water
Tupi May 15, 2017
Barangay Bunao from the overflowed creek
Nine (9) residential houses were flooded
Owners are the following:
1. Ernie Tresbe
2. Salvador Celendro
3. Editha Amparan
Sto. Niño Purok Rizal, Barangay Panay May 14, 2017 4. Loreto Palco
5. Feliciana Tresbe
6. Lucio Celendro
7. Luisa Celendro
8. Dionicio Pajanoy
9. Florencio Fuyonan
Barangay Landan
Barangay Landan, Barangay Polo,
Polomolok Barangay March 17, 2017
Maligo, Barangay Upper Klinan
Water pipelines were damaged. No supply of water
Barangay Polo
Severe damage of main roads and gully
Koronadal Maligo
Severe damage of river banks
Total damage of 5 span fish pond with 10,000 tilapia,
were 2 span of this is at harvestable age
Severe damage of Barangay roads and Purok Kawit road
are not passable
Barangay Upper Klinan

Severe damage of river banks at Purok Kaunlaran
3 families were evacuated at Purok Stage, later return to
their residential houses after the assessment conducted
by the Punong Barangay and MDRRMO
Barangay Landan
14 families evacuated
One (1) residential house owned by Zenaida Falco
Sto. Niño Purok Bonifacio, Barangay Panay May 21, 2017 was flooded
Estimated cost of damage: P20,000
May 23, 2017 Dike was partially damaged
Damaged farm to market road, flooded residential
houses
along river bank and damaged box culvert approach
Barangay Kalkam:
Flooded residential houses
Tupi Barangay Lunen and Barangay Kalkam June 5, 2017 Josephine Diego –temporarily evacuated from the area
Damaged box culvert approach.
Barangay Lunen: (Flash flood and Landslide)
Damaged road going to Sitio Lamplawan
Damaged road going to Sitio Pangi
Damaged road going to Sitio Clod
19.25 has - totally damaged rice field
Banga Barangay San Jose June 4, 2017 Estimated cost of damage: PhP. 976,112.50
Twenty Four (24) farmers affected
Sitio Tucalabong, Barangay Crossing
Tupi June 4, 2017 Collapsed perimeter wall owned by Joven Sasil
Rubber
2.50 has - Totally damaged rice field
Six (6) farmers affected:
1. Ranulfo Lavapiez
Banga Barangay Malaya June 13, 2017 2. Alfie Lavapiez
3. Vivian Cabangisan
4. Lerma Pullona
5. Maria Burgos
6. Violeta Lavapiez
Purok Paglaum and Mabuhay 1,
Koronadal City June 21, 2017 Unpassable Barangay Road
Barangay Carpenter
5 1/4 has crops damaged
Ten (10) Farmers affected:
1. Arcenio, Juan Sarona
2. Pnaguiton, Laura Calda
Koronadal City Barangay Sto. Niño June 21, 2017
3. Siosona, Alex Sarabia
4. Puyong, Gulda Arcenio
5. Andayran, Richard Franco
6. Pareño, Robert Salcedo
7. Centino, Amor Bolencis
8. Tabuzares, Rebecca Malasarte
9. Tabuzares, Agustin Gemalfin
10. Diaz, Mary Ann Dolormente
Fish ponds – damaged
Avanzado Bridge – damaged approach
Flooded residential house and damaged appliances
owned by Felicisimo Malibago
Tampakan Purok 5, Barangay Maltana June 21, 2017 Estimated cost of damage: P275,197
Fish farmers affected:
Joel Navato
Ruben Gulanday
Alferdo Ureta Sr.
Flooded residential houses
Tampakan Purok Bayanihan, Barangay Poblacion June 23, 2017
Residents of Galino compound
Severe damage of river banks at Purok Kaunlaran,
Polomolok Barangay Upper Klinan June 29, 2017 Mapag-on and Malipayon
Damage of farm to market roads
3.5 has. palay - damaged
Four (4) farmers affected:
Tupi Barangay Polonuling July 7, 2017 Federico Soler
Melvin Gatinao
Silvestre Dualos
Edgardo Solatorio
2.5 has rice – damaged at Sitio Pag-asa
Box culvert – partially damaged at Sitio Tboli
Pipe culvert - partially damaged at Purok Mainuswagon
P45,000 - 2.5 has rice
Sitio Pag-asa, Sitio Tboli and Purok
P200,000 - culvert
Tupi Mainuswagon, Barangay Kusan, July 11, 2017
P50,000 - pipe culvert
Municipality of Banga
Total - P295,000
Farmers affected are the following:
Marites Villadares
Thelma Cataluña
Renato Miano
Upper Maculan bridge – scouring on bridge approach
Lake Sebu Barangay Upper Maculan July 13, 2017
and foundation
Flash floods at residential areas and flooded rice fields
Purok 6 and Sitio Salapao, Barangay
Tupi July 13, 2017 Farmers and residents of Purok 6 and Sitio Salapao,
Polonuling
Barangay Polonuling
Box culvert – Partially damaged at Barangay Tubeng
Tupi Barangay Lunen and Barangay Tubeng July 14 to 15, 2017 Damaged river bank stabilization at Sitio Saboy and
Purok Balete, Barangay Lunen
Purok Lambunao, Barangay BS Flooded residential houses
Norala Aquino, Purok Pag-Asa, Barangay July 14, 2017 Residents of Purok Lambunao, Barangay BS Aquino and
Dumaguil Purok Pag-Asa, Barangay Dumaguil
Banga Sitio Highway, Barangay Rizal 3 July 11, 2017 Damaged rice fields and coconut trees
Purok, Mabinuligon, Mainuswagon, Ninety One (91) residential houses were flooded
Sto. Niño Masagana and Malipayon, Barangay July 11, 2017 Estimated cost of damage: P5,000
Katipunan Ninety One (91) families affected
Frequent heavy rainfall and huge volume of water
resulted to
Banga National High School, Barangay
Banga July 18, 2017 flooding of Banga National High School campus, and
Benitez
damaged to
school properties, facilities and documents

Damaged rice fields
Eleven (11) farmers affected
1. Boy Laza
2. Wilfredo Nadon
3. Boy Ang
4. Elmer Nadon
Banga Barangay San Jose July 17, 2017 5. Freddie Baylon
6. John Estrologo
7. Rene Gante
8. Valentine Milliondaga
9. Teresa Alipis
10. Lovemer Nadon
11. Moroy Milliondaga
Damaged bridge riprap at Purok Malakas
Damaged road going to Sitio Lamplawan and Sitio Clod
Tupi Barangay Lunen August 1, 2017
Damaged river bank stabilization at Purok Sarisa, Balite,
Tahimik, Islam and Sitio Saboy
Purok, Mabinuligon and Purok One Hundred Five (105) households were flooded
Sto. Niño August 6, 2017
Everlasting 1, Barangay San Isidro One Hundred Five (105) families affected
Frequent heavy rainfall and huge volume of water
resulted to
Banga Purok Quezon, Barangay Rang-ay August 6, 2017
continuous soil erosion and flooding of residential houses
along the creek
Purok, Mabinuligon, Mainuswagon,
Thirty One (31) households were flooded
Sto. Niño Masagana and Purok Malipayon, August 6, 2017
Thirty One (31) families affected
Barangay Katipunan
Barangay Palian:
Approach Box culvert bridge – partially damaged
Approach Palian Steel bridge - partially damaged
Barangay Tubeng:
Approach Kugi box culvert bridge – partially damaged
Sitio Salaguidan, Barangay Tubeng and
Tupi August 10, 2017 Approach Atbagan Box culvert bridge – partially
Barangay Palian
damaged
Culvert barrel type –
partially damaged
Purok 4 Tubeng and Salaguidan Roads – partially
damaged
Eight (8) residential houses were totally damaged
Owners:
Romeo Lebuna
Reycel Lebuna
Reynold Lebuna
Reynante Vargas
Roman Batan
Jona Tala
Efren Digdigan Jr.
Arnel Balibadlan
Tboli Barangay New Dumangas August 9, 2017 Four (4) residential houses were partially damaged
Owners:
Romeo Francisco
Ann Kayugan
Reynaldo Naceda
Dante Lebuna
.5 Has. corn - damaged
One (1) motor cycle – washed away
Twelve (12) fish farmers affected
Fish farmers:
Roy Banares

Alejandro Decolongon
Jimmy Domejes
Randolph Mula
Teresita Mula
Reynaldo Naceda
Synthia Simpao
Efren Digdigan Jr.
TEresita Genanda
Lucas Oro
Jose Soreta
Alan Carmona
Nine (9) fishponds damaged
500 hills Papaya – damaged
9,650 more or less Tilapya and Hito - flushed out
Two (2) Papaya farmers affected:
Edmond Hipe
Elyong Balanon
Tupi Small Spring 3, Barangay Cebuano August 13, 2017
Five (5) fish farmers affected:
Edmond Hipe
Anita Solcoquin
Enesto Cartalia
Romeo Tamayo
Dionesio Sol
Barangay Acmonan:
Infrastructure:
Two (2) Mini Steel Bridge going to Dataltah was totally
damaged
Farm to market road – going to Dataltah – damaged
Livestock:
1 cow – owned by Elon Intal
1 pig, 60 kgs. - owned by Ruben Salda
1 pig, 60 kgs. - owned by Mr. Prudente
1 horse – owned by Neljun Aguinaldo – retrieved by the
owner last August 27, 2017.
3 span fish pond
Four (4) Residential houses were totally damaged
Mesa Bago – Purok 6, Acmunan
Freddie Piang – Purok 6, Acmunan
Noel Abnayan – Sitio Dataltab, Acmunan
Maximo P. Abnayan
Barangay Cebuano, Linan, Acmonan Eight (8) Residential houses were partially damaged at
Tupi August 24, 2017
and Bolomala Sitio Dataltab, Acmunan
Gorio Bago
Don-don Magon
Kang Balunto
Ruben Salda
Sino Balunto
Boyet Abnayan
Liro Balunto
Ronie Balunto
Barangay Cebuano:
Infrastructure:
Damaged footbridge at Purok Mambusong 1
Agricultural Crops:
Banana – Partially damaged – owned by Sheba
Villanueva
One (1) Residential house was totally damaged
Arlene Pasay Lucaberte
Eight (8) Residential houses were partially damaged

Mercy Agrava
Ricky Corsiga
Gloria Bullos
Enrique Enterina
Joey Bullos
Rita Malintoi
Solomon Cain
Paterno Simbahon Jr.
Barangay Linan:
Two (2) residential houses were totally damaged
Oliver Cabizares
Abraham Bulitin
One (1) residential house was partially damaged
Christopher S. Suerte
Two (2) families - Personal belongings damaged:
Victor Danial
Gabriel Genil
Infrastructure:
Celso Maneja – 50 meters electrical wires, washed out.
Amado Maneja - 200 meters # 17 SDR pipe line, washed
out.
Farm to market road at Purok Cabizares – not passable
Damaged Agricultural crops/fish pond:
Romeo Suerte – banana, coconut,
guyabano bamboo, fish pond
Baleriano Alegado – fish pond
Eugenio Cabuyao – pineapple, banana, coconut
Teresita Lapiz – banana, coconut
Semplecio Cabizares – fish pond
Nestor Cabizares – fish pond, bamboo, coconut
Amado Maneja – Bamboo, Marang, coconut, mahogany,
avocado
Christopher Delatore – coconut, banana
Jun jun Exconde – papaya
Elrey Tabitit – coconut, banana
Edwin Sucia – coconut, banana, bamboo, coffee
Beberly Castellano – bamboo, banana, coconut,
mahogany
Vicente Picara – mahogany

Adolfo Agaban – coconut, banana
Barangay Bololmala:
Agricultural crops:
Bert D. Leocario - Coconut, Banana, Bamboo – totally
damaged
Leny Obra - Coconut – Totally damaged
Danilo Estiaga Jr. – coconut, lanzones, tambis, Sunkist –
totally damaged
Arsenia Tanguiling – lanzones, coconut, rambutan,
durian, banana
Two (2) residential houses were totally damaged
Danilo Estiaga Jr.
Andrew Sales
Infrastructure:
Jacinto Sales – 2 electrical post – totally damaged
Celenia Alaba – 1 electrical post – totally damaged
Barangay Kablon:
Farm to market road – not passable

Drop structure and retaining wall – Purok Rañada,
Barangay Poblacion
Damaged line canal – Dimaclid, Barangay Cannery Site
Damaged road – Purok Sto Niño, Ligtas Subd. Peoples
Village, Barangay Cannery Site
Flooded classrooms – Perfecto Salada Elem. Sch.
Cannery Site.
Estimated cost of damage to infrastructure: P4,000,000
Ten (10) families affected at Barangay Poblacion.
Cyril Sarana
Purok Balabat, Sampaguita, Ma. Rosa, Herbet Biral
Polomolok Rañada, Barangay Poblacion, and September 4, 2017 Ramil Rojero
Purok Masigla, Barangay Silway 8 Naser Taype
Juanito Suplagio
Romy Arevalo
Jay Marquez
Josie Mesa
Phiea Penis
Stephine Aloy
Three (3) families affected Barangay Silway 8
Mercedes Obillo
Arisleo Macala
Novavilla Fe Macala
Damaged Road – unpassable for any means of
Purok Pag-Asa, Barangay Dumaguil
Norala September 13, 2017 transportation
and Purok Lapu Lapu, Barangay Puti
Estimated cost of damaged: P400,000
Provincial Road, Purok Rizal, Barangay
Sto. Niño September 14, 2017 Eroded/Damaged Provincial Road
San Vicente
Four (4) Barangays affected by flash flood
Infrastructure: 1,200,000.00
Lote North and Purok 1 Mambusong,
Livestock: 50,000.00
Tupi Barangay Cebuano and Sitio Atbagan, September 17, 2017
Residential houses: 40,900.00
Barangay Tubeng
Grand total P1,290,900
Eight (8) Puroks affected by flash flood
Purok Sampaguita, Pagkakaisa,
2.5 has. Rice fields – partially damaged
Tagumpay, Kasaganaan, Upper
Tantangan October 2, 2017 20 bags assorted feeds – damaged, owned by Richie
Maligaya, Salukag, Cadena de Amor
Fundar
and Namnama, Barangay Poblacion
Six Hundred (600) Estimated Households were affected
One (1) dead - drowned while crossing the river
Koronadal City Purok Maunlad, Barangay Saravia October 2, 2017
Morita Daluman Bastian
Flood Control Dike – damaged due to flash flood at Allah
Sto. Niño Purok Bonifacio, Barangay Panay October 5, 2017
River
Collapsed riprap and partially damaged bridge due to
Banga Sitio Imbong, Barangay Lam-apos October 5, 2017
flash flood
Twenty (20) Damaged culvert – passable for motorcycle
and
unpassable for 4 wheeled vehicles
Purok Lapu-lapu and Purok Roxas,
Norala October 5, 2017 Damaged Barangay Road – going to El Kuda of
Barangay Puti
Barangay Puti
Estimated cost of damaged:
P100,000
Twelve (12) residential houses flooded
Fourteen (14) families affected
26 adults and 43 children
Tampakan Purok Quezon, Barangay Kipalbig September 18, 2017
Carmela C. Manib
Gladys J. Dacean
Josalie Q. Baray

Lonesa F. Tahaw
Elyn C. Baray
Minda M. Daniala
Vichy Heroche
Asul Busi
Sadon Sadon
Rosemarie K. Magon
Ferbita T. Magon
Zenaida D. Baray
Gena D. Baray
Ana C. Tahaw
Damaged line canal at Purok 1, 2, 3, and 4

Road not passable at Purok and Sitios at Barangay
Miasong
Road to Sitio Binigno Aquino not passable due to
landslide
One (1) concrete fence in Miasong Elementary School
Tupi Barangay Miasong October 3 to 5, 2017 collapsed
One (1) hanging bridge connecting to residential area at
Sitio
Corazon J. Escobillo damaged, resulting to 40 families
cannot
Pass
Residents of Barangay Miasong
Ten (10) residential houses were affected by flash flood

Owners are the following:
Felizardo Belgira
Danilo Belgira
Felipa Mailim
Rosver Gonzales
Vilma Diaz
Editha Belgira
Ailyn Imbat
Banga Purok Daisy, Barangay Derilon October 10, 2017
Nimfa Paez
Nicanor Gonzales
Mr. Apac
Four (4) farm owners affected
Affected farmers:
Jose Belgira
Armando Duce
Estilita Septin
Wenceslao Derilon Jr.
Purok, Mabinuligon, Barangay Flooded households
Sto. Niño October 30, 2017
Katipunan Thirty four (34) families affected
Partially damaged – Smakung Bridge, Purok Malipayon
Totally damaged – Riprap of bridge, Purok Malakas,
Purok
Malipayon and Purok Sarisa
Damaged road due to Landslide, Purok Malipayon and
Sitio
Tupi Barangay Lunen November 6, 2017
Lamplawan
Damaged river bank stabilization – Purok Sarisa to
Tahimik,
Balite to Islam, Purok Malipayon, Ybanez farm and
Balanon area at Sitio Saboy
Affected residents of Barangay Lunen

Municipality/City Barangay Date Impact
Lekek Creek, Sitio Lemuti, Barangay
Lake Sebu January 24, 2018 Two (2) individuals Drowned
Lamlahak
Nine (9) Houses were totally damaged
Purok Balabat, Manatad, SamPaguita
February 3, 2018
Polomolok Ext., San Agustin and Rañada, 48 Families were forced to evacuate.
around 12:00 p.m.
Barangay Poblacion Estimated cost of damage:
PhP. 200,000.00
Nine (9) Houses were totally damaged
43 families forced to evacuate.
Damaged river banks from Purok Balabat, Barangay
Poblacion to Purok Masigla, Barangay Silway 8.
Saldua bridge – highly at risk
Progress report as of
Purok Balabat, Manatad, SamPaguita Purok Rañada, Barangay Poblacion:
February 9, 2018 of
Polomolok Ext., San Agustin and Rañada, Damaged flood control structure
February 3, 2018
Barangay Poblacion 2 check dams were totally damaged
around 12:00 p.m
200 meters retaining wall were totally damaged
52 Families with 174 dependents affected.

PhP. 1,000,000.00
Flooded Residential houses.
Purok Rizal 1, Rizal 2, Magsaysay,
February 3, 2018 106 Families were affected.
Sto. Niño Paghidaet 1 and Paghidaet 2, Barangay
around 3:00 a.m.
Panay
“No estimated cost of damage declared”
Fifteen (15) Flooded Residential houses.
15 sacks of rice damaged and carried away by flash
flood
February 3, 2018
Sto. Niño Purok Maligaya, Barangay San Vicente Fifteen 15 families affected
around 3:00 a.m.
Francis Arnigo and Eddie Frondoza – rice owner

Sixteen (16) Households were affected by flash flood.
Purok Malipayon and Mainuswagon, May 7, 2018 around
Sto. Niño Estimated cost of damage:
Barangay Katipunan 11:45 p.m.
Progress report as of Sixteen (16) Households were affected by flash flood.
Purok Malipayon and Mainuswagon,
Sto. Niño May 8, 2018 of May 7, Estimated cost of damage:
Barangay Katipunan
2017 “No estimated cost of damage declared”
Damaged provincial Road going to Barangay Tablo.
May 7, 2018 around
Tampakan Sitio Kolondatal, Barangay Lampitak Estimated cost of damage:
10:00 p.m.
One (1) residential house was partially damaged.
Family of Tito Salbareno
May 16, 2018 around
Surallah Sitio Sibuyon, Barangay Canahay 3 female
8:30 p.m.
2 male
Estimated cost of damage: PhP 100,000.00
Two (2) SOCOTECO post fell down.
Box culvert was totally damaged.
May 18, 2018 around
Banga Purok Mainuswagon, Barangay Kusan Residents of Purok Mainuswagon.
8:30 p.m.
PhP. 50,000.00
Flooded Residential areas.
May 31, 2018 around
Koronadal City Purok Pag Asa, Barangay Carpenter ESTIMATED COST OF DAMAGE:
4:00 p.m.
“No estimated damages declared”
Flooded Provincial Road
Flooded Farm Lot more or less 60 has.
Surallah Sitio Franco, Barangay Canahay July 4, 2018 Farm lot owned by Franco Family and Belonio Family.
One (1) residential house was totally damaged.
Koronadal City Purok Riverside, Barangay Caloocan, July 12, 2018
Four (4) affected families.

2 has. Crop damaged, palay, kamotengkahoy, corn and
vegetables.
Fruit trees: Jackfruit, banana, coconut trees, suha.
“No estimated damages declared
July 15, 2018around Twenty Two (22) affected families.
Korondal City Purok Sto. Niño, Barangay Carpenter
4:00p.m. ESTIMATED COST OF DAMAGE:
July 21, 2018 around Landslide/flood
Tupi Barangay Kalkam
3:00 p.m. Estimated cost of damage: PhP. 294,500.00
Damaged road.
November 4, 2018 Damaged lined canal.
Banga Purok Paraiso, Barangay El Nonok
around 3:00 p.m Estimated cost of damage:
Landslide
One (1) dead
One (1) individual rescued
February 13, 2018
Banga Purok Spring, Barangay Lampari Agricultural products – partially damaged
around 3:45 p.m.
Four (4) Farmers affected
“No estimated cost of damaged declared”
Strong wind
One (1) residential house was partially
March 21, 2018
Banga Barangay Cabudian damaged by fallen tree due to strong wind.
around 4:00 p.m.
Php. 15,000.00
Tornado/Strong Wind
April 29, 2018 around
Banga Purok Magsaysay, Barangay Lamba One (1) residential house was partially damaged.
2:00 p.m
Estimated cost of damage: Php. 40,000.00
Strong wind and heavy rainfall
April 29, 2018 around
Banga Sitio Paez, Barangay Rizal-3 One (1) residential house was partially damaged.
5:00 p.m
Tornado/Strong Wind
May 1, 2018 around One (1) Bakery was partially damaged.
Banga Sitio Matlong, Barangay Lamba
3:30 p.m. Estimated cost of damage:
Php. 90,000.00
Tornado/Strong Wind
May 3, 2018 around
Banga Purok Magsaysay, Barangay Lamba Two Thousand (2,000) Hills of Banana were damaged.
2:45 p.m.
Flash flood
Two (2) SOCOTECO post fell down.
May 18, 2018 around
Banga Purok Mainuswagon, Barangay Kusan Box culvert was totally damaged.
8:30 p.m.
Residents of Purok Mainuswagon.
Estimated cost of damage: PhP. 50,000.00
Strong wind with heavy rainfall
May 19, 2018 around
Banga Sitio Kalubihan, Barangay Kusan One (1) residential house was totally damaged.
11:30 a.m.
Purok Ite, Purok Bagong Lipunan and One (1) residential house was totally damaged.
June 15, 2018 around
Banga Purok Malipayon, Barangay Rizal Five (5) residential houses were partially damaged.
2:30 p.m.
Poblacion One (1) car was partially damaged.
Sitio Tubungan, Paraiso, Pag-asa,
July 8, 2018 around One (1) residential house was totally damaged.
Banga Purok Liberty and Purok Ubas,
7:20 p.m. Damaged road and Canal
Barangay Cinco
Heavy rainfall
Eroded concrete Bridge
Banga Purok Daisy, Barangay Malaya August 20, 2018
Purok Lower Mainuswagon, Barangay September 8, 2018
Banga One (1) residential house was partially damaged.
Kusan around 4:00 p.m.
September 8, 2018
Banga Sitio San Juan, Barangay Rizal 3 One (1) residential house was totally damaged.
around 3:00 p.m.
One (1) residential house was partially damaged.
Purok Masinulondon, Malipayon and September 8, 2018 Four (4) residential houses were totally damaged.
Banga
Mahigugmaon, Barangay Cabudian around 3:00 p.m. Seven (7) residential houses were partially damaged.
Banga Purok Rizal, Barangay Cinco September 23, 2018 One (1) residential house was partially damaged.
Estimated cost of damage:Php. 10,000.00
October 24, 2018 One (1) residential house was partially damaged.
Banga Purok Masagana, Barangay Cabudian
around 6:00 p.m. Estimated cost of damage: Php. 3,000.00

October 24, 2018
Banga Purok Paghidaet, Barangay Malaya One (1) residential house was totally damaged.
around 7:00 p.m.
Banga Barangay El Nonok October 24, 2018
Estimated cost of damage: Php195,000.00
October 24, 2018 Strong wind with heavy rainfall
Banga Barangay Yangco
Banga Barangay Improgo
Purok Mahinangpanon, Manisi, Pag-Asa
Banga and Purok Silang, Barangay Punong
around 7:00 p.m. Estimated cost of damage: PhP. 35,000.00
Grande
Purok Bayanihan, Barangay Rizal October 24, 2018 Strong wind with heavy rainfall
Banga
Poblacion around 7:00 p.m. Estimated cost of damage: PhP. 15,000.00
Purok Pag-Asa and Purok Malipayon, November 4, 2018 Strong wind with heavy rainfall
Banga
Barangay Rizal Poblacion around 4:30 p.m. Estimated cost of damage: PhP. 30,000.00
Flash flood
Damaged road.
Purok Paraiso, Barangay November 4, 2018
Banga Damaged lined canal.
El Nonok around 3:00 p.m.
Purok Halangdon and Purok Imelda, November 4, 2018 Strong wind with heavy rainfall
Banga
Barangay Benitez around 4:30 p.m Estimated cost of damage: PhP. 110,000.00
Barangay Public Plaza, Barangay Rang- October 24, Strong wind with heavy rainfall
Banga
ay 2018around 6:35 p.m. Estimated cost of damage: PhP. 500,000.00
Flash flood
May 31, 2018 around Flooded Residential areas.
Koronadal City Purok Pag Asa, Barangay Carpenter
Strong wind
One (1) residential house was partially damaged by
June 7, 2018 around
Koronadal City Purok Randal, Barangay Cacub fallen tree.
5:00 p.m.
Estimated cost of damage:“No estimated cost of damage
declared”
One (1) residential house was partially damaged by
June 12, 2018 around
Koronadal City Purok Masipag, Barangay Sta. Cruz fallen tree.
4:30 p.m.
Estimated cost of damage: “No estimated cost of
damage declared”
Flash Flood
2 has. Crop damaged, palay, kamotengkahoy, corn
Koronadal City Purok Riverside, Barangay Caloocan July 12, 2018
and vegetables.
Estimated cost of damaged: “No estimated damages
declared”
Flash Flood
Koronadal City Purok Riverside, Barangay Caloocan July 12, 2018
2 has. Crop damaged, palay, kamotengkahoy, corn

and vegetables.
Estimated cost of damaged: “No estimated damages
declared”
Flash flood
July 15, 2018around
Koronadal City Purok Sto. Niño, Barangay Carpenter Twenty Two (22) affected families.
4:00p.m.
Nine (9) residential houses were totally damaged by
Purok Magsaysay, Maharlika, M. Forro July 28, 2018 around
Koronadal City fallen tree.
and Maligaya, Barangay GPS 4:00 p.m.
Nine (9) residential houses were partially damaged by
Purok Suscano, Masagana A and B, July 28, 2018 around fallen tree.
Koronadal City
Alegria, Spring Tres, Barangay Morales 4:00 p.m. Three (3) residential houses were totally damaged by
fallen tree.
July 28, 2018 around Declaration of State of Calamity
Koronadal City Barangay Sto. Niño
Tornado/strong wind
One (1) Purok stage was totally damaged.
July 28, 2018 around One (1) Day Care Center was partially damaged.
Koronadal City Barangay New Pangasinan
4:00 p.m. Fifteen (15) residential houses were partially
damaged.Damaged Crop.32 farmers affected
Barangay Concepcion, Caloocan, Zone

3, Topland, Magsaysay, Mabini, San Heavy rainfall with strong wind
Koronadal City July 28, 2018
Roque, Namnama, Avaceña, San Jose Damaged properties, agriculture
andSto. Niño
Strong wind with heavy rain fall
August 4, 2018
Koronadal City Purok Hechanova, Barangay Paraiso One (1) residential house was totally damaged.
around 5:00 p.m.
Koronadal City Barangay Sta. Cruz July 28, 2018
damage declared”
61.25 hectares of rice fields was damaged.
Koronadal City Barangay Carpenter Hill December 17, 2018
44 farmers affected.
No estimated cost of damage declared”
8.5 hectares of rice fields was damaged.
Koronadal City Barangay Carpenter Hill December 25, 2018
7 farmers affected.“No estimated cost of damage
declared”
Lekek Creek, Sitio Lemuti, Barangay Flash Flood
Lake Sebu January 24, 2018
Lamlahak Two (2) individuals Drowned
Strong wind
March 16, 2018 One (1) residential house was partially damaged due to
Norala Purok Magsaysay, Barangay Puti
around 3:00 p.m. strong wind.
Strong wind
Purok Mainuswagon, Barangay June 17, 2018 around One (1) residential house was partially damaged.
Norala
Simsiman 4:30 p.m. One (1) Hut was totally damaged
Strong wind
Purok Bagumbuhay, Barangay San September 2, 2018
Norala One (1) residential house was partially damaged.
Miguel around 1:00 p.m.
Purok Aguinaldo, Barangay Lapuz and Strong wind with heavy rainfall
September 9, 2018
Norala Purok Mainuswagon, Barangay Three (3) damaged meter reading and service wires.
around 9:00 p.m.
Simsiman Uprooted mango tree that caused road blockage.
October 14, 2018 Strong Wind
Norala Purok Mabinuligon, Barangay Matapol
around 4:00 p.m. Seven (7) residential houses were partially damaged.
Heavy rainfall
Norala Brgy. Tinago October 24, 2018
Several roads were partially damaged
Purok Balabat, Manatad, SamPaguita Flash flood
February 3, 2018
Polomolok Ext., San Agustin and Rañada, 52 Families with 174 dependents affected.
around 12:00 p.m.
Barangay Poblacion Estimated cost of damage:PhP.1,000,000.00
Flash Flood
Purok Rizal 1, Rizal 2, Magsaysay, Flooded Residential houses.
February 3, 2018
Sto. Niño Paghidaet 1 and Paghidaet 2, Barangay 106 Families were affected.
around 3:00 a.m.
Panay Estimated cost of damage:
Flash flood
Fifteen (15) Flooded Residential houses.
15 sacks of rice damaged and carried away by flash
February 3, 2018
Sto. Niño Purok Maligaya, Barangay San Vicente flood
around 3:00 a.m.
Fifteen 15 families affected
damage declared”
Flash flood
Purok Malipayon and Mainuswagon, May 7, 2018 around Sixteen (16) Households were affected by flash flood.
Sto. Niño
Barangay Katipunan 11:45 p.m. Estimated cost of damage: “No estimated cost of
damage declared”
Strong wind
September 30, 2018
Sto. Niño Purok Masagana, Barangay Teresita One (1) residential house was partially damaged.
around 7:00 p.m.
Continuous heavy rainfall
Surallah All barangay January 8, 2018. Suspension of classes in all school levels (Pre-school,
Elementary and High school).
Continuous heavy rainfall
Barangay Naci, Lamian, Colongulo, Six (6) Barangays declared Suspension
Surallah February 7, 2018.
Buenavista, Moloy and Duengas of classes in all school levels (Pre-school,
Elementary and High school).
Tornado/Strong wind
Sitio Upper San Vicente, Barangay April 9, 2018 around One (1) residential house was totally
Surallah
Centrala 3:00 p.m. damage due to tornado.
Flash flood
May 16, 2018 around One (1) residential house was partially damaged.
Surallah Sitio Sibuyon, Barangay Canahay
PhP 100,000.00
Flash Flood
Flooded Provincial Road
Surallah Sitio Franco, Barangay Canahay July 4, 2018 Flooded Farm Lot more or less 60 has.
damage declared”
Flash flood
May 7, 2018 around
Tampakan Sitio Kolondatal, Barangay Lampitak Damaged provincial Road going to Barangay Tablo.“No
10:00 p.m.
estimated cost of damage declared”
Strong wind
Purok Masagana, Barangay New July 28, 2018 around
Tantangan Two (2) residential houses were partially damaged.
Lambunao 3:00 p.m.
Landslide
July 6, 2018 around
Tantangan Sitio Mayada, Barangay New Libas Road blockage due to Landslide
3:00 a.m.
Strong wind
August 13, 2018
Tantangan Purok Paglaum, Brgy. New Iloilo, Two (2) residential houses were partially damaged.
around 5:00 p.m.
Strong Wind
October 14, 2018
Tantangan Purok Bagong Silang, Barangay Libas One (1) residential house was totally damaged.
around 3:00 p.m.
Purok Mapainubuson, Barangay May 28, 2018 around Heavy rainfall
Tboli
Edwards 5:05 p.m. One (1) residential house was totally damaged.
July 4, 2018 around Landslide
Tboli Sitio Dorego, Barangay Poblacion
2:35 p.m. One (1) residential house was partially damaged.

Estimated cost of damaged:PhP. 15,000.00
Landslide
Zigzag Road, Sitio Spring, Barangay July 4, 2018 around Un-passable Zigzag Road going to New Dumangas
Tboli
Poblacion 2:45 p.m. Estimated cost of damaged:
Landslide
July 4, 2018 around Two (2) residential houses were at risk on Landslide.
Tboli Habitat, Lugan 3, Barangay Poblacion
4:35 p.m. Estimated cost of damaged:
Strong wind
Purok Upper Cebuano and Purok Small April 28, 2018 around One (1) residential house was totally damaged.
Tupi
Spring III, Barangay Crossing Rubber 3:00 p.m. Five (5) Papaya farmers affected
July 21, 2018 around Flash flood
Tupi Barangay Kalkam
3:00 p.m. Estimated cost of damage: PhP. 294,500.00
Barangay Bololmala, Cebuano, Kalkam August 12, 2018 Strong wind
Tupi
and Palian around 3:30 p.m. Agricultural crops affected includng some residence.
Strong Wind
Purok 4 and Purok Bagong Silang, October 14, 2018
Tupi Two (2) residential houses were partially damaged
Barangay Linan around 2:30 p.m.
Strong wind
October 14, 2018 One (1) residential house was totally damaged.
Tupi Sitio Kafok, Barangay Acmonan
around 2:00 p.m. Estimated cost of damage: “No estimated cost of
damage declared”
Source: PDRRMO-South Cotabato, 2018
Map 2.8.15 shows the flooding incidents in the entire province with historical data for 14 years
(2003-2018). Flooding frequently occurred in some barangays of Banga, Surallah, Koronadal City
and Tantangan. Further, flooding occurred frequently on the same barangays for 14 years and
impacts to people and properties were aggravated by the changing climate.
Map 2.8.15 Flood Incidence Map of South Cotabato
Source: PPDO, PDRRMO, 2018

A.2 Rain-Induced Landslide
According to historical data, South Cotabato is prone to rain-induced landslides. The

mountainous areas located in the barangays of Lake Sebu, Tboli, Tampakan, Tantangan and
Koronadal City have experienced varied degrees of rain-induced landslides.
Between 2003 and 2017, South Cotabato experienced thirteen (13) rain-induced landslides
(RILs), particularly in Banga, Tboli, Tantangan, Lake Sebu, Surallah, Tupi and Koronadal City. These
caused the death of 11 people, 16 injured and 71 families affected. Many agricultural crops were also
destroyed with an estimated cost of P650,000.00. Most of these are corn and pineapple crops
located in the towns of Surallah and Tboli.
Map 2.8.16 shows that the entire province experienced landslides especially in elevated and
sloping barangays of every municipality except Sto. Niño based on the records of PSWDO and
PDRRMO. Landslides may not occur frequently but it recorded casualties and damage to people
and properties.
Map 2.8.16 Rain-Induced Landslide Incidence Map of South Cotabato
RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE INCIDENCE MAP
A.3 Strong Wind/Buhawi
Strong Wind affected individuals, families and houses partially and totally damaged, other
recorded damage were damages on school buildings and agricultural crops. Financial assistance,
relief goods, repair of roofs, food and materials were among the assistance provided to families and
individuals affected
Map 2.8.17 shows the barangays affected by strong wind. Based on records, strong wind has
damaged houses and other properties, and resulted in loss of lives. Strong Wind is a relatively new
and emerging hazard in the province that must be closely observed and prepared for. It has caused
damaging impacts to some barangays of almost all municipalities in the province.
Map 2.8.17 Strong Wind/Tornado Incidence Map of South Cotabato
B. Geologic Hazard
Figure 2.8.4 shows the earthquake occurrences in South Cotabato and its neighboring areas.
According to the Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System (REDAS) of DOST-PAGASA, an
earthquake occurred on the north western part of the province scaling at a magnitude of 7.5 with a
depth of 66-150km.

Figure2.8.4 Earthquakes That Occurred in South Cotabato and Nearby Areas
Source: Generated from REDAS of DOST-PHIVOLCS, 2011
B.1 Ground Shaking
Several strong earthquakes have already affected the province in the past. The strongest of
which was recorded in April 30, 1949 with a Magnitude 7.4 at a depth of 130 kilometers with epicenter
located at coordinates 6.5015 latitude and 125.0998 longitude, specifically in the Municipality of
Tampakan.
In March 6, 2002, another earthquake was experienced in the province at a magnitude of 6.2
where a total of P6,54,33.50 million pesos worth of property (infrastructure) was damaged and a total
of 1,081 number of families affected. Another earthquake hit the province in September 18 and 19,
2009 registering magnitude 5.3 which was most felt in the municipalities of Norala (5 barangays) and
Sto. Niño (2 barangays) affecting 84 families and injured 2 persons.
Table 2.8.15 Earthquake Occurrence in South Cotabato, 2019

Epicenter Coordinates
Date Magnitude Depth (Kilometers)
Longitude Latitude
October 16, 2019 124.76 6.75 4.0 13
September 9, 2009 124.7288 6.4495 5.3 16
March 6, 2002 6.2
August 16, 2000 124.8788 6.1885 5.1 24
February 4, 1974 125.1008 6.2005 5.3 25
April 30, 1949 125.0998 6.5015 7.4 130
October 4,1935 124.9998 6.0015 6.5 400
January 16, 1934 124.6988 6.0995 6.3 33
Source: DOST-PHIVOLCS REDAS, 2019
B.2 Volcanic Hazard
Historical Occurrences
South Cotabato has two (2) active volcanoes, namely: Mt. Matutum and Mt. Parker. According
to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), Mt. Matutum which last
erupted in 1916, threatens the province with its ashfall, lava flow and other pyroclastic discharge. On
the other hand, Mt. Parker erupted on January 4, 1641 or almost 371 years ago.
Table 2.8.16 Volcanic Eruptions That Occurred in South Cotabato

IMPACT
Location and Areas
Disaster Event No. of Amount of Damage
Affected No. of Fatalities
Injuries/Missing (Crops and Properties)
January 4,
NONE RECORDED
1614
Volcanic Eruption – South Cotabato was NONE
year last NONE RECORDED
Mt. Parker created as a province RECORDED
erupted (400
only in the year 1966.
years ago)
1916 NONE RECORDED
Volcanic Eruption – year last South Cotabato was NONE
NONE RECORDED
Mt. Matutum erupted created as a province RECORDED
(100years ago) only in the year 1966.
Source: PPDO, DOST-PHIVOLCS REDAS, 2019
2.8.6 Summary of Hazards in South Cotabato
The summary of hazards (Table 2.8.19) in South Cotabato show which city and municipalities
have been affected as well as susceptible to various forms of both natural and man-made hazards.
The table shows that Banga, Koronadal City and Polomolok would be affected by all types of hazards
which include the eruption of two active volcanoes which are Mt. Matutum in Polomolok and Mt.
Melibengoy in Tboli. It is important to note that Koronadal City is the administrative seat of Region
XII and Polomolokas the alternate urban centerplays an important role in the development of the
province being home to various multi-nationalcompanies. Thus, appropriate PPAs should be
incorporated in the plan to focus on these areas.
On the other hand, the other remaining municipalities in the province are still susceptible and
vulnerable to other types of hazards. However, the degree of the hazards’ impacts may varyper area
depending on the factors that affect vulnerability. Moreover, lessening the severity of the impacts of
these hazards relies not only on the efforts of the involved agencies (government and non-
government) but more importantly on the cooperation of the people.
In addition, there are also threats from human-induced hazards/man-made disasters affecting
the province. These threats will be aggravated by the effect of climate change in the long run. Thus,
full assessments are needed to fully develop worthwhile projects that would surely address the issues
of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation.

Table 2. 8.17 Summary Checklist of Hazards by City/Municipality Affected or Susceptible
HYDRO-
METEOROLO CLIMATE CHANGE- RELATED
LOCATION HUMAN-INDUCED HAZARDS /MAN-MADE DISASTERS GEOLOGIC HAZARDS
GICAL HAZARDS
HAZARDS
City/ Mun.
EIL
RIL
Flood
Drought
Tornado
Waterways
from Mining
Liquefaction
Infrastructure
Fire Incidence
Temp. Increase
Ground shaking
Rainfall Change
Hazardous Waste
Vehicular Accident
Mt. Parker (Volcanic)
Insurgency/ Banditry/
Social Disorganization
Mt. Matutum (Volcanic)
Bombing Incidence/ IED

Intoxication / Suffocation
Materials from Industries

Unstable &Over-flowing of
Weak / Unstable/ Damaged

Banga ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Koronadal ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
City
Lake Sebu ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Norala ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Polomolok ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Sto. Niño ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Surallah ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Tampakan ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Tantangan ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Tboli ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Tupi ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Source: PPDO
2.8.7 Climate Change Vulnerability: Threats and Potential Impacts
South Cotabato faces the imperative and inevitable challenge of climate change and vulnerability
to its current and projected impacts. In the province, major changes in climate are observed in three
(3) areas: a) temperature increase, b) change in rainfall pattern, and c) extreme weather events.
Projections made in these observed climate changes (Tables2.8.4, 2.8.5, 2.8.6, 2.8.7) for both
the 2020 and 2050 timeframes reveal that South Cotabato is expected to be warmer with temperature
gradually increasing; and drier with rainfall volume gradually dropping. Further, projections for
extreme events show that hot temperatures with maximum exceeding 35°C will become more
frequent. However, the number of dry days with less than 2.5mm of rain is expected to decline in
2020, and then start to pick up again by 2050, but not higher than the observed baseline average.
Notwithstanding the frequency of these extreme dry episodes, overall rainfall volume, however, will
continue to decrease until 2050.
These projections make up the climate change scenariosfor South Cotabato in 2020 and 2050
that are essential in informingsectoral and spatial planning. Hence, taking these projections into
consideration, current and future qualitative impacts of changes in climate are presented in the
succeeding tables, including vulnerability of five (5) critical sectors to climate change impacts of
drought/el niño and floods (Table 2.8.21), and to climate change variables of temperature increase
and rainfall change (Table2.8.22). These five critical sectors in South Cotabato that can be greatly
affected by changes in climate are 1) agriculture, 2) forestry, 3) water resources, 4) health, and 5)
biodiversity.
Meanwhile, the summary of the general possible hazards resulting from the expected major
climate change variablesprovides scenarios for the immediate future before 2020 as well as for the
long-term impacts expected to occur beyond 2020. While the historical trend and the resulting
projections show a gradual decline in rainfall and the likelihood of drought, more intense and extreme
rainfall events are still expected during the next few years that could result to flooding and landslides
if the province’s adaptive capacity is not strengthened.
Just like the rest of the country, South Cotabato will be wetter during the wet seasons, and drier
during the dry seasons.
Table 2.8.18 Summary of Climate Change Variables and Possible Hazards or Impacts, South Cotabato
Possible Hazards or Impacts Possible Hazards or Impacts
Climate Change Variables
(Immediate Future – Before 2020) (Long Term – Beyond 2020)
Drought, Groundwater Depletion, Urban Heat Drought, Groundwater Depletion, Urban Heat
Increasing Temperature
Island Effect, Degraded Air Quality Island Effect, Degraded Air Quality
Flooding, Landslides or Mudslides on Hazard Drought
Decreasing Precipitation or Rainfall
Slopes
Increased Extreme Weather More Intense Flooding, Higher Risk of Landslides More Intense Flooding, Higher Risk of
Episodes: More Warmer Days w/ or Mudslides on Hazard Slopes, Prolonged Landslides or Mudslides on Hazard Slopes,
˃35°C Drought or El Niño Prolonged Drought or El Niño
Source: PPDO based on Climate Change Projections, 2018
Table 2.8.19 Sectoral Vulnerability of South Cotabatoto Climate Change Impacts

Level of vulnerability
Climate Change Impacts
Agriculture Forestry Biodiversity Water Health
Prolonged Drought and El Niño Events Very High Moderate Moderate Low to Moderate Moderate
Low -Ground Water
Floods Very High High Moderate Low to Moderate
Moderate -Surface Water
Source: PPDO-South Cotabato, PAGASA, 2018
Table 2.8.20 Qualitative Impacts of Climate Change Variables on the Critical Sectors, SouthCotabato
CC CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON THE CRITICAL SECTORS
VARIABLE Agriculture Forestry Water Resources Health Biodiversity
• Decrease in • Occurrence of • More frequent and • Increase in • Diminishing
production yield forest fires/ longer duration of incidents of heat biodiversity due to:
(staple crops and wildfires power shortage due strokes from heat - Loss or extinction of
fruit • “Urban migration” to decrease in waves certain species that
crops/HVCCs, of forest animals electricity generation • Increase in cannot survive too
livestock, due to habitat from hydropower morbidity and much heat
aquaculture) due disturbance sources mortality rates for - Spread of invasive
to heat stress • Pest outbreaks • Increase in demand temperature/ heat alien species
combined with • Diminishing of for water related diseases - “Urban migration” of
longer periods of forest species • Decrease in quantity • Spread of new certain forest
dry days • Decrease in of fresh surface diseases from the species
• Outbreaks of forest production waters (rivers and development of
existing & new yield (timber, lakes) new virus/
pests esp. on cash crops, fruit • Decrease in water bacteria due to too
fruit crops and crops) quality much heat
coconuts • Spread of • Groundwater
• Decrease in invasive alien depletion
volume of water species • Scarcity in sources of
supply for • Decrease in potable water
agriculture and income of • Scarcity in potable
Temperature livestock families water supply
Increase • Decrease in dependent on • Low water supply
production yield forest products replenishment, esp.
of livestock due • Diminishing of for spring water
to diseases and forest biodiversity sources
scarcity of water and quality of • Occurrence of more
supply watersheds frequent “Kamagong”
• Occurrence of episodes in Lake
more frequent Sebu, Lake Lahit&
“Kamagong” Lake Seloton
episodes in Lake • Decrease in quantity
Sebu, Lake of water for irrigation
Lahit& Lake
Seloton
• Decrease in
aquaculture
production yield
(esp. in Lake
Sebu)
• Decrease in
income of
farmers
Extremes of Flooding (short-term impact) and Drought (long-term impact):
• Flooding and • Increase in • Flooding along bodies • Increase in mobidity • Diminishing
siltation of farming incidents of of water and and mortality rates biodiversity due to:
areas (esp. for flashfloods and floodplains for temperature/ heat - Deforestation from
rice and corn) landslides in the • Pollution of water related diseases landslides
• Soil erosion and uplands bodies due to flooding • Spread of new - Loss or extinction
degradation of soil • Massive soil • Contamination of water diseases from the of certain species
Rainfall quality for erosion and supply development of new that cannot survive
Change agriculture / Soil siltation of the • Overflowing of virus/ bacteria due - Spread of invasive
infertility lowlands, irrigation canals and to too much rain alien species
• Massive decrease especially dams / Damage to • Spread of vector- - “Urban migration”
in crop production agriculture areas water structures borne and water- of certain forest
yields (crops, • Destruction of the • Siltation and borne diseases species
livestock and watersheds and sedimentation
aquaculture) due decrease in forest • More frequent and
to damage to longer duration of

CC CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON THE CRITICAL SECTORS
VARIABLE Agriculture Forestry Water Resources Health Biodiversity
crops from biodiversity due to power shortage due to
flooding or frequent landslides decrease in electricity
drought, and from • Decrease in forest generation from
poor soil quality production yield hydropower sources
due to erosion & (timber production, • Increase in demand for
siltation mining, agro- water
• Decrease in forestry) • Decrease in water
production and • Massive quality
harvest failures for deforestation due • Groundwater depletion
crops that need to landslides and • Scarcity in sources of
more sunlight frequent flooding of potable water
(mango, corn) urban areas • Scarcity in potable
• Decrease in • Drought can water supply
production for diminish forest • Low water supply
crops that need biodiversity due to replenishment, esp. for
more water in loss of certain spring water sources
times of drought species and “urban • Occurrence of more
• Increase in farm migration” of frequent “Kamagong”
inputs for climate- animals episodes in Lake Sebu,
resilient seeds • Decreasing Lake Lahit& Lake
and technologies, quantity and quality Seloton
and for control of of water in the • Decrease in quantity of
pest outbreaks watersheds or water for irrigation
• Decrease in upstreams due to
income of farmers drought
• Outbreak of pests
Source: PPDO Projections, 2018
2.8.8 Evacuation Centers in South Cotabato
The Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (PDRRMC), through the
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (PDRRMO), has identified evacuation
centers for each of the 199 barangays of the eleven (11) component city and municipalities. Most of
the evacuation centers are schools (elementary/ high school/ college), barangay/municipal
gymnasiums, barangay halls, municipal/ barangay plazas, day care centers and senior citizen
buildings. Other facilities identified as evacuation centers include covered courts, pavements,
churches/chapels/madrasa, multi-purpose buildings, hospitals, health centers, training centers,
cultural centers, productivity centers and satellite markets. In the event of any disaster, these facilities
can be utilized and can accommodate varying number of evacuees/ families.
The identified evacuation centers are shown in Map 2.8.18 with the corresponding number of centers per
barangay.

Map 2.8.18 Evacuation Centers
2.8.9 Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
Scope and Limitations of the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment (CCVA) of South
Cotabato:
1. The results herein were based on currently available data and information sets. However, climate
change risk assessment is rather futuristic. Hence, it would require enormous investments in
Research and Development to generate critical data and information and would heavily rely on
computer-based software model development, remote sensing and GIS mapping technology for
spatial analysis and forecasting. It is anticipated that climate change science in the near future will
be developing an array of more advanced quantitative models for accurate projections of the future
impacts of increasing temperature and anomalies in rainfall patterns. Therefore, setting the
planning stage for vulnerability assessment should not discount the data and information that will
have to be generated in the future no matter how complex, esoteric and expensive they may be.
2. The validity and functionality of the indicators and indices (index method) used in this vulnerability
assessment were tested through consultation with various sectoral agencies and experts.
However, not all the indicators and sub-indicators on climate change impacts or natural hazards
are operable at all scales and levels of planning. The choice of appropriate indicators and sub-
indicators depends on the availability of data at the time of assessment and institutional
arrangements that support local planning systems.

3. Further, the rating/points given to some sub-indicators of the determinants (sensitivity, exposure
and adaptive capacity) of vulnerability may not accurately represent the actual condition on the
ground given the limitations of available data. Thus, conduct of consultations or other forms of
validation process is recommended to ascertain the results of the vulnerability assessment report.
4. Given the limitations on the availability of thematic maps and data / information on the indicators
and sub-indicators to some sectors, the preparation of corresponding vulnerability index maps
were done partially and the vulnerability assessment matrices contained in this report focused on
the following climate change impacts present in the province with affected sectors and its
indicators.
5. The percentage assigned in rating sensitivity is 30%, exposure is 35%, and adaptive capacity
is 35% as part of vulnerability assessment based on the Vulnerability Assessment Tool on
Mainstreaming Guidelines (2012). The assisgnment of percentage per indicator is based on an
expert judgement of each sector in assigning values to evaluate each element. The term “relative
weight” is used in assigning percentage to be used in the process of rating. The climate change
related hazards considered were drought, rainfall change, and temperature increase. Sectors
to be considered to be affected by these climate change related hazards are agriculture,
forestry/biodiversity, water, and health.
A.1 Vulnerability of Agriculture to Drought
Vulnerability Level of Agriculture to Drought
The agriculture sector of the province is rated to have “low (0.40-0.59) and moderate (060.-079)
sensitivity” to drought. The sensitivity of every municipality to drought was assessed based on data
provided by the OPAG in terms of the occurrence of El Niño, rainfall volume, and the presence of
rivers and streams. Among the areas in the province, Lake Sebu is the least sensitive to drought.
Generally, the LGUs have “low” (0.40-0.47) exposure to drought considering the extent of
production areas affected by the last two occurences of drought, low yield losses, and low income
loss from production, except Tantangan with moderate exposure (0.61).
The LGUs in the province have moderate to very high adaptive capacity to drought considering
the percentage of farmland with irrigation facilities, availability of maps for drought prone areas, crop
diversification practices. Among the LGUs, the agriculture sector of Norala, Tboli and Tampakan
posted the highest adaptive capacity to drought while the remaining component LGUs have moderate
adapative capacity.
Considering the level of sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity of all component LGUs to
drought, the provincial assessment of this climate change hazard to agriculture shows “low”
vulnerability as shown in Table 2.8.21.

Table 2.8.21 Vulnerability Level of Agriculture to Drought
TOTAL WEIGHTED RATING (in points)
VULNERABILITY
City/Muncipality RELATIVE WEIGHT (in percentage) DESCRIPTION
INDEX
Sensitivity (30%) Exposure (35%) Adaptive Capacity (35%)
Banga 0.64 0.40 0.40 0.47 Low
Koronadal City 0.64 0.47 0.55 0.55 Low
Lake Sebu 0.52 0.40 0.60 0.51 Low
Norala 0.64 0.40 0.36 0.46 Low
Polomolok 0.64 0.40 0.67 0.57 Low
Santo Niño 0.64 0.40 0.43 0.48 Low
Surallah 0.64 0.40 0.60 0.54 Low
Tboli 0.64 0.40 0.39 0.47 Low
Tampakan 0.64 0.40 0.39 0.47 Low
Tantangan 0.64 0.61 0.40 0.55 Low
Tupi 0.64 0.40 0.53 0.52 Low
Source: OPAG, 2020; PPDO, 2020
Note: Vulnerability Index = (STWRx SRW) + (ETWR x ERW) + (ATWR x ARW)

Sensitivity (S) ; Exposure (E) ; Adaptive Capacity (A)
Total Weighted Rating (TWR)
Relative Weight (RW)
Map 2.8.19 shows the spatial vulnerability level of the province to drought as to crop production.
Agricultural areas are overlaid with the level of vulnerability to give a visual interpretation on the extent
of crop production that might be affected by drought due to climate change. The assessment resulted
in identifying the vulnerability of agricultural areas to drought. This map will serve as a baseline for
the present and future interventions in increasing the provincial adaptability to climate change while
concurrently working on decreasing provincial exposure and sensitivity.
Map 2.8.19 Vulnerability Map of Agriculture to Drought
Source: PPDO, 2020

A.2 Vulnerability of Agriculture to Temperature Increase
Vulnerability Level of Agriculture to Temperature Increase
As an agricultural area, South Cotabato generally has low sensitivity to temperature increase
(0.40-0.59), except Polomolok and Tboli which recorded a moderate level of sensitivity to
temperature increase compared to other areas. The sensitivity of all areas in the province were
assessed based on the available local data in terms of the occurrence of El Niño, monthly average
rainfall volume, and temperature tolerance of rice/crops.
Generally, the agriculture areas of LGUs have low (0.40-0.59) exposure to temperature increase,
except Koronadal City, Lake Sebu, Surallah and Tantangan with moderate exposure as assessed
based on the number of agriculture dependent families affected, extent of production areas affected
by the last 2 occurrences of drought, and income loss from production.
On the other hand, the agriculture sector of the province was rated 0.20 or has “very high
adaptive capacity” in identifying the drought–prone agriculture areas in the province or municipalities
due to the availability of maps. Drought is an impact of temperature increase on the ground; thus, a
map is a spatial tool used to locate the most affected areas within the province for appropriate
government interventions.
Considering the level of sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity of all LGUs to the
temperature increase, the provincial assessment of this climate change hazard to the agriculture
sector shows low vulnerability as presented in Table 2.8.22.
Table 2.8.22 Vulnerability Level of Agriculture to Temperature Increase

Total Weighted Rating (In Points)
Relative Weight (In Percentage) Vulnerability
City/Muncipality Description
Exposure Adaptive Capacity Index
Sensitivity (30%)
(35%) (35%)
Banga 0.32 0.20 0.87 0.47 Low
Lake Sebu 0.44 0.20 0.87 0.51 Low
Norala 0.32 0.20 0.80 0.45 Low
Polomolok 0.44 0.20 0.73 0.46 Low
Santo Niño 0.26 0.20 0.80 0.43 Low
Surallah 0.32 0.20 0.87 0.47 Low
Tboli 0.44 0.20 0.87 0.51 Low
Tampakan 0.26 0.20 0.80 0.43 Low
Tantangan 0.26 0.20 0.87 0.45 Low
Tupi 0.44 0.20 0.80 0.48 Low
Map 2.8.20 shows the spatial vulnerability level of the agriculture sector of the province to
temperature increase. Agricultural areas are overlaid with the level of vulnerability to give visual
interpretation as to the extent of crop production that might be affected by temperature increase
associated with climate change. The assessment resulted in identifying the agricultural areas in the
province with “low vulnerablility” to temperature increase. This map will serve as a baseline for the
present and future interventions in increasing the provincial adaptability to climate change while
concurrently working on decreasing provincial exposure and sensitivity.

Map 2.8.20 Vulnerability Map of Agriculture to Temperature Increase
Source: PPDO, 2020
A.3 Vulnerability of Agriculture to Rainfall Change
Vulnerability Level of Agriculture to Rainfall Change
The crop production areas of the province have a rating of “low” (0.40-0.59) to “moderate” (0.60-
0.79) sensitivity to rainfall change. The sensitivity levels per component LGU vary after considering
the various indicators. Among the component LGUs, the production areas in Polomolok, Tboli and
Tampakan are moderately sensitive to rainfall change as assessed considering the three indicators
identified such as the sloping topography where some of the crops are situated, declining percentage
of forest cover in the area, as well as observed changes in rainfall in these areas. The remaining
city/municipalities have low sensitivity.
Generally, the agriculture areas of all LGUs in the province have above moderate exposure level
in terms of the changing rainfall patterns. Banga and Koronadal City have very high exposure while
Tampakan have moderate exposure to rainfall change. Crop lands of other LGUs still have high
exposure after considering the indicators such as the extent of flooded production areas or the
percentage of production areas affected, frequency of flooding occurrences in 3 years and the
number of agriculture-dependent families affected.
On the other hand, the agriculture sector of the province has a rating of 0.60-0.79 or “moderate”
adaptive capacity level reflective of the functionality of flood control/drainage facilities, use of flood-
resistant crop varieties by farmers, and the use of cropping calendar and other relevant information.

Considering the level of sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity of all LGUs to the changing
rainfall patterns, the provincial assessment of this climate change hazard to the agriculture sector
shows moderate vulnerability as shown in Table 2.8.23.
Table 2.8.23 Vulnerability Level of Agriculture to Rainfall Change

Vulnerability
City/Muncipality Relative Weight (In Percentage) Description
Index
Banga 0.67 0.93 0.67 0.76 Moderate
Koronadal City 0.54 0.87 0.73 0.72 Moderate
Lake Sebu 0.72 0.73 0.60 0.68 Moderate
Norala 0.67 0.79 0.73 0.73 Moderate
Polomolok 0.61 0.66 0.73 0.67 Moderate
Santo Niño 0.60 0.66 0.73 0.67 Moderate
Surallah 0.60 0.66 0.73 0.67 Moderate
Tboli 0.79 0.79 0.67 0.75 Moderate
Tampakan 0.67 0.53 0.74 0.65 Moderate
Tantangan 0.60 0.74 0.67 0.67 Moderate
Tupi 0.67 0.67 Moderate
Map 2.8.21 illustrates the spatial vulnerability level of the agriculture sector of the province to
rainfall change. Agricultural areas are overlaid with the level of vulnerability to give a visual
interpretation of the extent of crop production that might be affected by rainfall change associated
with climate change. The assessment resulted in identifying the agricultural areas in the province to
be “moderately vulnerable” to rainfall change. This map will serve as a baseline for the present and
future interventions in increasing the provincial adaptability to climate change while continuously
working on decreasing provincial exposure and sensitivity.
Map 2.8.21 Vulnerability Map of Agriculture to Rainfall Change
Source: PPDO, 2020

B.1 Vulnerability of Forestry/Biodiversity to Drought
Vulnerability Level of Forestry/Biodiversity to Drought
The forestry/biodiversity sector of the province has a rating of 1.00 (very high), 0.80 (high), 0.60
(moderate) and 0.20 (very low) sensitivity to drought depending on the presence of forest cover in
different areas. Among the LGUs, the forestry/biodiversity sector of Surallah (with 21-40% forest
cover) and Sto. Niño (with no or less than 20% forest cover) have “high to very high” sensitivity to
drought. Majority of the LGUs, except Tantangan, and Norala (41-60% forest cover) have “very low”
sensitivivty to drought since these areas still have more than 80% forest that help protect the natural
environment/biodiversity including crops, people, resources and other assets/properties from the
direct impacts of drought.
Using the three exposure indicators, the results show that the forest/biodiversity sector of the
province has very low, moderate, high and very high exposure to drought considering the extent of
affected upland farms with more than 60% of number of farm families affected as well as more than
60% of the biodiversity areas affected by the El Niño phenomenon. All LGUs have above moderate
exposure, except for Sto. Niño with notably very low exposure to drought.
All LGUs still have a lot to improve in terms of climate change adaptation programs having a
“low” to “moderate” adaptive capacityto drought considering the indicators used such as reforestation
and buffer zone management programs of the forestry/biodiversity sector, establishment of small
scale irrigation programs, and water conservation practices conducted in the province.
Considering the level of sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity of all LGUs to drought, the
provincial assessment of this climate change hazard to forestry/biodiversity sector shows low to
moderate vulnerability as shown in Table 2.8.24.
Table 2.8.24 Vulnerability Level of Forestry/Biodiversity to Drought

City/ Vulnerability
Relative Weight (In Percentage) Description
Muncipality Index
Banga 0.48 1.00 0.72 0.75 Moderate
Lake Sebu 0.36 0.60 0.72 0.57 Low
Santo Nino 0.60 0.20 0.93 0.58 Low
Tboli 0.36 0.76 0.72 0.63 Moderate
Tampakan 0.36 0.80 0.72 0.64 Moderate
Tantangan 0.48 1.00 0.72 0.75 Moderate
Tupi 0.36 0.80 0.72 0.64 Moderate
Map 2.8.22 shows the spatial vulnerability level of the forestry/biodiversity of the province to
drought. Forestry/biodiversity areas are overlaid with the level of vulnerability to give a visual
interpretation on the extent of impact of drought to the existing forests and biodiversity areas that
flourish in the province. The assessment resulted in the identification of forestry/ biodiversity areas
of the all LGUs which are “moderately vulnerable” to drought, except Lake Sebu and Sto. Niño. This

map will serve as a baseline for the present and future interventions in increasing the provincial
adaptability to climate change while continuously working on decreasing provincial exposure and
sensitivity.
Map 2.8.22 Vulnerability Map of Forest/Biodiversity to Drought
Source: PPDO, 2020
B.2 Vulnerability of Forestry/Biodiversity to Temperature Increase
The forestry/biodiversity sector of the province has low to very high sensitivity to temperature
increase due to the occurrence of El Niño phenomenon that affected the flora and fauna in the
province, the declining forest cover, and the utilization of forest land as agro-forestry, upland
agriculture and the fast conversion of lands to settlement areas. The forestry/biodiversity sector
serves as buffer against intense heat and hence, will be initially affected. In the absence of forest or
rich biodiversity in each of the municipality/city, the flora of the lands will directly be affected by
temperature increase.
The application of the three exposure indicators shows that the forestry/biodiversity sector of the
province has very low, low, moderate and high exposure to temperature increase considering the
extent of upland farms affected by the El Niño phenomenon, strict protection zone affected by rainfall
volume, and the percentage of plants and animals at risk of extinction. Most of the LGUs have
moderate to high exposure level to temperature increase, except for Norala, Surallah and Sto. Niño
with low to very low exposure level. Still the increasing temperature may cause drought in the long
run that can affect the ecological balance of both flora and fauna in the province.

All LGUs still have a lot to improve in terms of their climate change adaptation programs
considering the “low” to “moderate” adaptive capacity to the impacts of temperature increase in terms
of programs on species and habitat protection, R&D on species adaptability to heat, and the cloning
and seed dispersal programs under the Office of the Provincial Agriculturist and Provincial
Environment Management Office. The impacts of temperature increase must not be undermined;
thus, climate change sustainability and resiliency programs must be implemented sustainably in the
province.
Considering the level of sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity of all LGUs to temperature
increase, the provincial assessment of this climate change hazard to forestry/biodiversity sector
shows moderate to high vulnerability as presented Table 2.8.25.
Table 2.8.25 Vulnerability Level of Forestry/Biodiversity to Temperature Increase

City/ Vulnerability
Muncipality Index
Banga 0.76 0.68 0.88 0.77 Moderate
Lake Sebu 0.52 0.86 0.88 0.75 Moderate
Santo Nino 1.00 0.20 0.88 0.68 Moderate
Tboli 0.52 0.78 0.88 0.72 Moderate
Tampakan 0.76 0.86 0.76 0.80 High
Tantangan 0.88 0.68 0.88 0.81 High
Tupi 0.76 0.86 0.76 0.80 High
Map 2.8.23 shows the spatial vulnerability level of the forestry/biodiversity sector of the province
to temperature increase. Forest areas are overlaid with the level of vulnerability to give a visual
interpretation on the extent of upland areas or protected areas that might be affected by temperature
increase associated with climate change. The assessment resulted in the identification of
forestry/biodiversity sector in the province with “moderate to high” vulnerability to temperature
increase. This map will serve as a baseline for the present and future interventions in increasing the
provincial adaptability to climate change while concurrently working on decreasing provincial
exposure and sensitivity.

Map 2.8.23 Vulnerability Map of Forestry/Biodiversity to Temperature Increase
Source: PPDO, 2020
B.3 Vulnerability of Forestry/Biodiversity to Rainfall Change
Vulnerability Level of Forestry/Biodiversity to Rainfall Change
The forestry/biodiversity sector in the province has “very low to low” sensitivity to rainfall change
considering the varying percentage of forest cover per area, sloping topography, and the annual
rainfall volume. High elevated areas with declining forest cover can contribute to flashfloods and
floods from the mid-stream to low-stream areas with no rich biodiversity serving as buffer from heavy
rainfall, and including areas with poor waterways/drainage/irrigation facilities.
Applying the three climate change exposure indicators, the results show that the forestry/
biodiversity sector of the province has “very low” to “high” exposure to rainfall change considering
the extent and number of settlements and population in flood plains at risk, extent of agricultural
areas at risk, extent of flood prone areas in lowland areas. Among the LGUs in the province,
Koronadal City is the most exposed to the changing rainfall patterns and extremes since most of its
settlement, population, and agricultural areas are situated in low-lying areas or flood plains. The
topography of the province is sloping and elevated, thus, the impact of heavy rainfall in the upstream
can greatly affect those areas in the midstream and downstream, which usually serve as catchment
basin.
The province has “moderate” to “high” adaptive capacity to the impacts of rainfall change on
forestry/biodiversity sector considering the availability of maps of flood-prone areas, reforestation

efforts, warning system and evacuation routes. The forestry/biodiversity sector of all LGUs have high
adaptive capacity, except for the municipalities of Norala, Sto. Niño, Surallah, Tboli and Tantangan.
Considerirng the level of sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity of all LGUs to rainfall
change or the changing rainfall patterns/variability and extremes, the provincial assessment of this
climate change hazard to forestry/biodiversity sector shows very low to moderate vulnerability as
presented in Table 2.8.26.
Table 2.8.26 Vulnerability Level of Forestry/ Biodiversity to Rainfall Change

City/ Vulnerability
Muncipality Index
Banga 0.44 0.76 0.54 0.58 Low
Lake Sebu 0.44 0.32 0.46 0.40 Low
Norala 0.34 0.64 0.68 0.55 Low
Polomolok 0.44 0.56 0.46 0.49 Low
Santo Niño 0.48 0.70 0.74 0.64 Moderate
Tboli 0.44 0.32 0.62 0.45 Low
Tampakan 0.38 0.36 0.40 0.38 Very Low
Tantangan 0.34 0.54 0.68 0.51 Low
Tupi 0.44 0.44 0.48 0.45 Low
Map 2.8.24 Vulnerability Map of Forestry/Biodiversity to Rainfall Change
Source: PPDO, 2020

C.1 Vulnerability of Water to Drought
The water sector of the province shows the provincial sensitivity level of water sector to the
impacts of drought. Using the three climate change indicators, the results reveal that the water sector
of the province has “very low” to “moderate” sensitivity to drought considering the rainfall volume,
proportion of rice and crop areas dependent on irrigation and groundwater supply and the percentage
of population serviced by level 3 water supply. LGUs with water sector that are moderately sensitive
include Koronadal City, Norala, Polomolok, and Sto. Niño, while other areas have low sensitivity to
drought, except Lake Sebu with very low.
After applying the three climate change indicators used, the results show that the water sector
of the province has “very low” to “moderate” exposure to drought considering the change in water
demand, decrease in electricity generation during summer and the quantity of water available for
poor population. Generally, Banga, Koronadal City, and Lake Sebu are among the LGUs with
moderate exposure to drought while the rest have low to very low exposure to the said climate change
hazard.
The water sector of the province has “moderate” to “very high” adaptive capacity to the impacts
of drought. All LGUs show a positive image in terms of adaptive capacity of their water sector in
relation to the indicators used such as the critical watershed protection program, ecological waste
management and pollution control programs, and effective irrigation system with Banga, Norala, and
Sto. Niño having the highest capacity level.
provincial assessment of this climate change hazard to the water sector shows generally low adaptive
capacity, except for Tupi with moderate adaptive capacity, as refelected in Table 2.8.27.
Table 2.8.27 Vulnerability Level of Water Sector to Drought

City/ Vulnerability
Muncipality Index
Banga 0.58 0.61 0.39 0.52 Low
Lake Sebu 0.28 0.68 0.73 0.58 Low
Norala 0.70 0.54 0.39 0.54 Low
Polomolok 0.62 0.47 0.67 0.59 Low
Sto. Niño 0.74 0.54 0.39 0.55 Low
Surallah 0.56 0.47 0.59 0.54 Low
Tboli 0.50 0.47 0.73 0.57 Low
Tampakan 0.48 0.33 0.67 0.49 Low
Tantangan 0.50 0.33 0.60 0.48 Low
Tupi 0.52 0.54 0.73 0.60 Moderate
Source: PPDO, 2018
Map 2.8.25 depicts the spatial vulnerability level of the water sector of the province to drought.
The water sources such as rivers, creeks, and lakes are overlaid with the level of vulnerability to give
a visual interpretation on the extent of impact of drought to the sector. The assessment resulted in
the identification of the level of vulnerability of all areas, specifically the water sector, to the impacts
of drought. All LGUs have low vulnerability, except Tupi with moderate vulnerability. This map will

serve as a baseline for the present and future interventions in increasing the provincial adaptability
to climate change while in concurrently working on decreasing provincial exposure and sensitivity.
Map 2.8.25 Vulnerability Map of Water to Drought
Source: PPDO, 2020
C.2 Vulnerability of Water to Rainfall Change
The water sector of the province contains the provincial sensitivity level of the water sector to
rainfall change. Applying the three climate change indicators would show that the water sector of the
province has “very low” to “high” sensitivity to rainfall change considering the rainfall volume
experienced by every municipality, condition of water supply facilities such as water districts and
irrigation systems, and the water quality of rivers and lakes based on Class C and Class D standards.
Among the LGUs, the water sector of Tboli has the highest sensitivity to rainfall change, followed by
Banga, Koronadal City, and Lake Sebu with moderate sensitivity. The rest of the remaining LGUs
have low to very low sensitivity to rainfall change.
Using the three climate change indicators would show that the water sector of the province has
very low exposure level to rainfall change considering the percentage of household without access
to clean/potable water, availability of alternative water source, and increase in operating costs of
water districts due to power interruptions.
The water sector of the province has “moderate” adaptive capacity to the impacts of rainfall
change considering the indicators used such as the availability of the alternative water sources (e.g.

rain water harvesting), availability of typhoon forecasting or rain gauge systems, and policies or
projects to climate proof water supply systems in every municipality.
provincial assessment of this climate change hazard, the water sector shows generally low
vulnerability level, except Tboli with moderate vulnerability, as presented in Table 2.8.28
Table 2.8.28 Vulnerability Level of Water Sector to Rainfall Change

City/ Vulnerability
Muncipality Index
Banga 0.66 0.39 0.62 0.55 Low
Lake Sebu 0.64 0.39 0.62 0.55 Low
Norala 0.32 0.39 0.62 0.45 Low
Polomolok 0.20 0.39 0.62 0.41 Low
Sto. Niño 0.32 0.39 0.62 0.45 Low
Surallah 0.20 0.39 0.62 0.41 Low
Tboli 0.84 0.39 0.62 0.61 Moderate
Tampakan 0.44 0.39 0.62 0.49 Low
Tantangan 0.44 0.39 0.62 0.49 Low
Tupi 0.32 0.39 0.62 0.45 Low
Source: PEO, 2018; PPDO, 2018
Map 2.8.26 Vulnerability Map of Water to Rainfall Change
Source: PPDO, 2020

Map 2.8.26 shows the spatial vulnerability level of the water sector of the province to rainfall
change. The water sources such as rivers, creeks, lakes, and other intermittent waterways are
overlaid with the level of vulnerability to give a visual interpretation on the extent of impact of rainfall
change to the sector. In general, all component LGUs of South Cotabato have low vulnerability to
rainfall change, except Tboli. The adverse impact of climate change will surely hit the most affected
LGU in the province. This map will serve as a baseline for the present and future interventions in
increasing the provincial adaptability to climate change while concurrently working on decreasing
provincial exposure and sensitivity.
C.3 Vulnerability of Water to Temperature Increase
The water sector of the province shows the provincial sensitivity level of water sector to
temperature increase. Using the three climate change indicators, the results reveal that the water
sector in the province was rated “very low” to “moderate” sensitivity to temperature increase
considering the surface water sources, predominant land use in the watershed and the proportion of
agricultural lands dependent on irrigation and groundwater supply. LGUs where water sector have
moderate sensitivity to temperature increase include Norala and Sto. Niño, while the rest have very
low to low sensitivity.
An application of the three climate change indicators would show that the water sector of the
province has “very low” to “moderate” exposure to temperature increase considering the quality of
water available for poor population, change in water demand, and the duration of water supply.
Among the LGUs, the water sector in Banga and Koronadal City have the highest total weighted
rating with moderate exposure to temperature increase. The rest of the LGUs have very low to low
exposure to the said climate change hazard.
The water sector of the province has low, moderate and high adaptive capacity to the impacts of
temperature increase. Except for Tampakan (moderate), Tboli and Tantangan (low), the water sector
of majority of the LGUs show a good performance having high adaptive acapacity considering the
indicators on water desalization requirements for industries, reforestation programs, and regulation
of water extraction to the impacts of the said climate change hazard.
Considering the level of sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity of all LGUs to temperature
increase, the provincial assessment of this climate change hazard shows that the water sector has
generally low vulnerability level as presented in Table 2.8.29.
Table 2.8.29 Vulnerability Level of Water Sector to Temperature Increase

City/ Relative Weight (In Percentage) Vulnerability
Description
Muncipality Index
Banga 0.48 0.61 0.47 0.52 Low
Lake Sebu 0.20 0.53 0.82 0.53 Low
Norala 0.69 0.26 0.47 0.46 Low
Polomolok 0.48 0.47 0.40 0.45 Low
Sto. Niño 0.76 0.26 0.47 0.48 Low
Surallah 0.48 0.47 0.47 0.47 Low
Tboli 0.20 0.39 0.82 0.48 Low


Description
Muncipality Index
Tampakan 0.34 0.33 0.75 0.48 Low
Tantangan 0.48 0.33 0.81 0.54 Low
Tupi 0.41 0.47 0.47 0.45 Low
Source: PPDO, 2018
Map 2.8.27 shows the spatial vulnerability level of the water sector of the province to temperature
increase. The water sources such as rivers, lakes, creeks, streams and other intermittent water ways
are overlaid with the level of vulnerability to give a visual representation on the extent of impact of
temperature increase to the sector. The assessment of the water sector resulted in having low
vulnerability to temperature increase. This map will serve as a baseline for the present and future
interventions in increasing the provincial adaptability to climate change while concurrently working
on decreasing provincial exposure and sensitivity.
Map 2.8.27 Vulnerability Map of Water to Temperature Increase
Source: PPDO, 2020
D.1 Vulnerability Level of Health Sector to Climate Change Associated Disease (Dengue)
The health sector of the province shows the provincial sensitivity level to the impacts of climate
change associated diseases, particularly dengue. The province was rated to have “moderate to high
sensitivity” of health sector to climate change associated diseases considering rainfall, distance of
dwelling units to stagnant water bodies, and the waste management practices such as waste
segregation or barangays with Material Recovery Facility (MRF) in every municipality. The indicators
used determined the level of sensitivity of each municipality to climate change associated diseases -

the chance of dengue outbreak caused by the changing climate, which makes the reproduction of
disease carriers such as mosquitoes and rodents conducive, as well as due to an unhealthy
environment. The municipalities of Lake Sebu, Surallah, Tboli, Tampakan, and Tupi were rated to
have high sensitivity to dengue. All the rest have moderate sensitivity.
After applying the three climate change indicators for dengue disease, the results show that the
water sector of the province has very low exposure to climate change considering mortality rate,
morbidity, and the proportion of pre-school (3-5 years old) to total population – 0-14 years old (young
population). Dengue usually arise with unclean surroundings with stagnant water bodies that attract
reproduction of water-borne and vector-borne disease carriers such as mosquitoes, rodents, and
others bringing more threat to people’s health aggravated by poverty incidence adding to a higher
mortality and morbidity rate especially to the young population.
Using the three climate change indicators for health, the results show that the health sector of
the province has “moderate to very high adaptive capacity” to dengue considering access to health
facilities and services, IEC campaign on dengue prevention, and disease surveillance and monitoring
system. Majority of the LGUs have very high adaptive capacity. Unclean surroundings attract
reproduction of water-borne and vector-borne disease bringing more threat to people’s health
aggravated by high poverty incidence.
Considering the level of sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity of all LGUs to dengue, the
provincial assessment of this climate change hazard to the health sector shows generally a very low
vulnerability as reflected in Table 2.8.30.
Table 2.8.30 Vulnerability Level of Health Sector to Climate Change Associated Disease (Dengue)
City/ Vulnerability
Muncipality Index
Banga 0.67 0.20 0.20 0.34 Very Low
Koronadal City 0.74 0.20 0.20 0.36 Very Low
Lake Sebu 0.80 0.20 0.20 0.38 Very Low
Norala 0.74 0.20 0.20 0.36 Very Low
Polomolok 0.67 0.20 0.20 0.34 Very Low
Santo Niño 0.61 0.20 0.20 0.32 Very Low
Surallah 0.80 0.20 0.20 0.38 Very Low
Tboli 0.80 0.20 0.20 0.38 Very Low
Tantangan 0.61 0.20 0.20 0.32 Very Low
Tupi 0.80 0.20 0.20 0.38 Very Low
Source: IPHO, 2018
Map 2.8.28 depicts the spatial vulnerability level of the health sector of the province to a climate
change associated disease - dengue. The assessment includes data on rainfall volume, history of
disease outbreak/cases for the past 5 years, age structure, mortality rate, morbidity rate, morbidity
rate, access to health services and facilities (diagnostic and treatment clinics, hospitals and
drugstores), IEC campaign on dengue prevention and disease surveillance and monitoring system.
All LGUs have “very low” vulnerability to dengue. This map will serve as a baseline for the present
and future interventions in increasing the provincial adaptability to climate change while in
continuously working on decreasing provincial exposure and sensitivity.

Map 2.8.28 Vulnerability Map of Health Sector to Climate Change Associated Disease (Dengue)
Source: PPDO, 2020
D.2 Vulnerability Level of Health Sector to Climate Change Associated Disease (Filariasis)
change associated diseases, particularly filariasis. The province was rated to have “very low to low”
sensitivity to climate change associated diseases considering indicators such as rainfall volume,
temperature increase, and endemicity. The three indicators were used to determine the level of
sensitivity of each municipality to climate change associated disease. The chance of filariasis
outbreak in the province is very low. All LGUs have very low to low sensitivity level to filariasis.
After applying the three climate chage indicators for filariasis disease, result shows that the
health sector of the province has “very low” exposure level to climate change associated diseases
considering filariasis’ morbidity rate, malaria mortality rate, and the extent of filariasis infested area.
Although the province is not yet filariasis-free, all component LGUs have very low exposure to the
said disease. Unclean surroundings with high poverty build unhealthy environment which attracts
others bringing more threat to people’s health thereby putting the health sector at risk.
The health sector shows the provincial adaptive capacity level of the province to the impacts of
climate change associated diseases, particularly malaria. The health sector of the province has a
rating of 0.20 or “very high” adaptive capacity to climate change associated diseases affected by
indicators such as malaria control program, disease surveillance and monitoring system, and
presence of functional referral system.

Table 2.8.31 Vulnerability Level of Health Sector to Climate Change Associated Disease (Filariasis)
City/ Vulnerability
Muncipality Index
Banga 0.38 0.20 0.20 0.25 Very Low
Norala 0.38 0.20 0.20 0.25 Very Low
Tboli 0.44 0.20 0.20 0.27 Very Low
Tupi 0.44 0.20 0.20 0.27 Very Low
Source: IPHO, 2018
Map 2.8.29 Vulnerability Map of Health Sector to Increased Incidence of Vector & Water Borne Diseases Associated with
Climate Change (Filariasis)
Source: PPDO, 2020
Map 2.8.29 shows the spatial vulnerability level of the health sector of the province to climate
change associated diseases, particularly filariasis. The assessment includes data on rainfall volume,
temperature increase, and endemicity, malaria morbidity rate, mortality rate, and the extent of
filariasis infested area, malaria control program, disease surveillance and monitoring system, and
presence of functional referral system. All LGUs have very low vulnerability level to filariasis. This
map will serve as a baseline for the present and future interventions in increasing the provincial
adaptability to climate change while continuously working on decreasing provincial exposure and
sensitivity.
D.3 Vulnerability Level of Health Sector to Climate Change Associated Disease

(Leptospirosis)
change associated disease, particularly leptospirosis. The health sector province was rated
“moderate to high sensitivity” to leptospirosis considering the indicators such frequency or return
period of street flooding, waste disposal practices and incidence of leptospirosis. The indicators used
determine the level of sensitivity of each municipality to climate change associated diseases. The
chance of leptospirosis outbreak brought by the changing climate conducive for reproduction of
disease carriers such as mosquitoes and rodents and by an unhealthy environment is high especially
in areas without material recovery facilities and/or sanitary landfill. All LGUs have low sensitivity,
except Koronadal City, which moderately sensitive.
Afer applying the three climate change indicators for leptospirosis disease, results show that the
health sector of the province has “very low” exposure to the said disease with indicators used such
as the mortality rate, morbidity rate, and poverty incidence. Unclean surroundings and poverty can
aggravate the impact of diseases to individual’s health. All LGUs have very low exposure level to
the said diseases.
The provincial adaptive capacity level of the health sector of the province to the impacts of
climate change associated disease such as leptospirosis shows “very high” adaptive capacity to the
said disease considering the indicators such as IEC campaign on disease prevention and control,
disease surveillance and monitoring system, and access to health services and facilities. All of the
LGUs have very high adaptive capacity to leptospirosis.
provincial assessment of this climate change hazard to the health sector shows a very low
Table 2.8.32 Vulnerability Level of Health Sector to Climate Change Associated Disease (Leptospirosis)
Total Weighted Rating (In Points) Vulnerability
Description
City/ Muncipality Relative Weight (In Percentage) Index
Banga 0.40 0.28 0.20 0.29 Very Low
Norala 0.40 0.28 0.20 0.29 Very Low
Santo Nino 0.40 0.26 0.20 0.28 Very Low
Tboli 0.40 0.28 0.20 0.29 Very Low
Tupi 0.40 0.28 0.20 0.29 Very Low
Source: PPDO, 2018

change associated diseases, particularly leptospirosis. The assessment includes data on frequency
or return period of street flooding, waste disposal practices, incidence of leptospirosis, mortality rate,
morbidity rate, poverty incidence, IEC campaign on disease prevention and control, disease
surveillance and monitoring system, and access to health services and facilities. This map will serve
as a baseline for the present and future interventions in increasing the provincial adaptability to
climate change while continuously working on decreasing provincial exposure and sensitivity.
Climate Change (Leptospirosis)
Source: PPDO, 2020
D.4 Vulnerability Level of Health Sector to Climate Change Associated Disease (Malaria)
change associated diseases, particularly malaria. The province was rated to have “very low to low”
sensitivity to climate change associated diseases considering indicators such as rainfall volume,
temperature increase, and endemicity. The three indicators were used to determine the level of
sensitivity of each municipality to climate change associated diseases. The chance of malaria
outbreak in the province is very low. All LGUs have very low to low sensitivity to malaria.
After applying the three climate chage indicators for malaria disease, results show that the
provincial exposure level of the health sector of the province to the impacts of climate change
associated diseases such as malaria is “very low” considering malaria morbidity rate, mortality rate,
and the extent of malaria infested area. With the declaration of the DOH since 2017 that Cotabato
is malaria-free province, all component LGUs have very low exposure to the said disease. Unclean
surroundings with high poverty build unhealthy environment which attracts reproduction of water-
borne and vector-borne disease carriers such as mosquitoes, rodents, and others bringing more
threat to people’s health thereby putting the health sector at risk.
The health sector of the province has a rating of 0.20 or “very high” adaptive capacity to climate
change associated diseases affected by indicators such as malaria control program, disease
surveillance and monitoring system, and presence of functional referral system. Unclean
surroundings attract reproduction of water-borne and vector-borne disease carriers such as
mosquitoes, rodents, and other pests putting people’s health at greater risk.
vulnerability as reflected in Table 2.8.33
Table 2.8.33 Vulnerability Level of Health Sector to Climate Change Associated Disease (Malaria)
Vulnerability
Index
Banga 0.38 0.20 0.20 0.25 Very Low
Norala 0.38 0.20 0.20 0.25 Very Low
Tboli 0.44 0.20 0.20 0.27 Very Low
Tupi 0.44 0.20 0.20 0.27 Very Low
Source: IPHO, 2018
Climate Change (Malaria)
Source: PPDO, 2020

Map 2.8.31 shows the spatial vulnerability level of the health sector of the province to increased
incidence of vector and water borne diseases associated with climate change. Health hazard
(asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia and other allergies) data are overlaid with the level of vulnerability to
give a visual interpretation on the extent of health hazard (asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia and other
allergies) that might be affected by climate change. The assessment resulted in identifying the health
sector in the province with “very low” to “very high” vulnerability to climate change. This map will
serve as a baseline for the present and future interventions in increasing the provincial adaptability
to climate change while continuously working on decreasing provincial exposure and sensitivity.
D.5 Vulnerability Level of Health Sector to Climate Change Associated Disease (Typhoid)
change associated disease such as typhoid. The health sector of the province has “very low”
sensitivity to typhoid considering indicators such as history of disease outbreaks in the past 5 years,
households covered with levels 2 or 3 water supply, and household with sanitation toilets. The
indicators used determine the level of sensitivity of each municipality to climate change associated
disease. The chance of typhoid outbreak brought by the changing climate is high with the existing
unhealthy environment.
After applying the three climate change indicators for typhoid disease, the results show that the
health sector of the province has very low exposure to the impacts of climate change associated
diseases, particularly typhoid. The health sector of the province has a rating of 0.20 or with “very low”
exposure to typhoid considering the mortality, morbidity, and households without access to sanitation
toilets. Considering the percentage of households with access to sanitary toilets, all LGUs posted a
very low exposure score. Unclean surroundings bring more threat to people’s health thereby putting
the health sector at risk.
Using the three indicators climate change indicators for health, the results show that the health
sector of the province has “very high” adaptive capacity to typhoid with indicators such as families or
households with access to quality health/medical services and facilities, and drug stores, IEC
campaign on sanitary practices for food preparation and hygiene, and the presence of existing and
functional disease surveillance and monitoring systems. Unclean surroundings attract reproduction
of water-borne and vector-borne disease carriers such as mosquitoes, rodents, and other pests
putting people’s health at greater risk. All LGUs have very high adaptive capacity.
Considerig the level of sensitivifty, exposure, and adaptive capacity of all LGUs to typhoid, the
Table 2.8.34 Vulnerability Level of Health Sector to Climate Change Associated Disease (Typhoid)
Description
Muncipality Index
Banga 0.32 0.20 0.20 0.24 Very Low
Norala 0.32 0.20 0.20 0.24 Very Low
Tboli 0.32 0.20 0.20 0.24 Very Low


Description
Muncipality Index
Tupi 0.32 0.20 0.20 0.24 Very Low
Source: PPDO, 2018
change associated disease such as typhoid. The assessment includes data on history of disease
outbreaks in the past 5 years, households covered with levels 2 or 3 water supply, and household
with sanitation toilets, mortality, morbidity, and households without access to sanitation toilets,
families or households with access to quality health/ medical services and facilities, and drug stores,
IEC campaign on sanitary practices for food preparation and hygiene, and the presence of existing
and functional disease surveillance and monitoring systems. All LGUs have very low vulverability to
typhoid. This map will serve as a baseline for the present and future interventions in increasing the
provincial adaptability to climate change while continuously working on decreasing provincial
exposure and sensitivity.
Map 2.8.32 Vulnerability Map of Health Sectort to Increased Incidence of Vector & Water Borne Diseases Associated with
Climate Change (Typhoid)
Source: PPDO, 2020

D.6 Vulnerability Level of Health Sector to Climate Change Associated Disease (Zika)
change associated diseases, particularly zika. The province was rated to have “low to moderate”
sensitivity of health sector to climate change associated diseases considering rainfall, history of
disease outbreak in the past 5 years, age structure. The indicators used determined the level of
sensitivity of each municipality to climate change associated diseases - the chance of zika outbreak
brought by the changing climate conducive for reproduction of disease carriers such as mosquitoes
and rodents, as well as by an unhealthy environment. Except for Sto. Niño and Tantangan (low), all
other LGUs have moderate sensitivity to zika.
After applying the three climate change indicators for zika disease, the results show that the
health sector of the province has very low exposure to climate change considering mortality rate,
morbidity, and the proportion of pre-school (3-5 years old) to total population – 0-14 years old (young
population). Zika occur usually in unclean surroundings with stagnant water bodies that attract
others bringing more threat to people’s health aggravated by poverty incidence adding to a higher
mortality and morbidity rate especially to the young population.
The health sector of the province shows the provincial adaptive capacity level to the impacts of
climate change associated diseases, particularly zika. Using the three climate change indicators for
health, the results show that the health sector of the province has “very high adaptive capacity” to
zika considering access to health facilities and services, IEC campaign on dengue prevention, and
disease surveillance and monitoring system. Unclean surroundings attract reproduction of water-
borne and vector-borne disease carriers such as mosquitoes, rodents, and others bringing more
threat to people’s health aggravated by high poverty incidence.
Considering the level of sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity of all LGUs to zika, the
provincial assessment of this climate change hazard to the health sector shows generally a “very
low” vulnerability as reflected in Table 2.8.35.
Table 2.8.35 Vulnerability Level of Health Sector to Climate Change Associated Disease (Zika)
Vulnerability
Index
Banga 0.60 0.20 0.20 0.32 Very Low
Norala 0.60 0.20 0.20 0.32 Very Low
Santo Nino 0.54 0.20 0.20 0.30 Very Low
Tboli 0.66 0.20 0.20 0.34 Very Low
Tupi 0.66 0.20 0.20 0.34 Very Low
Source: IPHO, 2018
Map 2.8.33 depicts the spatial vulnerability level of the health sector of the province to climate
change associated disease - zika. The assessment includes data on rainfall volume, history of

disease outbreak/cases for the past 5 years, age structure, mortality rate, morbidity rate, morbidity
rate, access to health services and facilities (diagnostic and treatment clinics, hospitals and
drugstores), IEC campaign on disease prevention, and disease surveillance and monitoring system.
All LGUs have very low vulnerability to zika. This map will serve as a baseline for the present and
future interventions in increasing the provincial adaptability to climate change while continuously
working on decreasing provincial exposure and sensitivity.
Climate Change (Zika)
Source: PPDO, 2020

2.8.10 Summary Result of the Provincial Self-Assessment on Disaster Risk and Climate
Change Resiliency and Institutional Capacity vis-a-vis the Mandates of the Sendai Framework
for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 - 2030, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act and
Climate Change Act
Institutional Capacity of the Province (Compliance of the Province to Disaster Risk Resiliency)
Table 2.8.36 Self-assessment of Disaster Risk Resiliency of the Province Using the Sendai Framework
Briefly describe the specific actions taken or presently Rating*
Parameters/Questions
being undertaken with regards to the parameters (Mode)
Priority 1: Understanding disaster risk
National and local level
The PDRRMC conducted DRR-CCA Gender-based
mainstreaming to vulnerable communities in hazard prone
(a) Promote the collection, analysis, management and use of areas also to include schools and government/private
relevant data and practical information and ensure its offices and business establishments. 3
dissemination, taking into account the needs of different In order to ensure information dissemination IEC materials,
categories of users, as appropriate;
printed in local dialect were distributed (brochures, posters
etc.)
In coordination with MGB 12, the PDRRMC conducts and
(b) Encourage the use of and strengthening of baselines and assist in the conduct of risk assessments such as Karst
periodically assess disaster risks, vulnerability, capacity, Susceptibility Assessment and Mapping at Brgy. Ned, Lake
exposure, hazard characteristics and their possible Sebu. 4
sequential effects at the relevant social and spatial scale on Periodic updating of Baseline data on Flood and Landslide
ecosystems, in line with national circumstances; Hazard were made through coordination with DENR-MGB
12.
(c) Develop, periodically update and disseminate, as
The DENR-MGB 12 had provided hard copy of Hazard
appropriate, location-based disaster risk information,
Maps to the LGUs and conducted periodic updating of risk
including risk maps, to decision makers, the general public
data. And conducted Exit Conference to the concerned 4
and communities at risk of exposure to disaster in an
LGUs relative to the results of the geo-hazard assessment
appropriate format by using, as applicable, geospatial
on the flood and landslide.
information technology;
(d) Systematically evaluate, record, share The PDRRMO records disaster risk profiles of incidents
and publicly account for disaster losses and conducts Pre and Post Disaster Needs Analysis in
and understand the economic, social, order to systematically evaluate and account the losses
health, education, environmental and and the impacts of the disaster incident. Such data and 4
cultural heritage impacts, as appropriate, information gathered served as a basis for its
in the context of event-specific hazard- recommendation to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan for the
exposure and vulnerability information; declaration of the province under the State of Calamity.
(e) Make non-sensitive hazard-exposure, vulnerability, risk, Completion of Community Based Monitoring System
disaster and loss-disaggregated information freely available (CBMs) of the LGUs is ongoing. Only few of the 3
and accessible, as appropriate; municipalities have completed their CBMs.
(f) Promote real time access to reliable data, make use of
space and in site information, including geographic The PDRRMC is currently using the Rapid Earthquake
information systems (GIS), and use information and Disaster System (REDAS) as a tool to assess real-time
4
communications technology innovations to enhance GIS system in the collection and analysis of data relative to
measurement tools and the collection, analysis and earthquake hazard.
dissemination of data;
(g) Build the knowledge of government officials at all levels,
civil society, communities and volunteers, as well as the Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction Management
private sector, through sharing experiences, lessons learned, DRR-CCA Orientation and Disaster Risk Reduction and
4
good practices and training and education on disaster risk PDRRMC conducts regular and periodic assessment of
reduction, including the use of existing training and education schools and offices.
mechanisms and peer learning;

The members of the PDRRM Council equally participated
and represented by government, civil society group and
(h) Promote and improve dialogue and cooperation among
vulnerable groups such as youth and Indigenous peoples
scientific and technological communities, other relevant
have conscientiously deliberate and conduct consultation
stakeholders and policymakers in order to facilitate a science 4
dialogue in matters significant issues in order to arrive with
policy interface for effective decision-making in disaster risk
effective decision-making. Also, consultation dialogue with
management;
communities relative to disaster risk reduction and
management issues were also conducted.
(i) Ensure the use of traditional, indigenous and local
knowledge and practices, as appropriate, to complement
scientific knowledge in disaster risk assessment and the
development and implementation of policies, strategies, IEC materials were printed in local dialect 4
plans and programmes of specific sectors, with a cross-
sectoral approach, which should be tailored to localities and
to the context;
The PDRRM Council members have attended various
trainings conducted by the Office of Civil Défense 12 most
specially in the Management of Incident and have
produced four (4) CADREs from the PRC, BFP and LGU.
(j) Strengthen technical and scientific capacity to capitalize
on and consolidate existing knowledge and to develop and Disaster Rescue and Response Operations (DRRO)
Training were also conducted to AFP, PNP and BFP 4
apply methodologies and models to assess disaster risks,
vulnerabilities and exposure to all hazards; personnel. Students and Faculty Teachers in private/public
schools and universities and disaster volunteers in the
communities. The DRRO Training aimed to increase their
knowledge and capabilities in understanding risks and
response capabilities.
The province continues to promote investments in
(k) Promote investments in innovation and technology
innovation and technology development in long-term, multi
development in long-term, multi hazard and solution-driven
hazard and solution-driven research in disaster risk
research in disaster risk management to address gaps, 3
management to address gaps, obstacles,
obstacles, interdependencies and social, economic,
interdependencies and social, economic, educational and
educational and environmental challenges and disaster risks;
environmental challenges and disaster risks
(l) Promote the incorporation of disaster risk knowledge,
DRR is being mainstreamed to the school curricula in
including disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness,
primary, secondary and higher education. DRR Orientation
response, recovery and rehabilitation, in formal and non- 4
was conducted in schools and universities as part of their
formal education, as well as in civic education at all levels, as
NSTP program.
well as in professional education and training;
(m) Promote national strategies to strengthen public The PDRRMC in its aim to promote and strengthen public
education and awareness in disaster risk reduction, including education and awareness campaign in DRR, conducts
disaster risk information and knowledge, through campaigns, periodic guesting in radio interview, installation of 4
social media and community mobilization, taking into account posters/tarpaulins and postings of information/advisories
specific audiences and their needs; through social media.
(n) Apply risk information in all its dimensions of vulnerability,
capacity and exposure of persons, communities, countries In the development of plans the use of risk information
4
and assets, as well as hazard characteristics, to develop and such as hazard characteristics has been applied.
implement disaster risk reduction policies;
Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction and
(o) Enhance collaboration among people at the local
Management (CBRRM) Training was conducted to the
level to disseminate disaster risk information through the
LGU communities participated by the community leaders
involvement of community-based organizations and non- 4
and members of the communities in order to foster and
governmental organizations.
strengthen participatory planning in disaster risk reduction
management at the local level.
Priority 2: Strengthening disaster risk
governance to manage disaster
risk
National and local levels

The PDRRM Council have identified PPAs that would
ensure integration and mainstreaming of DRR in all sectors
(a) Mainstream and integrate disaster risk reduction within of the community.
and across all sectors and review and promote the DRR mainstreaming in the preparation of plans and
coherence and further development, as appropriate, of programs for the development of infrastructure projects is
national and local frameworks of laws, regulations and public being implemented.
policies, which, by defining roles and responsibilities, guide Best prepared Local Disaster Risk Reduction and
the public and private sectors in: (i) addressing disaster risk Management Council (LDRRMCs) Program was being
in publically owned, managed or regulated services and established by providing incentives to those LGUs with
infrastructures; (ii) promoting and providing incentives, as exemplary performance in disaster preparedness. 4
relevant, for actions by persons, households, communities
and businesses; (iii) enhancing relevant mechanisms and The council also provided augmentation to LGUs for their
initiatives for disaster risk transparency, which may include infrastructure and training and development programs.
financial incentives, public awareness-raising and training The PDRRMC had conducted trainings for the Local
initiatives, reportingrequirements and legal and Disaster Risk Reduction Management Officers (LDRRMOs)
administrative measures; and (iv) putting in place to enhance their technical knowledge and improve their
coordination and organizational structures; capacities in terms of disaster incidents real time reporting
and effective incident and emergency response
management.
(b) Adopt and implement national and local disaster risk
reduction strategies and plans, across different timescales, The LDRRM Plan of the province undergo a periodic
with targets, indicators and time frames, aimed at preventing review and monitoring to ensure that it is in line and
4
the creation of risk, the reduction of existing risk and the attuned with the National and Regional Plans strategies
strengthening of economic, social, health and environmental and Local Development Plans.
resilience;
The PDRRMC in coordination with the DILG Provincial
Office as the lead agency of the Provincial Selection and
Evaluation Committee (PSEC) conducts monitoring and
(c) Carry out an assessment of the technical, financial and
assessments to LDRRMCs through the Best Prepared
administrative disaster risk management capacity to deal 4
LDRRMCs in order to ensure that the LDRRMOs are
with the identified risks at the local and national levels;
technically equipped efficiently manages its LDRRM Fund
and effectively administer disaster risk management in their
locally.
(d) Encourage the establishment of necessary mechanisms
The Province ensures that the LGUs are implementing
and incentives to ensure high levels of compliance with the
sectoral laws and regulations through the evaluation and
existing safety-enhancing provisions of sectoral laws and
assessment of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan of the
regulations, including those addressing land use and urban
LGUs ensuring that DRR-CCA is mainstreamed and that 4
planning, building codes, environmental and resource
land use and urban planning, building codes,
management and health and safety standards, and update
environmental and resource management and safety
them, where needed, to ensure an adequate focus on
standards are incorporated in the plan.
disaster risk management;
(e) Develop and strengthen, as appropriate, mechanisms to
follow up, periodically assess and publicly report on progress
on national and local plans; and promote public scrutiny and Conduct of Periodic monitoring and Updating of Plans to
4
encourage institutional debates, including by ensure alignment and consistent with the National plans.
parliamentarians and other relevant officials, on progress
reports of local and national plans for disaster risk reduction;
The PDRRMC Council ensures to assign, as appropriate,
(f) Assign, as appropriate, clear roles and tasks to community
clear roles and tasks to community representatives within
representatives within disaster risk management institutions
disaster risk management institutions and processes and
and processes and decision-making through relevant legal
decision-making through relevant legal frameworks, and 4
frameworks, and undertake comprehensive public and
undertake comprehensive public and community
community consultations during the development of such
consultations during the development of such laws and
laws and regulations to support their implementation;
regulations
(g) Establish and strengthen government coordination forums
The PDRRM Council strengthens is coordination and
composed of relevant stakeholders at the national and local 4
partnership with both government and private/NGAs and
levels, such as national and local platforms for disaster risk
reduction, and a designated national focal point for other stakeholders to actively support the DRR-CCA
implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Program Initiatives of the Province.
Reduction 2015–2030. It is necessary for such mechanisms
to have a strong foundation in national institutional
frameworks with clearly assigned responsibilities and
authority to, inter alia, identify sectoral and multisectoral
disaster risk, build awareness and knowledge of disaster risk
through sharing and disseminationof non-sensitive disaster
risk information and data, contribute to and coordinate
reports on local and national disaster risk, coordinate public
awareness campaigns ondisaster risk, facilitate and support
local multisectoral cooperation (e.g. among local
governments) and contribute to the determination of and
reporting on national and local disaster risk management
plans and all policies relevant for disaster risk management.
These responsibilities should be established through laws,
regulations, standards and procedures;
The PDDRMC encourages and constantly generates
(h) Empower local authorities, as appropriate, through support of the Legislative Body in the development of a
regulatory and financial means to work and coordinate with new legislation and in setting budget allocations.
4
civil society, communities and indigenous peoples and The Legislators had been actively participating in the DRR
migrants in disaster risk management at the local level; initiatives and in attending the regular and special meeting
of the province.
The Province had been constantly promotes and
(i) Encourage parliamentarians to support the implementation
encourages the LGUs to improve their quality and
of disaster risk reduction by developing new or amending 4
standards. With this, the LGU Tupi and City of Koronadal
relevant legislation and setting budget allocations;
has been recipient of the National Gawad Kalasag Award.
(j) Promote the development of quality standards, such as
The PDRRMC institutionalizes Best for Best Prepared
certifications and awards for disaster risk management, with
LDRRMCs of the Provinces n search for excellence and in
the participation of the private sector, civil society, 4
recognizing the efforts and accomplishments of the
professional associations, scientific organizations and the
LDRRMCs
United Nations;
The PDRRMC shall conduct province wide risk
assessment and study to address the problem of presence
(k) Formulate public policies, where applicable, aimed at
of communities, schools and informal settlers in the hazard
addressing the issues of prevention or relocation, where
prone areas and continues to provide allocation of funds to 4
possible, of human settlements in disaster risk-prone zones,
support the financial assistance to schools/LGUs to
subject to national law and legal systems.
purchase lot for the relocation and recommends policies to
support the program.
Priority 3: Investing in disaster risk
reduction for resilience
(a) Allocate the necessary resources, including finance and
logistics, as appropriate, at all levels of administration for the The LDRRMC had been judiciously allocated and utilizes
development and the implementation of disaster risk its LDRRM Fund to support it DRR-CCA programs and 4
reduction strategies, policies, plans, laws and regulations in strategies.
all relevant sectors;
(b) Promote mechanisms for disaster risk transfer and The PDRRMC conducts coordination activities to
insurance, risk-sharing and retention and financial protection, Department of Agriculture 12 and Phil Crop Insurance to
as appropriate, for both public and private investment in ensure the promotion of risk transfer mechanism of the 3
order to reduce the financial impact of disasters on farmers in order for them to reduce the impact when
Governments and societies, in urban and rural areas; disaster occurs.
(c) Strengthen, as appropriate, disaster-resilient public and The PDRRMC shall strengthen its disaster resilient public
private investments, particularly through structural, non- and private investment by institutionalizing regular and
3
structural and functional disaster risk prevention and periodic of Infrastructure Audit for critical infrastructures
reduction measures in critical facilities, in particular schools and Building Emergency Evacuation Plans and Simulation

and hospitals and physical infrastructures; building better Drills to ensure development of adaptive capacities and
from the start to withstand hazards through proper design resilience of the stakeholders.
and construction, including the use of the principles of
universal design and the standardization of building
materials; retrofitting and rebuilding;nurturing a culture of
maintenance; and taking into account economic, social,
structural, technological and environmental impact
assessments;
The Council shall continue to support the protection of
(d) Protect or support the protection of cultural and collecting cultural and collecting institutions by strengthening its
institutions and other sites of historical, cultural heritage and coordination and institutionalizing and mainstreaming DRR- 3
religious interest; CCA in the programs and activities with the Arts, Culture
and Tourism office of the Province.
The PDRRMC promotes disaster risk resilience of the
(e) Promote the disaster risk resilience of workplaces through workplace through structural and non-structural measures
4
structural and non-structural measures; during the conduct of DRR Orientation and Building
Emergency Evacuation Plan assessment.
(f) Promote the mainstreaming of disaster risk assessments
into land-use policy development and implementation, The province had already institutionalize the promotion of
including urban planning, land degradation assessments and mainstreaming of DRR-CCA in the Land Use Planning of
4
informal and non-permanent housing, and the use of the various LGUs and conducts regular/periodic monitoring
guidelines and follow-up tools informed by anticipated and review of the CLUPs of the LGUs.
demographic and environmental changes;
(g)Promote the mainstreaming of disaster risk assessment,
mapping and management into rural development planning
and management of, inter alia, mountains, rivers, coastal DRR-CCA had been already mainstreamed and
flood plain areas, drylands, wetlands and all other areas incorporated in the Provincial Development Planning
4
prone to droughts and flooding, including through the Framework Plan of the Province and also with various
identification of areas that are safe for human settlement, plans such as LCCAP, Forest Land Use Plan and others.
and at the same time preserving ecosystem functions that
help to reduce risks;
(h) Encourage the revision of existing or the development of
new building codes and standards and rehabilitation and
reconstruction practices at the national or local levels, as The Province shall conduct a study to encourage and
appropriate, with the aim of making them more applicable recommends policies to strengthen and enhance the
within the local context, particularly in informal and marginal existing new building codes and standards and 4
human settlements, and reinforce the capacity to implement, rehabilitation and reconstruction practices to increase
survey and enforce such codes through an appropriate disaster resiliency of public and private infrastructures.
approach, with a view to fostering disaster-resistant
structures;
(i) Enhance the resilience of national health systems,
including by integrating disaster risk management into
primary, secondary and tertiary health care, especially at the
local level; developing the capacity of health workers in
The Provincial Integrated Health Office has already
understanding disaster risk and applying and implementing
integrated DRR-CCA in health system and programmes by
disaster risk reduction approaches in health work; promoting
creating DRR mainstreamed Health Plans and promoting 4
and enhancing the training capacities in the field of disaster
and enhancing their knowledge and capacities in the
medicine; and supporting and training community health
context of DRR-CCA framework.
groups in disaster risk reduction approaches in health
programmes, in collaboration with other sectors, as well as in
the implementation of the International Health Regulations
(2005) of the World Health Organization;

(j) Strengthen the design and implementation of inclusive
policies and social safety-net mechanisms, including through
community involvement, integrated with livelihood
The province ensures that all their programmes are DRR-
enhancement programmes, and access to basic health-care
CCA mainstreamed and Gender Sensitive. And all affected
services, including maternal, newborn and child health,
communities are immediately provided with their basic 4
sexual and reproductive health, food security and nutrition,
needs and ensure immediate access to basis health care
housing and education, towards the eradication of poverty, to
services.
find durable solutions in the post-disaster phase and to
empower and assist people disproportionately affected by
disasters;
(k) People with life-threatening and chronic disease, due to In support and in order to address the needs and manage
their particular needs, should be included in the design of the risk off the people with life-threatening and chronic
policies and plans to manage their risks before, during and disease during disaster the province has institutionalize its 4
after disasters, including having access to life-saving Emergency Cash Assistance Program to assists in the
services; needs of the affected individuals
(l) Encourage the adoption of policies and programmes The province continues to encourage the adoption of
addressing disaster-induced human mobility to strengthen policies and programmes of the LGUs in addressing
the resilience of affected people and that of host disaster-induced human mobility to strengthen the 3
communities, in accordance with national laws and resilience of affected people and that of host communities,
circumstances; in accordance with national laws and circumstances;
(m) Promote, as appropriate, the integration of disaster risk The province continues to promote the integration of
reduction considerations and measures in financial and fiscal disaster risk reduction considerations and measures in 3
instruments; financial and fiscal instruments;
The province continues to strengthen the sustainable use
(n) Strengthen the sustainable use and management of
and management of ecosystems and implement integrated
ecosystems and implement integrated environmental and
environmental and natural resource management 4
natural resource management approaches that incorporate
approaches that incorporate disaster risk reduction through
disaster risk reduction;
institutionalizing its PROJECT DRIVE Program.
The PDRRMC shall promote and assist to increase
business resilience by providing assistance to business
(o) Increase business resilience and protection of livelihoods
sectors through the conduct of Business Continuity
and productive assets throughout the supply chains, ensure
Program and conduct of DRR-CCA orientation and 3
continuity of services and integrate disaster risk management
Capacity and Development Training Programs to ensure
into business models and practices;
integration of disaster risk management in the business
sector.
The province ensures and strengthen the Food Security
(p) Strengthen the protection of livelihoods and productive Development program and conduct of Risk Financing
3
assets, including livestock, working animals, tools and seeds; Study to ensure protection of livelihood and productive
assets of the vulnerable communities.
The PDRRMC in order to ensure the integration and
(q) Promote and integrate disaster risk management mainstreaming of DRR-CCA in the tourism industry by
approaches throughout the tourism industry, given the often providing support to the Arts, Culture and Tourism Office of 3
heavy reliance on tourism as a key economic driver. the Province in the conduct of DRR-CCA Training and in
the development of DRR-CCA Tourism Plan.
Priority 4: Enhancing disaster preparedness
for effective response and to
“Build Back Better” in recovery,
rehabilitation and reconstruction
(a) Prepare or review and periodically update disaster
preparedness and contingency policies, plans and
programmes with the involvement of the relevant institutions, The PDRRMC conducts regular and periodic review of the
4
considering climate change scenarios and their impact on existing plans such as Contingency Plan on all hazards.
disaster risk, and facilitating, as appropriate, the participation
of all sectors and relevant stakeholders;

(b) Invest in, develop, maintain and strengthen people- The PDRRMC maintains and continues to institutionalize
centred multi-hazard, multisectoral forecasting and early multi-hazard and multisectoral forecasting and early
warning systems, disaster risk and emergency warning systems to LGUs through provision of Early
communications mechanisms, social technologies and Warning Signages, Automated Rain Gauges, Water level
hazard-monitoring telecommunications systems; develop monitoring System, Electronic Siren and regular radio
such systems through a participatory process; tailor them to program. 3
the needs of users, including social and cultural
requirements, in particular gender; promote the application of By 2022, the Province Emergency Operations Center shall
simple and low-cost early warning equipment and facilities; be equipped with Text Blast System and 911 Emergency
and broaden release channels for natural disaster early Communications to broaden the release of early warning
warning information; information to the public.
The PDRRMC continues to promote the resilience of new
(c) Promote the resilience of new and existing critical
and existing critical infrastructure, including water,
infrastructure, including water, transportation and
transportation and telecommunications infrastructure,
telecommunications infrastructure, educational facilities,
educational facilities, hospitals and other health facilities by
hospitals and other health facilities, to ensure that they 3
allocation of funds for the purpose thereof, to ensure that
remain safe, effective and operational during and after
they remain safe, effective and operational during and after
disasters in order to provide live-saving and essential
disasters in order to provide live-saving and essential
services;
services;
(d) Establish community centres for the promotion of public
awareness and the stockpiling of necessary materials to
implement rescue and relief activities;
(e) Adopt public policies and actions that support the role of The PDRRMC adopts the national and local policies and
public service workers to establish or strengthen coordination actions to support the public service workers and
and funding mechanisms and procedures for relief procedures and guidelines for Relief Assistance 4
assistance and plan and prepare for post-disaster recovery Mechanism and Response and Recovery Plan in
and reconstruction; consonance with the Build-Back-Better principle
The PDRRMC allocates funds annually for the conduct of
(f) Train the existing workforce and voluntary workers in Capacity Development Program to all responders and
disaster response and strengthen technical and logistical DRR-CCA program implementers such as Search and 4
capacities to ensure better response in emergencies; Rescue Operations from Basic to Advance Courses,
Incident Command System (4 Level Courses) and others
By 2022, the all office of the province, LGUs and NGAs in
(g) Ensure the continuity of operations and planning,
the province are equipped with knowledge on Public
including social and economic recovery, and the provision of 3
Service Continuity to ensure continuity of operations of
basic services in the post-disaster phase;
government services.
The PDRRMC allocates funds annually to fund and
(h) Promote regular disaster preparedness, response and
promotes the conduct of disaster preparedness, response
recovery exercises, including evacuation drills, training and
and recovery exercises such as Earthquake and Fire Drills.
the establishment of area-based support systems, with a
The council in coordination and collaboration with the
view to ensuring rapid and effective response to disasters 4
Bureau of Fire Protection conducts review of the Building
and related displacement, including access to safe shelter,
Emergency Evacuation Plan of schools, office and
essential food and non-food relief supplies, as appropriate to
business establishments prior to the conduct of drills in
local needs;
order to ensure compliance with building and fire code.
(i) Promote the cooperation of diverse institutions, multiple
The PDRRM Council continues to promote coordination
authorities and related stakeholders at all levels, including
and cooperation of various stakeholders and its affected
affected communities and business, in view of the complex 4
communities in policy and planning development of
and costly nature of post-disaster reconstruction, under the
recovery plan during disaster and emergencies.
coordination of national authorities;
(j) Promote the incorporation of disaster risk management
into post-disaster recovery and rehabilitation processes,
facilitate the link between relief, rehabilitation and
The PDRRMC continues to incorporate disaster risk
development, use opportunities during the recovery phase to
management all its the recovery and rehabilitation 4
develop capacities that reduce disaster risk in the short,
programs.
medium and long term, including through the development of
measures such as land-use planning, structural standards
improvement and the sharing of expertise, knowledge, post-

disaster reviews and lessons learned and integrate post-
disaster reconstruction into the economic and social
sustainable development of affected areas. This should also
apply to temporary settlements for persons displaced by
disasters;
(k) Develop guidance for preparedness for disaster
reconstruction, such as on land-use planning and structural
The province continues to promote the development of
standards improvement, including by learning from the
disaster preparedness plans and programs particularly in 4
recovery and reconstruction programmes over the decade
the review of the CLUP of the LGUs.
since the adoption of the Hyogo Framework for Action, and
exchanging experiences, knowledge and lessons learned;
(l) Consider the relocation of public facilities and
The PDRRMC conducts risk assessment on public facilities
infrastructures to areas outside the risk range, wherever
such as schools in the hazard prone areas in consideration 3
possible, in the post-disaster reconstruction process, in
with possible relocation if necessary.
consultation with the people concerned, as appropriate;
The province through its SP Ordinance shall enact for the
implementation of Forced and Pre-Emptive Evacuation of
(m) Strengthen the capacity of local authorities to evacuate the communities if necessary.
3
persons living in disaster-prone areas; And promotes the Education and Information Campaign of
LGUs to vulnerable communities in the hazard prone
areas.
(n) Establish a mechanism of case registry and a database of The province shall establish mechanism through
mortality caused by disaster in order to improve the coordination with DILG in the Management of the Dead 3
prevention of morbidity and mortality; and Missing.
The province shall institutionalize arrangement and
(o) Enhance recovery schemes to provide psychosocial mechanism for the volunteers and trainers on
3
support and mental health services for all people in need; Psychological First Aid in order to provide psychosocial
support and mental health services.
The PDRRMC shall review and strengthen, as appropriate,
(p) Review and strengthen, as appropriate, national laws and
national laws and procedures on international cooperation,
procedures on international cooperation, based on the
based on the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and 3
Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of
Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial
International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance.
Recovery Assistance.
* *Rating: 5 – Fully met; 4 – Moderately met; 3 – Fairly met; 2 – Poorly met; 1 – Not yet met
Source: PDRRMO, 2020
Compliance of South Cotabato to Institutional Capacity to Implement LGU Mandates Under the ClimateChange
Act (RA 9729)
Table 2.8.37 Assessment of Provincial Institutional Capacity to Implement LGU Mandates Under the Climate Change Act (RA
9729)
Briefly describe the specific actions taken or presently
Rating*
Parameters/Questions being undertaken with regards to the question being
(Mode)
asked
The province through the Provincial Planning and
1. Provide technical assistance, enforcement and
Development Office and DILG provided technical assistance,
information management in support of municipal and city 4
enforcement and information management in support of
climate change action plans.
municipal and city climate change action plans.
2. Conduct Inter-local government unit collaboration in the The province conducts inter-local government unit
4
conduct of climate- related activities. collaboration in the conduct of DRR-CCA activities.
The PDRRMC allocates fund in the annual appropriation for
3. Allocate from their annual appropriation adequate funds
the formulation, development and implementation LCCAP
for the formulation, development and implementation, 4
Programs, Projects and activities including training, capacity
including training, capacity building and direct
building and development programs.
Rating*
(Mode)
asked
intervention, of their respective climate change programs
and plans.
4. Conduct public awareness campaigns on the effects of
The province conducts public awareness campaigns on the
climate change and energy-saving solutions to mitigate
effects of climate change and energy-saving solutions to
these effects, and initiatives, through educational and 4
mitigate these effects, and initiatives through its DRR-CCA
training programs and micro-credit schemes, especially
Orientation in vulnerable communities/sector.
for women in rural areas.
* Rating: 5 – Fully met; 4 – Moderately met; 3 – Fairly met; 2 – Poorly met; 1 – Not yet met
Compliance of South Cotabato to the Institutional Capacity to Implement LGU Mandates Under the Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management
Table 2.8.38 Assessment of Provincial Institutional Capacity to Implement LGU Mandates Under the Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Act (RA 10121)
Rating*
(Mode)
asked
1. Established an LDRRMO which shall be
The LDRRM Office was established by virtue of Executive
responsible for setting the direction, development,
Order No. 20 series of 2010 signed by Gov. Arturo B. 5
implementation and coordination of disaster risk
Pingoy Jr. dated August 19, 2010.
management programs
Search and Rescue Team/Accredited Community Disaster
2. Organize, train and directly supervise the local Volunteers of the province were organized and regularly
5
emergency response teams conducts basic and advance training on rescue and
response operations.
The Plans, Programs and Projects approved under the
3. Design, program, and coordinate disaster risk
Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund were
reduction and management activities consistent with the 5
in line and consistent with the National and Regional
National Council’s standards and guidelines
standards and guidelines.
4. Facilitate and support risk assessments and The PDRRMO periodically conducts risk assessment and
5
contingency planning activities at the local level contingency planning activities.
5. Consolidate local disaster risk information which
The PDRRMC consolidates and maintains disaster risk
includes natural hazards, vulnerabilities, and climate change 3
information and maintains local risk maps.
risks, and maintain a local risk map
6. Organize and conduct training, orientation, and The PDRRMC conducts DRR training and orientation to
knowledge management activities on disaster risk reduction vulnerable communities, schools and universities and 5
and management at the local level organizes Brgy. Disaster Action team at the local level.
The PDRRMC had established and installed Early Warning
System in the hazard prone areas such as Automated Rain
7. Operate a multl-hazard early warning system, Gauges, E-Siren and Water Level Monitoring System
linked to disaster risk reduction to provide accurate and donated by the DOST 12 and water level markers with early
timely advice to national or local emergency response warning system signages were installed in the identified
hazard areas throughout the province. 4
organizations and to the general public, through diverse
mass media, particularly radio, landline communications, and The PDRRMC proposes to establish a Text Blast System
technologies for communication within rural communities Program and 911 Emergency Communication to be used in
the Emergency Operations Center that aims to disseminate
accurate and timely advance to all concerned communities.
8. Formulate and implement a comprehensive and
integrated LDRRMP in accordance with the national, regional The PDRRMC formulates 3-5-year plan in consonance and
and provincial framework, and policies on disaster risk consistent with the national and local laws, regulations and 4
reduction in close coordination with the local development policy standards.
councils (LDCs)
Rating*
(Mode)
asked
9. Prepare and submit to the local Sanggunian
through the LDRRMC and the LDC the annual LDRRMO The PDRRMC submits to the local Sanggunian and to the
Plan and budget, the proposed programming of the Local Development Council the Annual LDRRMO Plan and
5
LDRRMF, other dedicated disaster risk reduction and Budget for programming and other LDRRMF Plan that
management resources, and other regular funding source/s requires for funding and budgetary support.
and budgetary support of the LDRRMO /BDRRMC
10. Conduct continuous disaster monitoring and The PDRRMC conducts continuous disaster monitoring
mobilize instrumentalities and entities of the LGUs, CSOs, through the Activation of its 24/7 Operations Center. The
private groups and organized volunteers, to utilize their Response Cluster of the council is on stand-by and
4
facilities and resources for the protection and preservation of conducts prepositioning of resources including manpower
life and properties during emergencies in accordance with and other resources ready for deployment to ensure
existing policies and procedures immediate and prompt emergency response action.
The province through Provincial Planning and Development
Office and DENR-MGB were enable to identify, assess and
11. Identify, assess and manage the hazards, vulnerabilities
manage hazards and vulnerabilities and risk through 5
and risks that may occur in their locality
provision of geo-hazard risk assessment results/reports and
geo-hazard map.
12. Disseminate information and raise public
awareness about those hazards, vulnerabilities and risks, The PDRRMC conducts regular IEC Campaign and DRR
5
their nature, effects, early warning signs and counter- Gender-based Orientation.
measures
The PDRRMC integrates its DRR-CCA cost effective
13. Identify and implement cost-effective risk reduction measures in the various plans e.g. LDRRM Plan, LCCAP,
5
measures/strategies; Annual Investment Plan, Contingency Plan, Response and
Recovery Plan
The PDRRMO in coordination and collaboration with the
14. Maintain a database of human resource,
PPDO and MDRRMOs collates and maintains database of
equipment, directories, and location of critical infrastructures
human resource, equipment, directories, and location of 4
and their capacities such as hospitals and evacuation
critical infrastructures and their capacities such as hospitals
centers.
and evacuation centers
The PDRRMC strengthens coordination and collaboration
15. Develop, strengthen and operationalize
with the private sector, CSOs and volunteer groups to
mechanisms for partnership or networking with the private 5
institutionalize arrangements and operationalize
sector, CSOs, and volunteer groups
mechanisms.
16. Take all necessary steps on a continuing basis to The PDRRMC continues to conduct regular and periodic
maintain, provide, or arrange the provision of, or to otherwise conduct of basic and proficiency training to responders and
make available, suitably-trained and competent personnel for PDRRMO staff and personnel to enhance their knowledge 5
effective civil defense and disaster risk reduction and and capacity and to become highly-trained competent
management in its area personnel.
The PDRRMO organizes, train and equip the local

17. Organize, train, equip and supervise the local
emergency response team by conducting basic and
emergency response teams and the ACDVs ensuring that
proficiency all hazard rescue and response courses to 5
humanitarian aid workers are equipped with basic skills to
ensure effective and immediate delivery of gender-based
assist mothers to breastfeed
response actions.
18. Prepare and submit, through the LDRRMC and the
The PDRRMC prepares and submit monthly, quarterly and
LDC, the report on the utilization of the LDRRMF and other
annual the report of utilization to Commission on Audit
dedicated disaster risk reduction and management resources
(COA), Dept. of Budget and Management (DBM), Office of 5
to the local Commission on Audit (COA), copy furnished the
Civil Defense (OCD) and Dept. of Interior and Local
regional director of the OCD and the Local Government
Government (DILG)
Operations Officer of the DILG

Rating*
(Mode)
asked
19. Respond to and manage the adverse effects of
emergencies and carry out recovery activities in the affected
area, ensuring that there is an efficient mechanism for
The PDRRMC are enable and continues to respond and
immediate delivery of food, shelter and medical supplies for
manage the adverse effects of emergencies and ensures 5
women and children, endeavour to create a special place
that relief and recovery program are implemented.
where internally-displaced mothers can find help with
breastfeeding, feed and care for their babies and give
support to each other
The PDRRMO continues to allocated fund annually for the
20. Within its area, promote and raise public
conduct of Information and Education Campaign activities to
awareness of and compliance with the DRRM Act and 5
include Orientation and distribution of IEC materials in
legislative provisions relevant to the purpose of this Act
compliance with the DRRM Act.
21. Serve as the secretariat and executive arm of the The PDRRMO acts as the secretariat of secretariat and
5
LDRRMC executive arm of the LDRRMC
The PDRRMO coordinates and collaborates with LGUS,
22. Coordinate other disaster risk reduction and NGA, CSOs and other stakeholders in the planning and
5
management activities conduct of disaster risk reduction and management
activities
The PDRRMO establishes and strengthens linkage and
network with other LGUs and other stakeholders such as
23. Establish linkage/network with other LGUs for
Philippine Red Cross, Kabalikat, Bureau of Fire Protection, 5
disaster risk reduction and emergency response purposes
SOCOTECO, Mahintana and other volunteer groups and
organization its DRR and emergency operations
24. Recommend through the LDRRMC the enactment
The LDRRMC recommends the enactment of local
of local ordinances consistent with the requirements of this 5
ordinances in consistent with the R.A 10121
Act
25. Implement policies, approved plans and programs The LDRRMC implements policies, approved plans and
of the LDRRMC consistent with the policies and guidelines programs in consistent with the national/regional policies 5
laid down in this Act and guidelines
The province had established its Provincial Operations
Center located at the PEO Compound, Waling-waling,
Koronadal City. The center was equipped with radio
26. Establish a Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and communications and is operational.
4
Management Operations Center By 2022, the Province Emergency Operations Center shall
be equipped with Text Blast System and 911 Emergency
Communications to broaden the release of early warning
information to the public.
27. Encourage community, specifically the youth,
participation in disaster risk reduction and management
activities, such as organizing quick response groups, The PDRRMC coordinates and establish partnership with
4
particularly in identified disaster-prone areas, as well as the community and the youth in the conduct of DRR activities
inclusion of disaster risk reduction and management
programs as part of the SK programs and projects
28. Monitor and evaluate the use and disbursement of
The PDRRMO conducts regular and periodic monitoring of
the LDRRMF based on the LDRRMP as incorporated in the 5
the LDRRM Fund.
local development plans and annual work and financial plan
* Rating: 5 – Fully met; 4 – Moderately met; 3 – Fairly met; 2 – Poorly met; 1 – Not yet met

Chapter 3
VISION AND MISSION

THE VISION AND MISSION STATEMENTS
The development of the Province of
OUR VISION
South Cotabato is guided by the shared A Caring, Resilient, Ecologically-
aspirations of the people for a highly-livable
settlement where they can live a happy, safe,
balanced, Highly-responsive,
peaceful, healthy and comfortable life with Functionally Integrated and Equitably
abundant opportunities for work and Growing Agro-industrial and Tourism
livelihood. South Cotabato shall continue to
support, nurture and promote the sustainable
Hub by 2028
and competitive growth of its lone city and ten
municipalities against a backdrop of open
governance, ecological integrity and quality OUR MISSION
infrastructure that support their functional
Promote participatory, transparent and
roles in provincial development as captured
in its vision and mission statements. accountable governance in building
livable and safe human settlements
South Cotabato’s development
direction is aligned with the international
agenda for sustainable development – the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). South
Cotabato localizes the SDGs by working on the perspective that achieving Goals # 2-16 by forging
strong partnerships – which is Goal # 17, will ultimately result in achieving Goal No. 1 of No Poverty
where no one is left behind. The vision is also anchored on the national government’s vision of a
Matatag, Maginhawa at Panatag na Buhay as captured in Ambisyon Natin 2040 that envisions the
Philippines as a prosperous middle-class society where no one is poor.
In order to achieve the vision, it is the role and development mission of the provincial
government to highlight good governance and promote transparency, accountability and participation
as a way of making people co-own their government. By providing the enabling environment for
growth to thrive, this brand of governance – focused on creating spaces of integrity and open
government – will increase the chances of producing tangible outcomes to our people and positive
impacts to our communities.
Vision Elements and Descriptors
The Vision Statement describes both the outward-looking and inward-looking elements of the
envisioned long-term role and development direction of the province. The desired role of the
province in the wider region or the best contribution it can make to the development of the
nation is captured in the outward-looking vision descriptors. Similarly, the characteristics of the
province as a desired human habitat that provides quality spaces for living and making a living are
captured in the inward-looking vision descriptors.
3-1 | CHAPTER 3: VISION, MISSION, AND DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES

Significantly, the vision defines the desires of the people in each of the development sector – social,
economic, infrastructure, environment and institutional, including the realization of a future that
responds to the recent challenges of the 21st century settlements: climate change and disaster risks,
alarming HIV/AIDS cases, gender and LGBTQ rights, and the resulting socio-spatial challenges of
rapid urbanization – urban sprawl and massive agricultural land conversion, urban decay,
environmental degradation, encroachment of protection forests and easements, expansion of spaces
of the informal economy, and persistent poverty.
As a province and as a people, South Cotabato shall be:
CARING – A province that supports and encourages the growth of its component LGUs like a caring
mother to its children, and ensures that its people have easy and adequate access to free education,
health, social welfare and protection services in building lasting peace;
RESILIENT. With people, economies, and communities that are resilient to economic, socio-cultural,
and disaster risks;
FUNCTIONALLY INTEGRATED AND EQUITABLY GROWING. That promotes inclusive growth

where no one is left behind, and reduces disparity of socio-economic development among its
component LGUs as supported by infrastructure that physically and functionally integrates its urban
and rural communities;
ECOLOGICALLY-BALANCED AND HIGHLY RESPONSIVE TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC

NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE. That ensures responsiveness, transparency, bottom-up participation, and
institutional and ecological integrity in public service delivery through the reliable, timely and efficient
implementation of the right interventions and prompt access to basic public goods and services while
respecting the distinctiveness and sensitivity of its natural environment to become…
an AGRO-INDUSTRIAL AND TOURISM HUB!
Table 3.1 Vision Elements and Descriptors, South Cotabato, 2020-2028

VISION ELEMENTS DESCRIPTORS
Outward-looking: Role in the
Wider Regional/National AGRO-INDUSTRIAL AND TOURISM HUB
Development
Inward-looking (Characteristics as
a Desired Human Habitat)
CARING (People have easy and adequate access to free education, health,
People as a Society social welfare and protection services in building lasting peace.)
RESILIENT (High Adaptive Capacity)
State of the Local Economy EQUITABLY GROWING (Inclusive Growth)
ECOLOGICALLY-BALANCED (Ecological Integrity)

State of the Natural Environment
RESILIENT (High Adaptive Capacity)
CHAPTER 3: VISION, MISSION, AND DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES | 3-2

VISION ELEMENTS DESCRIPTORS
FUNCTIONALLY-INTEGRATED (Adequate and Quality Urban and Rural
Condition of the Built Environment Infrastructure)
RESILIENT (Climate-smart Infrastructure)
Capacity and Quality of the Local HIGHLY-RESPONSIVE (Grassroots-focused or Bottom-up, Participatory,
Leadership / Governance Transparent, Accountable, Efficient Government)
Source: PPDO – ELA Planning Workshop
Localizing the SDGs and Philippine Development Plan: South Cotabato’s Five Strategic
Development Priorities
To ensure that realizing the vision for the province contributes to the national development thrust as
articulated in the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2017-2022, each of the vision descriptor of the
province’s vision statement is anchored on the country’s priority goals of Malasakit (Enhancing the
Social Fabric), Pagbabago (Inequality Reducing Transformation) and Patuloy na Pag-unlad
(Increasing Growth Potential), and aligned with South Cotabato’s five (5) Strategic Development
Priorities, as follows:
1. STRENGTHENING GOOD GOVERNANCE: Advancing Grassroots-focused, Open,

Participatory and Digital-driven Governance to reduce Poverty and Build Lasting Peace
2. ACCELERATING HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT: Providing Access to Free Education
and Public Health Services
3. ACCELERATING INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT: Increasing Connectivity and
Interdependencies Between Urban and Rural Centers
4. HARNESSING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERHSIP (PPP) AND VALUE-ADDING IN
ADVANCING INCUSIVE ECONOMIC GROWTH: Expanding Economic Opportunities for Job
Creation and Enterprise Development
5. DRIVING GROWTH WITH ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY AND RESILIENCE: Sustaining
Ridge-to-Reef Approaches and Increasing Adaptive Capacities to Disaster for Inter-
generational Equity

Table 3.2 Localizing the Sustainable Development Goals and the Philippine Development Plan through South Cotabato’s Strategic Development Priorities,
2020-2028
CHAPTER 3: VISION, MISSION, AND DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES

| 3-4
Source: PPDO

Chapter 4
PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK AN
4.1. Existing Land Use and Physical Framework
4.1.1 Existing Functional Linkages
The dynamics of the socio-spatial and economic interplay between and among the component
territories of the province, and between the province and the neighboring areas in the region
establishes functional linkages that drive the growth and development of South Cotabato. Of utmost
importance in strengthening these functional linkages is strong physical integration reinforced by
reliable infrastructure support.
4.1.1.1 Competitive and Comparative Advantage Analysis
The Comparative Development Analysis conducted to identify the province’s product competitive
and comparative advantages and draw out the functional roles of the component city and
municipalities in provincial development shows that the province has a competitive and comparative
advantage when it comes to production of agricultural crops, eco-tourism potentials and agro-
industrial facilities (Map 4.1). These areas are considered as the primary current and potential
economic drivers of South Cotabato.
In the context of this PDPFP, the province has a competitive advantage over a particular product
if it is the primary producer of a product in Region XII with sustained international market. Meanwhile,
it only has a comparative advantage if it is the top producer in the region but without sustained
international market, or if the province is producing adequate quantity to establish international
market even if it is not the top producer in the region.
Agriculture and Agro-Industrial Advantage
According to the volume of production in 2018 provided by the Philippine Statistics Authority
(PSA), the Top Seven (7) Major Crops produced in the province are pineapple, corn, palay, banana,
coconut, cassava and papaya.
The province is the region’s major producer of pineapple, corn, cassava and papaya, as well as
the only producer of asparagus in the region. Out of these, pineapple, papaya and corn have the
competitive advantage because of various multi-national companies (e.g., Dole Phil., STANFILCO,
etc.) investing on the production, processing and exporting of these high value commercial crops.
The province has only a comparative advantage on banana, mango, palay, coconut, cassava,
asparagus, and cacao. The province is not the major producer of banana in the region, but because
of the investments from multi-national companies, it has captured sustained international market.
The province also has the comparative advantage in abaca and tilapia. It already produces these
products in abundance and needs only to enhance and sustain its quality, quantity and
competitiveness in order to attract potential investments and global markets.
4-1 | CHAPTER 4: PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK AND LAND USE PLAN

D LAND USE PLAN

Dole Philippines, Inc., one of the country’s largest pineapple production and processing
companies, grows and processes pineapple, papaya, banana and other products in Polomolok, Tupi
and Tboli. The presence of this multi-national company alone has generated massive employment,
local income and made available the province’s pineapple and other products to both local and
international markets. Other multi-national companies such as STANFILCO, Lapanday Foods, and
SUMIFRU have also invested in the mass production and export of plantation crops such as banana
and asparagus in the municipalities of Tupi, Tampakan, Tboli and Tantangan, and Koronadal City.
The Rice Processing Center in the municipality of Sto. Niño is expected to boost the quality of
rice produced in the area and its neighbouring municipalities particularly Norala and Tantangan. Local
farmers in Koronadal City and Tampakan, in partnership with Cargill and Pioneer, are engaged in
certified corn seeds production.
The province also boasts of world class agri-machineries and farm implements that are marketed
not only to neighbouring provinces but also to other countries like Malaysia. The award-winning and
innovative mechanical rice dryer, one of the inventions of a local inventor and scientist, has a huge
potential market once funded for mass production by the Department of Science and Technology.
Eco-cultural Tourism Advantage
The province is endowed with rich cultural, adventure and nature tourism resources. Priority
tourist destinations in the province are Lake Sebu, Tboli, Tupi, Polomolok, and Koronadal City for
tourism-support services. Enhancement of the tourist industry in these areas will spur economic
development in the locality.
Lake Sebu, the province’s summer, eco-tourism and cultural tourism capital, was ranked second
among the Top 10 emerging tourist destinations in the country during the 2013 Search for Philippine
Gems. The Seven Falls and Zipline in Lake Sebu, is considered as one of the tallest in Asia, which
runs at 180 meters above ground. The lake boating activities particularly in newly-branded,
instagram-worthy lotus garden, cultural immersion with the women dreamweavers, taste of different
tilapia dishes, and the Divine Mercy Shrine are added attractions in Lake Sebu. The exposure brought
by the video montage of Miss Universe 2018 Catriona Gray, and her patronage on T’nalak-inspired
fashion apparels and accessories, have brought the local culture in the international limelight, enticing
both local and foreign tourists to visit the area which in turn generate substantial income to the local
community. The other lakes like Lake Lahit and Lake Seloton, and the unexplored caves and hidden
waterfalls are among the other potential tourist attractions that are yet to be developed in the area.
The entire 304-hecatre Lake Holon (formerly known as Lake Maughan), nestled within the
biodiversity-rich Mt. Melibengoy in Barangay Salacafe, Tboli is also open to visitors for camping,
hiking and nature-adventure seeking activities. Mt. Melibengoy, which is an active volcano and part
of the Allah Valley Watershed Forest Reserve, is considered as among the area’s last frontiers with
CHAPTER 4: PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK AND LAND USE PLAN | 4-2

Map 4.1 Competitive and Comparative Advantage Map of South Cotabato, 2018
Source: PPDO

around 5,000 hectares of intact forest cover as well as diverse flora and fauna. The preserved Tboli
cultural community in Brgy.Tudok is also a potential tourist attraction.
Other natural tourist attractions in the province are Linan Falls and Tarsier Wildlife Sanctuary in
Tupi, Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape in Polomolok, Siok Falls in Koronadal City and Tablu Falls
in Tampakan.
South Cotabato also has potentials in the following emerging products: Bamboo, Pottery, Oil
Palm, and Gold and Silver Industry. Interventions are also focused in developing these products to
strengthen their competitiveness.
4.1.1.2 Role of the Province in Regional Development
The Regional Physical Framework Plan (2004-2030) of Region XII envisions the emergence of
the region as an Agri-industrial and Eco-tourism Center in Southern Philippines through the
development of agri-industrial and eco-tourism corridors. South Cotabato belongs to the IGS
Corridor or the Isulan-General Santos City Agri-Industrial and Eco-Tourism Corridor. The
major industries that shall be promoted in this corridor are processing centers of high value crops,
corn and other agri-based products, fish, mining, eco-tourism, and information and communications
technology (ICT).
Under the SOCCSKSARGEN Regional Development Plan (2017-2022), South Cotabato is

identified as the Agro-industrial Center in the Southern Part of Region XII – processing high value
crops like pineapple, banana and the prime agricultural producer of rice, corn and other food crops.
Its component city, Koronadal City, is identified as the Administrative Center of the
SOCCSKSARGEN Region and shall position itself as the region’s convention hub. Koronadal, as the
seat of governance of both the province and the region, shall also primarily provide
commercial/trading, education and residential support services for the region. Surallah and
Polomolok are identified as the center for agri-industrial processing for high value crops and fruits,
and the provincial market and distribution center.
4.1.1.3 Functional Roles of City / Municipalities in Provincial Development
All LGUs play crucial roles in support of the agro-industrial and eco-cultural tourism development
thrusts of South Cotabato. Under the 2014-2019 Provincial Development and Physical Framework
Plan (PDPFP), the roles of city/municipalities are based on their strengths and capacities to support
provincial development. Their roles complement each other and when enjoined and supported, the
economic growth of the city/municipalities shall bring to fruition the vision of the province to be a
premier agro-industrial and tourism hub in the region (Map 4.2).
Koronadal City is the provincial capital and seat of governance. It is also the primary urban center
for commerce and trade, and for high-order or specialized services on education, health, housing and
settlement, tourism and transportation.
Polomolok is also a primary urban center in the southern part of the province for agro-processing,
manufacturing/industrial development and suburban residential development. It also plays an important
role in economic production as the province’s primary pineapple production center and a secondary
tourism hub.
Surallah is the Provincial Agro-Industrial Center (PAIC) and the alternate urban center for
commerce and trade, transportation and tourism support services.

Banga is the province’s cassava production center and the secondary producer of corn. It is also a
tourism support hub particularly for inland resorts and restaurants.
Tupi is the fruit and vegetable basket of the province. It is the primary papaya production center
and major cacao producer. It is also the secondary tourism hub particularly for cutflowers, fresh and
processed fruit souvenirs, and roadside dining.
Lake Sebu is the primary eco-cultural tourism hub and summer capital of South Cotabato. Endowed
with rich natural, cultural and economic endowments, it is also the primary production center for corn
and aquaculture (i.e. Tilapia).
Norala and Sto. Niño are characterized by their geographical proximity to each other, as well as
similarity in their economic base. Being located in low-lying alluvial plains conducive to rice farming,
together, they comprise the Rice Granary of the province.
Tampakan is the major coffee and vegetable producer, and the potential area for mining and tourism
industry development.
Tantangan is the primary mango production center. It is also known for its high-quality pottery or
ceramic production.
Tboli is the primary banana and abaca production center and the industry development area for
gold and silver. It is also a secondary tourism hub.
Table 4.1. Existing Hierarchy of Settlements and Functional Roles of City/Municipalities, 2018

• Provincial and Regional Administrative capital
or seat of governance
• Large shopping centers Koronadal
Primary Urban Center
• Higher-end/Specialized Urban Services Center: Polomolok
Trade, Commerce, Financial, Health,
Education, Residential
• Provincial Agri-Industrial Centers (PAIC)/
Special Economic Zones
Alternate Urban Center • Secondary level urban services and functions Surallah
as commerce and trade, finance, health and
education
• Expansion area for urban growth
• Large plantations/production area for Tupi
Minor Urban Center
commercial crops Banga
• Vast rice, fruit crops and vegetable production
Tantangan
Emerging Growth Center area/trading/ processing center
Norala
(Agri-Industrial Development) • Expansion area for commercial crops
Sto. Niño
production/trading
Emerging Growth Center • Tourism/Inland Fishery Lake Sebu

(Agri-Industry-Tourism • Corn and commercial crops production Tboli
Development) • Mining industry potential Tampakan
Source: PPDO

Map 4.2 Existing Functional Roles of City/Municipalities in Provincial Development, South Cotabato, 2019

| 4-6
Source: PPDO
4.1.2 Analysis of Existing Land Uses
Land is conceived and perceived in various ways. It is commonly understood as “that solid portion
of the earth’s surface (Serote, 2004).” It is viewed as a shared natural resource, much like air and
water found therein, to be conserved and cared for with due regard for its effect on society as a whole
and for the conditions in which it will be passed on to future generations.1 Legally, land refers to “any
ground, soil or earth that is regarded as the subject of ownership, and everything annexed to it
whether by nature or by man extending indefinitely vertically upwards and downwards.” 2 All these
various conceptions of land can be captured using four broad concepts that represent the multi-
dimensionality of land: land as a natural resource, land as an economic good, land as a property,
and land as a territory.3
There are conflicting references as to the total land area of South Cotabato. In the previous
PDPFP 2014-2019, the total land area of the province is 3,705.89 square kilometers, while the land
area used by PSA to determine the land use density in the 2015 Census of Population is 4,135.95
square kilometers. Meanwhile, the aggregated land area used by the 11 component
city/municipalities is 4,152.76 square kilometers that was based on the presidential proclamations
creating the city/municipalities, pending settlement on boundary conflicts with adjacent
city/municipalities. This is also the same land areas used in their respective Comprehensive Land
Use Plans (CLUPs).
In the context of the PDPFP 2020-2028, the total land area of 4,152.76 square kilometers by the
component city/municipalities is used. It comprises 1.38% of the total land area of the Philippines
(300,000 sq.km.), and 21.67% of the entire SOCCSKSARGEN Region (19,165.87 sq.km.).
Table 4.2 Total Land Area per City/Municipality, The total land area of the province is allocated
South Cotabato, 2018 into different competing land uses, all aimed at
Total achieving quality life for its people. Land use refers to
City/ Land “those activities of man on, in, over and under the
% to Total Land Area
Municipality Area earth’s surface that tend to change the natural state
(km2) of the land (Serote, 2004).” In its broad sense, land
Banga 240.35 5.79 use embraces both uses that are placed by nature
Koronadal 277.00 6.67 (i.e. vegetative cover, mineral deposits, water
Lake Sebu 891.76 21.47 bodies), and those introduced by man (i.e.
Norala 194.40 4.68 residential, commercial, industrial).
Polomolok 347.10 8.36
To ensure that land resources are utilized
Sto. Niño 109.72 2.64
according to their highest and best use, allocation of
Surallah 311.10 7.49
land into various competing uses must be rationally
Tampakan 288.11 6.94
and judiciously planned. Land use planning refers to
Tantangan 149.74 3.61
the “rational and judicious approach of allocating
Tboli 1,041.61 25.08
available land resources to different land using
Tupi 301.87 7.27
activities (e.g. agricultural, residential, industrial) and
TOTAL 4,152.76 100.00
for different functions consistent with the overall
Source: C/MPDOs / CLUPs development vision/goal of a particular locality.”4 It is
the proper management of land resources, that is, using land in a manner consistent with its natural
1
CLUP Guidebook Vol. 1, 2006
2
Serote, Property, Patrimony & Territory, 2004
3
4
CLUP Guidebook Volume 1, HLURB, 2006

qualities so that it does not lose its productivity while it is continually made to produce for the benefit
of man and other life forms that depend on it. 5
Based on the guidelines provided for in the National Framework for Physical Planning (NFPP)
2001-2030, South Cotabato’s PDPFP provides policy guidelines and options on four (4) major land
use components: 1) Protection Land Use, 2) Production Land Use, 3) Settlements Development,
and 4) Infrastructure Development.
Generally, these four policy areas correspond to the basic functional spaces every settlement or
administrative territory must provide its inhabitants: a) areas for living or settlements
development; b) areas for making a living or production areas; c) areas for facilities and
structures to connect and support the settlements and production areas or infrastructure
development; and d) the life support systems or protected areas. These four land uses may also
be further classified into the built environment referring to settlements development, infrastructure
development and production land use; and the unbuilt environment or the protection land use which
refers to the areas that are not built over but are left in their open character in order to nurture and
protect the quality of life environments.
Land use accounting of the existing land uses as of 2019 according to the four land use categories
are provided separately and specifically below.
4.1.2.1 Protection Land Use
Protection Land Use pertains to a system of functional open spaces or lands that is deliberately
kept in its open character or not built upon for its contribution in maintaining the ecological and
amenity value of the environment. Protection land use policy guidelines seek to achieve
environmental stability and ecological integrity; ensure balance between resource use and the
preservation of some areas of educational, cultural and historical significance.6
As of 2019, the total protection area of South Cotabato is 1,613.88 sq.km. composed of the
following: 1) areas belonging to the Expanded National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS)
as established by RA 11038 (MMPL), 2) forests and critical watersheds, 3) rivers and creeks, and 4)
lakes. Protection areas constitute 38.86% of the total land area of the province. Areas considered as
forestlands with slopes ranging from 18% to above 50% (hilly to very steep) comprise about 35.60%
or 1,478.30 square kilometers of the total land area.
Previously, the province has two (2) proclaimed NIPAS areas. The Allah Valley Protected
Landscape, covered by Presidential Proclamation No. 2455 (September 24, 1985), has a total land
area of 1,023.50 sq. km. spanning the provinces of South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat. Of the total
AVPL area, 1,000.90 square kilometers are in the municipalities of Tboli, Lake Sebu and Surallah in
South Cotabato. Meanwhile, the Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape (MMPL), declared under
Proclamation No. 552 (March 20, 1995), has a total area of 147.73 sq. km., of which 110.70 square
kilometers are located in the municipalities of Polomolok, Tupi and Tampakan in South Cotabato.
However, under Republic Act 11038, also known as the Expanded National Integrated Protected
Areas System (E-NIPAS) Act of 2018 (June 22, 2018), only the Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape
(MMPL) remained under NIPAS with a total land area of 13,947.00 hectares covering municipalities
in the provinces of South Cotabato and Sarangani. It must be noted, however, that of the total NIPAS
5
6
National Framework for Physical Planning 2001-2030

areas in South Cotabato of 110.70 sq. km., only 50.68 sq. km. remained protected (Table 9.2) and
the other NIPAS areas are utilized as multiple use zones.
Table 4.3 Existing Protection Land Use Accounting (in sq.km.) by Forest areas refer to areas
City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2019 within the 18% and above slope
City/ Forest/ Rivers &
NIPAS Lakes Total that are classified as either
Municipality Watersheds Creeks
production (18%-50% slope) or
Banga 61.91 3.04 64.95
Koronadal 78.95 5.5 84.45 protection (50% and above) forest,
Lake Sebu 525.02 4.15 5.50 534.67 which are outside of the NIPAS.
Norala 14.64 2.76 17.40 Forestlands – which comprise
Polomolok 26.67 14.69 26.31 67.67 second growth forests, proclaimed
Sto. Nino 4.17 4.17
Surallah 129.71 1.44 131.15 watersheds as well as
Tampakan 15.99 162.92 6.19 185.10 unproclaimed critical watersheds,
Tantangan 39.08 0.96 40.04 are protected to preserve the
Tboli 350.46 20.54 (3.04) 371.00 remaining tropical forest gene pool
Tupi 8.02 100.92 4.34 113.28
and biodiversity,
TOTAL 50.68 1,478.30 79.40 5.50 1,613.88
Source: PPDO Computation based on C/MPDO Reports, DENR, PEMO, PASU-AVPL, and prevent on-site and off-site
NAMRIA damage.7
Some of these forest areas, however, are encroached by upland communities and other uses
such as upland agricultural production and mining activities. Corn production is extensive in Lake
Sebu making it the primary producer of corn in Region XII. This, however, has environmental
implications since corn production is mostly located in mountainous areas with slope above 18%.
Moreover, about 6,000 hectares of land covered by the proclaimed Kabulnan Watershed in Brgy.
Ned, Lake Sebu have been issued with a Coal Operation Contract (COC). In South Cotabato, the
remaining forests that have not been encroached and can be found in all component local
government units except in Sto. Niňo, which does not have any forestland.
The total area covered by rivers and creeks is 79.40 sq.km. more or less while the three (3) lakes
(Lake Sebu, Lake Lahit and Lake Seloton) in Lake Sebu constitute a total of 7.57 sq.km. more or
less. The area coverage of Lake Holon in Tboli constitutes 3.04 sq. km. but is not included in the
accounting of lakes as these also form part of the AVPL proclaimed watershed, hence covered under
the protected forest areas.
Moreover, due to the economic nature of activities prevalent in Lake Sebu and Lake Seloton in
Lake Sebu, these two (2) lakes are also considered as fishery areas under the production land use.
7
Serote, Property, Patrimony and Territory, 2004

Map 4.3 Existing Protection Land Use, South Cotabato, 2018
Source: PPDO

4.1.2.2
Production Land Use
Production areas, or the spaces for making a living, are taken up by agricultural, industrial,
commercial, tourism and similar activities. Some production areas are located within the built
environment such as commercial and industrial areas, while other production activities are performed
within the unbuilt environment such as agriculture, forestry, mining and quarrying, and some forms
of tourism.
In categorizing the land uses of South Cotabato into four policy areas, commercial and industrial
land uses that are intricately intertwined into the spaces for living in built-up areas are incorporated
under the Settlements Development Land Use. Agro-industries, on the other hand, are mostly located
in large agricultural areas, hence, covered under Production Land Use. Production land use covers
the following existing uses: a) agriculture, b) fishery, and c) mining areas.
Agriculture uses include crop production, livestock production, and agro-industries such as
poultries, piggeries, rice mills, corn mills, and agro-processing. Agriculture is the primary economic
activity in the province with the prominence of crop production especially of corn, palay, and high
value commercial crops (HVCC) such as pineapple, papaya and asparagus. Agro-industrial areas
can be mostly found in Polomolok, Tupi, Tampakan, Tantangan, Banga, Tboli and Koronadal City.
In the province, fishery refers mostly to aquaculture production in the municipality of Lake Sebu,
particularly Tilapia culturing and harvesting in Lake Sebu and Lake Seloton.
Meanwhile, a vast portion of the upland areas of Tampakan and a relatively smaller portion of
Tboli are currently covered by existing approved mining contacts issued by the DENR-MGB. The
municipalities of Tampakan, Tboli and Lake Sebu have rich endowments of both metallic and non-
metallic mineral deposits as gold, silver, copper and coal. While there are formal tenement holders
with approved mining permits for exploration and production in these areas (i.e. FTAA, MPSA, EP,
small-scale mining permits), unregulated mining activities such as the practice of “banlas” or water-
jetting by illegal miners are still rampant. The number these illegal mining activities, however, reduced
over the years due to strict monitoring of the LGU and the Provincial Environment and Management
Office (PEMO) in coordination with the local military and police personnel.
Coal mining is also being explored and developed in Brgy. Ned, Lake Sebu. Of the six (6)
companies with Coal Operating Contracts (COC) issued by the Department of Energy (DoE), three
(3) companies are on development and production stage with a total area of 115 square kilometers,
while others are still on exploration stage.
The Existing Land Use reflects the actual uses of land during the base year, 2019. While
approved mining contracts have been issued by DENR-MGB and DOE in the mining areas of
Tampakan and Lake Sebu, both metallic mining and coal mining activities in these areas are currently
on hold due to the provision in the South Cotabato Environment Code banning open-pit mining in the
province. It must be emphasized that mining per se is not in conflict with the policies of the
Environment Code, but it is the method of open-pit mining that is contrary to its policies. Hence,
mining is not reflected in the existing protection land use since 2013. There are no formal or legal
mining operations in both Tampakan and Lake Sebu, but only in the municipality of Tboli.
The discourse on the environmental impacts of mining, particularly of open-pit mining as

prohibited in the 2010 Provincial Environment Code, is highly contentious and relevant especially

that mining is considered an irreversible land use, and almost all mining areas are located either in
high elevation areas or within identified critical watersheds of the province.
While mining is a viable economic activity in the province in view of its rich mineral resources,
these mining areas are also mostly located in forest areas in the uplands and some within critical
watersheds. For coal mining, almost 6,000 hectares with COC for development and production are
within the Kabulnan Watershed, a proclaimed watershed area straddling South Cotabato and Sultan
Kudarat. The need to continue to protect and conserve the watersheds and NIPAS protected areas
despite the extraction of resources is of utmost importance for the subsistence of life.
Generally, the total area covered by the existing production land uses, typically suitable only in
areas with slope below 18%, has expanded due to the encroachment of large-scale agricultural
plantations and small-holder crop production within protection areas (i.e. NIPAS areas, forestlands
and watersheds). Hence, considering the actual land uses, production land use has the largest share
of land area among the four land uses at 2,329.13 sq.km. or about 56% of the total provincial area,
followed by protection land use at 1,587.21 sq.km. or about 38%.
Table 4.4 Existing Production Land Use Accounting (in sq.km.) by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
Municipality/City Agriculture Fishery Mining Quarry TOTAL
Banga 160.55 1.03 161.58
Koronadal City 142.22 0.22 142.44
Lake Sebu 345.77 0.08 345.85
Norala 116.82 0.05 116.87
Polomolok 287.15 287.15
Sto. Nino 95.91 0.27 96.18
Surallah 156.16 0.25 0.24 0.20 156.85
Tampakan 91.59 0.11 0.1 91.80
Tboli 655.41 0.13 3.27 658.81
Tupi 177.25 0.07 177.32
TOTAL 2,323.11 1.99 3.61 0.42 2,329.13
Source: PPDO Computation based on data from OPAg, PEMO, DENR-MGB, C/MPDOs 2018
Almost all (99.74%) of the total production area is dedicated to agriculture while the remaining
smaller area is utilized for fishery (0.08%). The fishery area is mainly located in the municipality of
Lake Sebu where Lake Seloton and Lake Sebu, with a total area of 4.29 sq.km., together serve as
the major source of Tilapia in the province and the neighboring areas of the region.
The largest production areas can be found in Tboli with 658.81 sq. km. despite its relatively rolling
and mountainous topography, more or less owing to its large territorial area. Lake Sebu has the
second largest production area with 345.85 sq. km., dominantly planted with corn. On the other hand,
Tantangan and Tampakan have the least production areas with 94.28 sq. km. and 91.80 sq. km.,
respectively.

Map 4.4 Existing Production Land Use, South Cotabato, 2018
Source: PPDO

4.1.2.3 Infrastructure Development
Infrastructure areas provide a vital link between and among the different land use areas as well
as support the activities for living and those for making a living. Infrastructures may serve to (i) support
the realization of a desired urban form, (ii) fill backlogs in existing public services and utilities, (iii)
upgrade the quality of urban services, (iv) ensure access and equalize social and economic
opportunities, (v) reduce vulnerability of people to natural and man-made disasters, and (vi) support
increased economic production.8 Hence, infrastructure development serves as the backbone of
economic progress providing access to production areas and markets as well as enabling convenient
transportation of goods and people.
Infrastructure development in the context of this PDPFP refers to technical infrastructure that
forms part of the physical capital stock of the economy and used as basic input into productive and
social activities such as transportation, telecommunication, energy, water and waste management
facilities. This land use category includes areas occupied by transport facilities such as roads and
transport terminals as well as major utilities as power, water, telecommunications and waste
management facilities.
Of the six (6) technical infrastructure uses (Table 4.1.5), transportation covers the widest land
area in South Cotabato with a total of 60.82 sq. km. more or less, combining the areas of roads and
transport terminals. National, provincial, city/municipal and barangay roads together occupy an
estimated land area of 63.20 square kilometers. The area occupied by the road network was
estimated using the data on existing road lengths and the minimum standard width for the different
road classifications.
Water facilities mostly include existing Level III pumping stations, covering a total occupied area
of around 0.0116 sq.km. Power facilities, with an approximate area of 0.1036 sq. km. comprise the
sub-stations of the South Cotabato Electric Cooperative 1 and II, the 8-hectares solar power plant in
Surallah and the diesel power plant in Koronadal City. Telecommunication areas pertain to cell sites
as reported by telecommunications companies such as Smart, Globe and Digitel (Sun).
As facilities for solid waste management, Sanitary Landfills occupy a total area of 0.750 square
kilometers. These include the 6-hectare Clustered Sanitary Landfill (SLF) in Surallah, the 5-hectare
Clustered SLF in Polomolok and the 12-hectare Sanitary Landfill in Korondal City.
The total infrastructure area in South Cotabato is approximately 64.064 sq.km. constituting only
about 1.54% of the provincial total land area.
Among the component LGUs, Koronadal City has the largest infrastructure development area
with 16.508 sq.km.; the municipalities of Surallah and Polomolok follow at second and third with
11.481 sq. km. and 8.60 sq. km., respectively. On the other hand, the municipalities of Lake Sebu
and Banga are at the bottom in terms of infrastructure development areas. This can be attributed to
Lake Sebu’s mountainous topography, and Banga’s relatively vast agricultural area.
Moderately adequate power and telecommunications facilities are distributed across the eleven
(11) component LGUs of South Cotabato but universal electrification is yet to be achieved especially
in sitios and barangays located in remote mountainous/upland areas. Most of these geographically-
challenged communities can be found in Lake Sebu (i.e. Barangay Ned) and Tboli (i.e. Barangay
Tudok).
8

Table 4.5 Existing Infrastructure Land Use Accounting (in has.) by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
City/ Roads Transport Water Power Telecom SLF Total
Municipality Terminals
Banga 304.70 0.30 0.03 0.40 0.00 0.00 305.43
Koronadal
1,636.10 0.70 0.24 1.74 0.00 12.00 1,650.78
City
Lake Sebu 210.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 211.00
Norala 316.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 316.06
Polomolok 853.50 1.00 0.47 0.07 0.00 5.00 860.04
Sto. Nino 386.90 1.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 50.00 437.96
Surallah 1,129.80 4.00 0.19 8.11 0.00 6.00 1,148.10
Tampakan 375.90 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 378.00
Tantangan 395.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 395.00
Tboli 349.90 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 350.00
Tupi 353.90 0.00 0.11 0.04 0.00 0.00 354.05
TOTAL 6,312.20 7.70 1.16 10.36 0.00 75.00 6,406.42
Source: PPDO Computation based on data from PEO, MPDOs/MEOs, DPWH, TelOf, PEMO, SOCOTECO, Local Water Districts

Map 4.5 Existing Major Infrastructure Facilities, South Cotabato, 2018
Source: PPDO

Map 4.6 Existing Infrastructure Land Use, South Cotabato, 2018
Source: PPDO

4.1.2.4 Settlements Development
Settlements are “areas where concentrations of population engage in economic, political, cultural
and other social activities.”9 As spaces for living, settlements vary from small, agriculture-based
villages to metropolitan urban centers that serve as industrial, market, and administrative centers.
Moreover, Settlements Development focuses on the spatial distribution of shelter, infrastructure,
networks and services. Its primary concerns are to help ensure (a) an effective integration of activities
within and among settlements allowing efficient production and movement of people and
commodities through the provision of appropriate land, infrastructure, and facilities; and (b) the
access of the population to housing, education, health care, recreation, transportation and
communication, sanitation, and basic utilities such as water, power, waste disposal and other
services.10
In the context of this Plan, settlements development primarily pertains to the built-up areas
characterized by the effective integration and interplay of functions between the residential areas as
spaces for living, and the immediate surrounding elements that provide the needs of inhabitants such
as commercial areas, institutional facilities as schools, hospitals and government offices, and parks
and playgrounds as areas for play and recreation.
A total of 119.20 square kilometers or 2.87% of the provincial total land area is occupied by built-
up areas, comprising mostly of residential, commercial, institutional and industrial uses, as well as,
park and playgrounds, cemeteries and cockpits (Map 4.7). The bulk of these areas can be found
along major thoroughfares and within the primary road networks.
Koronadal City, with its role as the capital town of the province and seat of regional administration of
SOCCSKSARGEN or Region XII, has the largest settlement land use area with 33.60 sq. km. more
or less, constituting 12.50% of its total territory. Employment opportunities, the availability of social
services and the transfer of regional offices to Koronadal City propel the utilization of and demand
for settlement areas.
Table 4.6 Existing Settlements Land Use Accounting (in Surallah has the second largest built-up
sq.km.) by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018 areas with 11.62 sq. km. as brought about by
City/ Total Land Settlements % to Total population influx due to employment
Municipality Area Development Land Area opportunities provided by multi-national
Banga 240.35 10.77 4.48% companies as DOLE Philippines with vast
Koronadal 277.00 33.60 12.13% pineapple and banana plantations.
Lake Sebu 891.76 9.13 1.02%
Meanwhile, Tantangan comes third with
Norala 194.40 3.81 1.96%
11.47 sq.km. as a result of both in-migration
Polomolok 347.10 10.35 2.98%
and urban spill from nearby cities of
Sto. Niño 109.72 4.99 4.55%
Surallah 311.10 Koronadal and Tacurong. This urban
11.62 3.74%
Tampakan 288.11 7.43 2.58% hierarchy is directly proportional to LGU
Tantangan 149.74 11.47 7.66% ranking in terms of population size based on
Tboli 1,041.61 8.30 0.80% the PSA-NSO 2010 Census.
Tupi 301.87 7.73 2.56%
TOTAL 4,152.76
On the other hand, the municipalities of
119.20 2.87%
Source: PPDO Computation, C/MPDO Reports Sto. Niňo and Norala have the least
settlement land use areas with only 4.99 sq.
km. and 3.81 sq. km., respectively. Both LGUs are at the bottom three (3) in terms of total land area
9
National Framework for Physical Planning (2001-2030)
10
National Framework for Physical Planning (2001-2030)

covered and are dominantly characterized by agricultural communities with urban activities mostly
found in the ‘poblacion area’.
While South Cotabato is still primarily agriculture-based, the province is gradually urbanizing
since about 43% of the population lives in urban areas compared to the 57% in rural barangays
based on the 2015 PSA Census. Despite this, the province is still dominantly comprised of
agriculture-based communities where rural families reside close to their farms. Urban centers
primarily serve as markets for agricultural products or hubs for trade and industry, sources of local
level social services and amenities as well as recreation. Built-up areas are often located in the
poblacion along with other facilities such as schools and hospitals.
In the existing urban hierarchy, Koronadal City and Polomolok serves as the Primary Urban
Center while Surallah is identified as the Alternate Urban Center. Both of these LGUs display rapid
urbanization and economic progress. Banga and Tupi is considered a minor urban center with high
potentials for growth. Tantangan, Norala and Sto.Niňo serve as Emerging Urban Center for agri-
industrial development. Finally, both Tampakan, Tboli and Lake Sebu are identified as Emerging
Urban Center for agri-industry-tourism development. Topography, critical infrastructure and the
culture of the people mostly influence settlement patterns in these higher altitude localities.
4.1.2.5 Overall Existing Land Use
The overall existing land use of South Cotabato shows the current trend of land development as
allocated into four (4) broad competing uses (Map 4.8). Among the four (4) land use policy areas,
production land uses, dominantly agriculture and agro-industries, occupy the largest share at 56.72%
of the total provincial land area. This is followed by protection land use with 38.86% of the total land
area. The vast NIPAS proclaimed areas, forests and critical watersheds largely comprise the
protection areas. Settlement and infrastructure developments, which together form part of the built-
up zone, only comprise around 4.41% of the total provincial land. While the province may seem to
have adequate land resource for urban expansion, it must be noted that available areas are
constrained by the land’s susceptibility to natural hazards as well as by the need to delineate critical
areas to be protected and preserved in their current state or use for their economic or ecological
value.
Table 4.7 Existing Land Use Categories by Area (sq.km.) per City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
City/
Production % Protection % Settlements % Infra % TOTAL
Municipality
Banga 161.58 67.23 64.95 27.0 10.77 4.48 3.0543 1.27 240.35
Koronadal 142.44 51.42 84.45 30.4 33.60 12.13 16.5078 5.96 277.00
Lake Sebu 345.85 38.78 534.67 59.96 9.13 1.02 2.11 0.24 891.76
Norala 170.03 87.46 17.4 8.95 3.81 1.96 3.1606 1.63 194.40
Polomolok 260.48 75.04 67.67 19.50 10.35 2.98 8.6004 2.48 347.10
Sto. Niño 96.18 87.66 4.17 3.80 4.99 4.55 4.3796 3.99 109.72
Surallah 156.85 50.42 131.15 42.16 11.62 3.74 11.481 3.69 311.10
Tampakan 91.8 31.86 185.1 64.25 7.43 2.58 3.78 1.31 288.11
Tantangan 94.28 62.9 40.04 26.74 11.47 7.66 3.95 2.64 149.74
Tboli 658.81 63.25 371 35.62 8.30 0.80 3.50 0.34 1041.61
Tupi 177.32 58.74 113.28 37.53 7.73 2.56 3.5405 1.17 301.87
TOTAL 2,355.62 56.72 1,613.88 38.86 119.20 2.87 64.0642 1.54 4,152.76
Source: PPDO Computation based on data from various sources

Among the eleven (11) component city and municipalities, the three largest towns in terms of land
area (i.e. Tboli, Lake Sebu and Polomolok) also figure as the top three municipalities with the largest
areas utilized for production uses. However, comparing the share of land uses within every individual
town, the municipalities with majority of their land utilized for production areas compared to the other
municipalities are Sto. Niño (87.66%) and Norala (87.46%). The production areas of Lake Sebu and
Tboli, while having the biggest areas for production compared to the other towns, only account for
38.78% and 63.25% of their individual total land areas, respectively.
For protection land use, Lake Sebu (534.67 sq.km.) and Tboli (371 sq.km) cover the largest areas
compared to the other municipalities, as well as in comparison to the other land uses within their
individual territories. Protection areas cover around 59.96% of the total land area of Lake Sebu, and
around 35.62% of Tboli’s total land area.
Among the component LGUs, Koronadal City has the largest built-up areas being the provincial
capital of the province covering 33.60 sq.km, followed by Surallah, the alternate urban center, with
11.62 sq.km. Looking within the individual city/municipality, Koronadal City (12.13%), Tantangan
(7.66%) and Sto. Niño (4.55%) are the top three LGUs with the biggest share of settlement
development areas compared to the other municipalities.

Map 4.7 Existing Settlement Development Areas, Province of South Cotabato, 2018
Source: PPDO

Map 4.8 Overall Existing Land Use Map, 2018
Source: PPDO

4.1.3 Land Use Trends
The trends in land use of the province provide insights into the rate of change as well as the
causes and consequences for land cover change. Drivers or factors for land use changes may be
social, political, economic, or bio-physical in nature. Table 9.7 presents the comparative land use
accounting per category for the years 2007, 2013 and 2018. It is very challenging to make logical
comparison and accurate establishment of land use trends based on these data due to discrepancies
in the total land areas per city/municipalities and the overall provincial territory for the three periods
being compared. The total land area accounted for in 2007 was only 2,973.81 sq.km., then it
increased to 3,705.89 sq.km. in 2013 and increased again to a total of 4,152.76 sq.km. in 2018. The
change in total land area does not mean that there was an increase in the actual land area, per se,
but merely due to advancement in technology particularly in GIS-based mapping resulting to a more
accurate delineation of boundaries and land area computation.
With the discrepancies in the land area, the trends across land uses seem erratic making it quite
difficult to conclusively infer and identify clear-cut positive or negative trends. However, by comparing
the percentage share of each land use over the total land area, it was undeniably notable that land
uses in some LGUs have significant positive variances which shows the direction of land
development in the area over the decade.
Based on Figure 4.1, the variance in the percentage share of land uses over the three (3) planning
periods at the provincial level, is relatively small. The percentage share of production land use has
slightly reduced by 3% since 2007 while protection land use increased by 4% and infrastructure
development reduced by mere 1%. Nevertheless, the minimal changes in development especially of
production land use simply shows that for over a decade, the province remains to have an agriculture-
based economy and has a very low urbanization rate.
In terms of settlement and infrastructure land uses, a slight increase in land use areas was
observed in Tantangan (6%), Tampakan (3%), City of Koronadal (2%), and Tupi (1%) showed; a
slight decrease were observed in Polomolok (1%), Sto. Niňo (2%), and Surallah (3%); and, relatively
no changes were observed in Banga, Lake Sebu, and Tboli.
The City of Koronadal expectedly shows an increase in built-up areas based on comparative
percentage share of each land use. However in terms of actual land area, the values declined by
3.68% from 52.02 sq.km. in 2013 to 50.11 sq.km. in 2018. Surprisingly, the soon-to-be city of
Polomolok and the aspiring soon-to-be city of Surallah shows a relative decline both in the
percentage share and actual land areas for settlements and infrastructure. There might not be an
actual decrease in built-up areas of these municipalities, only that there have been a more recent
accurate accounting of built-up areas using advance information technology (IT) applications such
as GIS and Google Earth compared to the estimates made in 2007 and 2013. There might also be
infilling and densification of urban spaces. Similar development trend is also true with other
municipalities since there was no significant growth in their built-up areas.
In terms of protection land use, the percentage share of land uses in Figure 4.1 shows that
majority of the city/municipalities has increased percentage share except for Norala (10%),
Tantangan (7%) and Tboli (16%) which shows significant reduction of protection land use and Sto.
Niňo that did not register any changes between 2007 and 2018 percentage share. The shift to
sustainable development and DRR-CCA enhanced-based planning among LGUs contributed to the
increase in the protection land use areas through proper and required delineation of easements,
declared and undeclared watersheds and other protection and conservation areas particularly the
Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape in Polomolok and Allah Valley Protected Landscape.

Figure 4.1: Comparative Percentage Share of Land Use Areas per City/Municipality and Province, 2007, 2013 & 2018
Source: PPDO

On the other hand, although the percentage share for protection land use of Tboli and Sto. Niňo
appears to be decreasing, the actual land use areas (Table 4.7) of both municipalities tells otherwise.
In fact, the protection land use areas of Tboli increased from 217.16 sq.km. in 2007 to 371.00 sq.km.
in 2019 and for Sto. Niňo, it increased from 3.75 sq.km. in 2007 to 4.17 sq.km. in 2018. The
discrepancies could be attributed to the variance in the total land areas of these municipalities
between 2007 and 2018. Tboli has a total land area of 417.27 sq.km. in 2007 and 1041.61 sq.km. in
2018 while Sto. Niňo has a total land area of 93.23 sq.km. in 2007 and 109.72 sq.km. in 2018.
The municipalities of Norala, Sto. Niňo, Tantangan and Tboli are the only municipalities that
shows a significant increase in both the percentage share and the actual land use areas of production
land use over other land uses, between the planning periods 2007 and 2018. The City of Koronadal,
Banga and Tampakan shows a significant reduction in both the percentage share and the actual land
use areas, while, the municipalities of Lake Sebu, Polomolok, Surallah and Tupi shows a reduction
in the percentage share but the actual land areas are actually increasing. The increase in actual
production land area, however, may not necessarily be attributed to relevant socio- economic growth
but may be attributed to the variance in the total land area of the municipalities between 2007 and
2018 (refer to Table 4.8).

Table 4.8 Comparative Land Use Areas and Variance (in square kilometer) by City/ Municipality, South Cotabato, 2007, 2013 and 2018
SETTLEMENTS AND 2007 2013 2018
City/ PROTECTION PRODUCTION +/- %
INFRASTRUCTURE TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL
Municipality
2007 2013 2018 +/- % 2007 2013 2018 +/- % 2007 2013 2018 +/- %
Banga 41.36 65.50 64.95 -0.84 215.16 159.12 161.58 1.55 16 15.73 13.82 -12.12 278.85 240.35 240.35 0.00
Koronadal 25.01 59.39 84.45 42.20 221.05 172.84 142.44 -17.59 48.17 52.02 50.11 -3.68 310.73 284.25 277.00 -2.55
Lake Sebu 434.68 658.78 534.67 -18.84 321.55 218.74 345.85 58.11 7.77 13.86 11.24 -18.90 768.73 891.38 891.76 0.04
Norala 22.71 37.07 17.40 -53.06 12 148.64 170.03 14.39 10.47 8.69 6.97 -19.79 49.95 194.40 194.40 0.00
Polomolok 30.44 29.33 67.67 130.72 242.72 293.20 260.48 -11.16 16.52 17.44 18.95 8.66% 295.20 339.97 347.10 2.10
Sto. Niño 3.75 0.50 4.17 734.00 76.93 100.33 96.18 -4.14% 9.26 8.21 9.37 14.12 93.23 109.04 109.72 0.62
Surallah 50.55 99.49 131.15 31.82 104.08 125.40 156.85 25.08 18.43 16.11 23.10 43.40 179.54 241.00 311.10 29.09
Tampakan 85.99 119.12 185.10 55.39 162.38 110.93 91.8 -17.25 4.98 12.45 11.21 -9.96 256.96 242.50 288.11 18.81
Tantangan 41.01 11.32 40.04 253.71 76.33 104.43 94.28 -9.72% 5.29 10.25 15.42 50.44 126.71 126.00 149.74 18.84
Tboli 217.16 400.23 371.00 -7.30 192.52 397.00 658.81 65.95 5.49 11.77 11.80 0.25% 417.27 809.00 1041.61 28.75
Tupi 55.83 51.11 113.28 121.64 131.13 167.12 177.32 6.10% 6.14 9.77 11.27 15.36 196.64 228.00 301.87 32.40
TOTAL 1,008.49 1,531.84 1,613.88 5.36 1,755.85 1,997.75 2,355.62 17.91 148.52 176.30 183.26 3.95% 2,973.81 3,705.89 4,152.76 12.06
Source: PPDO

| 4-26
4.1.4 Land Use Potentials and Constraints
The classification of land into public or alienable and disposable (A&D), its suitability to different
specific crops, and susceptibility to various natural hazards based on its bio-physical and geological
features are determining factors that must be considered in identifying either the potentials or
constraints of the province’s land resources to different competing uses – whether at the upland or
urban ecosystem.
4.1.4.1 Land Classification
Land classification refers to the system of logically arranging different categories and sub-
categories of land use based on the ownership of land as public or private, on capability or suitability,
and other factors (Serote, 2004).
Following the old land classification system prior to the effectivity of the 1987 Philippine Constitution,
total provincial land is classified into two (2): Alienable and Disposable (A&D) and
Forestland/Timberland. In the new land classification scheme implemented by virtue of the 1987
Constitution, all lands are divided into private lands and lands of the public domain. Lands of the
public domain are further classified into A&D and the Non-A&D. Forestlands or timberlands now
belong to the non-A&D, together with national parks and mineral lands. South Cotabato’s land use
classification per city/municipality is provided in the table below .
Table 4.9 Land Classification and Area by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2015
Forestland/
Certified A & D % to Total % to Total Total Land
City/Municipality Timberland
(sq. Km.) City/Mun. Area City/Mun. Area Area
(sq. Km.)
Banga 175.20 73% 65.15 27% 240.35
Koronadal City 191.85 69% 85.15 31% 277.00
Lake Sebu 65.13 7% 826.63 93% 891.76
Norala 176.53 91% 17.87 9% 194.40
Polomolok 294.67 85% 52.43 15% 347.10
Sto. Nino 109.72 100% 0% 109.72
Surallah 173.92 56% 137.18 44% 311.10
Tampakan 120.95 42% 167.16 58% 288.11
Tantangan 104.30 70% 45.44 30% 149.74
Tboli 154.25 15% 887.36 85% 1,041.61
Tupi 196.34 65% 105.53 35% 301.87
TOTAL 1,762.86 42% 2,389.90 58% 4,152.76
Source: DENR
Fifty eight percent (58%) of the total land area of South Cotabato is classified as
Forestland/Timberland stretching to a total of 2,389.90 sq. km. while the remaining 42% is Alienable
and Disposable (A&D) land with a total land area of 1,762.86 sq. km. Considered as lands of the
public domain, forestlands remain in the hands of the State. The State sub-classifies forestlands to
determine what areas may be utilized for productive uses, or shall be set aside for protection and
conservation purposes. In essence, forestlands could not anymore be potentially considered as
urbanizable lands, or “sites and land areas which, considering present characteristics and prevailing
conditions, display a marked and high probability of becoming urban lands within the period of five to
ten years.”11 Instead, these areas shall be protected for their ecological value as life support system,
to be preserved or even developed but within the limits of sustainable development and in adherence
to important resource conservation measures.
11
PD 1517, Proclaiming Urban Land Reform in the Philippines and Providing for the Implementing Machinery Thereof, 1978

Most of the forestland/timberland can be found in Lake Sebu and Tboli. This is basically attributed
to them being part of the Allah Valley Protected Landscape. Only the municipality of Sto. Niňo does
not have any forestland/timberland.
The A&D lands, which are the only areas available for urban development, can be released to
private claimants for various urban uses such as agricultural, residential, commercial, industrial, and
institutional uses. These are, however, still subject to State regulation and can be reacquired by the
State for various public uses through expropriation or the exercise of the power of eminent domain.
The Municipalities of Sto. Niňo, which is entirely composed of A & D land, Norala (91%) and
Polomolok (85%), are the top three (3) municipalities with the largest percentage share of A&D lands
out of their city/municipal total land area. Polomolok, Tupi and City of Koronadal have the largest A
& D land areas in the province.
4.1.4.2 Land Suitability
The concept of land suitability is often used interchangeably with that of land capability. Capability
pertains to the ability of a particular land mapping unit (LMU) to support a general activity type while
suitability is assessed with respect to a specific crop.12 For South Cotabato, suitability of land is
categorized in terms of the suitable flora primarily based topography, hydrogeology and soil
characteristics as determined with the help of the Office of the Provincial Agriculturist.
Table 4.10 Land Suitability Classification by Land Area and Due to its general topography,
Percentage, South Cotabato, 2013 hydrogeology and soil characteristics, a
Land Suitability % to Total Land
Area (sq.km.) large portion of South Cotabato’s land is
Classification Area
Cultivated Annual suitable for agricultural production
436.24 11.77
Crops specifically irrigated rice/fishpond with an
Forestry Plantation 143.29 3.87 approximate total area of 1,171.58 sq. km.,
Irrigated/Rain-fed production forests/agro-forestry with 646.10
Riceland / 1,221.52 32.96
Cropland/Fishponds sq. km., and cultivated annual crops with
Pastures 349.59 9.43 386.31 sq. km. The remaining land area,
Perennial Trees/Vine constituting roughly 32%, is suitable for
859.21 23.18
Crops forestry plantation, perennial tress/crop
Production Forests 696.04 18.78
vines and pastures.
TOTAL 3,705.89 100.00
Source: PPDO Computation based on the 2010 South Cotabato
SEP
12

Map 4.9 Land Classification Map of South Cotabato, 2015
Source: PPDO

Map 4.10 Land Suitability Map of South Cotabato, 2013
Source: PPDO

4.1.4.3 Development Constraints: Existing Land Use Exposure to Natural Hazards
In view of the national mandate to mainstream the disaster risk reduction and climate change
adaptation measures in local development plans, assessment of locational or spatial vulnerability
with consideration to its socio-economic development and assets, to various natural hazards is
determined as part of the provinces’ development constraints. South Cotabato is vulnerable to
various hazards such as flooding, rainfall-induced landslide (RIL), ground shaking, earthquake-
induced landslide and volcanic eruption.
This section primarily illustrates and analyzes how these hazards may affect development
direction and to what extent relative to the four land use policy areas of South Cotabato. Using sieve
mapping or overlay technique, the overall existing land use of the province - consisting of protection
land use, production land use, settlements development and infrastructure development, was
assessed in view of its exposure to five (5) major natural hazards in the province.
The presence of three mountain ranges cutting across the middle (Roxas) and the eastern
(Quezon) and western (Daguma) sides of South Cotabato results in the natural formation of two
major valleys: Koronadal Valley and Allah Valley. The existence of these two valleys form a beautiful
topography of the province notwithstanding the its contribution to the flourishing flora and fauna and
rich mineral content.
However, these beautiful and resource-rich land of South Cotabato becomes vulnerable to
devastating impacts of natural hazards being aggravated by climate change extremes and poor land
use planning. Thus, these are the reasons why settlement areas are affected where the most
vulnerable sectors of the society are located such as the poor, children, old people, pregnant, sick,
women, etc. Other resources such as agriculture, commercial and infrastructure areas also embraced
the adverse impacts. Impacts to local development are due to the following: 1) flooding in the
lowlands or valleys/plains; 2) landslides in the uplands or mountain ranges; 3) volcanic eruption due
to the presence of two active volcanoes; and 4) ground shaking due to the presence of active fault
lines and volcanoes.
Areas that are prone to natural hazards are considered as environmentally-constrained areas or
ECAS. The areas with the highest degree of susceptibility to hazards have been identified and
measured according to the existing classification of land use as shown in the succeeding tables.
Crucial in guiding decisions for the proposed land uses and future development thrusts is the
presence of hydrometeorological and geologic hazards aggravated by climate change extremes, as
well as the level of sectoral vulnerability with the existing varying degrees of various climate change
adaptation and mitigation measures of the locality.
Based on the assessment, South Cotabato has the following vulnerability index to the existing
natural hazards affecting the four (4) land uses in the province (protection, production, settlements,
and infrastructure): (1) Flooding: highly susceptible (low-lying areas and meandering to rivers); (2)
Rain-Induced Landslide: highly susceptible (high elevated areas); (3) Ground Shaking and
Earthquake-induced landslide: highly susceptible (areas along the active faults); Volcanic Eruption:
(affected are those within the 50 kilometer diameter or 25km radius from the crater or classified as
those areas within the permanent danger zone, and high danger zone for pyroclastic flows, areas
prone to lahar deposition, and pyroclastic buffer zone.

High risk areas are those with high susceptibility or vulnerability to natural hazards
(hydrometeorologic and geologic), hence, high prioritization must be in place. High risk areas to
natural hazards are considered environmentally-constrained areas (ECAs) and, if possible, must not
be built-upon in order to ensure the protection and safety of lives and resources. Instead, long term
non-structural measures such as forest rehabilitation or resource conservation must be aggressively
pursued in these areas.
Different levels of mitigating measures must also be in place in other areas exposed to risks. For
areas with low to medium risks to hazards, urban uses and built-up areas can still be located and
even encouraged but with certain amounts of both structural or engineering and non-structural or
ecological mitigating measures. In situations where it is improbable to relocate an entire village or
already existing communities within high-risk areas, “In situ” management through the establishment
of climate-resilient infrastructures (such as but not limited to high-level structural mitigating measures-
provision of flood control and slope stabilization measures in flood or landslide prone areas) coupled
with sustainable, climate-proof, resilient, green strategies must be established.
4.1.4.3.1 Susceptibility of Existing Land Use to Flooding
Generally, the lowland areas of all city/municipalities are highly susceptible to flooding. As shown
in Map 4.11, areas that are susceptible to hazards include Koronadal City and Tantangan (in the
lower valley), and Norala, Sto. Niño, Banga, Surallah (in upper valley), with moderate to high
susceptibility. Among the four (4) land uses in the province, production land use with 212.93 sq. km.
is the most affected followed by protection land use (42.55 sq. km.), settlement (8.55 sq. km) and
infrastructure (3.42 sq. km.). Production or agricultural areas are dominantly located in low-lying
areas, followed by protection uses which include major rivers and floodplains as well as huge portions
of the AVPL that are downstream of watersheds.
Protection areas in Tboli is the most affected at 22 sq. km while Sto. Niño ranked at the bottom.
In terms of production areas, Norala is highly hit with 78.79 sq. km. of its production areas considered
vulnerable to flooding while portions of production area in Koronadal City at 0.95 sq. km. is the least
vulnerable. While Koronadal City is the administrative seat of the region with settlements at a great
extent, it is surprising that Banga instead has the highest affected settlement area at 1.98 sq. km.
while Sto. Niño has the least affected settlement are with 0.067 sq. km. In terms of infrastructure, the
Municipality of Norala – although rural in nature, has the most susceptible area to flooding at 1.27
sq. km., while Sto. Niño has none.
Considering the four (4) land uses, Norala posted the most susceptible to flooding among the
(11) LGUs in the province having 83.44 sq. km. or 31% of its land areas are susceptible to flooding,
followed by Tboli with 57.57 sq. km. (21%), Banga with 39.66 sq. km. (15%), Polomolok with 25 sq.
km. (9%), Tantangan with 19 sq. km. (7%), Lake Sebu with 10.54 sq. km. (3.9%), Surallah with 9.96
sq. km. (3.7%), Sto. Niño with 9 sq. km. (3.3%), Tupi with 6.26 sq. km (2.3%), Tampakan with 5.28
sq. km. (1.97), and Koronadal City with 1.43 sq. km. (0.53%).
It can be observed that the three LGUs (Norala, Tboli, Banga) that are highly susceptible to
flooding considering the four land uses are those in the upper valley and part of the Allah Valley
Protected Landscape. It is followed by Polomolok from the other side of the province. The
identification of the LGUs’ susceptibility to flooding is only based on the assessment of the DENR-
MGB XII, thus the impacts of climate change extremes that could aggravate the flooding scenarios
in every community must not be overlooked, instead it must be considered and be included in local
planning and development.

Table 4.11 Land Use Areas (in sq.km) Highly Susceptible to Flooding by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
City/Municipality Protection Production Settlements Infrastructure Total Affected Areas Rank
Banga 2.39 34.85 1.98 0.44 39.66 3
Koronadal 0.06 0.95 0.29 0.12 1.43 11
Lake Sebu 0.89 9.08 0.45 0.13 10.54 6
Norala 2.32 78.79 1.06 1.27 83.44 1
Polomolok 4.83 17.93 2.13 0.32 25.21 4
Sto. Niño 0.00 8.98 0.07 0.00 9.05 8
Surallah 1.55 7.21 0.66 0.54 9.96 7
Tampakan 1.26 3.77 0.14 0.10 5.28 10
Tantangan 5.96 12.42 0.66 0.00 19.04 5
Tboli 22.86 33.66 0.93 0.13 57.57 2
Tupi 0.43 5.29 0.19 0.36 6.27 9
TOTAL 42.55 212.93 8.56 3.42 267.46
Source: PPDO
Map 4.11 Susceptibility of Existing Land Use to Flooding
Source: PPDO, 2020
4.1.4.3.2 Susceptibility of Existing Land Use to Rain-induced Landslide
Areas with steep slopes are naturally those that are highly susceptible to landslides, caused
either by rain or earthquakes. The mountainous areas of Tboli and Lake Sebu in the upper valley
area, where mostly its protection land uses, are most susceptible to RIL in the entire province,
covering land areas of 480 sq.km. and 244 sq.km., respectively as shown in Table 4.12. There are
other areas in the province however, that are also prone to landslides due to the presence of
mountain ranges in its locality such as Surallah, Koronadal City, Tampakan, Tupi, Banga and
Polomolok as shown in Map 4.12.
In terms of production areas, still Tboli (199.80 sq. km.) and Lake Sebu (102.64 sq. km.) are
considered vulnerable to RIL including portions of Banga (88.45 sq. km.), Polomolok (59.62 sq. km.),
Tupi (51.48 sq. km.), Tampakan (48.64 sq. km.), Norala (41.79 sq. km.). Sto. Niño which does not
have any mountains, and the mostly flat to rolling municipalities of Norala and Tantangan are the
least susceptible areas to RIL. These three municipalities are also the LGUs with the least land area
for mountains or forestlands. Consequently, among the land uses, protection land use comprising
mostly of forestlands with slope 18% and above would be the most susceptible to landslides
comprising a total exposed area of 785 sq.km. or more than half (53%) of the total areas exposed to
risks of landslide. It is followed by production land use (643.57 sq. km.), infrastructure (29 sq. km.),
and settlement (12.72 sq. km).
In terms of settlement, areas which are vulnerable to RIL is Koronadal City with 4.88 sq. km,
Banga (2.23 sq. km.), Surallah (2 sq. km.), and Tboli (1.52 sq. km.). Deemed as dangerous to have
settlement areas in steep slopes, this must be addressed by the local authorities. As to infrastructure
areas, considering that Koronadal City is highly urbanizing, it is also susceptible to RIL with 25.95 sq.
km. of its infrastructure areas in RIL hazard prone areas.
Except Sto. Niño, all LGUs in the province are susceptible to RIL It can be observed that the
three LGUs (Tboli, Lake Sebu, Surallah) that are highly susceptible to flooding considering the four
land uses are those in the upper valley also the watershed areas. It is followed by Koronadal City
from the lower valley, and Tampakan and Tupi from the other side of the province.
The identification of the LGUs’ susceptibility to RIL is only based on the assessment of the
DENR-MGB XII, thus the impacts of climate change extremes that could aggravate the landslide
scenarios in every community must not be overlooked, instead it must be considered and be included
in local planning and development.
Table 4.12 Land Use Areas (in sq.km) Highly Susceptible to Rain-induced Landslide by City/Municipality, South Cotabato,
2018
Total Affected
City/Municipality Protection Production Settlements Infrastructure Rank
Areas
Banga 0.63 88.46 2.23 0.04 91.36 7
Koronadal 60.93 27.35 4.88 25.95 119.12 4
Lake Sebu 140.95 102.64 0.61 0.01 244.22 2
Norala 13.27 41.80 0.14 0.31 55.52 9
Polomolok 20.14 59.62 0.61 0.43 80.80 8
Sto. Niño 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11
Surallah 112.32 17.68 2.00 0.42 132.42 3
Tampakan 67.33 48.64 0.43 0.90 117.30 5
Tantangan 31.23 6.12 0.23 0.00 37.59 10
Tboli 279.01 199.77 1.53 0.14 480.45 1
Tupi 59.56 51.49 0.05 0.80 111.90 6
TOTAL 785.37 643.57 12.72 29.01 1,470.67
Source: PPDO

Map 4.12 Susceptibility of Existing Land Use to Rain-induced Landslide
Source: PPDO, 2020
4.1.4.3.3 Susceptibility of Existing Land Use to Ground shaking
Geologic events especially the occurrence of earthquakes is still difficult to predict at these
modern times even the use of the most advance or state-of the art technology from developed
countries. Historically (early 1950s and below), the province of South Cotabato has been hardly hit
by earthquakes including the recent series of account in October 2019- these having a country
located along the Pacific Ring of fire, where active faults surround the entire archipelago.
One of the most destructive hazards resulting from the occurrence of earthquake is ground
shaking the disrupting up-down and sideways motion of the earth's surface. The intensity of ground
movement during an earthquake, which is measured as peak ground acceleration, depends on its
magnitude, the distance of the area from the epicenter of the earthquake and the area's surface
geology. In South Cotabato, ground shaking would most likely occur in areas traversed by its active
faults.
Considering the active faults in the province such the biggest Mindanao-Daguma Fault,
production land use among the four land uses is the most susceptible to ground shaking affecting
around 2,627.32 sq. km., being known that South Cotabato is primarily agricultural. It is followed by
protection land use at 1, 139.22 sq. km., settlements (144.62 sq. km.), and infrastructure (101.35 sq.
km.).
In terms of protection land use, Tboli (309 sq. km.), Lake Sebu (283.67 sq. km.), Surallah (125.28
sq. km.) and Tampakan (121.28 sq. km.) are the most susceptible to ground shaking, except Sto.
Niño. As to production land use, Tboli (584 sq. km.), Lake Sebu (539 sq.km.), Polomolok (261 sq.
km), Tupi (221 sq. km.), Banga (213 sq. km.) are among the most susceptible although some parts
of the production areas of LGUs can be affected at a certain level. The settlement areas of highly
populated or urbanizing LGUs such as Koronadal City (37 sq. km.) and Polomolok (25 sq. km.) are
the most susceptible to the impacts of ground shaking. Other urbanizing LGUs are Surallah (17 sq.
km.), Tupi (13 sq. km.), Tboli (12 sq. km.) and Banga (11 sq. km.). Areas with majority of its
infrastructures are located in highly susceptible areas in the province to ground shaking are Surallah
(35 sq. km.), Koronadal City (33 sq. km.), and Tupi (12 sq. km). In general, among the top 5 LGUs
that are most susceptible to ground shaking are Tboli (910 sq. km), Lake Sebu (835 sq. km.),
Polomolok (335 sq. km.), Surallah (334 sq. km.), and Koronadal City (332 sq. km).
Overall, the impacts of earthquake cross along borders and it does not work in isolation. The
susceptibility of each LGU to ground shaking must not be ignored. Each of the LGUs have different
topography, development pattern in terms of locating its existing and future settlements, infrastructure
development, and the use of its protection and production land uses within its boundary. Given this
scenario, still earthquakes will have direct and indirect impacts to all areas but the damage can
avoided, if not, limited or controlled should proper interventions or measures be done.
Table 4.13 Land Use Areas (sq.km) Highly Susceptible to Ground shaking by City/Municipality, 2018
Total Affected
Area
Banga 2.48 213.93 11.67 1.43 229.51 8
Koronadal 90.48 170.55 37.51 33.85 332.39 5
Lake Sebu 283.68 539.77 9.54 2.04 835.02 2
Norala 16.25 176.03 1.54 2.33 196.14 9
Polomolok 42.36 261.67 25.60 5.76 335.40 3
Sto. Niño 0.00 78.53 5.75 0.02 84.30 11
Surallah 125.54 156.20 17.51 35.73 334.97 4
Tampakan 121.28 157.46 2.85 3.74 285.34 7
Tantangan 77.59 67.60 6.29 0.05 151.52 10
Tboli 309.51 584.21 12.40 4.02 910.15 1
Tupi 70.05 221.37 13.96 12.39 317.77 6
TOTAL 1,139.22 2,627.32 144.62 101.35 4,012.51
Source: PPDO

Map 4.13 Susceptibility of Existing Land Use to Ground shaking
Source: PPDO, 2020
4.1.4.3.4 Susceptibility of Existing Land Use to EIL
Other than ground shaking, one of the most destructive hazards resulting from the occurrence
of an earthquake is earthquake-induced landslide along the steep slope areas. In South Cotabato,
the Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (PDRRMO) recorded several EIL
incidences in several sloping areas due to high magnitude and intensity of earthquakes felt below
and above the ground.
Considering the active faults in the province, production land use among the four land uses, just
like in ground shaking is also the most susceptible to EIL affecting around 1,297.70 sq. km., being
known that South Cotabato is primarily agricultural. It is followed by protection land use at 901.30 sq.
km., infrastructure (40.60 sq. km.) and settlements (35.20 sq. km.).
In terms of protection land use, Tboli (284 sq. km.), Lake Sebu (253 sq. km.), and Surallah (122
sq. km.) are the most susceptible to EIL, except Sto. Niño. As to production land use, Tboli (487 sq.
km.), Lake Sebu (340 sq.km.), Polomolok (146 sq. km), and Tupi (142 sq. km.)care among the most
susceptible although some parts of the production areas of LGUs can be affected at a certain level.
The settlement areas of highly populated or urbanizing LGUs such as Polomolok (8.6 sq. km.), Tboli
(7 sq. km.), Tupi (5 sq. km.), and Koronadal City (4 sq. km.) and are the most susceptible to the
impacts of EIL knowing that there are still families settling in sloping areas. Local government units
with majority of its infrastructures are in EIL prone areas are Koronadal City (23 sq. km.), Tupi (9 sq.
km), Tboli (3.63 sq. km.), and Polomolok (2.45 sq. km.). In general, among the top 6 LGUs that are
most susceptible to EIL are Tboli (782 sq. km), Lake Sebu (600 sq. km.), Tupi (250 sq. km.),
Polomolok (181 sq. km.), Surallah (155 sq. km.), and Koronadal City (123 sq. km).
Overall, the impacts of earthquake cross along borders and it does not work in isolation. The
susceptibility of each LGU to EIL must not be ignored. Each of the LGUs have different topography,
development pattern in terms of locating its existing and future settlements, infrastructure
development, and the use of its protection and production land uses within its boundary. Given this
scenario, still earthquakes will have direct and indirect impacts to all areas but the damage can
avoided, if not, limited or controlled should proper interventions or measures be done.
Table 4.14 Land Use Areas (in sq.km) Highly Susceptible to EIL by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2018
Total Affected
Areas
Banga 0.04 56.82 0.40 0.01 57.26 8
Koronadal 73.26 22.10 4.29 23.40 123.05 6
Lake Sebu 253.95 340.20 5.83 1.00 600.97 2
Norala 12.55 8.85 0.02 0.05 21.47 10
Polomolok 23.79 146.79 8.62 2.46 181.66 4
Sto. Niño 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11
Surallah 122.62 29.74 2.73 0.00 155.09 5
Tampakan 40.92 57.51 0.51 0.91 99.85 7
Tantangan 41.77 5.93 0.33 0.00 48.04 9
Tboli 284.15 487.24 7.38 3.64 782.40 1
Tupi 48.25 142.51 5.10 9.15 205.01 3
TOTAL 901.30 1,297.70 35.20 40.60 2,274.81
Source: PPDO
Map 4.14 Susceptibility of Existing Land Use to Earthquake-induced Landslide
Source: PPDO, 2020

4.1.4.3.5 Susceptibility of Existing Land Use to Volcanic Eruption (Mt. Matutum and Mt.
Melibengoy)
The susceptibility of the existing land uses to the possible destructive impacts of the eruption of
Mt. Matutum and Mt. Melibengoy, both listed as active volcanoes closely monitored by the
PHIVOLCS, are both simulated using the Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System (REDAS).
Being active volcanoes, both Mt. Matutum in Tupi and Polomolok, and Mt. Melibengoy in Tboli might
erupt in due time.
In the event of the eruption of Mt. Matutum, six (6) territories would be highly affected – Tupi,
Tampakan, Polomolok, Tboli, Koronadal City, and Banga (Table 4.15). The possible impacts of any
volcanic eruption in the province would be severe since the last recorded activity were more than 100
years ago. Thus, the phenomenon of eruption is classified as intense since it is a rare event. The
municipalities of Tupi, Polomolok and Tampakan where the volcano straddles would be within the
permanent danger zones or within the 50 km diameter / 25 km radius, would be most exposed to
risks of pyroclastic flows and lahar deposition. Portions of Tboli in the southern part and Banga in the
far north would still be within the permanent danger zones. Besides being within the permanent
danger zone, Koronadal City would also be prone to lahar deposition. All land uses within this zone
will be hardly hit as shown in Map 4.15.
On the other hand, areas with high exposure to risks from the possible eruption Mt. Melibengoy
will cover the municipalities of Tboli, Surallah, Banga, Sto. Niño and Polomolok that are within the
permanent danger zone and pyroclastic buffer zone, and would be reached by both pyroclastic and
lahar flows (Map 4.16). All other nine (9) component territories would be affected by Mt. Melibengoy
eruption in varying degrees (Table 4.16). The land use that would be most affected would be
production or agricultural areas. It must be noted that Polomolok is highly susceptible to risks from
the eruption of both Mt. Matutum and Mt. Melibengoy.
Table 4.15 Land Use Areas (in sq.km) Highly Susceptible to Volcanic Eruption (Mt. Matutum), 2018
Total Affected
Areas
Banga 0.55 43.56 0.68 0.01 44.80 6
Koronadal 47.19 75.73 17.20 15.80 155.92 5
Lake Sebu 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Norala 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Polomolok 29.40 222.51 24.92 5.41 282.24 3
Sto. Niño 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surallah 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tampakan 123.57 158.07 2.85 3.77 288.26 2
Tantangan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tboli 26.35 203.68 2.19 0.24 232.46 4
Tupi 70.17 221.37 13.96 12.39 317.89 1
TOTAL 297.23 924.92 61.80 37.61 1,321.56
Source: PPDO

Map 4.15 Susceptibility of Existing Land Use to Volcanic Eruption (Mt. Matutum)
Source: PPDO, 2020
Table 4.16 Land Use Areas (in sq.km) Highly Susceptible to Volcanic Eruption Mt. Melibengoy, 2018
Total Affected
Areas
Banga 1.97 110.65 8.75 1.22 122.59 3
Koronadal 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Lake Sebu 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Norala 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Polomolok 2.82 22.87 7.04 0.61 33.35 5
Sto. Niño 0.00 65.38 5.45 0.02 70.86 4
Surallah 0.30 108.94 12.42 39.97 161.64 2
Tampakan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tantangan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tboli 154.75 365.86 9.75 3.51 533.87 1
Tupi 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 159.85 673.71 43.41 45.33 922.30
Source: PPDO

Map 4.16 Susceptibility of Existing Land Use to Volcanic Eruption (Mt. Melibengoy)
Source: PPDO, 2020
4.1.4.4 Development Constraints: Exposure of Population, Built-up Areas and Road Network
to Multiple Hazards
Human settlement, the totality of the human community, is composed of both natural and man-
made, living and non-living elements that interact with each other: nature, man/people, society, the
built-up areas and network technical infrastructure. Hence, in making decisions for the future
settlement structure and development direction for the province, the level of exposure of the
population, the built-up areas in whole, and the road network in particular have been assessed vis-
a-vis the multiple hazards map.
The Multiple Hazards Map is a map showing the aggregate exposure of the province to five (5)
natural hazards: (1) flooding, (2) rainfall-induced landslide (RIL), (3) earthquake-induced landslide
(EIL), (4) ground shaking, and (5) volcanic eruption. Through overlay analysis or sieve mapping using
GIS, areas susceptible to multiple hazards have been identified and considered as constraints to the
optimum development of spaces and places.
The succeeding maps delineate the areas with potential exposure to multiple hazards in view of
the size and density of population, the existence of critical road network that might hamper
connectivity, and the built-up areas that house the urban centers for important socio cultural and
economic functions of the eleven (11) city and municipalities of South Cotabato.
Places and population exposed to multiple hazards serve as constraints to the utilization of land
resources to their highest and best use, hence, to the optimum development of South Cotabato.
Developments in these areas pose an imminent threat to the lives, properties and resources of the

people and the province. It is thus crucial that significant disaster risk reduction and climate change
adaptation measures must be in place to mitigate and address the impacts of these developmental
threats and constraints to the province. Decisions must be made as to what land use must be
designated to these areas that would minimize, if not eradicate, the possible threats to lives and
properties, while considering the optimal use of land resources.
In view of multiple hazards, South Cotabato ranges from very low to high susceptibility, with only
a very negligible area covered by very high susceptibility. Areas that maybe considered highly
susceptible to multiple hazards are those falling within the within the same area considered as high,
when sieve mapping is used.
In terms of population size and density, Map 4.17 and Map 4.18 show how the population are
distributed in the province and it illustrated if the population in the areas fall within the identified
hazard prone areas. There are six (6) component territories with a considerable portion of their land
areas highly exposed to multiple hazards, namely Koronadal City, Sto. Niño, Surallah, Norala, Banga
and Tantangan. The population, built-up areas and road network of these LGUs are also highly
exposed to hazards.
Considering population exposure, the primary urban center of Koronadal City, the minor urban
center of Surallah and the intermediate-sized towns of Sto. Niño, Banga and Tantangan are most
susceptible to hazards. These four areas are most densely populated while also within the areas
highly susceptible to multiple hazards, hence, exposing more people to higher risks. Further, majority
of the built-up areas of the 11 LGUs have moderate to high exposure to multiple hazards (Map 4.19).
The exposure of road network (national, provincial, city/municipal and barangay roads) - is
reflected as most crucial in terms of exposure. This can be attributed to the fact that almost all of the
existing road networks the province are located within the delineated areas with high susceptibility to
multiple hazards (Map 4.20).

Map 4.17 Population (Size) Exposure to Multiple Hazards
Source: PPDO, 2020
Map 4.18 Population (Density) Exposure to Multiple Hazards
Source: PPDO, 2020

Map 4.19 Built-up Areas Exposure to Multiple Hazards
Source: PPDO, 2020
Map 4.20 Road Network Exposure to Multiple Hazards
Source: PPDO, 2020

The provincial profile analysis, which involves the process of systematically taking stock of the
major environmental and physical, social and economic, cultural and political, demographic and
institutional conditions existing in the province, allows for the identification of the similarities,
differences and complementation in natural endowments, economic base, physical-social-
demographic resources and individual strengths of all the component territories of the province in
relation to each other.
This, in turn, results in the determination of South Cotabato’s settlement pattern functional roles
in development, hence, the economic specializations and linkages among its component LGUs. More
importantly, the results of the provincial profiling analysis enable the plotting of the preferred spatial
structure or spatial development strategy that will guide the future development direction of the
province, such as what kind of investments, and how much and where these investments shall take
place in South Cotabato.
4.2.1 Proposed Functional Roles of the City/Municipalities in Provincial Development
The proposed functional roles of the city/municipalities are based on their respective strengths
and potential contributions to provincial development. Their roles complement each other and when
strategically exploited and supported, the economic growth of the city/municipalities shall bring to
fruition the vision of the province to be a premier agro-industrial and tourism hub.
The following details the planned complementary functional roles of the eleven component
territories of the province within the urban and rural structure by 2028.
Koronadal City is the provincial capital and seat of regional governance. It is also the primary urban
center for commerce and trade, and for high-order or specialized services on education, health, housing
and settlement, tourism, transportation, and for other quaternary sector services such as knowledge
economy, creative industry and research and development.
Polomolok is a major urban services center in the southern part of the province for agro-
processing, manufacturing/industrial development and expansion area for the residential needs of
General Santos City focusing on suburban residential development. It also plays an important role in
economic production as the region’s primary pineapple producer and a secondary tourism hub.
Surallah is the Provincial Agro-Industrial Center (PAIC) and major urban services center for
commerce and trade, transportation and tourism support services. It is designated as secondary agro-
processing hub in the upper valley or northern part of the province.
Banga is identified as expansion area for urban growth due to its close proximity to Koronadal City,
together with Tantangan. The municipality is also a secondary agro-industrial development hub being
the major producer of cassava in the province, and the second largest producer of corn in terms of
volume of production. It is also a tourism support hub particularly for inland resorts and restaurants.
Tupi is the flower, fruit and vegetable basket of the province, and is being positioned as the Regional
Agro-industrial Hub due to its strategic location connected by good intra-regional circumferential and
bypass road network. It has a competitive advantage in papaya production being the leading producer
in the entire region. It is also a secondary tourism hub particularly for cut flowers, fresh and processed
fruit souvenirs, and roadside dining.

Lake Sebu is the primary eco-cultural tourism hub and summer capital of South Cotabato and of
Region XII. Endowed with rich natural, cultural and economic resources, it is also the primary production
center in the region for corn. It is the inland fishery or aquaculture production (i.e. tilapia) center of the
province.
Norala and Sto. Niño are characterized by their geographical proximity to each other, as well as
similarity in their economic base. Being located in low-lying alluvial plains conducive to rice farming,
together, they comprise the Rice Granary of the province. These municipalities can also serve as
expansion areas for commercial crops production.
Tampakan is rich in metallic mineral resources making it an important mining development area.
Gifted with various natural tourism potentials, it is a secondary tourism hub as well as expansion area
for commercial crops production particularly coffee and vegetables.
Tantangan, like Banga, is an expansion area for urban growth of the provincial capital. It is also
identified as secondary agro-industrial development hub and expansion area for commercial crops
production being the primary mango producer of the province. It is also known for its high-quality pottery
or ceramic production.
Tboli is a major commercial crops production center being home to large plantations of banana and
abaca. It is also a fast-rising primary eco-cultural tourism hub of South Cotabato and a mining
development area for gold and silver.
4.2.2 Development Thrust: Sustainable Integrated Rural-Urban Development (SIRUD)
Inequality of growth across settlements has become a major development challenge for most
developing countries. Disparities are manifested in the concentration of development in one or a few
urban centers, and the failure of such growth to spread or trickle down in the peripheral backward
areas.
Previous development strategies focus only on either urban development or rural development
that leads to an imbalanced development and inequitable distribution of wealth. Prioritizing urban
development or urban bias has led to rapid urbanization and resource concentration in the urban
centers, thereby, resulting in economic polarization where rural areas lag behind and growth disparity
becomes wider. On the other hand, focusing resources on rural development has led to slower
economic development and social changes. Generation of new economic activities is limited and
efficiency in the provision of services is low. This characterizes the urban-rural divide in regional
development.
The challenge has always been on how to confront the phenomenon of uneven development
between rural and urban places. Economic polarization or the inequality in income structures in the
province is particularly pronounced for instance in the level of physical development, access to social
services and degree of poverty between the urban centers of Koronadal and Polomolok, and the
lagging rural areas of Lake Sebu and Tboli. Highly visible contrasts are also observed between
Koronadal City and its adjacent towns of Tantangan, Tampakan and Tupi.
Hence, there is a need for a development policy that allows for a more integrated view of urban
and rural development.

Map 4.21 Proposed Functional Roles of City/Municipalities in Provincial Development (2020-2028), South Cotabato
Source: PPDO
Bringing together the advantages of both urbanization and rural development in the context of a
sustainable development in South Cotabato, rural and urban elements must be linked to create an
interface of a Sustainable Integrated Rural-Urban Development or SIRUD.
Provincial development can be promoted through a strategy of rural-urban integration by focusing

on strategies for the urbanization of the countryside. This suggests a combination of rural and urban
development strategies in bringing about a process of urban growth in peripheral or backward regions
with primarily rural population.
SIRUD as an overall development thrust for the province adopts the following regional
development approaches to planning and development:
• Urban-Rural Interface (urban plus rural, rather than urban versus rural); and
• Planning the province as a Micro-region where it is viewed as a cluster of settlements smaller

than a region with high regard for the varying degrees of strengths and economic specializations
of its component territories.
Rural-Urban (R-U) Interface promotes the creation and expansion of urban linkages wherein
there is a two-way interaction and reciprocal relationship between rural and urban areas. The
approach aims at supporting the development of networks to improve quality of life and create a
more balanced provincial development. SIRUD bridges the gap between urban and rural areas in
such a way that urban development promotes rural development and rural development supports
urban development.13This happens when urban centers in the province process and develop
products that create demand for raw materials or goods being produced by the province’s rural
centers. Meanwhile, rural communities create a demand for processed goods and higher-level
services available at the urban centers. With increasing thrust towards agricultural modernization or
farm mechanization, urban centers also benefit from the absorption of surplus labor from the
agriculture sector.
SIRUD is then aligned with Region XII’s regional development thrust of Sustainable Agri-
Industrial Development Strategy (SAIDS)14, which took its origin from the Balanced Agro-industrial
Development Strategy (BAIDS). The region’s strategy also attempts to integrate the advantages of
both agriculture and industrialization, which spatially can be translated into rural (agriculture) and
urban (industry) interface. A focus on creating economic interdependencies between urban and rural
areas shall also ultimately lead to integrated agriculture and industry development strategies.
It must be emphasized, however, that as a strategy of support for both agriculture and industry,
SIRUD does not endeavor to create a balance between urban and rural management strategies,
rather, it aims to create economic and social interdependencies and integration among the eleven
(11) city and municipalities of the province. With SIRUD as a development thrust, there shall be no
sharp dualistic distinction between rural and urban areas, instead, complementary relationships by
way of integration and interdependencies (rather than balance) in the functional roles shall be the
primary development approaches.
Reciprocal relationships and economic interdependencies may be manifested in household

migration and livelihoods where there is a growing trend towards a combination of urban and rural
incomes (agricultural surplus labors are employed in the urban services sector between planting and
harvest seasons). Rural-Urban Interface is also best exemplified when agriculture can count on the
expansion of both urban demand and non-agricultural activities, while on the other hand, urban goods
and services can be distributed in the rural regions. While urban centers depend on rural areas for
their food and supply of raw materials, rural centers gain from the absorption of agricultural surplus
labor by the urban centers.15
With SIRUD, rural areas are no longer viewed as consisting solely of agriculture and villages but
as “part of the expanding urban and regional networks reaching from local to global scales”.16This
interdependence can be summarized into two:1) the rise in agricultural incomes above subsistence
level stimulates the demand for outputs of manufacturing industries; and 2) the expansion of incomes
in the industrial sector results in an expansion of agricultural production through increased demand
for food and agro-based industrial inputs.17
4.2.2.1 Preferred Strategic Priorities: Agriculture-Industrial-Tourism Development
To achieve polarization reversal through Sustainable Integrated Rural-Urban Development, three

(3) sectoral priorities are found to be the most effective sectors to trigger economic interdependencies
between the urban and rural areas, hence, decreasing economic imbalance in the province. These
are agriculture, industrialization and tourism.
13
Arch. Sara Caimi Lecture Notes, SPRING, TU-Dortmund, 2009
14
Region XII RPFP (2004-2030)
15
Arch. Sara Caimi Lecture Notes, SPRING, TU-Dortmund, 2009
16
Sutcliffe (1971) inMercado, Regional Development in the Philippines:A Review of Experience, State of the Artand Agenda for Research and Action, 2002
17
Sutcliffe (1971) inMercado, Regional Development in the Philippines:A Review of Experience, State of the Artand Agenda for Research and Action, 2002

SIRUD aims to maximize the benefits of each of the individual development priority or a
combination of these strategic priorities:
• Agriculture Development
• Industrial Development
• Tourism Development
• Agro-Industrial Development
• Agro-Tourism Development
• Industrial Tourism Development
Tourism, identified as a major competitive advantage of the Philippines, holds more promise to
bring about a more integrated urban-rural growth as it induces investment flows, infrastructure
development and employment/income opportunities to lagging/rural regions where unspoiled natural
attractions are usually found.
In this scenario, pouring investments to support tourism development in the lagging towns of Lake
Sebu, Tboli, and Tampakan, such as the development of tourism support services and roads leading
to tourism sites, will eventually spur local economic development in an upward spiral trend of
improved accessibility/mobility, increased tourism and non-tourism economic activities, and
increased employment and household income.
The province will continue to perform its role as one of the country’s key grain production areas.
Industrialization will concentrate on agricultural modernization and agro-processing that will
complement the optimum production of the agriculture industry. Eco-cultural tourism shall also be
pursued in tandem with agro-industrialization. This is also expected to eventually develop agro-
tourism in the province. Further, mining industry, in all forms, will be strictly regulated to ensure the
responsible extraction of resources and the protection of important watersheds where these mining
areas are usually located. It is eventually envisioned to develop a tourism circuit that includes the
showcase of Minahang Bayan’s gold and silver jewelry products as a form of industrial tourism.
Under this scenario, Koronadal City will continue to be the main commercial, trade, administrative
and services center with Polomolok serving as another primary urban center for agro-processing and
industrial development, and Surallah as the provincial agro-industrial center in the western section of
the province. Lake Sebu and Tboli will be the main tourism sites while the rest of the municipalities
will serve as production zones and tourism-support hubs.
The identification of these three strategic priorities is anchored on South Cotabato’s vision of
transforming the province into a premier Agro-Industrial and Tourism Hub. This is also aligned with
South Cotabato’s functional role in Region XII’s development as belonging to the Isulan-Gen. Santos
City (IGS) Agri-Industrial and Eco-Tourism Corridor.
All component local government units will have to develop their capacities to perform their
functional roles and serve their influence areas. Infrastructure facilities for transportation,
communication, settlements, and tourism, among others, will be developed with assistance from both
regional and national governments, and/or if necessary, through loans or aids from other funding
institutions. Trade, investment and tourism promotion activities shall continue to showcase the
province’s potentials. Laws and implementing mechanisms shall be strengthened to regulate
exploitation of resources and restore the productivity of degraded lands to meet the needs of both
present and future generations.

4.2.3 Spatial Development Strategy
The thrust for a Sustainable Integrated Rural-Urban Development shall be realized with the
adoption of decentralized concentration as the provincial spatial strategy, characterized by the
development of growth clusters, tourism beltways, and hierarchy of urban-rural settlements.
The identification of spatial strategy entails plotting in space the preferred development thrust
(SIRUD) and strategic priorities (Agriculture, Industry, Tourism) in order to locate where these are
going to be implemented that would result in the desired spatial structure and settlement form for
South Cotabato.
Decentralized concentration through cluster development in the perspective of “micro-regions”

show great potentials in bridging the rural-urban divide.
Decentralized Concentration
The National Spatial Strategy (NSS) is “concentration strategy” that aims to take advantage of
urbanization trend opportunities while mitigating existing and potential negative impacts such as
traffic congestion, pollution and urban decay. Urban areas or cities are seen as venues of innovation,
creativity, efficiency, production, employment and poverty reduction.
Aligned with the National Spatial Strategy (NSS), South Cotabato recognizes the advantages of
concentrating settlements and activities in creating greater social, economic and political
opportunities for people. Concentration through densification and compact development increases
opportunities for interaction, allows larger variety and higher levels of services, and reduces the
encroachment of prime agricultural lands.
However, the drawback of purely concentration strategies is that they oftentimes result in an even
faster and more polarized development. Hence, based on the observation that polarization cannot
be avoided and dispersion cannot be fully realized, the province adopts a variance of spatial
concentration that combines the advantages of both concentration and dispersion strategies through
decentralized concentration. Developing new concentrations or growth centers outside the existing
urban areas is pushed as a spatial strategy that will eventually result in polycentric or multiple nuclei
development.
Decentralized concentration is a variant of concentration strategy that combines both

concentration and dispersed models wherein new growth centers are created between the center
and the periphery. It aims to deconcentrate urban concentrations by creating new rural
concentrations in the periphery with the main policy of initiating a balanced development with priority
on basic needs fulfilment. In this strategy, urbanization economies of the main centers are maintained
while functional deficiencies in urban centers will be reduced by upgrading other areas to rural
centers. Significantly, social services and transportation facilities will integrate the rural sector with
the urban sector.
Decentralized concentration directs the province’s efforts at supporting the growth of its city and
municipalities according to their economic specializations while ensuring the efficient spatial
organization of existing and new urban concentrations. The province shall support the growth of new
centers in the periphery to decentralize or transfer certain functions of the highly concentrated urban
center to potentially growing intermediate towns with specialized functional roles.
In South Cotabato, concentrations are exhibited in the Primary Urban Centers (Koronadal City
and Polomolok) while dispersions are manifested in the existing Satellite Centers for agri-industrial

development (Sto. Nino, Norala and Tantangan), and agri-industrial and tourism development (Lake
Sebu, Tboli, Tampakan). Hence, decentralized concentrations shall be realized in supporting the
growth of existing intermediate towns – Surallah, Banga and Tupi, into major and major urban
centers.
For the next years, it is envisioned that Polomolok will be another primary urban center with a
decentralized function of agro-processing and industrial development. Surallah, at the western part
of the province will serve as another major urban center for agro-industrial development. As the
Provincial Agri-Industrial Center, it is a consolidation, marketing and trading center for agricultural
products especially of the neighboring towns that are far from the provincial capital (i.e. Tboli, Lake
Sebu, Sto. Niño, Norala). Rural towns with the highest potentials for agricultural production and
tourism shall be developed as emerging growth centers specializing in agriculture, industry and
tourism development (e.g. Lake Sebu, Tboli, Norala, Sto, Nino, Tantangan, Tampakan). These
towns shall be aggressively supported with quality rural infrastructure as FMRs, roads leading to
tourism sites, irrigation facilities, water and power utilities, as well as improved access to health and
education services. This also implies promoting the growth of intermediate-sized towns as Surallah,
Banga and Tupi to address the problems of excessive centralization and population pressure in
primary urban centers as Koronadal and Polomolok.
With this spatial development strategy, the province shall endeavor to establish policies and
implement PPAs aimed at a more balanced distribution of urban growth, avoiding excessive
concentration in just one or two very large urban centers. This strategy requires efficient
transportation system to connect the different urban and rural growth centers.
Decentralized Concentration and SIRUD
This spatial development strategy supports the provincial development thrust of SIRUD, where
equitable growth is expected from a more dynamic interaction of social and economic activities
between the urban growth centers and the rural centers or emerging growth centers. There is a need,
however, to respond to the challenges of mitigating the negative environmental impacts often
associated with highly concentrated centers, while providing infrastructure and basic social services
for both the urban and rural dwellers.
The creation of functional network of rural and urban settlements shall eventually lead to the
development of a polycentric scenario designed to maximize development and reduce imbalances.
In South Cotabato, spatial strategy characterized by a hierarchy of primary, intermediate and rural
service centers will be promoted in order to result in a polycentric or multiple nuclei model of
development of varying sizes. These settlements shall have mixed-land uses to maximize space and
promote growth.
Cluster Development Approach
Decentralized concentration shall be realized by adopting cluster development approach in the

creation of new growth centers. Cluster Development, a variant of Integrated Area Development
(IAD), is an approach wherein inter-local or sub-regional areas (micro-regions) are created to build a
“planning region” or a “community region”to achieve effective and sustainable development and
environmental management. These planning regions are referred to as “growth clusters” consisting
of a group of growth centers of varying sizes.

In this approach, interventions or programs and projects are integrated in a convergence approach
in identified community regions considering the following: (a) functional linkages; (b) resource
utilization; (c) access to basic services; and (d) local participation in planning and implementation.18
Growth clusters are suitable units for land management and planning covering two or more
territorial units within the province which are delineated by considering any or a combination of the
following criteria:19
• Economic: existence of common economic base, complementary resources and strong

economic linkages
• Social: having the same cultural background and using the same language and dialect
• Physical: geographically contiguous and linked by infrastructure networks
• Spatial: complementarity of functional roles within the urban structure
• Political: the demarcation of the cluster coincided with the administrative boundaries of the LGUs
• Environmental: experiences similar environmental problems and uses common resources
Planning the province as a micro-region entails strategically grouping it into smaller development
clusters composed of contiguous towns with similar or complementary socio-economic base and
resources. Pooling of resources of contiguous city and municipalities with complementary
endowments can address the component towns’ scarcity of resources as individual territories.
Physical and sectoral interventions in the form of programs and projects can be planned and
implemented to these clusters through a convergence approach.
4.2.4 The Overall Spatial Development Framework
After the identification of the preferred development thrust, strategic priorities and spatial strategy,
the overall development concept shall be located in space by transforming it into an overall spatial
development framework. The visual presentation of the overall physical framework is called the
spatial diagram or structure plan.
A spatial diagram, also referred to as a structure plan or concept plan, illustrates the future spatial
structure/development of the region, province or locality to guide investments of different actions into
specific areas. An overall spatial framework illustrated through a spatial diagram is the transformation
of a development concept into a physical spatial structure in order to design policies and strategies
required for implementation. All development ideas, proposals, and all results of the analytical
planning stage are finally condensed and captured in the structure or concept plan.
South Cotabato’s overall spatial development framework reflecting the preferred development
thrust, strategic priorities, and spatial development strategy is shown in Map 4.12.
With the envisioned emergence of South Cotabato as a premier agri-industrial and ecotourism
hub, the overall spatial development framework is characterized by the development of three (3)
Growth Clusters and two (2) Tourism Beltways, and delineation of Green Infrastructure
Network.
18
Lecture Notes, Dr. ZenaidaManalo, UP-SURP
19
Mercado, Regional Development in the Philippines:A Review of Experience, State of the Artand Agenda for Research and Action, 2002

Map 4.22 Spatial Structure Plan of South Cotabato (2020-2028)
Source: PPDO

a. Green Infrastructure Network
Driving growth with ecological integrity and resilience, a green infrastructure network – or an
interconnected network of protected land and water that supports native species, maintain natural
ecological processes, sustains air and water resources, and contributes to the health and quality of
life for communities and people – is delineated to be protected to serve as the province’s life support
system. The network is characterized by an inter-connected system of watersheds, green open
spaces and critical unbuilt forms. The green network includes all watersheds, rivers and their
tributaries and easements, all forms of water bodies, public parks and open spaces, and all unbuilt
spaces that serve as important buffers between different land uses. As a principle, green
infrastructure planning should be the first step in land use planning. It should be integrated with
planning for the "gray" infrastructure – roads, sewers, water lines, and other essential systems.
b. Growth Cluster Development
Inter-local clustering of the component LGUs is plotted to further encourage the equitable
development of urban and rural centers, and achieve the rational distribution of population.
The clustering of the component municipalities into thee (3) growth clusters primarily considered
the following: (a) geographical proximity and physical linkages, (b) existence of common economic
base and strong economic linkages, (c) similarity of growth potentials in terms of competitive and
comparative advantages, and (d) complementarity of functional roles.
Koronadal City, being the provincial capital, shall be the consolidation node for the trading and
marketing of agricultural products coming from the three growth clusters.
Norala-Sto. Niño-Tantangan Rice Growth Cluster
The municipalities in this cluster are Norala, Sto. Niño and Tantangan. These municipalities are
rice producing areas.Norala and Sto. Niño are together considered the Rice Granary of the province
being constantly in the top 2 spots in rice production. Tantangan is the third major producer of rice,
in addition to being the primary producer of mango in the province. The major projects that shall be
promoted in this cluster are processing centers of rice as well as its scientific research, and
development of farm implements that will boost rice production and processing.Agriculture-support
infrastructure such as opening/upgrading of farm-to-market roads (FMRs) and construction of
irrigation facilities must be prioritized in these areas.
Lake Sebu-Banga-Surallah Corn Agribusiness Growth Cluster
The contiguous towns of Lake Sebu, Banga and Surallah are the top three (3) producers of corn
in the province. Lake Sebu and Banga will primarily focus on corn growing, and production of souvenir
products made of corn parts to support tourism development. Other than the production of corn,
Surallah will also invest in agricultural support facilities for the processing of corn products. The major
industries that shall be promoted in this clusterare processing centers of corn as well as its scientific
research, and development of farm implements that will boost corn production.
Polomolok-Tupi-Tboli-Tampakan High Value Crops Growth Cluster
High value crops such as pineapple, papaya, banana, coffee and cacao grow abundantly in the
municipalities of Tboli, Polomolok, Tupi and Tampakan. The primary growth node in this cluster is
Polomolok, being the major producer of pineapple and asparagus, as well as the agro-processing
and agro-industrial center for the cluster’s products. However, while these towns are geographically
contiguous in space, physical integration in these localities is still weak. There is a need to improve
connectivity of the remote town of Tboli to Polomolok and Gen. Santos City for faster, easier and
more convenient transport of high value products to trading centers and to the international seaport
and airport. The major industries that shall be promoted in this cluster are large plantations and
processing centers of HVCs, as well as flower industry.
c. Tourism Beltway
The beltway envisions a tourism circuit wherein every town offers a unique and complete touring
experience for visitors – from nature, culture, agriculture, adventure to urban tourism. The tourism
beltway is composed of the primary and secondary tourism circuits that will more effectively provide
a complete tourism experience with the improvement of physical linkage through the opening of
important road networks.
The beltway development will involve the establishment of appropriate ecotourism centers,
tourism support facilities, agro-tourism attractions, among others.
Primary Tourism Beltway
This beltway will be the growth node for eco-cultural and industrial tourism, showcasing the
province’s rich cultural heritage, nature’s bounty and vibrant economic potentials. The
city/municipalities along this beltway have abundant natural, adventure, cultural and urban tourism
attractions: Lake Sebu, Tboli, Polomolok, Tupi, Tampakan and Koronadal City. Koronadal City will
provide the urban tourism needs of tourists for shopping, accommodation, transportation, dining and
nightlife.
Secondary Tourism Beltway
This beltway will be the growth node for agro-tourism, showcasing the province’s best practices
on agriculture. Towns in this beltway also offer tourism support facilities as roadside dining and
resorts. The municipalities along this beltway are Tantangan, Norala, Sto. Niño, Banga and Surallah.

d. Physical and Functional Integration of Growth Clusters and Tourism Beltways
In a rural-urban interface strategy, increased connectivity and accessibility to integrate urban and
rural functions is of utmost importance.
To effect the physical and functional integration of the growth clusters and beltways, appropriate
road network development will be provided at strategic areas in the province to support the overall
physical framework such as the opening/development of Tantangan-Norala Road that will shorten
travel time from Norala to Koronadal City and opening/development of Tupi-Tboli Road which would
speed up transport of agri-crops to processing centers in Polomolok and General Santos City. The
opening and improvement of the following bypass and local roads necessary to support urban-rural
integration are already on-going:
a) Tupi-Malungon (Malandag), Road
b) Lake Sebu-Maitum Road
c) Surallah-Tboli-Gen. Santos Bypass Road
d) Banga-Tupi Bypass Road
e) Banga-Tboli-Tupi-Polomolok Road
f) Lake Sebu-Tboli Road
g) Tantangan-Koronadal Bypass Road
h) Tantangan-Norala Road
Essential transport support systems, telecommunication networks, water supply and power
supply shall also be constructed or improved to facilitate efficient and effective linkage of areas within
the growth clusters, or among the growth clusters, or of the province to other areas in the region.
e. Settlement Pattern and Competitive Advantages
The proposed hierarchy of settlements reflecting a decentralized concentration strategy is also

reflected in the structure plan. The analysis of the province’s competitive and comparative
advantages has become an important consideration for classifying the hierarchy of settlements and
delineating the three (3) growth clusters.
4.3 Land Use Plan
According to the 1987 Philippine Constitution (Art. XIII, Sec. 1), land use planning is essentially
“a political act of crafting public policy whereby the state regulates the acquisition, ownership, use
and disposition of property to promote the common good or general welfare. “It refers to the “rational
and judicious approach of allocating available land resources to different land using activities (e.g.
agricultural, residential, industrial) and for different functions consistent with the overall development
vision/goal of a particular locality.”20
Land use planning then is an important decision-making process of locating programs and
projects in space in a manner that would bring about the highest and best use of land. It entails the
detailed process of determining the location and area of land required for the implementation of social
and economic development policies, programs and projects.21
20
CLUP Guidebook, Vol. 1, HLURB, 2006
21
CLUP Guidebook, Vol. 1, HLURB, 2006

Meanwhile, the term “land use plan” is generally understood as a plan for the management of
land resources.22Hence, the Provincial Land Use Plan is the translation of the development concept
and sectoral or socio-economic development plans into spatial dimensions.
However, unlike the Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs) of cities and municipalities that
are enforced through the Zoning Ordinance, the land use plan in the PDPFP is policy-oriented and
indicative in nature, thus, focused on the identification of land use policies to guide the formulation of
the CLUPs of the component LGUs.
The PDPFP entails the broad allocation of land into four (4) policy areas: (1) Protection Land Use
(2) Production Land Use, (3) Settlements Development, and (4) Infrastructure Development. These
four broad policy areas are then detailed in the CLUPs, with the Zoning Ordinance as its implementing
tool.
4.3.1 Land Use Issues and Challenges
Just like any other settlement, South Cotabato has to contend with both perennial and emerging
socio-spatial challenges and land use issues faced by the 21 st century civilization. While there are
various crucial land use and spatial issues, these revolve around critical concerns that are at the crux
of the development landscape of South Cotabato. In South Cotabato, five (5) major development
issues with spatial or land use implications that are cross-cutting across the development sectors
have been prioritized.
1. Degradation and Declining Biodiversity of Protection Areas due to Human Encroachment

and Economic Activities
In order for life to thrive, the variety of species, in whatever form of habitat or ecosystem, must be
conserved, sustained and enhanced. However, increasing socio-economic activities of man
necessary to support his growing needs, from shelter to food, have resulted in massive extinction of
certain varieties of indigenous flora and fauna. This is especially alarming in South Cotabato known
for its vast forest areas and protected landscapes. Irresponsible human activities, escalated by the
manifestations of global warming and climate change, have disrupted the biodiversity of the
components of the protected landscapes such as forests, lakes and other important watersheds. The
eventual loss of biodiversity will lead to the disruption of biological, physical and socio-economic
processes and systems that largely depend on biological resources.
Degradation of forests and protected areas is aggravated by the following:

a) Population pressure on forest lands
b) Overexploitation and illegal utilization of forest products
c) Conflicting national and local environment management policies (e.g. mining laws and
provincial environment code)
d) Conflicting land use and land use policies
e) Presence of mining activities in important watersheds and protected areas
f) Weak legal support for the management of AVPL as protected landscape (not declared as
protected area under the eNIPAS)
22
Poverty, inadequate shelter and lack of livelihood opportunities are among the reasons that drive
households to settle in upland areas and cultivate within protection forests. In 2014, NAMRIA
recorded about 23,382 households or 105,000 upland or forestland population. Alarmingly, the Allah
Valley Protected Landscape (AVPL) and Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape (MMPL) have not been
spared by the persistent problem of forest encroachment by settlements and large agricultural
plantations. There is also pressure on critical watersheds by the presence of metallic and coal mining
activities with mining permits. The conflicting and uncoordinated issuance of tenurial instruments by
DENR, and NCIP has further aggravated the degradation of forestlands and protection areas.
Despite the strengthened enforcement and implementation of forest protection measures by the
provincial government and its component LGUs, illegal forest activities that result in the
overexploitation of natural resources and forest denudation persist. Illegal exploitation and trade in
forest resources come in many forms from the practice of slash-and-burn or kaingin, timber poaching,
illegal logging, unsustainable charcoal-making, to illegal transport of forest products.
2. Threats to Food Security, Low Agricultural Productivity and Low Value of Agricultural
Products
Among the factors that contribute to low value of agricultural products and food insecurity are a)
rapid conversion of agricultural areas into settlements and other production areas (commercial,
industrial), and b) inadequate consolidation, processing and marketing hubs for value-adding of
agricultural products with provincial and regional scope or importance.
Decreasing land area allocated for agricultural production is a perennial issue that cuts across all
towns of the province. This trend can be attributed to the need to respond to population growth and
urbanization and the corresponding impacts to development. Hence, specific factors that contribute
to the decreasing trend are both formal in nature – the reclassification of land uses through
Comprehensive Land Use Plans or land conversion through the DAR, and informal – the illegal
conversion of agricultural lands to other uses.
Illegal subdivision of lots and conversion of rural lands to residential uses have become rampant
practices that threaten security of food and tenure. These also result in the proliferation of unplanned
and sub-standard dwelling places. These, however, are resorted to by many poor, low- and middle-
income families who have been offered the opportunity to own affordable lots, regardless of tenurial
instruments (or lack of) being offered. Moreover, rapid urban growth is now taking place in unplanned
peri-urban areas or areas just outside the poblacion or CBDs. This is a result of the tendency among
low-income urban dwellers to look for a foothold in locations where land is more easily available –
where they can escape the high costs of land and threats of urban land regulations, and where there
is a possibility of combining urban and rural livelihoods. The increasing migration of rural households
to urban centers and the inadequate affordable socialized housing options for the poor, displaced
and low–income households have contributed to this alarming trend.
Moreover, many farmers suffer from low income due to low farmgate price of agricultural
products, which are not consolidated nor processed for value-adding. While individual bagsakan
centers are existing in some of the component local government units of South Cotabato, these are
relatively small and cater only to local products and demands. After crops and backyard-raised
animals are delivered, no other value adding activities or processes are undertaken rendering prices
to be low. There is a need to consolidate for absorption of larger production volume and for more
competitive pricing.

3. Growing urban management and land use issues such as pollution, health hazards,
amorphic sprawl and urban blight due to rapid urbanization and congestion of people in
some urban centers
Various socio-spatial factors affect the quality of the urban environment. These factors are inter-
related and contribute in aggravating various urban management issues.
a) Amorphic sprawl of pockets of settlements and scattered development

b) Poor physical and urban development planning of LGUs
c) Deteriorating urban environment due to pollution
d) Inadequate and Unpreserved Open Spaces or Green Areas
e) Destruction of viewsheds in leading tourism sites (Lake Sebu) due to proliferation of
structures along the highway obstructing lake view
f) Poor quality of public open spaces (parks, road right-of-way, lack of setbacks and spaces for
parking and loading/unloading)
g) Weak Implementation of Building Code, Zoning Ordinances, Housing and Other Land Use
and Urban Development Standards (e.g. Unregulated Use of Public Spaces by Private
Businesses as Malls and Food Chains)
h) Increasing shelter needs due to backlog, population growth, houses located in ECAs and
few affordable housing options
Amorphic Sprawl, Scattered Development and Free-for-All Urban Development. Unplanned urban
growth, especially as a result of rapid urbanization and economic development, normally leads to
amorphic sprawl or scattered development. The little attention provided to urban land use planning
and weak public regulations in the use of private lands lead to uncontrolled urban sprawl, making
urban centers vulnerable to urban decay and downfalls such as proliferation of blighted areas,
overcrowding and traffic congestion, and generally a poor quality of urban spaces. Unplanned or
amorphic sprawl, the urbanizing of a place without a planned physical form, further provides pressure
on the already scarce agricultural lands.
Scattered development, without careful study and planning, could result to “leapfrog” or
“checkerboard” development where the premature development of rural lands or hinterlands for
urban uses, without first optimizing available spaces within the existing urban centers, can be very
costly for the city and municipalities in terms of inefficient utilization of scarce land.
Poor Physical and Urban Development Planning of LGUs. One of the major factors that contribute to
the seemingly “un-zoned” development especially of urban centers is the poor emphasis on and
appreciation of physical planning, inadequate required technical personnel and the inadequate
knowledge, skills and exposure of many planning personnel at the LGUs on urban and regional
development planning.
Pollution and Environmental Decay. Increasing and unregulated socio-economic activities continue
to put pressure on the carrying capacity of the earth. Weak and corrupted institutional mechanisms
for the enforcement of environmental laws and monitoring of compliance to standards result in the
increasing loss of biodiversity and environmental decay of the upland, agricultural and urban
ecosystems. Technological advancements and wasteful way of life of the populace such as the
dependency on non-renewable sources of energy or the oil-based economy also contribute to the
increase in carbon footprints and global warming. Notably, urban heat island effect, or the high
ambient temperature in urban centers compared to the rural areas, is a felt phenomenon in many
urban centers.
Inadequate and Unpreserved Open Spaces or Green Areas. In contrast to the more developed
countries where the preservation of public open spaces and parks is a primary function of city
planning, open spaces in the country are considered as ‘left-over land use’. This means that in the
planning process, spaces are allocated for built-up areas first and the remaining spaces, if any, are
relegated as “open spaces”. This results in the growth of ‘un-aesthetic’ and ‘soul-less’ cities – devoid
of spaces for people to breathe, relax, and simply break away from the busy city life. In the province,
overdeveloped “built-up” areas and inadequate open spaces for buffer and other ecological, social
and psychological uses may eventually lead to congestion and urban blights in urban centers.
Destruction of Viewsheds in Leading Tourism Sites. Various unregulated structures constructed

along the shores of the lakes of Lake Sebu have destroyed their aesthetic value for tourism. The
mushrooming of both permanent and temporary structures and encroachment of lake easements
obstructed the so-called important “viewsheds” in the province’s primary tourism destination.
Unregulated Use of Public Spaces by Private Businesses as Malls and Food Chains Resulting in
Poor Quality of Public Open Spaces. While public lands are reserved for various important public
uses, these lands are encroached by private business owners for private or business uses. Large
buildings and businesses with significantly huge clientele are not required to conduct traffic impact
assessment and implement corresponding traffic interventions to manage traffic flow and
parking/loading/unloading needs of customers. Hence, business establishments utilize roads right of
way (RROW) and public spaces as parking areas, or loading and unloading spaces for vehicles. This
scenario escalates traffic congestion as roads have become “one-way” lanes, and poses danger to
pedestrians who have been deprived of their sidewalks or spaces for walking/biking.
Weak Enforcement of Building Code, Zoning Ordinances, Housing and Other Land Use and Urban
Development Standards. Many urban problems that arise in the primary urban centers of the province
are brought about by the poor implementation and monitoring of local Zoning Ordinances, the
National Building Code or RA 6541 as well as non-compliance with housing and other urban
development laws and regulations such as the Sanitation Code or PD 856 and RA 7279 or the Urban
Development and Housing Act. For instance, building permits are issued despite the lack of zoning
certificate and non-compliance of buildings to standards for setbacks, parking, and loading/unloading
areas. All LGUs of South Cotabato have approved CLUPs and ZOs, but seemingly, most of these
are already obsolete which require immediate revision/updating. Some do not have zoning or urban
development offices tasked to enforce urban management policies. These concerns can eventually
lead to urban blight and decay.
Increasing Shelter Needs Due to Backlog (Displaced and Doubled-up Households), Population
Growth and Few Affordable Housing Options. Providing the people, especially the poor and
marginalized, with their basic right to safe, affordable and decent housing requires a tremendous task
of assessing the shelter needs of every city and municipality. The province has to respond to shelter
needs due to housing backlog and population growth. Housing backlog is brought about by doubled-
up households or two (2) or more households sharing a single dwelling unit, unacceptable and
makeshift housing units that need improvement, and current and potential displaced households due
to natural and climate-related hazards. The mushrooming of settlements along identified hazard
areas further aggravates the shelter problem. In terms of tenure, of the 217,944 number of
households in the province, about 86,768 households still do not own their dwelling units in 2015.
This is much higher compared to the only 61,381 households who do not own their house and lots in
2010. There is also limited access to affordable socialized housing as there are still municipalities
without socialized housing projects. In the provincial capital, Koronadal City, socialized housing units

are still not readily accessed by the poor to middle class income families due to the high cost of
processing fees. Cost of land is also relatively high in the city, primarily brought about by speculation
of rapid economic growth.
4. Increasing demand for quality and resilient infrastructure to support the economic and
social needs of the growing population
Adequate quality infrastructure is highly significant in supporting the economic and social
functional roles of the component territories of the province – from road network to reliable water
and power utilities. Social infrastructure such as hospitals and school buildings, as well as facilities
that would support economic productivity, need to be prioritized in order to spur balanced socio-
economic growth across the province. Some of the major issues on infrastructure development in
the province are the following:
a) Low percentage of concreted/upgraded provincial roads (about 30% concreted) to support

economic productivity and strengthen industry production and marketing link, and increase
access to social services
b) Inadequate sources of potable water especially in GIDAs
c) Unstable power/electricity supply
d) Traffic congestion in some urban centers
e) Poor quality of farm-to-market roads that would enhance economic productivity and
strengthen production and marketing link
f) Inadequate support utilities in tourism sites
g) Poor quality of some roads leading to tourism sites
h) Poor internet connection due to limited number of internet and telecommunication
infrastructure/facilities particularly to support the “new normal”
i) Inadequate number of classrooms/ school buildings and other educational facilities
j) Inadequate government hospital spaces to accommodate more beds especially for the
indigents (overcrowding at SCPH more than the bed capacity)
k) Inadequate social protection and protective service facilities especially for the disadvantaged
and marginalized such as Bahay Pag-asa, etc.
l) Rapid growth of the informal street economy/street trading on road-right-of-way
Congestion in major public roads of the province’s primary urban and rapidly growing settlements
as Koronadal City is increasingly surfacing as a problem that greatly impacts travel time, hence,
productivity of the people. The poor quality of pedestrian spaces such as pedestrian lanes and
walkways along RROWs, and non-adherence to pedestrian rights, render the walking and commuting
public unsafe. These can be primarily attributed to the ineffective, if not lack of, transport and traffic
management plans and schemes in place. Moreover, transport and traffic management planning is
not generally prioritized among local government units as manifested by the inadequate traffic
management signage and infrastructure in urban areas.
Moreover, power interruption or unreliable power supply is one of the most pressing issues that
the province has to contend with especially in the face of climate change. The constant rotational
black-outs and unscheduled interruptions have become an alarming reality that greatly affects
economic and institutional productivity and performance, considering further that the major source of
power in Mindanao is hydropower. While hydropower is also a source of renewable energy to address
power shortage in the province, its potential is limited by the climate change projection in the province
of decreasing rainfall and increasing temperature in the next 10 to 50 years. Moreover, frequent

power fluctuations contribute in damages to household electrical appliances, and sometimes, to
higher household energy consumption.
5. Increasing vulnerabilities of settlements to disaster and climate change risks including

risks to emerging infectious diseases
The following factors increase the vulnerabilities of people and territories to various climate-related
and man-made risks, including those from possible widespread occurrence of infections and
emerging diseases:
a) Inadequate disaster / epidemic management facilities per municipality / city

b) Meandering, flooding and destruction of riverside infrastructure in major river systems (e.g.
Allah River)
c) Poor adoption of green building and green energy technologies to respond to climate change
d) Encroachment of riparian zones / easements along bodies of water
e) Presence of settlements in environmentally-constrained areas (ECAs)
The growing threat of climate change has made governments and communities increasingly
aware of and prepared for its life-threatening impacts. However, high urban land and housing costs
are pushing the lowest-income people into locations that are prone to natural hazards (ECAs),
especially in informal settlements. Overlay analysis of land use maps with the province’s major
hazards of flooding, rain-induced landslide and volcanic eruption has shown that some built-up areas
are located within the moderate- to high-risk areas of these hazards. Moreover, there are households
living in public spaces, and along riparian zones/easements and road-right-of way (RROW). The
relocation of these households as well as those already displaced by both natural and man-made
hazards must be prioritized.
An overall climate change projection, South Cotabato is going to be warmer (temperature

increase), and at the same time, drier (rainfall change), with the immense eventuality of experiencing
droughts during the next 20 or 50 years from the baseline (2000). However, prior to this, there would
still be projected events of floods and rain-induced landslides. These disasters are only partly a result
of natural forces – they are also products of failed urban development and planning. These scenarios
increase the vulnerabilities of people and communities to hazards specially the poor since they often
live in areas more exposed to risks; they have increased sensitivity to economic shocks resulting
from hazards; and they often lack the adaptive capacity needed in times of calamities.
Disaster risks also include threats from the widespread occurrence of emerging infectious
diseases of local, national or global scale. Existing land uses and distribution of population across
settlements can either aggravate or prevent the spread of infections. In the face of possible epidemics
or pandemics, it is imperative that population is rationally distributed and highly-populated urban
centers are decongested as a spatial strategy of containing widespread infection and preventing what
could possibly be disasters of global scale.

4.3.2 Land Use Strategies and Policy Framework
Land use policy guidelines form the core of the spatial development framework and land use plan
of the province. These policies are derived from the identified major spatial problems or issues with
implications on land and land utilization pertaining to the four (4) broad land use policy areas.
Corresponding land use policies are then identified to address the priority cross-sectoral spatial
issues. These policy guidelines are important and primary considerations in plotting the four land
uses (protection land use, production land use, settlements development, infrastructure
development) in the provincial territory. Strategies and PPAs are then identified on each development
sector plan to ensure the realization of the overall spatial framework for the Province of South
Cotabato.
Table 4.17 Major Land Use Issues and Corresponding Land Use Strategies and Policy Framework
1. Degradation and Declining Biodiversity of 1. The following shall guide the land uses according to the standard slope
Protection Areas due to Human ranges and elevation (Forestry Code - PD 705):
Encroachment and Economic Activities Alienable and Disposable:
a) Population pressure on forest lands • 18% and below: Settlements, Infrastructure and Production
b) Overexploitation and Illegal Utilization of (Agriculture/Industrial/ Commercial) Areas
Forest Products Forest Lands:
c) Conflicting national and local environment • 18-50%: Production Forest
• 50% and Above Slope and Above 1000masl elevation: Protection
management policies (e.g. mining laws
Forest (Strict Protection Zones)
and provincial environment code) 2. Regain protection and production forests; production forests must be
d) Conflicting land use and land use policies utilized for agro-forestry and other forest uses.
e) Presence of mining activities in important 3. Protected areas (NIPAS and Non-NIPAS areas must be strictly delineated
watersheds and protected areas and protected by establishing Biodiversity Corridors.
f) Weak legal support for the management 4. Adopt Ridge-to-Reef and Watersheds Approach to planning and
of AVPL as protected landscape (not development. Strengthen the management of existing watershed
declared as protected area under the management alliances such as the Allah Valley Landscape Development
eNIPAS Alliance (AVLDA) and support the formation of new Watershed or Sub-
g) Fragmented management of watersheds, watershed Management Alliances.
protected areas and wildlife habitats 5. There must be a Protected Area Management Zoning for each of the
NIPAS protected area and LGU-declared protected areas. Zone
establishment and management planning may be based on the following
protected area zones:
a. Strict Protection Zone
b. Sustainable Use Zone
c. Restoration Zone
d. Habitat Management Zone
e. Multiple Use Zone
f. Buffer Zone
g. Cultural Zone
h. Recreational Zone
i. Special Use Zone
j. Other Management Zones
6. Delineate and establish the province’s Green Infrastructure Network or
network of green spaces such as watersheds, central parks, pocket parks
and neighborhood parks, rivers and tributaries, and easements of inland
water bodies.
7. In forest lands, mining and other resource extraction activities must only
be allowed within the production forest zones (areas with less than 50%
slope and 1000 masl elevation) but shall be prohibited in NIPAS-declared
areas. Open Pit Mining shall continue to be prohibited in the Province of
South Cotabato pursuant to the Provincial Environment Code.
8. Work for the inclusion of the Allah Valley Forest Reserve as a protected
landscape under the eNIPAS.
2. Threats to Food Security, Low Agricultural 1. Delineate SAFDZ areas and conserve as protected croplands
Productivity and Low Value of Agricultural 2. Identify strategic area for food processing and marketing that will be
Products developed into a regional agri-hub / integrated food terminal.
a) Rapid conversion and reclassification of
3. Produce healthy and adequate food for present and future generations by
agricultural areas into settlements and
other production areas (commercial, increasing production yield, enhancing agricultural biodiversity &
industrial) protecting irrigated croplands (ensuring food security).
b) Inadequate consolidation, processing and 4. Promote agro-tourism as local economic development strategy of LGUs
marketing hubs for agricultural products along the secondary tourism beltway.
with provincial and regional scope or 5. Minimize population pressure on prime agricultural lands by promoting
importance Vertical Urbanism & Urban In-filling while creating new concentrations
or compact intermediate centers.
6. Impose height regulations along major arteries to encourage
compact/vertical growth.
3. Growing urban management and land use 1. Implement decentralization/ deconcentration spatial strategy for a
issues such as pollution, health hazards, rational distribution of population and economic opportunities through
amorphic sprawl and urban blight due to the development of new growth centers focused on providing
rapid urbanization and congestion of people opportunities to intermediate towns supported by good infrastructure
in some urban centers and transport support (bypass and loop/circumferential roads).
a) Amorphic sprawl of pockets of 2. Regulate unplanned sprawl of urban areas by establishing greenbelts
settlements and scattered around settlements. Greenbelts could be bodies of water, landscaped
development parks/gardens, or any forms of vegetation that will serve as buffer zones
b) Poor physical and urban development such as protected agricultural areas, forest and fruit trees.
planning of LGUs 3. Develop urban plans and designs for city/town centers, esp. of the
c) Deteriorating urban environment due streetscapes; Regulate and control the location and spatial design of
to pollution streetscapes and street activities.
d) Inadequate and Unpreserved Open 4. Integrate relevant urban development concepts as height regulations,
Spaces or Green Areas increased floor area ratios, pedestrian malls and urban greening and
e) Destruction of viewsheds in leading open space development in Zoning Ordinances.
5. Promote Smart Growth through vertical and green urbanism, transit-
tourism sites (Lake Sebu) due to
oriented development & the development of walkable, livable, safe,
proliferation of structures along the green cities/towns.
highway obstructing lake view 6. Adopt a tree per person ratio (TPPR) for green or open spaces in urban
f) Poor quality of public open spaces areas.
(parks, road right-of-way, lack of 7. Promote Green Urbanism through Urban Forestry and Urban
setbacks and spaces for parking and Agriculture.
loading/unloading) 8. Urban greening and roadside beautification must be promoted
province-wide.
g) Weak Implementation of Building
9. Support the establishment of provincial, C/MLGU or clustered Sanitary
Code, Zoning Ordinances, Housing Landfills, Wastewater Treatment Facilities, Hospital Waste
and Other Land Use and Urban Facilities, Septage Treatment Facilities.
Development Standards (e.g. 10. Clearly delineate areas for public parks, buffer zones, easements,
Unregulated Use of Public Spaces by setbacks and other public open spaces. Neighborhood and pocket
Private Businesses as Malls and Food parks must be developed at the barangays and strategic población
Chains) areas/urban centers.
11. Acquire/Preserve important public open spaces to be developed as
h) Increasing shelter needs due to
Parks & Pedestrian Malls.
backlog, population growth, houses 12. Adopt “Viewshed Management” approach in Lake Sebu and other
located in ECAs and few affordable areas with high quality and high ecological value landscapes to protect
housing options the Visual Corridor from destructive structures and economic activities.
13. As an eco-cultural tourism center, include Cultural Heritage Protection
Zone as overlay zone in the CLUPs of component LGUs, especially in

Lake Sebu, Tboli and Polomolok to maintain the architectural character
of these places.
14. Reclaim easements along the lakes in Lake Sebu; regulate structure
design and height; and clear of structures / obstructions.
15. Ensure the completion of the revision/updating and approval of CLUPs
and Zoning Ordinances of the 11 LGUs.
16. Strengthen monitoring of land use plans and compliance to Zoning
Ordinances and other environmental laws (Creation of MMT-LEPIC at
the city/municipal levels).
17. Enforce and monitor compliance to housing and urban development
standards, Building Code, Zoning Ordinances.
18. Coordinate formulation/Updating of Local Shelter Plans of C/MLGUs.
19. Promote the location of sub-urban housing subdivisions in the
neighboring towns of Koronadal City for workers/employees such as in
Tantangan, Tupi and Banga.
20. Create Local Urban Development and Housing Offices at C/MLGUs.
4. Increasing demand for quality and resilient 1. Upgrade all remaining earth and gravel provincial roads into concrete
infrastructure to support the economic and roads.
social needs of the growing population 2. Upgrade/improve Farm-to-Market roads. Identify and prioritize proposed
road networks for upgrading to connect production areas to processing
a) Low percentage of
and marketing centers.
concreted/upgraded provincial roads 3. Identify bypass and diversion roads especially at peri-urban areas for
(about 30% concreted) to support opening or upgrading to reduce volume of vehicles passing through the
economic productivity and strengthen main thoroughfares of urban centers.
industry production and marketing 4. Formulate Transport and Traffic Management Plans, enact traffic laws,
link, and increase access to social install traffic mgt. infrastructures and traffic signages and devises to
services regulate traffic flow and ensure safety of commuters and pedestrians.
5. Provide spaces and infrastructure support/make available public spaces
b) Inadequate sources of potable water
for “Free Public Wifi” Project of DICT and UNDP.
especially in GIDAs 6. Promote the development of additional power plants especially renewable
c) Unstable power/electricity supply energy sources especially through PPP.
d) Traffic congestion in some urban 7. Aggressively install additional Level-2 potable water systems in remote
centers and poor rural barangays, and additional pumping stations for Level-3
e) Poor quality of farm-to-market roads potable water supply in urban barangays.
that would enhance economic 8. Explore and develop sustainable sources of potable water as Ram Pump
and Spring Water Development.
productivity and strengthen production 9. Explore and develop clean and renewable energy sources such as Solar
and marketing link Power and Biomass for stability of power supply.
f) Inadequate support utilities in tourism 10. Allocate spaces potential spaces for schools or educational facilities.
sites 11. Allocate space for expansion of provincial government hospitals especially
g) Poor quality of some roads leading to for SCPH.
tourism sites 12. Allocate space for half-way homes and facilities for different
disadvantaged sectors (women and children returnees, drug rehab) such
h) Poor internet connection due to limited
as Bahay Pag-asa.
number of internet and 13. Explore ‘landbanking’ or the assessment, identification and purchase of
telecommunication lots potential for future public or local government facility needs.
infrastructure/facilities particularly to 14. Identify and prioritize roads leading to tourism sites for upgrading.
support the “new normal” 15. Identify proposed areas for development into special economic zones
i) Inadequate number of classrooms/ (ECOZONES) or tourism economic zones.
school buildings and other educational 16. Strengthen M&E systems and mechanisms down to the city/municipal
level such as the creation of City / Municipal Project Monitoring
facilities
Committees.
j) Inadequate government hospital 17. Aggressively implement resource mobilization and fund outsourcing
spaces to accommodate more beds strategies.
especially for the indigents

(overcrowding at SCPH more than the 18. Develop an Investment Portfolio for the province both for investors and
bed capacity funding agencies.
k) Inadequate social protection and
protective service facilities especially
for the disadvantaged and
marginalized such as Bahay Pag-asa,
etc.
5. Increasing vulnerabilities of settlements to 1. All environmentally-constrained areas or areas prone to natural hazards
disaster and climate change risks including (weather, hydrologic and geologic) must be protected and must not be
risks to emerging infectious diseases utilized as settlements, infrastructure and production areas.
2. Appropriate structural and long-term non-structural strategies must be in
a) Inadequate disaster / epidemic
place for settlements in high-risk hazard areas (e.g., flooding, landslide).
management facilities per municipality 3. Potential areas for DRR/CCA facilities such as evacuation centers must
/ city be identified, evaluated and developed for such purposes.
b) Meandering, flooding and destruction 4. Potential areas for epidemic/pandemic response facilities such as isolation
of riverside infrastructure in major river and quarantine facilities must be identified for such purposes.
systems (e.g. Allah River) 5. Promote the adoption of renewable energy and green technologies in
c) Poor adoption of green building and infrastructure development.
6. Identify, delineate and regulate areas allowed for quarrying and other
green energy technologies to respond
activities in major river.
to climate change 7. Delineate and protect easements (3-20-40 meter rule in easements – Phil.
d) Encroachment of riparian zones / Water Code (PD 1067).
easements along bodies of water 8. Relocate displaced households and settlements in hazard areas
e) Presence of settlements in (Resettlement Program).
environmentally-constrained areas
(ECAs)
Source: PPDO
4.3.3 Proposed Land Uses
The proposed land uses capture the desired future development of the province and serve as the
policy guide for the formulation of the detailed CLUPs and Zoning Ordinances of its component LGU
territories. Hence, it requires a tedious, participatory and iterative process to come up with decisions
a to land allocations particularly taking into account the highest and best use of land in relation to
land capacity or the practical limits to which a particular land unit can be put to productive use or in
the economic use capacity.
The ultimate goal of the allocation of the proposed land uses is sustainable development or
inter-generational equity, which can only be achieved if the highest and best use of land does
not exceed the carrying capacity. Highest and best use of land refers to land used in a manner
that it provides an optimum return to its operator or society; while carrying capacity pertains to the
intensity of a particular use in which a land unit can be put without causing any significant damage to
the land resource.23
Based on the National Framework for Physical Planning (NFPP), there are four land use policy
areas from which policy guidelines shall focus on in ensuring the judicious and rational utilization of
land resources: (1) Protection Land Use or open or unbuilt spaces that serve as the life support
system for the human population; (2) Production Land Use or spaces for making a living; (3)
23

Settlements Development or Spaces for Living; and (4) Infrastructure Development or spaces for
the facilities and networks that support the other two spaces (production and settlement).
South Cotabato’s Land Use Plan per land use category is based on the abovementioned land
use policies and guidelines that highlight the protection of the environment and natural resources
through the regaining of the protection (50% and above slope) and production (18%-50%) forests
from encroaching economic activities; strict implementation of public easements and buffer zones;
protection of prime croplands; increased physical connectivity; and, enhanced physical or spatial
planning.
4.3.3.1 Protection Land Use Plan
Protection land use refers to uses pertaining to the rehabilitation, conservation, and management
of critical or sensitive ecosystems to preserve their integrity, to allow degraded resources to
regenerate and to protect the human population from environmental hazards.24 Protection land use
comprises the following: 1) areas declared as belonging to the National Integrated Protected Area
System (NIPAS) established under RA 7586; b) areas outside the NIPAS but nonetheless require
protection because of their distinctive physical features, anthropological significance, historical and
educational value, and biological diversity (Non-NIPAS); and c) areas prone to natural hazards or
environmentally-constrained areas (ECAs).25
The Protection Land Use areas are generally classified into four (4) as shown in Table 4.3.1: (a)
NIPAS Areas; (b) Non-NIPAS Areas composed of forests and critical watersheds, easements,
protected croplands and wetlands/marshes; (c) Rivers and Creeks; and (d) Lakes. This land use
category covers a total of 1,616.32 square kilometers or 38.92% of the total provincial land.
Aligned with the land use policy guidelines (Table 4.11), the provincial government, together with
all its component LGUs, shall endeavor to regain all encroached NIPAS areas and forests of the
province to be protected or conserved. Moreover, the watersheds approach to planning and
development as espoused by this plan dictates for all critical watersheds in the province to be
protected either as strict protection zones or sustainably for other uses such as Sustainable Use
Zone, Multiple-Use Zone or Recreation Zone for areas of high recreational or tourism values.
Easements along water bodies are also reserved for various public and ecological uses under
the Forestry Code (PD 705) and the Philippine Water Code (PD 1067). Hence, the plan delineates
areas along the banks of major lakes, rivers and creeks to be subjected to the easement of public
use within a zone of 3 meters in urban areas, 20 meters in agricultural areas, and 40 meters in forest
areas.26 These buffer zones shall be regarded as “no-build” zones.
Table 4.18 Protection Land Use Areas (in sq.km.) by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2028-2028
NON-NIPAS
RIVERS
CITY/ Forests /
NIPAS Protected AND LAKES TOTAL
MUNICIPALITY Critical Easements Wetlands
Croplands CREEKS
Watersheds
Banga 61.50 11.06 3.04 75.60
Koronadal 78.95 13.43 5.50 97.88
Lake Sebu 508.65 0.85 0.17 4.13 5.50 519.32
Norala 0.71 4.11 4.82
Polomolok 31.82 15.05 12.38 26.61 85.86
24
National Framework for Physical Planning (NFPP) (2001-2030)
25
26
Art. 51, PD 1067

NON-NIPAS
RIVERS
CITY/ Forests /
NIPAS Protected AND LAKES TOTAL
MUNICIPALITY Critical Easements Wetlands
Croplands CREEKS
Watersheds
Sto. Niño 0.82 3.81 4.63
Surallah 11.29 5.76 20.21 8.44 45.70
Tampakan 14.86 88.63 34.25 6.19 143.93
Tantangan 44.23 0.96 45.19
Tboli 375.41 5.09 19.24 399.74
Tupi 88.99 95.95 4.37 4.34 193.65
TOTAL 135.67 1,280.37 88.02 20.21 0.17 86.38 5.50 1,616.32
Source: PPDO based on data from various agencies: DENR, PASu-AVPL, NIA, NAMRIA, PEMO, C/MPDO
Previously, the province has two (2) proclaimed NIPAS areas – the Allah Valley Protected
Landscape (AVPL) covering a total land area in South Cotabato only of 1,000.90 sq.km. in the
municipalities of Tboli, Lake Sebu and Surallah, and the Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape (MMPL)
covering a total land area of 110.70 square kilometers in South Cotabato only located in the
municipalities of Polomolok, Tupi and Tampakan. However, with the passage into law of Republic
Act No. 11038, only MMPL remained covering a total land area of 135.67 square kilometers.
Compared to the existing protection land use, the proposed protection land use included Non-
NIPAS to cover forests and watersheds not covered under the NIPAS, easements along rivers and
creeks, protected croplands and marshes together comprising a huge 1,388.77 sq.km. when
regained from existing settlements and production uses. River and creek easements, especially
within the urban areas, are mostly not observed and built upon by residential or commercial
structures. The shores of the lakes in Lake Sebu within the easement zone are also encroached by
houses and economic activities.
Another important feature of the proposed protection land use is the delineation of the total of
20.21 sq. km. of protected croplands as a protection sub-category under the Non-NIPAS. These
areas are regarded as prime agricultural lands being irrigated croplands or irrigation service areas
that must be protected in view of the need to sustain food security. These areas must be restricted
from premature and unnecessary conversion (i.e. to residential, industrial and commercial areas).
Such areas are formerly classified under production land use and not warranted adequate protection
from premature conversion. Component LGUs may provide incentives in their Zoning Ordinances to
ensure the preservation of irrigated and irrigable croplands or prime agricultural lands.
The protection areas of the municipalities of Sto. Niño and Tantangan, which have none or very
little forest areas, are mostly comprised of rivers and creek and their easements. In the existing land
use, both LGUs being among the major producers of rice have the least protection land use areas
but with vast production areas.

Table 4.19 Comparative Protection Land Use Areas (Existing and Plan), South Cotabato
Protection Existing
Total Land Land Use Plan % to Total Land per Protection Increase/
City/Municipality
Area (sq.km) (2020-2028) City/Municipality Land Use-2018 Decrease(sq.km.)
(sq.km) (sq.km.)
Banga 240.35 75.60 0.31 64.95 10.65
Koronadal 277.00 97.88 0.35 84.45 13.43
Lake Sebu 891.76 519.32 0.58 534.67 -15.36
Norala 194.40 4.82 0.02 17.40 -12.58
Polomolok 347.10 85.86 0.25 67.67 18.19
Sto. Niño 109.72 4.63 0.04 4.17 0.46
Surallah 311.10 45.70 0.15 131.15 -85.45
Tampakan 288.11 143.93 0.50 185.10 -41.17
Tantangan 149.74 45.19 0.30 40.04 5.15
Tboli 1,041.61 399.74 0.38 371.00 28.74
Tupi 301.87 193.65 0.64 113.28 80.37
TOTAL 4,152.76 1,616.32 0.39 1,613.88 2.44
Source: PPDO Computation
Increases in protection land use areas are evident in almost all component LGUs of South
Cotabato in stark observance of the spatial planning principles of regaining protection and production
forests, easements and buffer zones as well as ensuring sufficiency of food supply by protecting the
irrigated croplands.
In terms of land area covered, Lake Sebu (519.31 sq. km.), Tboli (399.74 sq. km.) and Tupi
(193.65 sq.km.) have the largest protection areas. These areas are mostly part of the former AVPL
and MMPL with considerable portions classified as second growth forests. On the contrary, Sto. Niño
with 4.63 sq. km., and Norala with 4.82 sq. km. are at the bottom.

Map 4.23 Protection Land Use Plan, South Cotabato, 2020-2028
Source: PPDO

4.3.3.2 Production Land Use Plan
It is the primary policy under this land use category to ensure food sufficiency by protecting prime
agricultural lands from conversion or reclassification to other uses; improve public health and income
of households by promoting organic agriculture and urban agriculture; preserve agricultural
biodiversity; and lessen pressure of agricultural plantations in NIPAS areas and forestlands.
Production land use refers to the direct and indirect utilization of land resources for crop
production, fishery, livestock and poultry production, timber production, agro-forestry, industry and
tourism. Lands under this category include “agricultural areas, coastal and marine zones, production
forests, mineral lands, industrial and tourism development areas where productive activities could be
undertaken to meet the country’s requirements for economic growth.” 27
For South Cotabato, production land use largely comprises agricultural areas utilized for crop,
livestock and fishery production, including agro-industries within the vast croplands as poultries,
piggeries, rice mills, corn mills and rice processing centers. Production areas are delineated as those
below 18% slope of forestlands. In this plan, production forests within 18%-50% slope are still
covered under protection land use in order to be protected from the encroachment of settlements,
plantations and cash crops cultivation. These areas shall primarily be reserved for highly sustainable
agro-forestry, timber production or resource extraction activities.
Compared to the existing production land use, changes in production land use areas indicate a
general decline primarily as a result of the planned eradication of agricultural plantations encroaching
forest areas, critical watersheds and NIPAS areas. The premature and unwarranted reclassification
and conversion (legal or illegal) of agricultural lands to other uses to accommodate the steadily
increasing population and its space requirements for built-up areas contribute to the reduction of
production land areas.
Moreover, in view of the adopted land use policy of Watersheds Management Approach to
planning and development, actual mining activities are not covered in the production land use plan
since these areas are mostly located in identified critical watersheds of South Cotabato. Further,
mining is classified as an irreversible land use or a form of land use conversion which “alters the
original character of the land in such a way that the reversal of its former use or condition becomes
really difficult if not impossible.”28 Considering this, mining activities may potentially result in
watershed degradation unless stringent measures are in place to ensure conservation of watershed
resources despite the extraction activities.
Thus, mining areas, while production in the nature of the activities therein, are primarily regarded
and reflected as protection areas since these are located within critical watersheds and forest areas.
Hence, mineral lands within critical watersheds need to be protected for their economic as well as
ecological values to humanity and the environment. Mining and other resource exaction activities
may be allowed within watersheds, but totally prohibited within NIPAS-declared areas, as long as
Sustainable Management and Watershed Protection Plan, which contains effective measures to
ensure protection and sustainable management of important watershed resources, has been
presented and approved by the Provincial Land Use Committee.
27
28

Moreover, areas formerly classified under production land use but are within the 50% and above
slope, especially in Surallah, Tboli and Lake Sebu were lodged under protection land use to inhibit
further encroachment protection forests.
Despite the significant decrease in its total land area, reserving production land use areas is
directed to address unregulated reclassification and illegal conversion into residential areas.
Table 4.20 Production Land Use Areas (in sq.km.) by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2020-2028
City/
Agriculture Fishery Tourism Quarry Grassland Total
Municipality
Banga 145.21 0.45 145.66
Koronadal 119.62 0.09 119.71
Lake Sebu 317.48 0.09 0.45 33.68 351.69
Norala 182.52 0.02 0.00 182.54
Polomolok 207.30 0.35 0.02 207.68
Sto. Niño 94.53 0.27 0.07 94.87
Surallah 228.99 0.11 0.49 229.59
Tampakan 89.54 0.04 2.22 0.01 91.80
Tboli 625.38 0.13 625.51
Tupi 82.55 0.55 7.00 90.10
TOTAL 2,184.80 0.89 3.85 0.61 40.68 2,230.82
Source: PPDO, OPAG, PEMO, C/MPDO
Table 4.21 Comparative Production Land Use Areas (Existing and Plan), South Cotabato
Production Existing
Total Land
City/ Land Use Plan % to Total Land per Production Increase/
Area
Municipality (sq.km)
(2020-2028) City/Municipality Land Use- Decrease(sq.km.)
(sq.km) 2018 (sq.km.)
Banga 240.35 145.66 0.61 161.58 -15.92
Koronadal 277.00 119.71 0.43 142.44 -22.73
Lake Sebu 891.76 351.69 0.39 345.85 5.84
Norala 194.40 182.54 0.94 170.03 12.51
Polomolok 347.10 207.68 0.60 260.48 -52.80
Sto. Niño 109.72 94.87 0.86 96.18 -1.31
Surallah 311.10 229.59 0.74 156.85 72.74
Tampakan 288.11 91.80 0.32 91.80 0.00
Tantangan 149.74 91.68 0.61 94.28 -2.60
Tboli 1,041.61 625.51 0.60 658.81 -33.30
Tupi 301.87 90.10 0.30 177.32 -87.22
TOTAL 4,152.76 2,230.82 0.54 2,355.62 -124.80
Tboli has the largest production land use area at approximately 625.51 sq. km. (60.05% of its
total land area) followed by Lake Sebu with 351.69 sq. km. (39.44% of its total land area) and Surallah
with 229.59 sq. km (73.80% of its total land area). On the other hand, while it may seem like the
municipalities of Tantangan, Sto. Niño and Norala have the least production areas compared to the
other towns, these municipalities actually have the biggest share of their respective areas utilized for
agricultural production, only that their total land areas are smaller compared to the other LGUs.In
total, approximately 124.80 sq. km. was reduced from South Cotabato’s production land use areas.

Map 4.24 Production Land Use Plan, South Cotabato, 2020-2028
Source: PPDO

4.3.3.3 Infrastructure Land Use Plan
Infrastructure land use provides the built-up environment that allows production, consumption
and service activities to take place. The major policies under this land use category includes the
construction and development of disaster risk and climate change resilient and green technical
infrastructure through green architecture; the exploration and development of clean and renewable
sources of energy particularly solar power considering the projection of decreasing rainfall in South
Cotabato for the next 20-50 years; and increasing connectivity and access of people to basic
services though the improvement of the quality of transport/transit facilities and pedestrian spaces.
All these are aimed at pursuing green urbanism or the sustainable and resilient development of
built-up areas.
The Infrastructure Land Use in this plan refers to the type of material infrastructure that forms part
of the physical capital stock of an economy used as basic input into productive activities.29 In this
plan, technical infrastructure includes transportation (road network and public transport terminals),
power, water, telecommunications and waste management facilities.
It is projected that infrastructure areas will increase by 2.87% with a total of 62.70 sq. km.
occupied by roads and bridges, water and power utilities and telecommunication facilities all over
South Cotabato. Such increase was precipitated by road expansion and opening proposals and
projects intended to be implemented within the planning period. The figures provided however serve
as rough estimates in relation to urbanization levels and plans from the Department of Public Works
and Highways (DPWH).
The total infrastructure development area is expected to increase by an additional area of 6.02
sq. km. by the end of the planning period. This additional area will be contributed by the construction
of proposed major road networks, both national and provincial, that are planned for implementation
during the next nine (9) years in order to increase connectivity of rural centers to urban centers, and
support the realization of the overall spatial development framework of equitable growth through
increased rural-urban linkages. This thrust is supported by the DPWH’s target of the concreting and
expansion of all national highways into four (4) lanes. Planned infrastructure development will also
include the establishment of integrated public transport terminals in Tupi and Polomolok.
Focused on connecting lagging regions with economic potentials to the primary growth nodes
especially within their respective growth cluster, the municipalities of Tupi, Tboli and Lake Sebu will
have more new road development/upgrading projects, including roads that would directly connect
Lake Sebu and Tboli and the rest of the towns in the far western part of the province to the
neighboring Gen. Santos City and Sarangani Province.
Map 4.15 shows the proposed major infrastructure projects in South Cotabato that would support
the physical and functional integration of the province’s three (3) growth clusters or community
regions (rice growth cluster, corn growth cluster and HVC growth cluster) and tourism beltways.
Considering both the existing and proposed physical infrastructure, Koronadal City as the capital
town of South Cotabato still has the largest infrastructure development areas with about 1, 717 has.
or 17.17 sq. km., followed by Surallah and Polomolok which are fast-urbanizing municipalities with
visions of becoming component cities in the future with 1,336 has. (13.36 sq.km.) and 8.65 sq.km.
(865 has.), respectively.
29
Schmidt-Kallert, LectureNotes, SPRING-University of Dortmund, Germany, 2010
Table 4.22 Infrastructure Land Use Areas (in has.) by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2020-2028
Public
City/ Road
Transport Water Power Telecom SLF Total
Municipality Network
Terminal
Banga 538.27 0.30 0.03 0.40 0.00 0.00 539.00
Koronadal 1,701.84 0.70 0.24 1.74 0.00 12.48 1,717.00
Lake Sebu 264.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 265.00
Norala 316.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 316.06
Polomolok 853.50 6.00 0.47 0.07 0.00 5.00 865.04
Sto. Niño 389.99 1.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 50.00 441.05
Surallah 1,317.70 4.00 0.19 8.11 0.00 6.00 1,336.00
Tampakan 383.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 388.00
Tantangan 395.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 400.00
Tboli 349.90 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 351.00
Tupi 387.85 2.00 0.11 0.04 0.00 0.00 390.00
Total 6,897.55 17.60 1.16 10.36 0.00 81.48 7,008.15
Source: PPDO, C/MPDO
Looking at the share of infrastructure land use among the respective LGUs, Lake Sebu, Norala
and Tboli have the least infrastructure development areas considering their general topography and
the vast portion of their areas covered by forestlands under the protection land use. In view of the
share of infrastructure uses within the individual territories, Lake Sebu and Tboli would still have the
least share compared to their total land areas at 0.30% and 0.34%, respectively. Understandably so,
since these two (2) municipalities are also the biggest municipalities in terms of territory size and are
mostly of mountainous terrain.
Table 4.23 Comparative Infrastructure Land Use Areas (Existing and Plan), South Cotabato
Total Infrastructure Existing
Land Land Use Plan % to Total Land per Infrastructure Increase/
City/Municipality
Area (2020-2028) City/Municipality Land Use-2018 Decrease(sq.km.)
(sq.km) (sq.km) (sq.km.)
Banga 240.35 5.39 2.24 3.05 2.34
Koronadal 277.00 17.17 6.20 16.51 0.66
Lake Sebu 891.76 2.65 0.30 2.11 0.54
Norala 194.40 3.16 1.63 3.16 0.00
Polomolok 347.10 8.65 2.49 8.60 0.05
Sto. Niño 109.72 4.41 4.02 4.38 0.03
Surallah 311.10 13.36 4.29 11.48 1.88
Tampakan 288.11 3.88 1.35 3.78 0.10
Tantangan 149.74 4.00 2.67 3.95 0.05
Tboli 1,041.61 3.51 0.34 3.50 0.01
Tupi 301.87 3.90 1.29 3.54 0.36
TOTAL 4,152.76 70.08 1.69 64.06 6.02

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2020-2028)

Map 4.25 Infrastructure Development Plan (2020-2028)
Source: PPDO

4.3.3.4 Settlements Land Use Plan
The settlement development plan of South Cotabato aims to address persisting challenges in
settlements development particularly the sprouting of unplanned and sub-standard settlements
usually in peri-urban areas, presence of built-up areas in environmentally constrained and disaster
hazard zones, and providing for the projected shelter needs due to housing backlog and population
growth.
Settlements development focuses on the spatial distribution of shelter, infrastructure and

networks, and services. It is also concerned with the interrelationship of settlements as they develop
and establish functional linkages based on their respective resource endowments and comparative
advantages.30
Hence, the proposed hierarchy of settlements based on the analysis of the existing spatial
distribution and form of settlements serves as a significant input in determining the spatial
requirement for settlement development uses as well as in identifying the desired settlement pattern
and spatial structure for South Cotabato.
4.3.3.4.1 Proposed Hierarchy of Settlements
The Proposed Hierarchy of Settlements was drawn out from the settlement pattern analysis using
the same parameters, indicators and methods in settlement pattern analysis used in the
determination of the existing hierarchy of settlements (Chapter 2, 2.3-Population and Settlements)
summarized in Table 4.17. The development potentials of each municipality based on selected
indicators were considered and weighed to determine if they qualify to move up to the next level of
hierarchy. Amenities and facilities in higher urban centers will provide for the health, education,
recreation and other social and economic needs not only of their respective residents but also of
those in the adjoining lower levels. As an analytical tool, a comparative analysis of selected
demographic, economic, fiscal and social indicators was then made to guide the analysis of proposed
hierarchy of settlements as well as decisions in plotting the overall spatial framework, results of which
are shown in Table 4.18.
In the proposed hierarchy of settlements, there are only five (5) levels of hierarchy: Primary
Urban Center, Major Urban Center, Minor Urban Center, Intermediate Urban Center and
Emerging Growth Center. It is envisioned for existing intermediate urban centers to function as
minor growth centers by the end of the planning period.
Table 4.24 Parameters and Indicators Used in the Settlement Pattern Analysis
Parameters Description / Indicators
Demographic analysis yielded information on population characteristics by
city/municipality necessary to assess available human resources for development, the
Demography and Spatial distribution of people across urban and rural places, and the presence of critical physical
Distribution infrastructures and facilities measured in terms of the following indictors: population size,
population growth rate, population density, inventory of existing urban facilities and
infrastructures, and urbanization trend.
30

Parameters Description / Indicators
Economic analysis allowed for the identification of the economic base, economic
Competitiveness specialization, and functional roles of the component settlements in provincial and regional
(Economic Indicators) development using the following specific indicators: productivity, competitive and
comparative advantages, and number of businesses and investments.
Livability (Social Demographic indicators were further compared with the level of poverty in each
Indicators) settlement. Poverty incidence was used as an indicator for livability.
Institutional analysis was limited to the aspect of local development financing measured in
Governance (Institutional terms of the city/municipalities’ local revenues, and IRA-dependency or fiscal autonomy.
Indicators) These indicators tell whether the local economies have realistically gained from the
presence of multi-national companies and the growth of new investments in the localities.
Source: PPDO, Reference: Bernd Jenssen (ed), Planning as a Dialogue: District Development Planning and Management in
Developing Countries, 1998
Table 4.25 Comparative Analysis of Selected Demographic, Economic/Fiscal and Social Indicators (Ranking) by
Indicators (Rank)
Population Urbanization
City/ Population No. of Local Fiscal Poverty
Municipality Population Density
Growth Level (Urban
Businesses Revenues Autonomy Incidence
(2015) Rate Population)
(2015) (2015) (2015 (2015) (2015
(2015) (2015)
Koronadal 1 1 5 1 1 1 4 11
Polomolok 2 2 6 2 2 2 1 10
Surallah 5 4 4 3 3 4 3 7
Tupi 7 7 3 6 5 3 2 3
Tampakan 11 9 8 8 6 7 6 4
Banga 6 5 7 4 7 6 6 6
Sto. Niňo 10 3 11 10 8 10 8 9
Norala 8 8 10 9 9 9 5 8
Tboli 3 10 1 7 4 5 9 2
Lake Sebu 4 11 2 5 11 8 11 1
Tantangan 9 6 9 11 10 11 10 5
Source: PPDO based on data from PSA-NSO, PSA-NSCB, PGO-LEIPO, PTO, PBO, PACCO, Koronadal City Accounting Office
By 2028, Koronadal City remains as the primary urban center being the provincial capital and
Region XII administrative center.
Polomolok is another primary growth node but with different concentration of functional roles from
Koronadal City. Polomolok, which records high local revenues with the greatest fiscal autonomy of
only 22% dependency from IRA from among the 11 component LGUs, has the biggest potential to
be a primary urban center like Koronadal City. Being the seat of provincial and regional governance,
however, Koronadal City shall continue to gain primacy as it offers higher-level specialized services.
Drawing on the decentralized concentration strategy, Surallah’s development will also be
aggressively supported to become another growth center with higher-level services at the upper
valley area at the same level of Polomolok at the lower valley area. The municipalities of Polomolok
and Surallah together shall be positioned as Major Urban Centers with specialized urban and agro-
processing services in the eastern and western parts of South Cotabato.
Surallah, is a fast-growing alternate center for provincial-level services especially with the full
operation of the SOCCSKSARGEN General Hospital (SGH) in Surallah that would serve at least four
(4) adjoining municipalities. As the primary growth node in that area, it will provide secondary level
urban services as commerce and trade, finance, health and education. As the Provincial Agri-
Industrial Center, it will be the consolidation, processing and trading center for the agricultural
products coming from its neighboring satellite or production centers.
By this time, Banga and Tupi will also move up to the next level as Minor Growth Centers. In
2015, Tupi has shown strong fiscal autonomy and local revenue generation as it ranked 3rd among
eleven LGUs in terms of local revenues generated and overall 2ndleast dependent LGU to the national
allocation or IRA. Being currently intermediate towns between highly-urbanized centers and adjacent
to the provincial capital, they have become the expansion areas of urbanization as well as recipients
of the spillover of dynamic socio-economic growth of their neighboring higher urban centers.
The growth of the six (6) satellite centers of Tantangan, Norala, Sto. Niño, Tampakan, Lake Sebu
and Tboli will be encouraged and aggressively supported according to their own economic
specializations as production and tourism centers. Considering the dynamism of local governance,
aggressive local economic strategies and establishment of big industries that could spur local
economy, the municipalities of Tboli, Tantangan and Tampakan are expected to scale up as new
Intermediate Urban Centers. The municipality of Tboli has manifested aggressive efforts towards
investment promotion where it consistently placed among the Top 5 LGUs in terms of number of
businesses and amount of local revenues.
The geographically-contiguous towns of Sto. Niño and Norala will continue to be supported to
become Emerging Centers for Agriculture Development and Agri-based Industrialization. On the
other hand, Lake Sebu will be positioned as Emerging Center for Agriculture and Tourism. In these
areas, there will be improved infrastructures and strengthened economic systems as a result of
agricultural modernization and tourism vibrancy.
It is expected that initiatives that aggressively support and promote the development of new
growth centers would spur economic dynamism and trickle-down effects within the realm of the
urban-rural interface, and eventually manifest in poverty reduction and inclusive growth in the entire
province where no one is left behind.
Table 4.26 Comparison of Trends Between the Existing and Proposed Hierarchy of Settlements, 2018 and 2028
• Provincial Capital and Regional Administrative Center
• Primary Urban Services Center for Commerce and
Primary Urban Center Koronadal Koronadal
Trade, Financial, Health, Education, Housing, Tourism
Support and Transportation
• Major Alternate Urban Services Center (Agro-
processing, Manufacturing and Industrial
Polomolok
Development, Suburban Residential Development)
• Pineapple Production Center
Major Urban Center • Secondary Tourism Hub
• Major Alternate Urban Services Center (Commerce
and Trade, Tourism Support)
Surallah
• Provincial Agri-Industrial Center (PAIC)
• Secondary Agro-processing Hub
Alternate Urban Center Polomolok
Banga Crops Production (Corn, Abaca)
• Secondary Agro-industrial Development Hub
Minor Urban Center • Tourism Support Hub
• Minor Urban Services Center (Agri-trading and
Tupi Processing)
• Regional Agro-industrial Hub
• Flower, Fruit and Vegetable Basket
• Papaya Production Center
Intermediate Urban Banga Tantangan Crops Production (Mango)
Center Tupi • Secondary Agro-industrial Development Hub
• Pottery / Ceramics Production Center
• Primary Eco-cultural Tourism Hub
• Commercial Crops Production Center (Banana,
Tboli
Abaca)
• Mining Development Area
• Commercial Crops Production Center
Tampakan • Mining Development Area
Emerging Urban Center
Norala • Rice Granary
(Agri-Industrial
Sto. Niño • Expansion Area for Commercial Crops Production
Development)
Emerging Urban Center • Primary Eco-cultural Tourism Hub
Lake Sebu
(Agri-Industry and • Inland Fishery Center
Tourism Development) • Mining Industry Potential
Satellite Centers A Tantangan
(Agri-Industrial Norala
Development) Sto. Niño
Satellite Centers B Lake Sebu
(Agri-Industry and Tboli
Tourism Development) Tampakan
Source: PPDO

Ma p 4.26 Proposed Hierarchy of Settlements, South Cotabato, 2020-2028
Source: PPDO

4.3.3.4.2 Settlements Land Use Accounting
Based on the Shelter Needs Assessment initially conducted by the eleven (11) city and municipalities
in view of the formulation of their respective Local Shelter Plans, housing needs due to backlog and
population growth and corresponding space requirement for settlements are projected. Together, all
component LGUs would need an additional 64.06 square kilometers for built-up areas, excluding new
road and other infrastructure networks, by 2028
Table 4.27 Settlements Land Use Areas (in sq.km.) by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2014-2019
Settlements Existing
% of
City/ Total Land Area Land Use Plan % to Total Land per Settlements Increase/
Change/
Municipality (sq.km) (2014-2019) City/Municipality Land Use- Decrease
Variance
(sq.km) 2013 (sq.km.)
Banga 240.35 13.70 5.70% 10.77 3.0543 27.2%
Koronadal 277 42.24 15.25% 33.60 16.5078 25.7%
Lake Sebu 891.76 18.11 2.03% 9.13 2.1100 98.4%
Norala 194.4 3.88 2.00% 3.81 3.1606 1.8%
Polomolok 347.1 44.91 12.94% 10.35 8.6004 333.9%
Sto. Niño 109.72 5.81 5.30% 4.99 4.3796 16.4%
Surallah 311.1 22.45 7.22% 11.62 11.4810 93.2%
Tampakan 288.11 8.42 2.92% 7.43 3.7800 13.4%
Tantangan 149.74 8.87 5.92% 11.47 3.9500 -22.7%
Tboli 1041.61 12.85 1.23% 8.30 3.5000 54.8%
Tupi 301.87 14.22 4.71% 7.73 3.5405 84.0%
TOTAL 4,152.76 195.46 65.22% 119.20 64.0642 64.0%
Source: PPDO, C/MPDO Data, 2014
Polomolok will have the largest settlements development area with 44.91 sq. km. in preparation
for its conversion into a component city and due to the lure of employment provided by DOLE
Philippines and other big commercial and processing/manufacturing companies. Koronadal City,
being the Seat of Regional and Provincial Governance, will have the second largest settlements
development area with 42.24 sq. km. On the other hand, Surallah, having 22.45 sq. km. will be the
town with the third largest settlement areas due to its high and increasing population growth rate as
a result of influx in investment opportunities.
A sharp difference separates Norala and Sto. Niňo in the bottom in terms of settlement
development areas. Aside from being the top two (2) smallest land areas, these municipalities are
largely composed of agricultural communities where there is sporadic or dispersed distribution of
small concentrations or settlements. Moreover, a pattern of out-migration is evident especially
considering percentages of the economically active population finding employment in large urban
centers such as Surallah, Koronadal and Polomolok.
A total of 64% accounts for increases in settlement areas as projected within the planning period.
Norala(1.8%) will have the lowest percentage of increase from the existing land use since population
growth rate of thisLGU have been slowing down for the past two (2) censal periods. The LGU may
still expand its urban areas through in-filling and vertical development, since Sto. Niño being the
smallest town may have already reached its urban expansion threshold or the allowable limit for it to
still reclassify its agricultural areas to urban uses so that it can still preserve its prime agricultural land
and remain as the Rice Granary of South Cotabato..

Map 4.27 Settlements Land Use Plan, South Cotabato, 2020-2028
Source: PPDO

4.3.3.5 The Provincial Land Use Plan
The desired land distribution per land use category as guided by the overall spatial framework
and aligned with the land use strategies and policy framework illustrates the overall Provincial Land
Use Plan of South Cotabato, which integrates the Protection Land Use Plan, Production Land Use
Plan, Infrastructure Land Use Plan and Settlements land Use Plan. Such distribution provides an
indicative guide on how to best achieve the long term vision of the province while ensuring
sustainability and preserving the carrying capacity of the environment, continuously providing
adequate services and allocating sufficient space for possible developmental directions. The land
use plan of the province will serve as an indicative framework for the preparation of the detailed land
use plans of its component city and municipalities.
The provincial land use plan recognizes the urgency of putting adequate attention to regaining
and preserving the protection areas, hence, there were significant increase in both its overall total as
well as that of the component LGUs. The delineation of irrigated agricultural areas as protected
croplands and multiple use zones in NIPAS areas Figure 4.2 Percentage Share per Land Use Category,
has further bloated the protection land use areas, Provincial Land Use Plan, 2020-2028
when in reality, these protected croplands and
MUZs are utilized for production and other uses LAND USE ALLOCATION
but must be protected from reclassification or 5%
1%
conversion to urban uses. Production areas
represent 54% or approximately 2,230.82sq. km. PRODUCTION
It is followed by protection land use areas with
PROTECTION
1,656.39 sq. km. more or less constituting 40% 54%
INFRASTRUCTURE
only40% of the total land area. Infrastructure and
settlement development areas, which comprise SETTLEMENTS
the built-up areas, have the smallest shares with
only 1% and 5%, respectively. Together, the
existing built-up areas and urbanizable land, make
Source: PPDO
up about 6% of the total provincial land.
Table 4.28 Land Use Plan per Land Use Category and Area (sq.km.), by City/Municipality, South Cotabato, 2020-2028
Banga 145.66 75.60 5.39 13.70 240.35
Koronadal 119.71 97.88 17.17 42.24 277.00
Lake Sebu 351.69 519.32 2.65 18.11 891.76
Norala 182.54 4.82 3.16 3.88 194.40
Polomolok 207.68 85.86 8.65 44.91 347.10
Sto. Niño 94.87 4.63 4.41 5.81 109.72
Surallah 229.59 45.70 13.36 22.45 311.10
Tampakan 91.80 184.01 3.88 8.42 288.11
Tantangan 91.68 45.19 4.00 8.87 149.74
Tboli 625.51 399.74 3.51 12.85 1,041.61
Tupi 90.10 193.65 3.90 14.22 301.87
TOTAL 2,230.82 1,656.39 70.08 195.46 4,152.76
Source: PPDO

Map 4.28 Provincial Land Use Plan, South Cotabato, 2020-2028
Source: PPDO

Chapter 5
SECTORAL DEVELOPMENT P
CHAPTER 5.1
POPULATION AND SETTLEMENTS DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Population refers to a set of statistical objects for statistical analysis. It is the number of people
or inhabitants in a country or region. It is the total of individuals occupying an area, the number of
people who live in a place.
This sector is at the core of planning and development management as the role of
population is crucial as beneficiaries/target groups, stockholders, project
implementers/managers, as well as electorates/sovereign. Hence, the planning and
development process always begins with the understanding of the size,
composition, density, distance and growth of human populations, and the
causes of consequences of changes in these factors.
Based on the results of 2015 Census of Population (POPCEN 2015), the province of South
Cotabato posted a total population of 915,289 persons as of August 1, 2015 and recorded an
annual population growth rate (PGR) of 1.94% (2010-2015)
Human settlements, on the other hand, are generally the places where places or the population
lives. It refers to the totality of the human community--whether city, town, or village--with all the social,
material, organizational, spiritual and cultural elements that sustain it.1 A settlement can therefore
range in size from a small number of dwellings grouped together to the largest of cities with
surrounding urbanized areas. According to the study of human settlements by Doxiadis2, a
settlement is composed of (5) elements that interact with each other: man/woman, nature, society,
shell and network. The relationships and interactions between and among these elements result in
the formation of settlements—the physical manifestation of the social organization of space (Roberts,
1996).3
In South Cotabato, about 3.11% of the total land area is utilized as built up areas or settlements
land use. The two (2) subsectors under the sector--population management and settlements pattern
and development--are intertwined such that the nature of movement, urbanization and growth of
population shape the resulting form and pattern of human settlements.
Major issues and concerns, goals, objectives and targets including strategies, programs and
projects related to population and settlements are presented in this chapter.
1
Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements
2
Dr. Konstantino A. Doxiadis, Lecture Notes of EnP Ces Orquina, 2013
3
Lecture Notes of Arch. Sara Caimi, SPRING, TU-Dortmund, 2009
5-1 | CHAPTER 5: SECTORAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS
LANS
5.1.1 Development Issues and Problems
5.1.1.1. Population Change and Urbanization
South Cotabato should see to it that its socio-economic performances and services are
sufficiently and equitably provided to all its population. The rational distribution of population across
the eleven (11) component settlements of the province is viewed as a major challenge that must be
realized in order to ensure the equitable access of the people to socio-economic goods, services and
opportunities. Apart from this, efforts in disseminating vital information relative to the different factors
affecting population should be well regarded.
The core issue under this subsector is the concentration of population in a few urban centers
and the rapidly growing population (high population growth rates) in municipalities with the most
number of poor households. Specifically, the following are the major issues and problems in the
population management subsector:
• Gender development
• Adolescent development
• Relatively high population growth rate
• Other issues such as:
o Limited awareness on risky behaviors including mental health among adolescents and
parents
o Lack of data base on IP population and profile in South Cotabato
o Lack of marriage registration documents among IP couples
o Absence/lack of IP marriage and birth registration documents
o Absence/lack of Muslim Profiling/data
o Absence/lack of Muslim marriage and birth registration documents
o Uneven spatial distribution of population across the province (high primacy of Koronadal
City and Polomolok)
5.1.1.2. Settlement Pattern and Development
A spatial design in which settlements are laid out in the landscape of the provincial environs
should be well planned out. Size, structures, functions and contributions of settlements to the growth
and development of South Cotabato should be well-analyzed for the betterment of its humanity.
The core issues under this sub-sector are poor urban planning and management resulting in
urban congestion and destruction of the visual corridors, frequent occurrence of flood, vulnerability
of settlements located in hazard-prone areas and the proliferation of the informal economy along the
public sidewalks of road-right-of-way. Specifically, the following are the major issues and problems
in the settlement pattern and development subsector:
CHAPTER 5: SECTORAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS | 5-2

• Poor urban planning, design and management in city/municipalities resulting in urban
congestion, flooding and destruction of the visual corridors
• Weak enforcement of Zoning Ordinances (ZO)
• Weak Urban-Rural Linkage resulting to disparity of income and economic opportunities
among settlements
• Occurrence of flooding in settlement areas due to inadequate drainage facilities
• Expansion and rapid growth of the informal street economy/street trading (talipapas, BBQ
stands, and drinking strips)
• Weak physical and functional integration of city/municipalities
• Presence of settlements/informal settlers in identified environmentally-constrained areas
(ECAs)/road-right-of-way, riparian zones, etc.
• Unresolved boundary disputes among city/municipalities and between the province and the
its neighbouring areas
5.1.2 Goals Objectives Targets Strategies and PPAs
The succeeding tables present the corresponding goals, objectives, and targets to address the
identified major issues and challenges on populations and settlements.

Table 5.1.1 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Population Development Sub-sector
Goals: Rational Management and Distribution of Population for Equitable Access to Resources and Economic Opportunities, Gender-sensitive Population and Empowered
Women, Children, Youth and Indigenous Peoples
Lead Agency/
Issues Objectives Targets Strategies PPAs Timeframe Location
Department
Relatively High Population • To reduce Annual • 1.48% Population • Conduct campaign on • Responsible
Growth Rate Population Growth Growth Rate (National) Responsible Parenthood and
• High total fertility rate Rate, focusing on • 2.9% Total Fertility Parenthood Family Planning
• Low coverage of Birth Rate Rate • Institutionalize (RP/FP) Program
contraceptive use in some • To reduce total • Contraceptive Contraceptive Self- • Convergence
municipalities fertility rate Prevalence Rate reliance Strategy at Approach to
• High FP unmet needs • To increase (National Standard: C/MLGUs Poverty Reduction
especially in contraceptive use in 65%) • Make sufficient Program
Geographically Isolated some municipalities • Zero unmet needs on contraceptive supplies
and Displaced Areas • To improve FP services available

(GIDAS) despite the 72% response to unmet • 100% GIDA reached • Strengthen public- 2020-2028 Province-wide PPO, PGO-BAU
Contraceptive Prevalence needs on FP for Population private partnership
Rate (CPR) services in GIDAS Development Programs • Focus population
management efforts in
rural municipalities with
high poverty incidence
• Implement poverty
reduction strategies in a
convergence approach
through the Barangay
Affairs Unit
Inadequate baseline 100% profiling of teen • Gather baseline
data/profile of teen moms To improve baseline moms in C/MLGUs data/profile of teen
for FP services and other data/profile of teen moms 2020-2028 Province-wide PPO, PGO-BAU
interventions moms

| 5-4
Table 5.1.2 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Settlement Pattern and Development Sub-sector
Goals: Highly Livable Province with Functionally-integrated, Sustainable, Green and Smart Towns and Cities
Lead Agency/
Department
Uneven spatial To effect a more At least 10% • Adopt an integrated Rural-
distribution of even distribution decrease in the rate Urban Strategy to spatial
population across the of population of in-migration to • Construction of Roads OPAg, PGO-ACTM,
development 2020-2028 Province-wide
province (high primacy across the Koronadal City and • Strengthen rural Leading to Tourism Sites PEO, C/MLGUs
of Koronadal City and province Polomolok by 2028 development strategies to
Polomolok) prevent migration of labor
from rural to urban centers
while managing the • Provision of Agriculture
negative impact of urban Agri-industrial and Tourism
development in urban OPAg, PGO-ACTM,
Support Facilities and
centers 2020-2028 Province-wide PGO-BAU. PEO,
Utilities in Strategic
• Prioritize tourism C/MLGUs
Locations in Urban and
development in lagging Rural Areas
towns with high tourism
potentials

Poor urban planning, To improve 11 C/MLUs with Adopt Smart • Formulation of Urban
design and urban planning, Urban Development Growth/Compact Development and
2020-2028 Province-wide PPDO, C/MLGUs
management in design and and Management Development and Green Management Plan per
city/municipalities management in Plans Development Approaches C/MLGU
resulting in urban city/municipalities
congestion, flooding • Conduct of Search for
and destruction of the Clean and Green 2020-2028 Province-wide PEMO, CMLGUs
visual corridors City/Municipalities
Weak Enforcement of To strengthen 11 C/MLGUs with Conduct consultations with • Operationalization of the
Zoning Ordinance Enforcement of updated Zoning local planning/zoning
Provincial Multi-Partite
Zoning Ordinances/CLUP officers t address issues on
Team on Land Use and
Ordinances that are strictly land use and zoning 2020-2028 Province-wide
Environmental Policies and
enforced
Implementation and
Compliance (PMMT-LEPIC)
• Creation of C/MLGU-level
MMT-LEPIC
Sub-sector: Settlement Pattern and Development
Lead Agency/
Department
Weak Urban-Rural To reduce 10% increase above • Intensify promotion of • Convergence Approach to
Linkage resulting in disparity of the normal average industries that boost the 2020-2028 Province-wide PGO-BAU
Poverty Reduction
disparity of income and income and rate of increase in economy and utilize raw
economic opportunities economic the local revenues materials of rural
across settlements opportunities of all C/MLGUs by communities • Finalization of City/Municipal
among 2028 • Intensify Revenue 2020-2028 Province-wide PTO, C/MLGUs
Revenue Generation Plan
settlements Generation Strategies per
C/MLGUs
Occurrence of flooding • To ensure • 11 C/MLGUs with • Strict enforcement of
in settlement areas strict implemented environmental laws
• Construction of Drainage
due to inadequate implementation drainage master • Monitor implementation of
Canals, Box Culverts and
drainage facilities of plans Flood Control and other Flood Control PEO, DPWH,
environmental • Identified critical Drainage Master Plans of 2020-2028 Province-wide
Structures C/MLGUs
laws flood control C/MLGUs
• Formulation of Drainage
• To mitigate structures
Master Plan per LGU
occurrence of constructed
flooding
Expansion and rapid To regulate and • 100% of street • Facilitate and formulate
growth of the informal formalize the economic policies for the
street economy/street growth of the activities mainstreaming of informal
trading (talipapas, BBQ informal street monitored and street vendors into the
stands, drinking strips) economy regulated formal economy
• 50% of the • Ensure that street • Formulation of Urban
informal street economic activities do not Development and
LEIPO, PPDO,
economy result in urban Management Plan
2020-2028 Province-wide PEMO, PTO,
mainstreamed into blight/decay • Crafting of Policy for the
C/MLGUs
the formal sector • Protect urban aesthetics, Formalization of Informal
sanitation and visual Street Economy
corridor
• Transform the street
economy into street
tourism
• Design the streetscapes

| 5-6
Sub-sector: Settlement Pattern and Development
Lead Agency/
Department
Weak physical and To enhance 80% of roads linking Improve physical access of • Opening and Upgrading of
functional integration of physical and to satellite centers people in rural areas to Roads Linking Rural Centers to
city/municipalities functional (rural municipalities) social services and Urban Centers
integration of to urban service economic opportunities by • Construction of Basic Social,
city/municipalities centers adopting both transport Material and Economic
opened/constructed/ (improving transport Infrastructures in Rural Centers 2020-2028 Province-wide PEO/CMLGUs
improved by 2019 infrastructure and system) (e.g. Potable Water Supply,
and non-transport-related schools, terminals, sanitary
interventions (bringing toilets,
health/school facilities,
closer to people)
Presence of To remove 100% relocation of
• Relocate settlers along • Conduct of inventory and

settlements/informal informal settlers settlers along hazard-prone areas Profiling of Informal Settlers in
settlers in identified along road right hazard-prone areas • Provide resettlement sites Hazard Prone Areas
environmentally- of way, riparian PGO-PDRRMO,
and livelihood for the • Formulation and
constrained areas zones, etc. 2020-2028 Province-wide CMLGUs, DHSUD ,
informal settlers Implementation of Resettlement
(ECAs)/road-right-of- PPDO

• Strictly implement the Plan for Informal Settlers
way, riparian zones, national directives to clear • Formulation of Local Shelter
etc. RROWs Plans of LGUs
Unresolved boundary To resolve 100% of boundary • Lodge all boundary
disputes among boundary conflict disputes resolved conflict issues with the
city/municipalities and for maximized respective SBs/SPs or
between the province land use the Sangguniang
C/MLGUs,
and its neighboring potentials Panlalawigan
2020-2028 Province-wide Sangguniang
areas • Fast-track resolution of
Panlalawigan,
boundary conflict
issues lodged at the
Sangguniang
Panlalawigan
Source: PPDO
Chapter 5.2
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN
The positive and vibrant economic performance of the Local Government Units is the backbone
of a strong and resilient national economy. Thus, the Provincial Government has a crucial role in
aiding and providing access to all the players of the economic sector in the form of programs, projects,
activities and policy support.
Empowering our farmers and fisherfolk is crucial in

sustaining not only our economy but most especially
Among the sub-sectors of economy,
the health and well-being of our populace dependent
the Agriculture, fishery and on their produce.
livestock gained majority of support
because aside from food sufficiency The COVID -19 pandemic is the biggest challenge
being a basic need, majority of the in the economy of the province. It has affected majority
members of the informal sector are of the working population and MSMEs because of the
imposition of Enhanced Community Quarantine and
farmers and fisherfolk.
General Community Quarantine wherein majority of
the industries were temporarily shutdown.
The economic development plan reflects the

current state of the province’s economy as shown in the issues and concerns that recur and new
issues that arise due to the challenges brought about by changes in the environment and even world
economy. Some of the issues/concerns in the plan require long term efforts from the provincial
government with the support of the different National Government Agencies while some of them can
be addressed through an activity or policy support.
5.2.1.1 Trade, Industry and Investment Promotion
The investment climate of the province has moved into bolder opportunities and untapped
resources like Solar Power generation and maximizing Private Public Partnership (PPP). Support to
infrastructure and facilities is still needed as the trading and industrial activities in the province widen.
Moreover, for trade and industry to thrive, there is a need to draw more investments and therefore
imperative to make the incentives both fiscal and non-fiscal more attractive. It is also a prerequisite
for component LGUs to establish their own complete databank on trade and investment to facilitate
easy access of information by the investors.
The following are the major issues and problems in the trade and investment sub-sector of the
economy:
• Inefficient/insufficient infrastructure and support facilities for trade and industry

• Growth of investments to boost local economy is not fully maximized
• Lack of centralized database on trade and industry information
• Less economic diversification
• Poor peace and order image of neighboring areas affects growth of new investments
5.2.1.2 Tourism
Eco-cultural Tourism is what makes South Cotabato unique from among the other tourist
destinations in the country. However, national and domestic tourist arrivals are still minimal because
some facilities, amenities and services are not DOT accredited. Section 39 of Republic Act 9593 or
the Tourism Act of 2009 specifically states that the purpose of accreditation is “to encourage global
competitiveness, strengthen data gathering and, research on tourism, and facilitate the promotion of
individual enterprises and the industry as a whole.” The peace and order situation is now a secondary
factor because of strong destination marketing campaigns at the provincial and regional levels.
There is still a need to improve and develop quality support infrastructures especially road to
tourism sites for it to be accessible to the public.
The following are the major issues and problems in the Tourism sub-sector of the economy:
• Small share of national foreign and domestic tourist arrivals resulting in limited income from
tourism activities due to:
a.) No plantilla Tourism Officer in most LGUs to handle Arts, Culture and Tourism
Development Programs
b.) Most tourism facilities, amenities and services are not DOT accredited
c.) Mindanao peace and order problem affects the image of South Cotabato as a tourism
destination.
d.) Absence of Tourism Master Plan for the province and the eleven (11) LGUs
e.) Weak inter-LGU tourism organization, management and development
f.) Limited number and quality of developed tourism sites/ attractions
g.) Weak marketing and packaging of tourism sites/attractions
h.) Insufficient quality support infrastructure for tourism (transportation, water, power,
communication)
i.) Prohibition of operation of Tourism Industries (tourist destinations except swimming but
subject to time limitation, travel agencies, tour operators, and other related activities ) and
hotels or similar establishments (except for COVID-related interventions) due to COVID -
19 pandemic
5.2.1.3 Agriculture, Fishery and Livestock
The economic sector specifically the agriculture, fishery and livestock sub-sector is the main
source of the populace’s basic income. Being an agricultural area, the province has a sufficient supply
of rice and high value crops and even capable of supplying to other areas of the country and the
world.
However, the threats of climate change and the demand for more built up areas have diminished
the SAFDZ areas which should have been protected. The usage of pesticides and technologies that
lessen the productivity of agricultural lands and waters also poses a threat to food production. The
passage of Republic Act 11203 or Rice Tariffication Law has affected our farmers pushing them
further into poverty as the price of palay continues to drop.
Specifically, the core issues under the Agriculture, Fishery and Livestock sub-sector of the
economy are the following:
Core Issue: Low income of majority of farming households
• Low productivity of crops, fishery and livestock

• Low value of agricultural products
• Unstable price of farm products
• High cost of production and processing inputs
• Less integrated technical, policy and financing support services
• Inadequate and/or deteriorating disaster-resilient agricultural support infrastructures

5.2.1.4 Agrarian Reform
The Department of Agrarian Reform is targeting a Land Acquisition and Distribution (LAD) free
Philippines by 2022 through Oplan LAD Free. In 2018, 43.66% or 14,897 hectares of land were
awarded out of the 34,120 hectares target of DAR- South Cotabato.
The following are cited as reasons for problematic landholdings, which lead to delay in land
distribution:
a.) Awaiting Certificate Authorizing Registration (CAR) for Extra Judicial Partition (EJP);
b.) Affidavit of Correction of Areas;
c.) Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries (ARB) conflict;
d.) Discrepancies in areas, Mortgaged Owners Duplicate Copy of Title (ODCT);
e.) Peace and Order;
f.) Discrepancy of Title at CAR;
f.) For correction of area;
g.) With Lis Pendens;
h.) Needs conversion from graphical to numerical;
i.) Lost ODCT;
j.) Lost Republic of the Philippines (RP) Title;
k.) No record on file at CENRO; and
l.) Notice of Coverage (NOC) not properly served
The following are the major issues and problems in the Agrarian Reform sub-sector of the economy:
• Slow and delayed land distribution due to:

a.) Difficulty in covering remaining Land Acquisition and Distribution (LAD) balance which
are private agricultural lands
b.) Presence of deductible landholdings identified in DAR MC 04 Series of 2014
c.) Un-awarded Eps/ CLOAs to Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries (ARBs)
• Rapid land use conversion from agricultural to other uses (both legal and illegal)
• Illegal transfer or selling of awarded lands
• Poor development and management of awarded land by farmer beneficiaries
5.2.1.5 Cooperative Development
Cooperative Development has an important role to play in people empowerment to overcome

problems of rural poverty and income inequality. However, it has been observed that there was a
decrease in the number of cooperatives in the province. Cooperatives, if not neglected, are given
less priority as members fail to understand that each of them plays a role for it to be sustainable.
The following are the major issues and problems in the Cooperatives Development sub-sector of
the economy:
• Decreasing number of compliant and viable cooperatives

• Weak implementation of Savings Mobilization and Capital Build-up Program (SMCBUP)
• Inadequate education and training for small cooperatives (on financial management, value
formation, organizational management and report preparation)

• Non-prioritization of cooperative development programs by most of the LGUs
• Inadequate information on the cooperative programs and projects of NGAs, NGOs and
GOCCs
5.2.2 Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs
The succeeding tables show the corresponding goals, objectives and targets to address the
identified major issues and challenges of the economic development sector. For every
objective/target, strategies and PPAs have been identified.
.

Table 5.2.1 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Trade, Industry and Investment Promotion Sub-sector
Goal: Sound Trade and Investment that Significantly Reduce Unemployment and Poverty
Issues and Strategies/Policy Lead Agency/
Objectives Targets Programs, Projects, and Activities (PPAs) Timeframe Location
Concerns Actions Department
Inefficient/ insufficient To increase Increased efficiency Provide of Adequate
infrastructure and efficiency and and sufficiency of Support Facilities Establishment of one (1) Toll Packaging and Province- PGO-SCEIPC
2020-2022
support facilities for sufficiency of support facilities Common Service Facility for Food and Craft wide
trade and industry infrastructure and and infrastructure
support facilities by 100% Koronadal
Development of Protech Center 2020-2028 PGO-SCEEMO
for trade and a. Three (3) City
industry facilities Renovation of SCEIPC and South Cotabato
established/ MSME Product Development and Koronadal
supported every 2020-2028 PGO-SCEIPC
Pasalubong Center Building (Showcase City
year (province- Center)
wide) DTI
** Dependent on the
Establishment of Shared Service Facilities Province-
2020-2022 guidelines and budget
(SSF) wide
every year from DTI-
Head Office
Provision of adequate
Renewable Energy Development Project Province-
renewable energy 2020-2022 PGO-SCEIPC
(with focus on Solar Power generation) wide
source
Growth of To increase At least 100 Strengthen marketing 1. Investment Promotion and MSME Province-
2020-2028 DTI
investments to boost number of new MSMEs assisted and promotion to Development Program wide
local economy is not locators and every year attract new a.) Conduct of Business Opportunity Province-
fully amount of 10% increase in the investments 2020-2028 wide DTI
Seminars and Roadshow
maximized/maximized investments amount of new b.) Conduct of Strategic Planning on Trade, Province-
investments 2020-2028 DTI
Industry and Investment wide
annually c.) Participation to Trade and Investment
Province- PGO-SCEIPC
Missions, Trade Fairs, Fora and Other 2020-2028
wide
Similar Undertakings
d.) Support to operation of Dangal ng South Province- PGO-SCEIPC
2020-2028
Cotabato- Enterprise Integrity Award wide
Province-
e.) Conduct of Investment Missions 2020-2028 PGO-SCEIPC
wide
f.) Crafting and production of Investment Province-
2020-2028 PGO-SCEIPC
Promotion Collaterals wide

g.) Conduct of Training/ Workshop on
Province-
Business Project Proposals preparation 2020-2022 PGO-SCEIPC
wide
and packaging
| 5-12
Sub-sector: Trade, Industry and Investment Promotion
Objectives Targets Programs, Projects, and Activities (PPAs) Timeframe Location
h.) Conduct of Investment Promotion Planning
i. Updating of Investment Code
ii. Conduct of Investment and Business Conference 2020-2022 Province-wide PGO-SCEIPC
iii. Conduct of South Cotabato Regional Industrial,
Technology and Trade Exposition
2.) MSME Development Program
a.) a.) Conduct of MSME Forum
b.) Conduct of Trainings for MSME PGO-SCEIPC
2020-2028 Province-wide
c.) Support to MSMED Council
d.) Provision of equipment and tools
e.) Participation in Trade Fairs
3.) Enactment and Implementation of PPP Code 2020-2022 Province-wide PGO-SCEIPC

4.) Facilitation in the Establishment of Special Economic
2020-2022 Province-wide PGO-SCEIPC
Zones
5.) Conduct of Local Manpower Skills Inventory Study vis-à-
vis the Needs of Industries and Investors 2020-2022 Province-wide PGO-SCEIPC

Inventory Study vis-à-vis the needs of industries and investors
6.) Provincial Economy Restart Plan due to Pandemic
a.) Business Support through Financing: Micro Enterprise
Emergency Loan Assistance (MEELA) Program : Zero to 2020-2022 Province-wide PGO-SCEIPC
Low-Interest Credit Financing
b.)Promotion of Relevant Post- COVID-19 New Normal
Industries such as IT/Digital, Food, Medical/Health Essentials 2020-2022 Province-wide PGO-SCEIPC
and Technology, and Medical PPEs
c.) Conduct of Post -COVID-19 MSME Planning Workshops and
Fora
d.)Provision of Incentives and Relief Schemes for Post-COVID-

19 Risk Management Plan of Implementation of Businesses
Sub-sector: Trade, Industry and Investment Promotion
Lead
Issues and Programs, Projects, and
Objectives Targets Strategies/Policy Actions Timeframe Location Agency/
Concerns Activities (PPAs)
Department
Insufficient To ensure provision One (1) Establish a centralized multi-agency and
centralized of adequate and centralized interactive database system on trade and
database on useful information for database industry sector
Establishment of Centralized
trade and strengthening of completed, Develop mechanism for the regular Province- PGO-
Trade and Industry Sector 2020-2028
industry investment properly updating of data/information in the wide SCEIPC
Database
information promotion and managed and database
growth regularly
updated
Poor peace To maintain peace Zero-terrorism Strengthen and support peace and order
and order and order in the incident in the initiatives Regional Peace and Province-
2020-2028 PGO/PNP
image of region to stimulate province Development Program wide

neighboring economic growth on
areas affects trade and investment
growth of Provincial Peace and Order and Province-
2020-2028 PGO/PNP
new Public Safety Program wide
investment
Less To enhance local 10% increase in Promote the services of Negosyo Centers Conduct Information and DTI,
economic economic diversity the number of in City/Municipalities Education Campaigns (IEC) of Province- Negosyo
2020-2028
diversification and vibrancy new investors / the services being offered by wide Centers
businesses in Negosyo Centers
the province Intensify investment promotion activities of Investment Promotion and
the province and component LGUs Development
Program
PGO-
a.) Conduct of Investment Province-
2020-2022 SCEIPC
Missions wide
b.)Crafting and production of
Investment Promotion
Collaterals
Institutionalize the Local Economic and
Investment Unit (LEIPU) and capacitate the
unit to aggressively attract investment
Institutionalization of LEIPOs Province- PGO-
2020-2028
and creation of plantilla positions wide SCEIPC

Source: PDPFP Planning Team / PDPFP Sectoral Workshop/COVID-19 Strategic Planning Workshop
| 5-14
Table 5.2.2 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Tourism Sub-sector
Goals: Environmentally and Socially Responsible Tourism Providing Equitable Income and Employment Opportunities to South Cotabateños
Targets Lead
Issues and Concerns Objectives (2020 - Strategies/Policy Actions Programs, Projects and Activities Timeframe Location Agency/
2028) Department
Small share of national foreign and To increase 24% 1.) Establish Marketing and Tourism Research, Planning and
Province-
domestic tourist arrivals resulting in the number increase Promotions and Product Product Development of New 2020-2028 PGO-ACTM
wide
limited income from tourism of domestic in the Development Tourism Products
activities due to: and foreign number of 2.) Coordinate with the Tour a) Identification and Development
Province-
a.) No plantilla Tourism Officer in tourist foreign Operators for Inbound tourists of New Tourism Products 2020-2028 PGO-ACTM
most LGUs to handle Arts, arrivals and and for development of Tourism wide
Culture and Tourism domestic Circuits. b) Development and Promotion of
Development Programs tourists by 3.) Intensification of product Province-
Agro-Tourism and Wellness 2020-2028 PGO-ACTM
b.) Most tourism facilities, 2028 development, marketing and wide
Tourism
amenities and services are not promotion c) Community-based Tourism Province-
DOT accredited 5% 4.) Provide tourism support road 2020-2028 PGO-ACTM

Development wide
c.) Mindanao peace and order increase network, facilities and utilities d) Formulation of Provincial Province-
problem affects the image of in foreign 5.) Lobby support from the 2021 PGO-ACTM
Tourism Master Plan wide
South Cotabato as a tourism and tourist executive and legislative bodies e) Development of Tourism
destination. arrivals to allocate sufficient funds for Province-
Database (including Tourist 2020-2028 PGO-ACTM
wide

d.) Absence of Tourism Master annually the creation of position for arrivals
Plan for the province and the Tourism Officers f) Planning , Identification and
eleven (11) LGUs 6.) Strengthen the Standard Province-
Establishment of Carrying 2020-2022 PGO-ACTM
e.) Weak inter-LGU tourism Accreditation Services wide
Capacity Guidelines
organization, management and 7.) Utilize (4) Mass Media (print, g) Rehabilitation of Paraiso
development radio, television and social City of PGO-ACTM,
Theme park and Recreational 2020-2028
f.) Limited number and quality of media/ web-based) in creating a Koronadal PEO
Park (PDIP)
developed tourism sites/ positive image of the province h.) Construction of Weaving Center
attractions as a tourism destination Municipality PGO-ACTM,
at Tboli, South Cotabato 2020
g.) Weak marketing and 8.) Strengthen coordination with of T’boli PEO
packaging of tourism PNP and AFP-Regional and i.) Rehabilitation, Landscaping Municipality
PGO-
sites/attractions Provincial Peace and Order and Improvement of 7 Falls and 2020-2028 of Lake
ACTM,PEO
h.) Insufficient quality support Council Zipline Sebu
infrastructure for tourism 9.) Create a Provincial Technical j.) Establishment of Center for
Municipality
(transportation, water, power, Working Group composed of Cultural Crafts and Arts and PGO-
2020 of Lake
communication) component LGUs in the Exhibit Area for Tourism ACTM,PEO
Sebu
i.) Prohibition of operation of Formulation of Tourism Master Products (Pasalubong Center)
Tourism Industries (tourist Plan k.) Establishment of Tampakan
destinations except swimming 10.)Ensure the integration and Tourism Highway and Bamboo
but subject to time limitation, alignment of individual C/MLGU Corridors Tourism Promotions
travel agencies, tour operators, plans into the Provincial and Marketing Municipality
PGO-
and other related activities ) Tourism Master Plan 2020-2028 of

ACTM,PEO
and hotels or similar Tampakan
establishments (except for
COVID-related interventions)
due to COVID -19 pandemic
Sub-sector: Tourism
Targets Lead
Issues and
Objectives (2020 - Strategies/Policy Actions Programs, Projects and Activities Timeframe Location Agency/
Concerns
2028) Department
11.) Strengthen data Tourism Promotions and Marketing 2020-2028 Province-wide PGO-ACTM
gathering and a) Development and Promotion of Provincial Tourism Circuits 2020-2028 Province-wide PGO-ACTM
establishment of b) Construction of Welcome Arches 2020-2028 Province-wide PGO-ACTM
centralized database for c) Launching of “My Own Tour” or “Bisita Lokal” 2020-2022 Province-wide PGO-ACTM
tourism
d) Conduct of Tourism and Hospitality Industry Planning
11.)Strengthen Private Sector 2020-2022 Province-wide PGO-ACTM
Workshops especially Post-Pandemic
, C/MLGUs and
e) Participation and Attendance to different local, national and
stakeholders participation
international expositions, exhibits, trade fairs, business 2020-2028 Province-wide PGO-ACTM
in tourism development
matching and festivals
and marketing
f) Conduct of Tourism Related Events ( Local, Regional) 2020-2028 Province-wide PGO-ACTM
12.)Conduct regular
monitoring of Tourism g) Conduct of Information Education Campaign (Tourism
2020-2028
Data submission and Promotions) to Tourism and HRM graduating students in the Province-wide PGO-ACTM
formulation of Tourism colleges in South Cotabato
policies and guidelines h) Conduct of Tourism-Related Trainings in partnership with the 2020-2028
Province-wide PGO-ACTM
13.)Provide support for the Provincial Tourism Council of South Cotabato, Inc.
development and i) Provincial Government hosting for Key Officials, 2020-2028
Province-wide PGO-ACTM
establishment of quality Dignitaries,Visitors/Guests and other Tourism Stakeholders
tourism sites and Tourism Standard, Accreditation and Special Projects
2020-2028 Province-wide PGO-ACTM
attractions in the province Coordination
a.) Conduct of Inspection and Evaluation of Tourism Operated
Establishments (TOEs) and Tourism Related Establishments 2020-2028 Province-wide PGO-ACTM
(TREs)
Provision of adequate Disaster-resilient Tourism Support
Facilities and Utilities
a.) Installation of Tourism Signage and Information Boards and
Way finders in Tourism Areas
b.) Installation of Tourism Signage, Information Billboards and
Way finders in Strategic Tourism Areas
PGO-ACTS,
c.) Construction/Upgrading of Roads Leading to Tourism Sites 2020-2028 Province-wide
PEO, DPWH
PGO-ACTS,
d.) Establishment of Tourism Information Center per LGU 2020-2028 Province-wide
PEO, DPWH
PGO-ACTS,

e.) Construction of Provincial Tourism Center Building 2020-2028 Province-wide
PEO
f.) Improvement of Telecommunication Facilities, Power and PGO-ACTS,
Water Utilities PEO, DPWH
| 5-16
Sub-sector: Tourism
Targets Lead
Issues and
Objectives (2020 - Strategies/Policy Actions Programs, Projects and Activities Timeframe Location Agency/
Concerns
2028) Department
Creation of Tourism Officer Plantilla Positions for the Provincial
Government and all C/MLGUs
Conduct of Inspection and Evaluation of Tourism Operated
Establishments (TOEs) and Tourism Related Establishments
(TREs) 2020-2028 Province-wide PGO-ACTM
a.) 25 Primary Enterprises
b.) 36 Secondary Enterprises
Regular Updating of Social Media Accounts for Image Building 2020-2028 Province-wide PGO-ACTM
Installation of Tourism Signage and Information Boards and
Wayfinders in Strategic Tourism Areas within the province
Integration of tourism promotions in the radio broadcast program
of the Provincial Information Office 2020-2028 Province-wide PGO-ACTM

Source: PDPFP Planning Team / PDPFP Sectoral Workshop/ COVID-19 Strategic Planning Workshop
Table 5.2.3 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Agriculture and Fishery Sub-sector
Goals: Sustained Food Security, Income Sustainability and Climate- resiliency of Farming Households and Fisherfolks

Lead
Issues and Concerns Objectives Targets (2020 -2028) Strategies/Policy Actions Programs, Projects and Activities Timeframe Location Agency/
Department
Core Issue #1: To increase 45% of surveyed agri- Strengthen Agriculture and Research and Development:
income of fishery and livestock fishery technical support services Conduct of Socio-economic and Agro- NIA (NIA
Low income of majority farming farmers increase their (research and development, Economic Surveys for Identification Province- funded &
2020-2025
of farming households households income by 2028 production support, marketing and New water sources for Irrigation wide continuing
and value chain support, and Project Proposals activities
Production Yield: mt/ha extension and training/education Establishment of Techno-Demos trials Province-
support), policies and regulations, 2020-2028 OPAg
and Production of Bio-control agents wide
Palay: 5.57 infrastructure services (post- Regular Conduct of Pesticide Residue Province-
Corn: 5.18 harvest, FMRs, irrigation), and 2020-2028 OPAg
Analysis to Vegetables wide
financing and risk transfer Province-
Reduced cost of services Research and Laboratory Program 2020-2028 PVet
wide
production and
processing inputs by 15% Provide adequate value adding, Conduct of Animal Population
Province-
by 2028 financing and marketing support (livestock, poultry, dogs and cats) 2020-2022 PVet
wide
to farmers: Survey Project
Sub-sector: Agriculture and Fishery
Lead
Targets (2020 Strategies/Policy
Issues and Concerns Objectives Programs, Projects and Activities Timeframe Location Agency/
-2028) Actions
Department
• Low productivity of To increase Reduced cost a. Assistance in finding
crops, fishery and production yield of in transporting viable financing
Demo Farm,
livestock major crops, fishery farm inputs options/windows for Conduct of soil sampling analysis (NPK) 2020-2028 OPAg
Banga
and livestock and products farm inputs and
• Low value of To increase value of by at least processing/packaging
agricultural products farm products 10% in for added value agri- Production Support and Extension Services, Education and Training Support
• Unstable price of To stabilize/regulate influence products
areas by 2028 b. Assistance to farmers Support to Philippine Rural Development.
farm products supply and prices of 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAg
in linking agricultural Program (PRDP)
major farm products
• High cost of To lower cost of products to markets Provision of Cash Crops/Root Crops
OPAg
production and production inputs planting materials such as Camote, Ube 2020-2022 Province-wide
processing inputs Employ measures and and Gabi as an Alternative to Rice
technologies to increase Conduct of Mobile Palengke in collaboration
production yield of crops, OPAg
with different M/LGUs for the consolidation 2020-2022 Province-wide
fishery and livestock of farmers
Production of Open Pollenated Variety 2020-2022
Regulate/ stabilize rice Province-wide OPAg
• Less integrated To enhance and (OPV) Vegetables
integrate technical, supply and price of farm
technical, policy and Abaca Rehabilitation and Expansion
products 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAg
financing support policy and financing Program
services support services Fertilizers and
Ensure timely arrival of Conduct of Information and Education
Pesticides
imported rice in case of Campaign to dealers/suppliers/farmers on 2020-2028 Province-wide
Authority
failure to produce directly usage of regulated pesticides
(FPA)
from local
farmers/producer Establishment of Organic Tilapia Production
2020-2028 Province-wide OPAg
demo project
Employ measure to lower Conduct of market matching, IEC, Mass
• Inadequate and/or To improve quantity cost of production inputs media campaigns and Agri-fairs
deteriorating and quality of Quality Broodstock Production for Inland
2020-2028 Province-wide OPAg/BFAR
disaster-resilient disaster-resilient Fishing
agricultural support agricultural support Development of Improved Strain of Tilapia
infrastructures such 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAg
infrastructures Broodstocks
as FMRs, irrigation Freshwater Aquaculture/Inland Fishery
facilities and post- 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAg
Development

harvest facilities Biological Control: Control and Propagation
of Mosquito Fish as Control Measure 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAg
against Dengue CarryingMosquito
| 5-18
Issues and Targets Strategies/Policy Lead Agency/
Objectives Programs, Projects and Activities Timeframe Location
Concerns (2020 -2028) Actions Department
Transboundary Animal Disease Prevention, Preparedness,
protection & awareness
a.) Capability building on TADs disease awareness
2020-2022 Province-wide PVet
b.) Purchase of PPE’s during animal disease/zoonotic
disease outbreak
c.) Purchase of Veterinary Disinfectants
National Dairy Authority (NDA) – PALIT-BAKA Program and Polomolok, Tupi, Banga, PVet/NDA/
2020-2028
Dairy Goat Program Sto. Nino, Lake Sebu MLGUs
Procurement of Dairy Processing Equipment and Polomolok, Tupi, Banga, PVet/NDA/
2020-2028
Machineries for Cooperatives Sto. Nino, Lake Sebu MLGUs
APPC, Tinongcop,
Showcasing of Livestock and Poultry Technology 2020-2028 PVet/BAU
Tantangan
SCADTC, Tinongcop,
Native Pig Multiplier Project 2020 PVet
Tantangan
SCADTC, Tinongcop,
SCADTC Purchase of livestock and poultry animals 2020-2022 PVet
Tantangan
Lake Sebu, Sto.Niño,

Animal Dispersal Program 2020-2022 Norala, T’boli, Tupi, and PVet
Tantangan
Conduct of Trainings and Refresher Courses for Seed
Growers
Provision of Foundation & Registered Seeds for Seed
Growers
Provision of hybrid corn seeds (glyphosate ready ) and farm
inputs (Synthetic fertilizers)
Food Always in the Home Program 2020-2022 Province-wide OPAg
Provision of planting materials in identified areas for Sloping
Agricultural Land Technology (SALT) project
Muslim Barangays of Tupi,
Conduct of seminar on the Concepts and Principles of
2020 Polomolok, Norala, Banga, PVet
HALAL
Koronadal, Tantangan)
Organic Agriculture Program 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAg
Support To ProvincialAgricultural and Fishery Council 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAg
Agribusiness, Rural BasedOrganizations and Council 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAg
Provision of One (1) refurbished Container Van (Vet. 2020-2022 Province-wide PVet
Lead
Issues and Targets (2020 Strategies/Policy
Objectives Programs, Projects and Activities Timeframe Location Agency/
Concerns -2028) Actions
Department
Marketing and Value Chain Support
2020 –
Stabilization of Rice Supply and Prices (Rice Distribution to
2025 NFA Region
Major market, LGUs, DSWD, NGO’s , PNRC, Religious NFA Provincial Office
(February 12
Organization)
to March)
2020 – Buying Stations:
2025
1.FLGCC-Norala NFA
Procurement of Palay directly from local producers (Individual
(Sept- 2.MLGC- Surallah Provincial
farmer, Association, Cooperatives)
Nov) 3.FLGC- Banga Office
(Dec to IBG/NFA1 Warehouses-

March) Koronadal City
Palay Support Program 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAG
Meat/Egg Processing and packaging 2020-2022 Province-wide PVet
Enhancement of Corn Production and Marketing 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAg
South Cotabato Integrated Agriculture Development for
Indigenous Cultural Communities
Production and Marketing Support for Mango Development
(provision of production inputs for 4,300 hectares)
Live Animal Marketing Assistance Program 2020-2028 Banga PVet
Provision of three (3) units of refrigerated van 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAG
Procurement of Cold Chain Equipment 2020-2022 Province-wide PVet
PVet/PCC/
Establishment of Carabao-based dairy enterprise 2020-2028 Surallah, Sto. Nino
MLGUs
Infrastructure Support
Establishment of Biodiesel Plant 2020-2022 Province-wide OPAg
Validation/ monitoring of identified FMRs 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAG
Assistance to the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of NIA-NIA
Irrigation Projects and/or systems funded
Repair and Rehabilitation of Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS)
NIA-NIA

and National Irrigation Systems (NIS) and installation of 2020-2025 Province-wide
funded
Coconet Projects
| 5-20
Targets Lead
Issues and Strategies/Policy
Objectives (2020 - Programs, Projects and Activities Timeframe Location Agency/
Concerns Actions
2028) Department
•
Construction of Irrigation facilities 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAG
Provision of Irrigation Facilities with Accessories to

Rolling/Rainfed Areas ( 60 sets /year) - Pump & engine set-
2020-2022 Province-wide OPAG
Open Source (PESOS), Various sizes of distribution pipes (PE
Pipes)
NIA
(Implemented
Construction and Rehabilitation of SWIPs and Diversion Dams 2020-2025 Province-wide and
Continuing
Projects)
Establishment of a fully refurbished Quarantine station 2020-2022 Province-wide PVet
Construction/ expansion of Training Hall Building and APPC,
2020-2028 PVET/BAU
Equipment at the Animal Demonstration and Training Center Tinongcop,Tantangan
Support to Farm Mechanization and Agricultural Infrastructure
Development Services

Improvement of Farm Facilities of Provincia lDemonstration
Farm
Establishment of Integrated Trading Post with Cold Storage
&Livestock Auction Market
Construction of Multi-purpose Drying Pavement with warehouse
(10 units/year)
Dairy Buffalo Enterprise Project: Construction of FDA accredited
2020-2022 Lake Sebu PVet
dairy buffalo processing building
Support to the Development of Post-harvest Facilities in the
Establishment of Weaving Center at Klubi, Lake Sebu 2020-2022 Lake Sebu OPAg
Construction of two (2 ) Dog Impounding Facilities 2020-2021 Polomolok, Koronadal PVet/MLGU
Repair of SCADTC Facilities 2020 SCADTC, Tinongcop, PVet
Reconstruction of the drainage system (canal) for utilization of
2020 Tantangan PVet
bio digester
SCADTC, Tinongcop,
Construction of Swine Semen Processing Building at SCADTC 2020 PVet
Tantangan
Completion of perimeter fence for security and safety of SCADTC, Tinongcop,
2020 PVet
SCADTC Tantangan
Lead
Issues and Targets (2020 - Strategies/Policy
Objectives Programs, Projects and Activities Timeframe Location Agency/
Concerns 2028) Actions
Department
Development of Provincial Scion Grove Nursery Research &
Demonstration Farm (PSGNRDF)
a.) Fabrication of Vegetable Tunnel/Pergola
b.) Refurbishment of Training Center & Dormitory
c.) Construction of curved court
d.) Improvement of nursery
e.) Improvement of generating chamber
f.) Improvement of storage
Upper Valley (1)
Establishment of Soil Laboratory 2020-2028 and Lower Valley OPAg
(1)
Financing Credit Support and Risk Transfers
Farmers’ Assistance Program 2020-2022 Province-wide OPag
Production/Distribution of Assorted Planting Materials thru
Plant Now, Pay Later (PNPL) Program
Provision of financial assistance to qualified beneficiaries 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAg
Agribusiness, Rural Based Organizations and Council
Development Program
Provision of Assistance to Climate Change Affected
Farmers
Livelihood Assistance for Vegetable Farmers in the Province 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAg
Policy and Regulatory Support
NFA-PLGU Agreement Scheme 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAg/NFA
Collaboration with NIA for the Early Release of Water to till
and Plant Rice
Rabies Eradication Program 2020-2028 Province-wide PVet
Polomolok-GSC
boundary
Provision of Veterinary Quarantine Services (VQS) at the
2020-2028 Norala-Isulan PVet
three major boundaries
Tantangan-
Tacurong City
Source: PDPFP Planning Team / PDPFP Sectoral Workshop/ COVID-19 Strategic Planning Workshop

| 5-22
Table 5.2.4 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Cooperative Development Sub-sector
GOAL: Self-reliant and Dependable Cooperatives in South Cotabato
Programs, Projects, and Activities Lead Agency/
Issues and Concerns Objectives Targets Strategies/Policy Actions Timeframe Location
(PPAs) Department
Core Issue: Decreasing To increase Provide funds for Capability Capability Building Program of 2020- Province- OPAg,
number of compliant and the number of Building Program Cooperatives 2028 wide CDA,P/C/MCDOs
operational cooperatives compliant a.) Conduct of orientation on filling-up 2020- Province- OPAg,
cooperatives of mandatory reports 2028 wide CDA,P/C/MCDOs
b.) Conduct of hands-on/tutorial on
2020- Province- OPAg,
the online submission of mandatory
2028 wide CDA,P/C/MCDOs
reports
a.) Weak implementation Improve awareness of 2020- Province- OPAg,
Conduct Orientation on SMCBUP
of Savings Mobilization Cooperatives on SMCBUP 2021 wide CDA,P/C/MCDOs
and Capital Build-up Intensify monitoring on adherence Conduct regular monitoring of 2020- Province- OPAg,
Program (SMCBUP) to SMCBUP Cooperatives adherence to SMCBUP 2021 wide CDA,P/C/MCDOs

Develop and maintain
Development and Maintenance of
computerized information system 2020- Province-
one (1) computerized information OPAg, SCCSF
on cooperatives 2028 wide
System on Cooperatives
Provide funds from P/C/MLGUs
b.) Inadequate education Provide Funds for Capability Capability Building Program for

and training for micro Building Program for Micro and Cooperatives OPAg, CDA,
and small cooperatives Small Cooperatives a.) Conduct trainings on 2020- Province- P/C/MCDOs,
Fundamentals of Cooperatives and 2028 wide Accredited
Cooperative Governance and Training Providers
Management
c.) Most LGUs do not Lobby for the prioritization of
prioritize Cooperative cooperative programs in
Development P/C/MLGUs Creation of Cooperative Development
2020- Province-
Provide adequate funds for Officer Positions at the PLGU and 11 OPAg, CDA
Programs. 2020 wide
cooperative development C/MLGUs
Provision of adequate funds for
d.) NGAs, NGOs and cooperative development
GOCCs lack One (1) Provide funds for the
information on Provincial operationalization of Provincial
cooperative programs Cooperative Cooperative Development
and projects Development Council 2020- Province-
Accreditation of PCDC by PLGU OPAg, PPDO
Council Work on the Inclusion of PCDC 2028 wide
accredited by as member of Provincial
the PLGU Development Council -Economic
Development Committee
Source: PDPFP Planning Team / PDPFP Sectoral Workshop

Table 5.2.5 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Agrarian Reform Sub-sector
Goal: Equitable Land Ownership Towards Social Equity and Sustainable Rural Development
Programs, Projects, and Lead Agency/
Activities (PPAs) Department
Core Issue 1: Slow and delayed To ensure Distribute 1.) Implement regular
land distribution due to: prompt/fast and 100% of tracking progress of LTI
a.) Difficulty in covering remaining efficient distribution workable activities on a per Province-
EP/CLOA Registration 2020-2022 DAR
Land Acquisition and Distribution landholdings landholding basis wide
(LAD) balance which are private by 2022
agricultural lands
b.) Presence of deductible 2.) Regularly coordinate
landholdings identified in DAR with partner line Conduct of Periodic
Province-
MC 04 Series of 2014 Performance Assessments 2020-2022 DAR
agencies (LBP- wide
c.) Un-awarded Eps/ CLOAs to and Field Visits
AOC,LRA & LMS)

Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries
(ARBs) 100% deletion Deduct Landholdings with Crafting, Approval and
Province-
of identified RLBET Resolution Enactment of RLBET 2020-2022 DAR
wide
deductible LHs Resolution
by 2022 Deleting Deductible Province-
2020-2022 DAR
Landholdings wide
100% of Coordinate with LRA to fast
farmer track release of registered Awarding/Distribution of
Province-
beneficiaries EPCLOAs EP/CLOA and Installation of 2020-2028 DAR
wide
installed in ARBs
awarded lands
Core Issue 2: Rapid land use To minimize land by 2028
Limited Strengthen GO-NGO-
conversion from agricultural to use conversion agricultural Private Sector partnership Conduct of frequent meetings
other uses (both legal and illegal) from agricultural to land and foster coordination and regular involvement of the
other uses, conversion to among them Provincial Agrarian Reform Province-
2020-2028 DAR & PPDO
especially illegal other uses by Office and Presidential wide
Strictly monitor illegal
conversion of 10% by 2028 Agrarian Reform Coordinating
conversion of agricultural
agricultural lands lands Committee
Core Issue 3: Illegal transfer or To eradicate the Instances of Establish new ARCs Establishment of Capacity-
Province-
selling of awarded lands transfer or selling of selling or building of 19 ARCs in 53 2020-2028 DAR
wide
awarded lands transfer of barangays
awarded lands Capacitate existing ARCs Conduct of Capacity- Building Province-
reduced by and non-ARCs Activities for both ARCs and 2020-2028 DAR
wide

50% by 2028 Non-ARCs
| 5-24
Sub-sector: Agrarian Reform
Lead
Strategies/Policy Programs, Projects, and
Issues and Concerns Objectives Targets Timeframe Location Agency/
Actions Activities (PPAs)
Department
Core Issue 4: Poor development To improve the Institutional and Establish close
and management of awarded capacities of ARBs technology coordination with partner-
1.) Conduct of Capacity
land by farmer beneficiaries in managing and transfer agencies, NGOs and
Building on Organizational
developing their interventions CSOs
Building and 2020-2028 Province-wide DAR
land provided to100% Facilitate the needs of
Management/Governance-
of ARBs ARBO for strengthening
related Activities
the organization including
technology transfer
To improve the 50% of assisted Link ARBs to financial 2.) Conduct of Enterprise
maturity of ARBOs ARB institutions for financing of Development Interventions
in managing organizations
farming activities (e.g. enterprise management, 2020-2028 Province-wide DAR

enterprise (ARBOs)
profitability and sustainability)
managing
profitable agri-
3.) Conduct of Benchmarking
business
to Adopt Good Practices from
enterprises 2020-2028 Province-wide DAR
Other Company/Agencies and

Providers
4.) Conduct of Trainings
Related to Product
Advancement, Coaching/
2020-2028 Province-wide DAR
Mentoring Sessions on
Product/Services
Development (food, non-food)
Source: PDPFP Planning Team / PDPFP Sectoral Workshop/COVID-19 Strategic Planning Workshop
Chapter 5.3
INCOME, EMPLOYMENT, POVERTY AND GENDER-RESPONSIVE ACCESS TO SOCIAL

SERVICES
Social sector reflects and measures the impacts to development and quality of life of the people
as a result of the various interventions and interactions among the core elements of the planning
environment: population, economic activities, and physical/natural resources. Hence, population,
economic activity and physical/natural resources are viewed as drivers of development while land
use, and income, employment, poverty, and access to social services are viewed as symptoms or
indicators of development.
Being at the forefront of public service delivery, the local government units has
the ultimate responsibility in the transformation of the disadvantaged and
vulnerable sectors of the society into pro-active players of development.
Thus, the measurement of every local government’s successful
administration can be gauged not in the number of individuals being
recipients of development projects, but on the inclusive social transformation
where people tangibly becomes empowered, less vulnerable and resilient.
5.3.1.1 Income, Employment and Poverty
South Cotabato posted the lowest poverty incidence in the region for two consecutive periods at
19.8% in 2015 and 13.7% in 2018. Comparing the full year data of poverty incidence (2015 and
2018), a significant decrease of 4.6% in poverty rate indicates a positive improvement in the local
economy of the province. South Cotabato is way too far to reach the national poverty incidence rate
at 17.9% in 2015 and 12.1% in 2018, but it has significantly surpassed the 30.5% (2015) and 22.3%
(2018) regional poverty incidence rate to 18.3% in 2015 and 13.7% in 2018 placing South Cotabato
always at the bottom five (5), or the least poor province. The decrease in poverty incidence may be
attributed to many different factors considering that poverty is a complex socioeconomic
phenomenon with indicators from social to economic aspects.
The NSCB 2015 Small Area Estimates of Poverty show the proportion of poor families by city or
municipality in South Cotabato. Lake Sebu posted the highest poverty incidence among eleven (11)
LGUs with 64%, while Koronadal City at 22.4% recorded the least proportion of poor families in the
province. For three consecutive years (2009, 2012, 2015) Lake Sebu and Tboli recorded to have the
highest proportion of poor families in South Cotabato.
The following are the major issues and problems that affect the status and performance of the
Income, Employment and Poverty sub-sector of the Social Sector:
1. Relatively high poverty incidence

2. High unemployment rate
3. Labor market-job mismatch
4. Increasing cases of child labor
5. Less economic diversification
6. Payment of wages for kasambahay/domestic helpers below the minimum required
rate and not in accordance with the Labor Standards
7. Poor access to basic social services
5.3.1.2Health
The death rate or the number of deaths per 1,000 population in South Cotabato shows an erratic
trend in a span of six (6) years. A significant increase of 0.45% was recorded between 2013 and
2014. From 2017 to 2018, a 0.79% decrease was recorded. Different causes of death can be
attributed to lifestyle diseases, infant and maternal deaths, accidents, and all forms of diseases that
are sometimes associated with climate change.On the other hand, a decreasing trend in the rate of
live births or the number of live births per 1000 population in the province was recorded from 2012 to
2018.
As to infant mortality rate, a decreasing trend implies a positive development attributable to the
efforts actively taken by the local health workers wherein the province managed to recover and
improve its performance with the decline on infant mortality by 1.71% in 2018. The maternal mortality
rate of South Cotabato indicates an irregular trend in a span of 6 years (2013-2018), but a significant
decline in 2017 was recorded at 30.95%, the lowest in 6 years, compared to 86.31% maternal death
rate recorded in 2013. The top four (4) leading causes of maternal deaths for the years 2012 to 2017
are eclampsia, severe post-partum hemorrhage, pre-eclampsia and sepsis.
Health sub-sector of the Social Sector:
1. Increasing cases of maternal deaths
2. High morbidity and mortality rates on some diseases
3. High Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
4. Increasing cases of confirmed STI/HIV/AIDS
5. Growing cases of emerging and re-emerging diseases including infectious
diseases
6. Poor people’s access to health services, especially the socio-economically
marginalized
7. Increasing number of suicide deaths
8. Increasing number of deaths due to animal bites
5.3.1.3Sanitation
Under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), Goal 6 is to ensure access to water and
sanitation for all. To improve sanitation and access to drinking water, there is a need to increase
investments in the management of freshwater ecosystems and sanitation facilities at the local level.
Thus, aligned with the goals of SDG, Philippine Development Plan (PDP) and the Regional
Development Plan (RDP), South Cotabato’s 2018 data almost achieved its target to provide all
households with safe and potable water (90%-100%). The municipalities of Tboli, Norala and
Tantangan achieved 100% of their targets in 2017 but was not able to maintain it in 2018. LGUs with
improved access to safe water of its constituents were Lake Sebu with 1% increase, followed by
Surallah (2%), Tampakan (6%), and Tupi (3%).

The province’s efforts in providing households better access to sanitary toilet only ranges from
81%-98% in 2017 to 77%-97% in 2018. Among the LGUs, onlyTboli showed a positive performance
by 4% increase in the number of households with access to sanitary toilet. On the other hand,
Koronadal City recorded the highest decrease at 15%, followed by Polomolok (9%), Surallah (7%),
Tantangan and Tupi (4%), Lake Sebu and Tampakan (3%), Banga and Norala (1%). Sto. Niño
maintained it at 85%.
In terms of food establishments operating within the province, only Norala obtained a 100%
rating in compliance with the health and sanitation requirement with the 879 food establishments
registered in the area. Koronadal City ranks second at 99.35% (1,230 out of 1,238) followed by
Polomolok at 96% (2,548 out of 2,655), Lake Sebu at 91% (185 out of 203), and Sto. Niño (156 out
of 173) obtained a 90.17% rating. LGUs with compliance below 90% include Tboli (351 out of 400)
at 87.75%, Banga (251 out of 306) at 82%, Tampakan (185 out of 355) at 52.11%, Tupi (415 out of
937) at 44.29%, Tantangan (74 out of 237) at 31.22%, and Surallah (215 out of 1,750) at 12.28%.The
low compliance rate of all establishments can be attributed to poor monitoring due to lack of sanitary
inspector and weak local policy in case of non-compliance including absence of sanctions.
An identified issue that affects the status and performance of the Sanitation sub-sector of the
Social Sector refers to poor environmental sanitation.
5.3.1.4 Nutrition
For 9 years (2009-2018), the malnutrition prevalence rate of the province has significantly
decreased based on the result of Operation Timbang (OPT) conducted by the Barangay Nutrition
Scholars (BNS) and other nutrition implementers.
Malnourished children, which include children below normal or severely underweight, reached
8.38% or 7,196 and 0.46% or 399 overweight children. An increasing trend is observed on the
estimated number of pre-school children in South Cotabato for seven years (2012-2018) but with a
decreasing malnutrition rate (% of underweight and severely underweight).The biggest decrease was
recorded at 1.59% malnutrition rate from 2014 to 2015 which made South Cotabato a constant
recipient of Sustenance Award for Consistent Regional Outstanding Winner on Nutrition or (CROWN)
for many years, both in the regional and national level.
For the component local government units, Tboli recorded the highest malnutrition prevalence
rate at 4.80% followed by Tampakan (4.75%), Banga (4.61%), Tupi (4.34%), and Lake Sebu (4.29%).
The results maybe attributable to the presence of communities in far flung barangays or areas where
government services are inadequately accessible. Areas with the least rate on malnutrition are
Surallah (1%) and Norala (1.77%).
Nutrition sub-sector of the Social Sector:
1. High levels of stunting and wasting among children under 5 years of age, with levels
that have remained unchanged
2. Deficiencies in Vitamin A, Iron and Iodine particularly among groups for which the
problem is of public health significance
3. Poor infant and young child feeding in the 1 st 2 years of life coupled with bouts of
infection

4. Obesity among children
5. Inadequate technical skills of nutrition service providers
5.3.1.5 Social Welfare and Protection
The social welfare and development aim to uplift the living conditions and empower the
disadvantaged children, youth, women, older persons, persons with disabilities, solo parents, tribal
community/indigenous people, individuals or families in crisis or at-risk and communities needing
assistance. Also, the enactment of the Gender and Development (GAD) Code of South Cotabato has
been a positive step in ensuring that women become agents of development and not just
beneficiaries.
Empowerment of the disadvantaged individuals, families and communities necessitates the
provision of and equal access to basic socio-political and economic services to improve their quality
of life, perform their expected roles in the society through strengthened coping mechanism, and meet
their basic needs. Equality in accessing services is also addressed through the recognition of the
inequality of men and women’s role in the society and resolving it.
Social Welfare and Protection sub-sector of the Social Sector:
1. High number of families and communities below poverty threshold or with unmet basic
needs
2. Increasing vulnerability of families and communities to disasters and climate change
impacts
3. Increasing number of children CICL, CAR, OSYand street children
4. Limited access of the disadvantaged sectors to social protection and crisis, and family
and community services
5. Increasing number of teenage pregnancies
6. Limited access of PWDs to education and employment opportunities
7. Increasing number of VAWC cases
8. Presence of individuals/minorities recruited by CPP-NPA-NDF to join rebel groups
9. High incidence of reported abuse, neglected, abandoned and foundling children
10. Limited access of the disadvantaged sector (OSY, PWD, Senior, Women, Single/Solo
Parent) to financial capital for livelihood development projects
11. Low participation of pre-schoolers in Early Childhood Care (ECC) particularly in the
far-flung barangays
5.3.1.6 Education
The education sector plays a vital role in gauging the progress of a locality and how well the
local government unit progresses in achieving its goal of providing the best basic education for its
population. In response, the Provincial School Board of South Cotabato has been steadfast in
providing support to strengthen the education sector by providing funds to the Special Education
Fund being utilized by the Department of Education – South Cotabato Division for programs and
projects involving school’s development and student welfare. This mechanism aims to increase
participation rate among all socioeconomic classes especially the poor but academically able and
highly motivated students, and for them to successfully pursue and complete tertiary education
programs in quality institutions, thereby promoting equitable and rationalized access by poor Filipinos
to quality tertiary education.

Today, the existing publicly-funded national government programs for Scholarships, Grants-in-
Aid, and Student Loans for Tertiary Education are hereby unified and harmonized to improve their
efficiency and to ensure that deserving Filipinos are given equitable access to educational
opportunities (RA 10687).
For the census year 2015, simple literacy rating of household population (10 years old and over)
of South Cotabato improved by 8.45%, posted at 96.45% compared to 88% in 2010. The lowest
literacy rates were recorded at Lake Sebu (87%) and Tboli (92.11%). Understandably so, these are
also the province’s municipalities with the highest poverty incidence, and with the highest number of
IPs. The location and geologic conditions of the two areas also contribute to poor access of the
people to basic education. In general, the simple literary rate of the component LGUs of South
Cotabato improved.
Education sub-sector of the Social Sector:
1. Inadequate number of teachers

2. Imbalanced distribution of teachers in far-flung areas compared to the urban centers
3. Deteriorating school building structures
4. Declining cohort survival rates in basic education (K to 12)
5. Inadequate armchairs for both elementary pupils and secondary level students
6. Inadequate number of classrooms especially in remote areas
7. Low school performance
8. Weak curriculum integration utilizing ICT/multi-media instruction and
facilities/equipment in most schools
9. Low participation to activities and competitions related to sports, culture and arts in all
levels
10. Inadequacy in the preparedness of many public secondary schools in implementing
the Senior High School Program under Republic Act 10533
11. Mismatch between the industry requirements/ demands and supply of graduates
coming from schools especially implementing technical and vocational education
(TechVoc) programs
12. Lack of readiness of the three educational bodies (DepEd, CHED, TESDA) in the
implementation of educational reforms such as K to 12 and the Philippine Qualification
Framework
13. Weak implementation of interface between TechVoc and higher education curriculum
14. Early suspension of classes in SY2019-2020 due to threats of COVID19 pandemic
5.3.1.7 Housing
South Cotabato displays an increasing trend for occupied housing units (OHU) in the last 3
census years, and currently has a total of 216,164 occupied housing units based on the 2015 census.
With urbanization, population increase is directly proportional to the provision of additional housing
units. From 2000 to 2010, the number of occupied housing units in the province increased at an
average rate of 3.26% per year from 138,572 to 183,712. Moreover, a sharp increase at 17.66% is
recorded during the 2015 census. The 2015 census year gives the province a ratio of 1.01%
household per housing unit (or 101 households for 100 housing units) and a ratio of 4 persons living
in 1 occupied housing unit.The number of households also increased at an average rate of 3.17%
(2000-2010) and 17.05% (2010-2015) per year from 141,418 to 186,184 and from 186,184 to

217,926, respectively. Household population is increasing at only 1.97% in 2000-2010. In a span of
5 years, however, a sharp increase in population is recorded at 10.55% per year starting 2010 to
2015.Other demand for housing include the need to relocate informal settlers, internally displaced
persons, and those living along danger zones.
Housing sub-sector of the Social Sector:
1. High housing backlog due to displaced households, doubled-up households and

population growth
2. Inadequate affordable / socialized housing units
3. Proliferation of illegal subdivision (through sub-lots of 9) and sub-standard housing
facilities
4. Proliferation of illegal or professional squatters
5. Mushrooming of informal settlers along Road-Right-of Way (RROW), urban centers,
government sites, and danger zones
6. Weak enforcement of Zoning Ordinances (ZOs) and Building Code
7. Few properties are insured
5.3.1.8 Protective Services
For 5 consecutive years, the crime rate in South Cotabato shows an erratic trend. In 2015, a
sharp upturn at 88.56% was recorded. In the next 3 years, a decreasing trend was observed at
18.95% from 2015-2016, 10.62% from 2016-2017 and 12.91% from 2017-2018. The lowest average
crime rate per year in the province is recorded at 46.08% in 2018, followed by 58.99% (2017), 69.61%
(2016), 69.81% (2014) and 88.56% in 2015.Among the component LGUs, Koronadal City has the
highest crime rate for 5 consecutive years and followed by Polomolok. The crime solution efficiency
rate of South Cotabato has significantly increased from 48.86% in 2017 to 81.62% in 2018.
The South Cotabato Rehabilitation and Detention Center (SCRDC) is a jail facility owned,
managed and operated by the provincial government. The current jail congestion rate in the SCRDC
is more than 100% which bloated since 2016 due to the aggressive campaign of the government
against illegal drugs. The inadequacy of jail guards is targeted to be improved from the current ratio
of 1:30 to (1) jail guard per eight (8) inmates.
The number of firemen in the province shows an increasing trend for 6 years. In 2018, Koronadal
City has the most number of firemen at 60, followed by Polomolok (24), Tupi (17), Surallah (16), Sto.
Niño and Tantangan (15), Tboli (14), Tampakan (13), Lake Sebu (12), Banga (11), and Norala (10).
The city has three (3) available and serviceable fire trucks. Although, both the number of firemen and
fire trucks are projected to increase, the province has not yet achieved the standard ratio of 1 fireman
per 2,000 population since the current ratio is pegged at 1:4,473.
Protective Services sub-sector of the Social Sector:
1. High incidence of crimes

2. High incidence of vehicular accidents
3. Presence of Threat Groups / Negative Forces in the province: CPP-NPA, CNT, BIFF,
MILF and AKP

4. Weak response capacities during huge fire incidences
5. Operating business establishments without Fire Safety Inspection certificate (FSIC)
6. Jail congestion
7. Increase in number of inmates needing medical intervention and services
8. Insufficient logistical capacity of jail management
9. Proliferation of illegal drug use
5.3.1.9 Culture, Arts and Sports Development
In line with the thrust of the Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022 to promote Philippine
Culture and Values and the implementation of the National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009 (R.A.
10066), South Cotabato institutionalized the creation of the Local Culture and Arts Council (LCAC) –
a government led body headed by the local chief executive by virtue of E.O. 2018-45A, with the Arts,
Culture, Tourism and Museum Development Office acting as Secretariat.
The current limitations in the culture and arts sector include but not limited to inventory of both
tangible (people, properties) and intangible (cultural beliefs, ways, norms, music, dances, chants,
etc.) cultural assets and cultural heritage in the province.
Accordingly, there are eight (8) pillars of arts - dance, music, visual arts, literature, allied arts,
theater, cinema, architecture, and indigenous arts. Among the pillars, dance is the most popular and
visible in South Cotabato and may be classified into cultural, hiphop/popular, modern contemporary,
and ballroom/ dancesports. Music, on the other hand, is divided into individual, choral group, drum
and lyre/bugle, and bands. Visual arts cover fashion design, painting, cosmetology, and styling,
among others. Indigenous arts include weaving and brass-casting.
Culture, Arts Development sub-sector of the Social Sector:
1. Gradual loss of local culture (customs, traditions, beliefs) especially Filipino culture
represented by three ethno-linguistic groups/tribes in the province (Tboli, Maguinanaon and
Christian)
2. Unmaximized potentials of the creative industry
3. Cultural assimilation
5.3.1.10 Sports Development
Under Section 17, Article II of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, the state shall give priority to
education, science and technology, arts, culture, and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism,
accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and development”. To become
healthy, productive and well-developed citizens, every South Cotabateño regardless of age must
engage in sports activities to be able to contribute to the holistic growth of the populace.
In the previous years (2014 and below) South Cotabato has various sports organizations in the
field of swimming, taekwondo, football, golf and basketball. These include the Sea Lions Swimming
Club, Inc., South Cotabato Swimming Association, Aqua Valley Gliders Swimming Club, Philippine
Taekwondo Association-South Cotabato Chapter, Football Association of South Cotabato (FASCO),
Philippine Karatedo-South Cotabato Chapter, South Cotabato Golf Club, Socodarts, Inc., South
Cotabato Track and Field Association, South Cotabato Billiards Association, South Cotabato Track

and Field Association, South Cotabato Cheerleading Association, South Cotabato Table Tennis
Association, and Basketball Association of the Philippines (BAP)-South Cotabato Chapter.
However, due to lack of support from the local government units in providing access and venue
for these sports club or group to progress from a local group to producing internationally qualified
technical athletes, only few athletes from South Cotabato had reached the national and international
arena.
One of the major issues affecting the status and performance of the Sports Development sub-
sector of the Social Sector is less competitiveness and low participation in sports events at the
international and national levels.
5.3.2 Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets,Strategies and PPAs
The succeeding tables present the corresponding goals, objectives and targets to address the
identified major issues and challenges of the Social Development Sector.

Table 5 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Income, Employment and Poverty Sub-sector
Goal: Decent and productive employment towards increased and sustainable income, and reduced poverty
Programs,
No. Objectives Targets Projects, and Timeframe Location
Activities (PPAs)
1 Relatively high • To reduce • 100% of poor • Strengthen delivery of • Convergence • PPDO
poverty incidence poverty households are basic government Program
(Highest incidence of incidence in beneficiaries by services especially in Province-
poverty in municipalities 2028(PWD, senior wide(high
the province geographically isolated
with the highest citizen, IP, solo prioritization in
and disadvantage areas 2020-2028
population growth rates parent, Muslim, men areas with high
- Lake Sebu, and Tboli) and women, children, (GIDAs) poverty
youth, vulnerable and incidence rate)

disadvantaged
individuals/families)
• To reduce • 7,200 male and • Formulation of PSCB • Productivity Skills • PSWDO
Province-wide
poverty female beneficiaries Policy/Guidelines Capability Building
(high
incidence in from poor families through Administrative (PSCB) Program
prioritization in
the province trained and provided Order 2020-2028
areas with high
with sustainable • Strengthen Employable
poverty
livelihood and Marketable Life
incidence rate)
Skills Training
• To reduce • 2,500 beneficiaries • Conduct assessment of • Holding • PSWDO
poverty from poor families and applicants to priorities Opportunities for
incidence in disadvantage sectors families below poverty Productive Province-wide
the province provided with threshold Entrepreneurship (high
sustainable livelihood • Strengthen linkages (HOPE) Program prioritization in
2020-2028
with partner agencies areas with high
and LGUs for poverty
monitoring and incidence rate)
evaluation of
beneficiaries
• To reduce • 1% yearly poverty rate • Establish programs for • Sustainable • PESO-
poverty reduction sustainable livelihood Livelihood SouthCotabat
incidence in Program o and DOLE
the province (Provision of

livelihood starter Lake Sebu,
2020-2028
kits) Tboli
• DOLE Integrated
| 5-34
Livelihood and
Emergency
Program (DILEEP)
Sub-sector: Income, Employment and Poverty
Lead
Issues and Programs, Projects,
No. Objectives Targets Strategies/Policy Actions Timeframe Location Agency/
Concerns and Activities (PPAs)
Department
2 High • To reduce poverty • 1% yearly • Strengthen employment • Jobsfit Program • PESO-
unemployment incidence and unemployment facilitation services (job fair, • Job Fair Program South SouthCotab
2020-2028
rate unemployment in rate reduction special and local Cotabato ato and
the province recruitment activities) DOLE
• To reduce poverty • 360 individual • Strengthen linkages with • Productivity Skills • PSWDO
incidence and beneficiaries partner agencies and LGUs Capability Building
unemployment in (including 50 for monitoring and (PCSB) Program
the province PWDs) from poor evaluation of beneficiaries a.Provision of financial
Province-
families trained by for future recommendation assistance 2020-2028
Wide
PSCB and and assistance tomultipliers for NC
endorsed for II)
TESDA NC II b.Conduct of PWD
accreditation Sheltered Workshop
3 Labor market-job • To match labor • 100% of tech-voc • Improvement of local • SPES Program • PESO-South
mismatch market to available graduates market-job (summer job, year- Cotabato
(Limited wage jobs employed • Establish local labor-market round) and DOLE
employment • To establish other • 10% annual database • Kalakalang
opportunities in the employment increase in SPES • Establishment of Local Pangkabuhayan

province for alternatives for beneficiaries PESO Association Program
graduates of tech- TVET graduates Province-
• 100% of local • DILEEP Program 2020-2028
voc programs) wide
• To institutionalize all PESOs • Job Fair Program
PES Offices in the institutionalized • Labor Market
component LGUs of Information
South Cotabato • Creation of Association
of Local PESOs in
South Cotabato
• To match labor • 5% annual Strengthen implementation of • Skills Registry System • PESO-
market to available increase in skills- skills -based and employment Program SouthCotab
jobs job matching programs in the province • Job Fair Program Province- ato and
2020-2028
• Career Guidance and wide DOLE
Employment Coaching
Program
4 Increasing cases • To reduce cases of • 50% decrease in • Adopt a convergence • Child Labor •PSWDO
of child labor child labor in the child labor approach to combat child Convergence Program
province labor and protecting the (Livelihood assistance
rights of children to the parents of child •PESO-
Province-
• Strengthen partnership to laborers) 2020-2028 SouthCotab
wide
end child labor with • DILEEP Program ato, DOLE,
concerned agencies and • SPES Program DSWD,

LGUs • Project Angel Tree C/M/BLGUs
• Profiling of child laborers
Sub-sector: Income, Employment and Poverty
Programs, Projects,
Issues and Lead Agency/
No. Objectives Targets Strategies/Policy Actions and Activities Timeframe Location
Concerns Department
(PPAs)
5 Less economic • To increase •10% increase • Establish updated and centralized • Intensified Investment • LEIPU
diversification local income and in the number database on investment and the local Promotion Program
(Poor labor enhance local of new economy • Institutionalization of • LEIPU
market economic investors/ • Intensify investment promotion activities the LEIPU and
information diversity and businesses per of the province and component LGUs; creation • PESO -
system) vibrancy LGU • Institutionalize and capacitate Local ofplantillapositions South
• To improve labor •1 Labor Market Economic and Investment Units (LEIPUs) • Intensified Investment Cotabato,
market Information to aggressively attract investors Promotion Program Province- DOLE
information (LMI) System 2020-2028
• Establish updated and centralized • Labor Market Program wide
system established 12 database on investment and the local (Gather LMI and publish
LGUs in South economy thru media, job fairs,
Cotabato • Establish a labor market information etc.)
system
• Ensure compliance to the Labor Law on
labor market information through
advocacy and policy formulation
6 Payment of To implement the 100% of • Establish a centralized database of • Kasambahay Program • PESO-
wages for Kasambahay Law kasambahay or kasambahay/ domestic workers (Conduct convergence SouthCotabat
kasambahay/do and the minimum domestic • Increase awareness of activities,profiling, o, DOLE
mestic helpers wage rates as workers in the kasambahay/domestic workers and information advocacy
below the required by the province are employers on the Kasambahay Law of the Kasambahay
Province-
minimum law documented Law and the minimum 2020-2028
wide
required rate and paid with wage policy,
and not in wages in monitoring,
accordance with accordance to KasambahayDay)
the Labor the law
Standards
7 Poor access of To strengthen 100% of people • Establishment of a comprehensive, • Convergence Program •PPDO
social services access of social in the inclusive, and sustainable delivery of • Community Outreach •PSWDO and
services community have basic services to the community Program all partner
access to • Improve the wellbeing of South a.Provision of relief/ agencies
different Cotabateños especially in far flung areas food assistance
programs and b.Conduct of mass
services of the feeding and other
Province-
provincial social activities 2020-2028
government of wide

c.Provision of medical
South Cotabato and dental
assistance
d.Conduct of
| 5-36
consultation dialogue
e.Provision of other
services
Sub-s Table 5.3.2 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Health and Sanitation Sub-sector
Goal:Improved health of the people especially the marginalized

No. Issues and Concerns Objectives Targets Strategies/Policy Actions Timeframe Location
1 Increasing cases of To reduce • From MMR of • Strengthen Service Delivery • Family Planning Program • IPHO
maternal deaths maternal 120/100,000 on LB Network (SDN) • Maternal and Child
• Low coverage of Fully mortality ratio to 100/100,000 • Increase competencies of health Health and Neonatal
Immunized Mothers • MMR 30% lower providers in providing Program
(FIM) than the national comprehensive reproductive health • Infectious Diseases
• Low coverage of targets by 2028 and maternal and child health Program
contraceptive use • 30% higher than services • Establishment of Balay
(Family Planning the national FIM • Ordinance requiring all maternal Ni Nanay
Program) in some target by 2028 deliveries to be handled by skilled •
municipalities • 30% higher than birth attendants in a health facility

2020-2028 Provincewide
the national CSR • Ordinance to establish Service
target by 2028 Delivery Network from barangay to
municipal/city and provincial level
• Strengthen pregnancy tracking,
facility certification/ accreditation

• Strengthen PIR on Maternal Death
Review
• Ordinance to Institutionalize
Contraceptive Self Reliance (CSR)
Strategy
2 High morbidity and To reduce • 5% reduction on • Promote healthy lifestyle • Non-Communicable • IPHO
mortality rates on morbidity and morbidity and • Strengthen Public-Private Disease Program
some diseases mortality on the mortality rates of Partnership (PPP) on health (CVA,DM,CA,COPD and
• High prevalence of Top 10 leading the Top 10 leading concerns Renal)
lifestyle related diseases causes of causes of morbidity • Strengthen technical assistance in • Health and Wellness
(Non- Communicable morbidity and and mortality Sustainability Program
communities through health
Diseases) mortality • 5% reduction on classes, capability building and • Public Private
• Increasing number of
Infectious Diseases (TB,
mortality rate of skills training Partnership Program for
Pneumonia) non-communicable • Intensify monitoring and evaluation Health
• Increasing number of disease activities of all health programs • Capability Enhancement 2020-2028 Provincewide
non-communicable for Priority Health
diseases Program
(VD/CA/DNJ/COPD) • Establishment of
• High incidence of food Centralized Dialysis
and water-borne Center
diseases (diarrhea,
cholera)
• Water-borne Diseases
Prevention and
Management Program
Sub-sector 2: Health and Sanitation
Strategies/Policy Lead Agency/
No. Issues and Concerns Objectives Targets Programs, Projects, and Activities (PPAs) Timeframe Location Department
Actions
3 Increasing Infant Mortality Rate To reduce • From 17/1,000 Live Births to• Strengthen Service • Child Health and Nutrition Program • IPHO
(IMR) infant <17/1,000 Delivery Network
• Poor awareness of mothers on mortality • 30% lower than the national • Strengthen
accessing primary health care rates target by 2028 partnership with
services RHUs in the conduct
• Low coverage of facility- based of advocacy
delivery
regarding New Born
• Inadequate skilled birth attendants
Screening Province-
(public health workers) 2020-2028
wide
• Low coverage of Fully Immunized
Children (FIC)
• Low coverage of Essential Newborn
Care (EINC)
• Low percentage of mothers
practicing exclusive breastfeeding up
to 6 months
• Low coverage of Newborn Screening

4 Increasing cases of confirmed To contain • 100% of clients contained • Secure adequate • STI/HIV/AIDS Prevention Program • IPHO
STI/HIV/AIDS spread of through proper IEC and funding for STI/ HIV
confirmed medication /AIDS Program
cases of • 100% of referred clients Province-
STI/HIV/ 2020-2028
extended medical & wide
AIDS transportation assistance
• 9% of case found provided
with ARVs by 2028
5 Growing cases of emerging and • To • Zero fatality rate of • Strengthen • HFEP/PLGU Project for SCPH • IPHO
re-emerging diseases including mitigate emerging and re-emerging monitoring activity • Surveillance, Response and Management
infectious diseases(dengue, spread of diseases and community of Diseases and Outbreak Program
malaria, including COVID19) emerging mobilization of • Integrated Vector Control Management on
and re- emerging and re- Dengue Prevention Program
emerging emerging diseases • COVID19 Pandemic Program
diseases • Develop and • Formulate Emerging and Re-emerging
• To reduce integrate Infectious Disease (EREID) Preparedness
incidence surveillance and Response Plan
of dengue mechanism with • Program on the Preparedness, Prevention, 2020-2028 Province-
cases existing surveillance Control and Management of Epidemics / wide
• To sustain system Pandemics
zero • Strengthen • Establishment of laboratories,
malaria containment

isolation/quarantine facilities, testing
case measures on centers, and other health care facilities for
infectious diseases emerging and re-emerging infectious and
• Functional non-infectious diseases (epidemic/
| 5-38
Epidemiology and pandemic)
Surveillance •
System
Issues and Strategies/Policy Programs, Projects, and Activities Lead Agency/
No. Objectives Targets Timeframe Location
Concerns Actions (PPAs) Department
• Universal Health Care Program •
• Sustainable Health Care Provider
Network (HCPN)
• Primary Care Provider Network
(PCPN) Program
6 Poor people’s • To improve • Increase bed capacity • Provide health • Service Delivery Network Program • IPHO
access to health people’s of government owned facilities or services • Zero Balance Billing Program
services, access to and managed to remote • Health Facility Enhancement
especially the health services, hospitals barangays Project Program
socio- especially the • 100% efficiency on • Improve health • Medical Facilities and Equipment
economically socio- health referral system service delivery Upgrading Program

marginalized economically • Upgrade all public • Strengthen local • Basic Hospital Customer Service
• Inadequate and marginalized hospitals managed by legislative support Satisfaction Program
inaccessible health sector the provincial to health programs
services and facilities • To improve
• Development of Hospital
government by 2022 at all levels of Investment Plan
in remote/far-flung
delivery of (PMH to Level 1, UVCH government

barangays • Universal Health Care Program
preventive and to Regional Hospital, barangay level
• Poor referral system NDH to Level II, SCPH
• Sustainable Health Care Provider
• Misidentification of curative Network (HCPN)
services as Full Level III)
National Housing • Primary Care Provider Network
• Maintain the 4x4 2020-
Targeting System (PCPN) Program Provincewide
Beneficiaries accreditation of all 2028
rural health units and • Formulation of Local Investment
• Weak legislative
city health office by Plan for Health (LIPH) and Annual
support on the health
sector 2022 Operational Plan (AOP)
• Social Infrastructure and Services
Support Program
(Support to Provincial Government
Operated Hospitals; Support to
Rural Health Units; Support to
P/C/M/BLGU Health Facilities;
Upgrading and Rehabilitation of
Health Facilities, Integrated
Management Center Health Care
Treatment Facility)
Lead
Strategies/Policy Programs, Projects, and Activities
No. Issues and Concerns Objectives Targets Timeframe Location Agency/
Actions (PPAs)
Department
• Advancement of Health Services, •
Hospital Management and Information
System Modernization Program
• Support to Health Data Management:
iHOMIS and iclinicsys
• National Voluntary Blood Services
Program
• Support to Provincial Blood Donation
Council
• Operationalization of Inter-grated
Public Health Outpatient

Polyclinicservices
• Expansion of the Integrated Provincial
Health Office
• Provincial Health Summit
• Operationalization of the Provincial
Inter-agency Committee on Indigenous
Peoples (PIAC-IP) Health
• Operationalization of Public Health
Laboratory Services
• Operationalization of Mobile Public
Health Dental Program
7 Increasing number of • To decrease • Zero • Strengthen mental • Mental Health Program • IPHO /
suicide deaths number of deaths suicide health advocacies • Sectoral Community Welfare and PSWDO
due to suicide deaths • Establish 24/7 mental Development Program • PSWDO
health hotline per • Adolescence Development Program
LGU • Gender and Development Program • PPO
• Responsible Parenthood and Family 2020-2028 Provincewide
Planning Program • PPO
• Convergence Program
• Establish Suicide Surveillance • PPO
Formulate / Advocate Suicide First Aid
Guidelines • PPDO

•
| 5-40
Lead
Programs, Projects, and
No. Issues and Concerns Objectives Targets Strategies/Policy Actions Timeframe Location Agency/
Activities (PPAs)
Department
8 Increasing number of • To reduce • 100% of referred • Facilitate the conduct of intake • Rabies Eradication • IPHO
deaths due to animal number of dog bite patients interview of dog bite patients Program
bites deaths due to extended anti- • Collaborate with the (Post Exposure of Rabies
rabies/animal rabies vaccine Department of Agriculture (DA) Patients)
bites • 100% of dog bites and Provincial Veterinary • PEP Supply Assurance
provided by Office (PVET) on intensifying Program
vaccines by 2019 social and behavioral change
onward communication campaign on
Responsible Pet Ownership
(RPO) and on the immediate
and proper management of

animal bites
• Improve access of rabies
exposed patients to Post-
Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)

• Strengthen implementation on
Responsible Pet Ownership
(RPO)
9 Poor environmental • To increase • 100% of HHs with • Conduct regular annual • Water and Sanitation • IPHO
sanitation number of safe water supply Program Implementation Program
• Low percentage of households by 2021 and Review (PIR) on Environment • Water Safety Plan
population with access to with access to maintained Sanitation Program Program (Water Quality
safe water in some safe and annually • Enhance capability of RSIs, Assurance and
municipalities (93%); potable water • 100% of HHs BSIs and other partners in Standards)
• Low percentage of
households with sanitary
• To increase have access to the surveillance of water • Water Supply System
toilets (88%); number of sanitary toilet by quality and other programs Development and
Some food establishments households 2021 and • Rehabilitation Project
are not fully complying with sanitary maintained • Establishment of 2020-2028 Provincewide
with the Sanitation Code of toilets annually Mineral Water
the Philippines • To ensure that • 100% compliance Analysis/Testing Center
all food of food • Conduct Orientation on
establishments establishment Prevention of Food-
comply with the operators in borne and Water Borne
Sanitary Code securing sanitary Diseases
of the permits and
Philippines maintained
annually
• Lead
Programs, Projects, and Agency/
Activities (PPAs) Departmen
t
10 High vulnerability of • To reduce • Vulnerability • Strengthen health sector DRRM/CCA Health
population to impacts of vulnerability of reduction from high preparedness and Emergency Management
disasters/ climate population to to low management on health Program
change/ impacts of emergencies due to natural /
epidemics/pandemic disasters/ man-made /climate change
2020-2028 Provincewide IPHO
climate calamities and
change/ epidemics/pandemic
epidemics/pan • Functional Disaster Risk
demic Reduction Management for
Health System
Table 5.3.3 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Nutrition Sub-sector
Goal: Well-nourished individuals and communities in South Cotabato

Strategies/Policy Programs, Projects, Lead Agency/
No. Issues and Concerns Objectives Targets Timeframe Location
Actions and Activities (PPAs) Department
1 High levels of stunting • To reduce levels of • < 8% malnutrition • Complementation of • Nutrition and Hunger PSWDO
and wasting among Child Stunting rate among pre- Nutrition Specific and Management Program
children under 5 years • To minimize the school children (0- Nutrition Sensitive - Sagop Bata
of age, with levels that prevalence of iron 71 mos. old) by programs. - Bulig Mo, Buwas
have remained deficiency among 2021 Intensify mobilization of Damlag Ko
unchanged over the pregnant, lactating • 10% reduction of LGUs through Municipal - Kapitbisig Para Sa
years mothers and the iron deficiency rate Nutrition Committees Kabataan
• Prevalence of iron elderly among pregnant, - Vitameal
deficiency among • To make feeding lactating mothers Supplementary
pregnant, lactating program accessible and the elderly Feeding 2020-2028 Provincewide
mothers and the to all its recipients, every 2 years - Infant and young
elderly even in remote 100% of preschoolers child feeding
• Poor access of barangays from far-flung areas program
malnourished children To increase budget availed of feeding • Establishment of Food
in remote areas to allocation on program by 2020- Laboratory for

feeding and nutrition supplementary 2022 Complementary Food
interventions feeding
Minimal budget on
supplementary feeding
| 5-42
Sub-sector 3: Nutrition
No. Issues and Concerns Objectives Targets Timeframe Location
2 Deficiencies in To reduce micro • Vitamin A deficiency • Revised Policy and • Nutrition and Hunger • PSWDO
Vitamin A, Iron and nutrient deficiencies < 15% Guidelines on Management Program
Iodine particularly to levels below • Anemia to Women Micronutrient - Multivitamins and
among groups for public health of Reproductive age Supplementation micronutrient
which the problem is significance (WRA) <6% • Strengthen supplementation
of public health • 100% utilization of implementation of - Infant and young
significance: fortified foods & national laws and child feeding
• % of children 6 mos- iodized salt policies (R.A. program
59 mos. Old with 8976:Food Fortification - Home-school- 2020-2028 Provincewide
vitamin A deficiency Law, R.A. 8172:Act for community food
• % of Anemic women of Salt Iodization production
reproductive age (20- Nationwide Law, DOH - Nutrition education

39 yrs. old A.O. 2010- - Vitameal
• Fortified foods 84% 0010:Micronutrient Supplementary
iodized salt utilization Supplementation Feeding
Program) on nutrition • Establishment of

Nutri Village
3 Poor infant and young • To reduce • <15% of infants are • Strengthen Nutrition • Nutrition Program • PSWDO
child feeding in the prevalence of low of low birthweight Program • Infant and Young
1st2 years of life birthweight • >50% of infants are implementation Child Feeding
coupled with bouts of • To increase the exclusively • Complementation of Program
infection percentage of breastfed nutrition specific and • Community-
Continuous challenge infants 5 months nutrition sensitive BasedHealth &
on Exclusive old who are • >25% of 6-23 programs Nutrition Support
breastfeeding (EBF) in exclusively months old children • Intensify mobilization of Program 2020-2028 Provincewide
the first 6 months of life breastfed meet the minimum LGUs through •
To increase the acceptable diet Municipal Nutrition
percentage of Committees
children 6-23
months old meeting
the minimum
acceptable diet
Sub-sector 3: Nutrition
Issues and Strategies/Policy Programs, Projects, Lead Agency/

No. Objectives Targets Timeframe Location
Concerns Actions and Activities (PPAs) Department
4 Overweight Reduce number of • ≤5% reduction on • Strengthen home- • Nutrition Program • PSWDO
andobesity among overweight and obese overweight and based and in-school • Overweight and
Children children obese children nutrition program Obesity Management 2020-2028 Provincewide
• Promote healthy and Prevention
lifestyle among children Program
5 Inadequate technical • To improve the • 100% (300) of • Strengthen Nutrition • Nutrition Program • PSWDO
skills of nutrition performance of field barangay Nutrition Program • Passing of Resolution
service providers and office personnel Scholars trained • Support NAOPA for the creation of
in the delivery and • 100% of (Nutrition Action local Nutrition Action
promotion of nutrition BNS/service Officers of the Officers (NAO) in the

services providers are province
Philippines Association)
• To develop the equipped with the 2020-2028 Provincewide
capacity of right knowledge, through Resolution
BNS/service skills and attitude to • Organization of
providers perform duties provincial and regional
• 100% of NAOs in NAOs
the province have
plantilla position

| 5-44
Table 5.3.4 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Social Welfare and Protection Sub-sector
Goal: Improved socio-economic condition and general well-being of the disadvantaged individuals, families and communities of South Cotabato
Issues and Programs, Projects, and Activities Lead Agency/
No. Objectives Targets Strategies/Policy Actions Timeframe Location
Concerns (PPAs) Department
1 High number of To reduce • 100% of • Strengthen existing poverty • Convergence Program • PPDO
families and prevalence of families and reduction measures and realign • Sectoral Community Welfare and • PSWDO
communities families and communities unnecessary programs Development Program
below poverty communities below • Gender and Development Program • PPO
threshold or with below poverty poverty 2020- Provinc
• Responsible Parenthood and • PPO
unmet basic needs threshold threshold 2028 e-wide
Family Planning Program
improved by • Family Planning Program • IPHO
2020-2025 • Barangay Empowerment Program
• Community Outreach Program
2 Increasing To reduce •100% • Ensure prompt and adequate • Convergence Program • PPDO
vulnerability of vulnerabilities reduction of delivery of response and relief • Quick Response Program • PDRRMO
families and of families and vulnerable services to disaster victims of • Crisis Intervention Program • PSWDO
communities to communities families and natural and man-made • Establishment of Community • PPDO
disasters and from disasters communities calamities Based Monitoring System (CBMS)
climate change and climate to disasters • Facilitate the relocation of to all component LGUs and in the

impacts change and climate vulnerable families along danger PLGU 2020- Province-
impacts change zones and Internally Displaced • Social Rehabilitation Program 2028 wide • PSWDO
impacts Persons • Sectoral Community Welfare and • PSWDO
• Strengthen response and relief Development Program
operations and services to • DRRM, CCA, and Quick Response
vulnerable individuals, families Program for Vulnerable and
and communities from disasters Affected Communities
and climate change impacts
3 Increasing number To decrease •100% •Identify / profile and assess • Sectoral Community Welfare and • PSWDO
of children in number of decreased in CICLs, CARs, OSYs and street Development Program
conflict with the CICL, CAR, number of children for data banking • Program on Children Welfare and • PPO
law (CICL), OSY and CICL, CAR • Establish appropriate Operationalization of Local Council • PSWDO
children at risk street children and street interventions on social for Protection of Children
(CAR), out-of- children transformation of CICL, CARs, • Adolescent Development Program
school youth 2020- Province-
OSYs and street children (ADP)
2028 wide
(OSY), and street • Completion of Bahay Pag-asa /
children Residential Facility
• Creation of Local Youth
Development Office / Council
• Construction of Provincial Youth
Center
Sub-sector 4: Social Welfare and Protection
Lead
Activities (PPAs)
Department
4 Limited access of the • To improve access of • 50% of • Strengthen the •Convergence Program • PPDO
disadvantaged sectors the disadvantaged disadvantage implementation of social •Sectoral Community • PSWDO
to social protection sectors to social d sectors welfare programs and Welfare and Development
and crisis, and family services improved poverty reduction Program • PSWDO
and community • To improve funding access to mechanisms •Crisis Intervention • PPO
services, due to the support of barangays social • Strengthen all Social Program
following: on population protection Protection Councils and •Gender and Development
• Inadequate facilities development and crisis, other Social Sector Program
for the welfare of programs for families and family related organizations •Operationalization of
disadvantaged and communities and (Inter Agency on Anti- Residential Care Faciltiy
sectors • To improve programs community Trafficking and for Vulnerable Sector

• Inadequate data on and services for services VAWC,PCPC, PADAC, (Drop-In Center) Province-
population of different abuse women and • 100% of PPOC, DADVFF, etc.) 2020-2028
wide
sectors exploited children and programs and • Mobilize and strengthen
• Incomplete Social providing funding projects for public-private partnership
Protection and support delivered and mechanisms among
Development Report • To improve funding implemented existing NGOs, POs and
(SPDR) for all sectors support of barangays at the private partners on social
• Limited funds for on population barangay welfare and development
social protection and development level programs
family and community programs for families • Establish local support of
services and communities LGUs to the national law
on Magna carta for the
disadvantage sectors
5 Increasing number of • To reduce number of • 1% annual • Strengthen programs on • Adolescent Development • PPO
teenage pregnancies teenage pregnancies reduction on responsible adolescence Program • PPO
teenage and parenthood • Gender and Development • PPO
pregnancies • Strengthen public-private Program
partnership on social • Responsible Parenthood • IPHO
Province-
development efforts and Family Planning 2020-2028 • PSWDO
wide
Program
• Family Planning Program

•Sectoral Community
Welfare and Development
Program
| 5-46
6 Limited access of To improve access 100% of PWDs • Establishment of unit/office in- • Creation of Provincial Disability • PGO
persons with of PWDs to have access to charge for PWD concerns Affairs Office (PDAO)
disabilities (PWDs) to education and education and • Strengthen public-private • Sectoral Community Welfare and • PSWDO
education and employment employment partnership on social development Development Program
employment opportunities opportunities efforts
opportunities annually
7 Increasing number of To reduce VAWC 10% of VAWC • Strengthen social protection • Adolescent Development • PPO
VAWC cases cases cases reduced programs Program • PPO
annually • Strengthen public-private • Gender and Development • PPO
partnership on social development Program
efforts • Responsible Parenthood and • IPHO
Family Planning Program • PSWDO

• Family Planning Program Province-
2020-2028
•Sectoral Community Welfare and wide
Development Program
•Support to Provincial Inter-

agency Committee Against
Trafficking and Violence Against
Women and Children (PIACAT-
VAWC)
8 Presence of individuals To increase 100% of rebels • Strengthen government services to • E-CLIP Program • PSWDO
/minorities recruited by number of rebel surrendered to the geographically isolated and • Establishment of Halfway Home • PSWDO
the CPP-NPA-NDF to returnees government displaced areas (GIDAs) especially for Former Rebels
join the rebel groups on poverty reduction efforts • Crisis Intervention Program Province- • PSWDO
2020-2028
• Facilitate reintegration of former • Convergence Program wide • PPDO
rebels to the mainstream society
• Creation of CLIP Committee to
steer the CLIP Program
9 High incidence of To decrease 10% annual • Strengthen IEC on family planning, • Adolescent Development • PPO
reported abuse, number of cases of reduction on cases responsible parenthood, Program • PPO
neglected, abandoned abused, neglected, of abused, adolescence development and • Gender and Development • PPO
and foundling children abandoned and neglected, gender and development Program • IPHO
foundling children abandoned and Province-
• Responsible Parenthood and 2020-2028 • PSWDO
foundling children wide
Family Planning Program
• Family Planning Program
• Sectoral Community Welfare
and Development Program
10 Limited access of the • To increase 80% of • Strengthen public-private partnership on • Sectoral Community • PSWDO
disadvantaged sector access of disadvantaged social development efforts Welfare and
(OSY, PWD, Senior, disadvantage sectors are able to • Improve/upgrade capacity and skills of Development Program • PPDO
Women, Single/Solo sectors in improve their skills disadvantaged sectors to generate - Holding Opportunities
Parent) to financial capital livelihood and generate livelihood and income
for livelihood development projects of livelihood and for Productive Province-
Entrepreneurship 2020-2028
projects government income wide
Inadequate capacity and (HOPE) Program
skills of women, OSY and - PSCB Program
other disadvantaged sectors • Convergence Program
to generate livelihood and
income
11 Low participation of To increase 100% of • Strengthen government services to • Sectoral Community • PSWDO
preschoolers in Early participation of preschoolers in far geographically isolated and displaced areas Welfare and •
Childhood Care (ECC) preschoolers in flung brgys availed/(GIDAs) especially on poverty reduction Development Program • PDO
particularly in the far-flung ECC particularly in enrolled in the day efforts
barangays far-flung care centers • Convergence Program
• Strengthen public-private partnership on 2020-2028 Province-
barangays social development efforts wide
• Requiring all component C/M/BLGUs to
undergo assessment and accreditation of
Day Care Centers (DCCs) and Day Care
Workers (DCWs)
12 Increasing number of To reduce 100% of barangays • Strengthen Public-Private Partnership in the • Support to Provincial 2020-2028 Province- • PSWDO
individuals using illegal individuals using are drug-free elimination of illegal drugs or substance/ Anti-Drug Abuse Council wide
drugs/ drug-dependent / illegal drugs / drug abuse (PADAC)
substance abuse substance abuse
• Barkada Kontra Droga

| 5-48
Increasing number of To reduce 100% of LSIs, ROFs, • Strengthen the local resiliency efforts of • Balik South Cotabato 2020-2028 Provincewi• PGO
individuals/ families vulnerable APORs, LGUs to address sectoral concerns of Program / Hatid de /PDRRMO
affected by individuals/families discriminated and individuals/ families/ communities to Probinsya Program
epidemic/pandemic/ affected by other vulnerable epidemics/pandemics/ calamities
calamities epidemic/pandemi individuals / families
c are disease-free ,
safe, recovered, and
locally integrated
with sustainable
livelihood
Table 5.3.5 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Education Sub-sector
Goal: Morally and functionally literate, productive, and self-reliant South Cotabateños equipped with quality education and life skills to pursue socio-economic
opportunities

1 • Limited access of To increase access • 100% of vulnerable • Strengthen coordination between • Education Support Program 2020-2028 Province- • PBO /LSB
vulnerable sectors to of vulnerable sectors sectors have access LGUs, NLAs, NGOs/ CSOs, for Vulnerable Sectors (IPs, wide (DepEd)
education (IPs, to education to quality education private sector to give access to OSYs,PWDs, Indigent
OSYs,PWDs, Indigent by 2022 vulnerable sector to quality Families, CICL, CAR,
Families, CICL, CAR, education elderly, teenage mothers,
elderly, teenage drop-out students, working
mothers, drop-out students)
students, working
students)
Sub-sector 5: Education
2 Inadequate number To meet teacher • 1 teacher and 45 • Strengthen Local School Board of • Hiring of additional teaching 2020-2028 Province- • PBO /LSB
of teachers requirement pupils/students ratio local government units personnel (pre-school, wide (DepEd)
especially with the in 2028 (province/city/municipality) elementary, junior high,
• Limited plantilla implementation of K • 620 more • Hire additional teachers to serve senior high school
positions and elementary teachers in far-flung areas teachers) through Special
to 12 program for
inadequate benefits hired by SY 2018- • Institutionalization of pre-school Education Fund (SEF)of
pre-school, 2019 teachers thru ordinance local government units
for pre-school
teachers elementary and • 394 more high • Tap other resources/alternatives (province/city/ municipality)
secondary levels school teachers to acquire additional funding to • Creation of plantilla position
based on standards hired by SY 2018- hire and provide other benefits for for pre-school teachers
2019
pre-school teachers
3 Imbalanced To balance the • 1 teacher to 15-30 • Strengthen Local School Board of • Hiring of additional teaching 2020-2028 Province- • PBO /
distribution of distribution of pupils/students ratio local government units personnel through Special wide LSB (DepEd)
teachers in far-flung teachers as per the in 2028 (province/city/municipality) Education Fund (SEF) of
areas compared to • Achieved 1:40 • Hire additional teachers to serve local government units
number of students
the urban centers pupil/student- in far-flung areas (province/city/ municipality)
in far-flung areas
teacher ratio in • Lobby for the allocation of
elementary level and additional incentives and other
1:45 pupil/student- benefits other than those
teacher ratio in stipulated by law to attract
secondary level in competent and dedicated
identified areas with teachers to work in remote areas
pupil/student-
teacher ratio below
standard
4 Deteriorating school To upgrade and • 1 conducive • Strengthen Local School Board of • Repair/ rehabilitation of 2020-2028 Province- • PBO /
building structures improve school classroom to 1 local government units (province/ school buildings through wide LSB (DepEd)
building structures section in 2028 city/municipality) Special Education Fund
• 80% of public school • Improvement of social (SEF) of local government
buildings are infrastructures (deteriorated units (province/city/
repaired/ classrooms, buildings, school municipality)
rehabilitated by 2019 facilities and school-based sports
facilities)
• Establish public-private

partnership (PPP) measures for
the improvement of school-based
infrastructures
| 5-50
Issues and Lead Agency/
No. Objectives Targets Strategies/Policy Actions Programs, Projects, and Activities (PPAs) Timeframe Location
Concerns Department
5 Declining Cohort • To increase • 100% completion • Establish platforms for ease of • Free Education Program • PGO-PESO
Survival Rates in cohort survival rate in basic access on various programs on • Kabugwason Paglaum Scholarship • PGO-KPSP
basic education rates in basic education educational assistance, skills Program
(K to12) education • 100% of youth upgrading, and scholarships • Support to disadvantaged and vulnerable • PBO/
• Low Participation • To increase (IPs, DAP and • Widen access to both formal children and youth and Construction of LSB(DepEd)
Rate participation rate OSYs) have and non-formal education school buildings through Special Education
• Poor access to • To provide better access to • Strengthen provision of basic Fund (SEF) of local government units 2020-2028 Provincewide
education of access to government services to (province/city/ municipality)
some youth education
education of disadvantage and vulnerable • Convergence Program
belonging to •
youth belonging 1 learning persons • UNIFAST Program • PPDO
cultural minorities/ to cultural institution to • Expand the ALS Program • Construction/ Improvement of roads • National
IPs, differently every remote
minorities/IPs, leading to schools Government

abled person DAP and OSYs area in 2028
(DAP) and OSYs • Zero dropout rate • Enhance bridging learning • Establish ALS institution every municipality • DepEd
in 2028 programs or alternative learning 2020-2028 Provincewide
system (ALS)
• 100% enrolment • Strengthen and activate school • Barkada Kontra Droga • PNP

rate in basic councils, organizations, clubs and • Culture and Arts /Extra-Curricular • DepEd
education other school-recognized peer Program
groups (include but not limited to BSP, GSP, FHP, 2020-2028 Provincewide
Science Week, 4H Club, press conference,
intramurals, elementary/ high school day, Buwan
ng Wika, learning fora, recollection, acquaintance
party, JS Prom, competitions, etc.)
6 Inadequate • To meet the • 1 armchair for • Establish public-private • Replication of “Build-an-Armchair” Project • PBO /
armchairs for both armchair every partnership (PPP) measures for for confiscated illegal forest products LSB (DepEd)
elementary pupils requirement for elementary and the improvement of school- through Special Education Fund (SEF) of
and secondary both elementary high school based infrastructures local government units (province/city/ 2020-2028 Provincewide
level students pupils and high pupil/student in • Promote an “Adopt-a- municipality)
school students 2028 Classroom” scheme in
accessing funds for more chairs
7 Inadequate number • To meet • 1 classroom to • Establish public-private • Construction of school buildings through • PBO /
of classrooms classroom every section partnership (PPP) measures for Special Education Fund (SEF) of local LSB (DepEd)
especially in requirement for both in urban the improvement of school- government units (province/city/
remote areas elementary and and rural based infrastructures municipality)
secondary levels including remote • Promote an “Adopt-a- 2020-2028 Provincewide
based on areas by 2028 Classroom” scheme in
standards accessing funds for more
(especially in classrooms
remote areas)
8 Low school • To improve • 100% of schools • Creation of composite team • Schools Monitoring Program • DepEd
performance performance monitored, every district and mobility to • Provision of Logistics (1 vehicle) for • PBO / LSB
monitoring, and evaluated and provide monitoring, evaluation school monitoring program (DepEd)
• Inadequate evaluation and supervised and instructional supervision implementation through Special
competency instructional • 100% competency that would cover numerous Education Fund (SEF) of local
trainings offered to supervision of all trainings given to areas, teachers and schools government units (province/city/
administrator and schools administrators and municipality) 2020-2022 Province-wide
teachers • To provide teachers in 2028 • Faculty Skills Development
adequate Program
competency • Communication Development
trainings to Program
administrator and
teachers
9 Weak curriculum • To improve • 100% increase in • Upgrade skills and capabilities • Faculty Skills Development Program • DepEd
integration utilizing curriculum number of ICT of public school teachers and • Communication Development
information and integration using facilities and supervisors in utilizing ICT/multi- Program
communication ICT/multi-media equipment to media instruction • School Libraries and Laboratories
technologies (ICT) / instruction public schools • Upgrade educational materials Development Program 2020-2028 Province-wide
multi-media • 1 set ICT or and facilities
instruction and multimedia
facilities/ equipment in
equipment in most every class in
schools 2028
10 Low participation • To increase • 100% participation • Strengthen SEF budget • Culture and Arts Development • PGO-ACTM
to activities and participation of of pupils/students allocation and utilization, and Program • PGO-SDO
competitions pupils/ students to to sports, culture lobby for additional funds to • Sports Development Program • PBO/ LSB
related to sports, activities and and arts activities support sports, culture and arts • Support to Sports, Culture and Arts (DepEd)
culture and arts in competitions and competitions activities and competitions Development Program through
all levels related to sports, (provincial, • Establish public-private Special Education Fund (SEF) of
culture and arts regional, national, partnership (PPP) measures for local government units (province/city/
• Passive attitude of • To produce international) the improvement of school- municipality) • PGO-ACTM
some parents national and • 100% participation based infrastructures • Creation of Local Culture and Arts
towards school international and involvement of • Strengthen linkages with Council 2020-2028 Province-wide • PGO-SDO
activities winners from parents in school provincial, regional and national • Creation of Local Sports
sports and culture activities line agencies for fund support Development Council • DepEd
and arts • Institutionalization of sports, and • Sports Development Program

competitions culture and arts council in all (city/provincial meet, • DepEd
• To increase LGUs SRAA,palaro,etc.)
participation and
• Encourage regular participation • Family Day Program
| 5-52
involvement of /attendance of parents to PTCA
parents in school meetings, card day and family-
activities related school activities
No Issues and Programs, Projects, and Activities Lead Agency/
Objectives Targets Strategies/Policy Actions Timeframe Location
. Concerns (PPAs) Department
11 Inadequacy in the To prepare • 100% of requirement • Strengthen SEF budget • Construction/ Rehabilitation of • PBO/LSB
preparedness of secondary schools to meet standards allocation and utilization on school buildings, Provision of (DepEd)
many public for the for teachers, infrastructure and logistical logistics, Hiring of additional
secondary implementation of classrooms, support teachers through Special Education
schools in Senior High School armchairs and • Establish public-private Fund (SEF) of local government
implementing the Program instructional partnership (PPP) measures units (province/city/ municipality)
Senior High School materials in for the improvement of
Program implementing the school-based infrastructures
under Republic Act 2020-2028 Provincewide
Senior High School and logistical support
10533 Program met
• 100% completeness
• Limited teachers of instructional
• Lack of classrooms materials in 2028

and arm chairs • 1 class to 1
• Lack of teaching classroom ratio
materials
12 Mismatch between • To match the • 100% of graduates • Develop an online system on • Establishment of Provincial • PGO-PESO

the industry industry from TechVoc local job demand and supply Manpower Databank for easy
requirements/ requirements/ schools employed • Establish an accurate and matching of jobs as per need and
demands and demands and • One (1) consultation timely labor market availability
supply of graduates supply of conducted every year information system in • Mandatory hiring of South
coming from graduates as a convergence coordination with the Cotabateño with excellent scholastic
schools especially coming from activity of academe Department of Labor (DOLE) records that are beneficiaries of
implementing TechVocschools and other agencies and the Commission on different scholarship grants for
technical and • To lessen the involved in education Higher Education (CHED) employment in the LGU Offices
vocational gap between and employment • Generate/develop/ craft 2020-2028 Provincewide
education(TechVoc) industry policies and plans relating to
programs requirements TVET
and supply of • Strengthen public and private
graduates of partnership
Technical and • Employment localization
Vocational
Education and
Training (TVET)
programs
Targets • Strategies/Policy Programs, Projects, and Activities Lead Agency/
No. Issues and Concerns Objectives Timeframe Location
Actions (PPAs) Department
13 Lack of readiness of • To develop pool of Allocation of at • Retool and accredit • Training Program for Retooling • TESDA/ PGO
the three educational trainers to address the least 20 more trainers for higher /Skills Enhancement of Trainers
bodies (DepEd, skills ademand of scholarship slots level TVET • Trainer’s Methodology Course
CHED, TESDA) in the industries and to meet for retooling/skills qualifications for • Accreditation of Competency
implementation of the requirements of K to teachers needed to Assessment Centers and
enhancement of 2020-2028 Provincewide
educational reforms 12 and other educational implement the K-12 and Competency Assessors
such as K to 12 and reforms as defined in the trainers for K-12 in to address skills needed
PQF the scholarship by industries
the Philippine
Qualification program of TESDA
Framework
Weak implementation • To strengthen •100% job •Strengthen • Convergence Program • PPDO

14 of interface between preparation of TESDA opportunity for community-based • KabugwasonPaglaum • PGO-KPSP
TechVoc and higher and DepEd for the K-12 every TechVoc learning program Scholarship Program
education curriculum implementation and for graduate in 2028 •Strengthen • K-12 Program • DepEd
• Limited wage the three education •100% sufficiency Convergence Program • Learning Continuity Plan • DepEd
employment bodies(DepEd, rate of certified of the government • TESDA Online Program (TOP) • TESDA
opportunities in the TESDA,CHED) for the workers •Conduct massive Program
province for PQF implementation •1 TechVoc information • Technical and Vocational • TESDA
graduates of • To establish other institution for dissemination Education and Training Program
TechVoc programs employment alternatives every campaign in all LGUs • Expanded Tertiary Education • CHED
• Low number of for TVET graduates Municipality in the province Equivalency and Accreditation Provincewide
certified workers • To increase number of •100% of •Strengthen public- Program 2020-2028
• CHED
ready for certified workers ready students private partnership in • Student Financial Assistance
employment locally for employment locally especially in far- the delivery of basic Program (StuFAPs)
and globally and globally flung areas have social services
• Low accessibility of • To widen accessibility of access to
TechVoc programs tech-voc programs to governments
especially in the far- poor but deserving youth basic education
flung areas especially those coming and TechVoc
• Lack of programs/ from far-flung areas programs
data for tertiary • To provide data and
education implement programs for
tertiary education

| 5-54
Early suspension of • To continue • 100% of learning of • Establish learning Learning Continuity Plan
15 classes in SY2019- classes pupils / students mechanisms through
2020 due to the threats amidst the continued at all online, modular, or
of COVID19 pandemic pandemic levels for SY2020- scheduled class meetings 2020-2022 Provincewide DepEd
• Sudden change of 2021 and in the as applicable per school
academic year cycle succeeding school
years
Table 5.3.6 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Housing Sub-sector
Goal: Adequate, decent, affordable and disaster - resilient housing for all especially the marginalized sector in South Cotabato
1 High housing backlog • To reduce • 100% of housing • Establish Local Housing • Creation of Human Settlements • PGO
due to displaced housing backlog addressed and Poverty Reduction and Urban Development

households, doubled- backlog • Provision of housing Office/Units to take the Offices/Unit in every LGU
up households and • To create in coordination and lead in housing and (Environmental, Land Use,
population growth Local partnering with poverty reduction Urban Planning and • PPDO
• Absence of recent Housing and Local Government projects, its assessment, Development, Real Estate
survey/data on the Poverty Units of about 12% identification and Development and Regulation,
number of informal Reduction of housing backlog purchase of suitable lots and Human Settlements/
settler families (ISFs) Units of the concerned for socialized housing Housing)
per city/municipality LGUs yearly • Provide financial • Facilitate the formulation and • PPDO
• No identified sites for • 11 municipalities/ assistance to LGUs for updating of City/Municipal
housing facilities in the city have created implementation of DRR/CCA-Enhanced Local
municipalities per R.A Local Housing and housing projects in their Shelter Plans (LSPs)
7279 otherwise known Poverty Reduction respective localities • Inclusion of DHSUD as member • NHA
as Urban Housing and Units • Strengthen partnership in the Provincial Development
Development Act among and between the Council – Sectoral Committees
• No fund LGUs and the • Resettlement Assistance
allocation/budget to Department of Human Program to Local Government • PDRRMO
acquire land for Settlements and Urban Units (RAP-LGU)
socialized housing Development (DHSUD) – • Relocation / Resettlement
which includes NHA, Program for Vulnerable
HUDCC, HLURB Settlements (informal
settlements and settlements in
hazard-prone areas)
Sub-sector 6: Housing
Issues and Programs, Projects, and Lead Agency/
Concerns Activities (PPAs) Department
Inadequate • To provide • One low cost • Implement low-cost housing • Creation of Human • PGO
2 affordable/ affordable, housing project projects for qualified low- Settlements and Urban
socialized housing housing units each for the income families and Development Offices in
units to qualified municipalities government employees every LGU
• High costs of lots and low- • Provision of Low- • Strengthen partnerships (Environmental, Land • PGO
for housing income cost Model /networking with the DHSUD- Use, Urban Planning and • NHA
• High processing families / Housing that are NHA, NGOs, local Development, Real
fees collected by beneficiaries decent and developers and other NGAs Estate Development and
developers of resilient yet involved in housing program Regulation, and Human
housing projects affordable to low- for the construction of mass Settlements/ Housing)
income families to housing project in the area • Socialized Housing
all municipalities • Regulate the high processing Program

and cities within fees collected by developers • Resettlement Assistance
the region through coordinating with the Program to Local
DHSUD-HLURB Government Units (RAP-
• Seek financial and technical LGU)
assistance from appropriate
housing agencies with the
involvement of private
developers
• Develop linkages with other
sectors (NGOs, etc) for the
sustainability of housing
programs
Proliferation of illegal To arrest the 100% of illegal/ • Establish strong coordination • Creation of Human • PGO
3 subdivision (through proliferation of informal subdivisions among agencies involved in Settlements and Urban
sub-lots of 9) and illegal made to comply with subdivision of land Development Offices in
sub-standard housing subdivisions the standards • Strengthen approval process every LGU
facilities particularly at of land subdivision (Environmental, Land • C/MLGUs-
the peri-urban • Implement strict compliance Use, Urban Planning and (C/MPDOs )
areas of requirements prior to Development, Real
issuance of building permits Estate Development and
Regulation, and Human
Settlements/ Housing)

• Conduct inventory of
illegal subdivisions with
sub-standard housing
| 5-56
units
Proliferation of To arrest the 100% of • Develop a survey mechanism • Monitoring System (CBMS) • PDRRMO
4 illegal and proliferation of illegal and and data banking system Program • PPDO
professional illegal and professional among P/C/MLGUs • Comprehensive Provincial
squatters professional squatters in • Establish a comprehensive Survey and Data Banking on 2020-2028 Provincewide
squatters 11 component survey of illegal and Settlement Areas (formal and
LGUs professional squatters informal)
surveyed and /informal settlers
Mushrooming of To relocate and 100% of • Establish Local Housing and • Creation of Human • PPDO
5 informal settlers control RROW issues Poverty Reduction Settlements and Urban
along Road-Right- presence of resolved Office/Units to take the lead in Development Offices in
of Way (RROW), informal settlers housing and poverty reduction every LGU (Environmental,
urban centers, living in urban projects, its assessment, Land Use, Urban Planning
• PGO
government sites, centers and identification and purchase of and Development, Real
and danger zones along suitable lots for socialized Estate Development and
government housing Regulation, and Human • PGO
sites, • Establish / Strengthen Local Settlements/ Housing)
dangerzones, Housing Program • Housing program for

and road right of • Strengthen financial support Indigenous People (Support • NHA
ways to LGUs counterpart to NHA) 2020-2028 Provincewide
• Formulation and Enactment of
Provincial Housing and • PDRRMO
Resettlement Code
• Resettlement Assistance
Program for Local
Government Units (RAP-LGU)
• Relocation / Resettlement
Program for Vulnerable
Settlements (informal
settlements and settlements
in hazard-prone areas)
Weak Enforcement • To strictly enforce/ • 100% of buildings • Strict enforcement and • Creation of Human Settlements • PPDO
of Zoning implement Zoning have passed the implementation of Zoning and Urban Development Offices in
6 Ordinances (ZO) Regulation/Ordinan standards and code Ordinances and Anti-squatting every LGU (Environmental, Land
and Building Code ces • 100% of LGUs (10 Law in every LGUs Use, Urban Planning and
• Non-compliance of • To strictly • Strictly implement
municipalities/1 city) Development, Real Estate
issued Certificate implement are strictly Comprehensive Land Use Plan Development and Regulation, and
of Land Titles for compliance of implementing zoning
• Implement proper guidelines in Human Settlements/ Housing)
home lots with the issued Certificate ordinances/ the issuance of building permits • Creation of Inter-Agency Provincial
existing zoning of Land Titles for regulations and anti-
• Strictly incorporate applicable Settlements, Land Use and Zoning
ordinances home lots with the squatting law provisions of NBCP and other Implementation of Monitoring
• Weak Monitoring existing zoning • 100% observance local regulations and local Committee through an Executive Province-
2020-2028
and Enforcement ordinances and incorporation ofordinances to housing designs Order wide
Sections under the • To strengthen all applicable laws,
• Mandatorily establish Housing • Operationalization of Inter-agency
Zoning or Planning enforcement and standards, codes and Offices in LGUs Provincial Settlements, Land Use
Offices and implementation of regulations to the • Strict Implementation of Housing and Zoning Implementation and
Engineering of Building Standards proposed house Projects as per approved plans Monitoring Committee
LGUs and Codes designs. and standard specifications - Conduct of Regular Monitoring and
• Building code and • -Enforce strict compliance to Inspection of Buildings and
standards are not conditions provided in the Structures
properly enforced/ building permit • Conduct of Monitoring and Project
implemented Inspection and Assessment based
on Standards
Few properties are To increase number 100% increase of the • Establish public-private • Creation of Human Settlements • P/C/MPDO
insured of properties with properties enrolled in partnership on risk transfer and Urban Development Offices in
7 insurance insurance companies • Mandatorily establish a risk every LGU (Environmental, Land
transfer mechanism in all Use, Urban Planning and
buildings / establishments Development, Real Estate
• Conduct IEC on the significance Development and Regulation, and
of risk transfer for properties Human Settlements/ Housing)
• Lobby for the prioritization of • Settlements Risk Transfer
programs for the allocation of Program (property insurance to Province-
2020-2028
funds for risk transfer properties, and in danger zones/ wide
high risk to hazards)
- Promotion of risk transfer/ property

insurance to properties in high risk
to hazards or danger zones
• Conduct of massive IEC on the
| 5-58
importance of enrollment in
insurance companies for individuals
and their properties
Table 5.3.7 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Protective Services Sub-sector
Goal: Safe, orderly, gender-sensitive, drug-free andpeaceful environment for communities in the province
Lead
Department
1 High •To reduce •30% • Strengthen Anti-Criminality Plans/ • Peace and Order Program • PGO and
incidence of incidence of reduction Peace and Order and Public Safety -Conduct crime mapping PNP-South
crimes crimes in the Plan (POPSP) of all LGUs -Profiling of different crime modus Cotabato
•To negate/pre- number of • Strengthen Local Peace and Order operandi
crimes -Conduct and Utilization of Crime
empt the Council
Clock Analysis
occurrence of • Strengthen Barangay Intelligence -Construction of police post/box in
crimes Networks (BINs) composed of identified strategic areas
•To ensure civilians in every barangay -Conduct of Seminars and
maximum police • Maximize mobile patrol and police Activities for Barangay
presence in visibility especially in crime prone Intelligence Network(BIN) and
strategic areas areas BPATs
of the province -Conduct Community Oriented
Policing
-Operation of Police Hotline 24/7
-Conduct of Symposium on Safety

Tips with Police Hotline
-Conduct of OplanYawyaw
2 High • To reduce • 80% • Strengthen coordinationof LGUs • Implement Road Speed Limit • C/MLGUs
incidence of incidence of reduction in (Traffic Section)and partner Policy
vehicular vehicular and the agencies in implementing traffic • Road Safety Program • PNP-Traffic
accidents traffic accidents occurrence management projects and Road • Provision of traffic signage, and
of vehicular Safety Tips Orientation pavement markings and early Highway
and traffic • Strict implementation of traffic rules warning devices (in all areas Patrol
accidents and regulations prone to vehicular accidents in 2020-2028 Provincewide Group
coordination with the LGUs) • PNP-Traffic
and
Highway
Patrol
Group
Sub-sector 7: Protective Services
Issues and Programs, Projects, Lead Agency/
Concerns and Activities (PPAs) Department
3 Presence of • To • 100% of • Strengthen National Task Force- • Peace and Order • PGO and
Threat negate/pre- threat Ending Local Community Armed Program PNP-South
Groups/ empt enemy groups’ Community (NTF-ELCAC) Cotabato
Negative movement movement • Intensify pro-active police operations • Convergence • PPDO
Forces in the • To pre-empt/ monitored against threat groups Program
province: negate • Intensify programs in counteracting • Support the Creation • PNP /
CPP-NPA- bombing terrorism activities of R/P/C/MTF-ELCAC PC/MLGUs
NDF,CNT, incidents 2020-2028 Provincewide
• Enhance police community relations • Anti-terrorism
BIFF, MILF and • To ensure • Strengthen LGU participation against Campaign Program
AKP prompt terrorism
response on • Mobilization of Barangay Intelligence
reported Network (BIN)

bomb • Strengthen combat and operational
threats strategies for anti-terrorism measures
4 Weak • To hasten and •1 fire truck • Strengthen coordination and partnership • Peace and Order and • PGO
response improve with aerial between BFP, LGUs and private Public Safety
capacities firefighting ladder per sectorsfor assistance Program
during huge capacities municipality • Strengthen local firefighting logistics - Acquisition of Lot and
fire during huge •75% increase • Strengthen fire human resource Construction of
incidences fire incidence in the number • Establishment of Provincial Fire Office in Provincial Fire Office
• Inadequate for quick of fire trucks Koronadal City / Response Hub for • Fire Safety Program • PDRRMO-
number of emergency and South Cotabato PDRRMC
firefighting response emergency • Fire Fighting • BFP South
personnel/ • To attain vehicles by Program 2020-2028 Provincewide Cotabato
firemen, standard 2028 - Recruit, hiring and
fire trucks, fireman to •Attain 1:2,002 training additional
ambulance population fireman to firemen
and other ratio population -Establishment of Base
logistics • To establish a ratio Special Rescue Unit for
South Cotabato
• Absence of provincial fire •Establish one
Provincial station (1) provincial
BFP fire station by
Station 2020

| 5-60
Issues and Objectives Strategies/Policy Programs, Projects, Lead Agency/
No. Targets Timeframe Location
Concerns Actions and Activities (PPAs) Department
5 Operating • To ensure full • 100% of buildings and • Strengthenadoption of • Fire Fighting Program • BFP South
business compliance to establishments are certain provisions in the -Conduct of Firesafety Cotabato
establishments fire safety compliant to the fire Fire Code for Standards Symposium
w/o Fire Safety safety requirements enforcement and IEC on the Fire
requirements Code of the Philippines 2020-2028 Provincewide
Inspection • Strengthen
Certificate (FSIC) among business
coordination and
establishments partnership with LGUs
on Fire Laws/Code
6 Jail congestion • To decongest jail • 80% decrease on • Establish and upgrade • Jail Upgrading and • PGO-SCRDC
cells to improve congestion rate by jail infrastructure Management
the space and 2028 • Expand and maximize Progression (JUMP) Brgy. GPS,
living condition of space along the SCRDC Program 2020-2028 Koronadal

inmates compound • Construct of additional City
building (inmates cell)
7 Increase in • To improve the • 100% of inmates • Strengthen medical • Jail Upgrading and • PGO-SCRDC
number of health condition of provided with the services among inmates Management

inmates needing inmates needed medical • Establish partnership Progression (JUMP)
medical intervention and with Program Brgy. GPS,
intervention and services -Construction of 2020-2028 Koronadal
services Infirmary Building City
-Regular Doctors
Visitation
-Additional Budget for
Drugs and Medicine
8 Insufficient • To increase the • 100% of needed • Strengthen firepower/ • Jail Upgrading and • PGO-SCRDC
logistical firepower capacity strength of fire firearms capacity and Management
capacity of jail of SCRDC power/firearms logistical support Progression (JUMP)
management • To ensure the capacity of SCRDC Program
• Lack of firepower safety and fast provided -Purchase additional
capacity
Brgy. GPS,
travel of inmates to • 100% of inmates fire power firearms,
• Lack of 2020-2028 Koronadal
court hearings, scheduled for court ammunition and vest
Prisoners’ Van City
medical treatment hearings and other -Procurement of
• Non-provision of and other legal court directed additional prisoners
hazard pay to jail purposes movement of inmates van
personnel
addressed/transported
safely and on time
Lead
Department
9 Proliferation of To eradicate 90% reduction on • Strengthen advocacies on • Peace and Order • PGO
illegal drug use use of illegal drug related cases negative impacts of illegal Program • DEP-ED
drugs drug use to all South • Local Anti-Drug Abuse
Cotabateños at all ages Prevention and • PNP
• Strengthen local councils, Management and
committees handling issues Recovery Program • PNP
on illegal drug -Systematic Training for
• PSWDO
abuse(PADAC,PPOC,PCPC) Effective Parenting
• DILG
(STEP)
• PGO-
-Drug Abuse Resistance

Education (DARE) SRDC
-BarkadaKontraDroga • IPHO
-Moral Recovery Program
- Provincial Drug Summit • IPHO
- Inmates AyawsaDroga
- Community Based • PDEA
Rehabilitation Program • SP
(CBRP) • Parole and
- Family Drug Abuse Probation
Prevention Program Office
-Conduct of drug
operations
-Yes to Sports No to
Drugs Program
• -Therapeutic Community
Ladderized Program

| 5-62
Table 5.3.8 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Culture and Arts Development Sub-sector
Goal: Well-preserved culture and arts harmonizing with emerging technology and changing society
Lead
Activities (PPAs)
Department
1 Gradual loss of local • To preserve • 100% of • Lobby to the executive • Formulation of South Cotabato • SP-
culture (customs, cultural integrity cultural data and legislative branch of Culture and Arts Code Committee
traditions, and diversity documented government requesting • Culture and Arts Development on Culture
beliefs)especially • To strengthen the • 100% of the national government Program and Arts
Filipino culture implementation of cultural through the Office of the - Cultural Mapping Project • PGO-
represented by the IPRA Law heritage and President, House of - Conduct regular Local Culture ACTM
three ethno-linguistic (Chapter VI other cultural Representatives-2nd and Arts Council quarterly
meeting
groups/tribes in the Sec.29) assets District, and National

province (Tboli, - Formulation of Local Culture and
• To protect preserved Commission for Culture
Arts Plan
Maguindanaon and indigenous and the Arts for the
• Conservation and
Christian) culture, traditions creation of the
Preservation of Cultural
• Limited /incomplete and institutions Department of Culture
Heritage Program
documentation of • To document and and its Regional Offices

- Cultural Mapping Project
cultural data (heritage create databank • Strengthen P/C/MLGU - Production of documentary
sites, traditions, of cultural and support towards culture film on local heritage sites Provincew
2020-2028
customs, beliefs) traditional and arts development and assets (tnalak/tabih ide
• Weak implementation practices • Establish/strengthen local weaving and brass casting,
of IPRA Law culture and arts council culture, etc.)
• Absence/ Non- • Establish cultural data • Construction of Museum
functional Local base and Research Center
Culture and Arts • Establish /strengthen Building (including land
Council public-private partnership acquisition)
• Lack of technical on culture and arts • Public Library and Reading
assistance/support to development Center
LGUs’ culture and
arts plantilla
employees from the
National Commission
for Culture and the
Arts (NCCA)
Sub-sector 8: Culture and Arts Development
Lead
Issues and Programs, Projects, and Activities
Concerns (PPAs)
Department
2 Unmaximized To • 100% of local • Lobby to the executive and legislative • Culture and Arts Development • PGO-ACTM
potentials of recognize cultural branch of government to request the Program
the creative and practitioners national government through the Office - South Cotabato Creative Industry
industry document in the creative of the President, House of Database
all local industry are Representatives-2nd District, and - Cultural Mapping Project
practitioners documented National Commission for Culture and - Conduct Culture and Arts Summit
in the the Arts for the professionalism of the - Acquisition of technical certificate
creative creative industry from TESDA for skills assessment in
Province-
industry • Create a program for the the creative industry 2020-2028
- Formulation of Local Culture and Arts
wide
• Establish cultural data base
Plan
• Strengthen P/C/MLGU support towards
culture and arts development • Demographic Mapping Program
• Formulation of South Cotabato • PGO-ACTM
• Establish / strengthen local culture and
Culture and Arts Code • SP-
arts council Committee
• Establishment of Amphitheater (with
training exhibit and electronic on Culture
and Arts
recording studio
3 Cultural • To • 100% of • Establish mechanism that controls • Culture and Arts Development • PGO-
assimilation preserve culture of immigration or too much cultural Program ACTM
- existing ethnic diversity for prevention of cultural - Formulation of Local Culture and Arts
Commodificati indigenou minority assimilation and commodification Plan
on of s culture groups in the • Formulation of South Cotabato
culture in the province Culture and Arts Code • SP-
province preserved • Demographic Mapping Program Committee
to prevent on Culture
the and Arts
sacrificing Province- • PGO-
2020-2028
its own wide ACTM
culture to
integrate
into
society
• To
impede

commodifi
cation of
culture
| 5-64
Table 5.3.9 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Sports Development Sub-sector
Goal: Highly-skilled and well-trained athletes recognized locally and globally
Lead
Issues and Strategies/Policy Programs, Projects, and Activities
No. Objectives Targets Timeframe Location Agency/
Concerns Actions (PPAs)
Department
1 Less •To increase •10% annual increase •Institutionalization • Sports Development Program
competitivenes participation and on athletes of the Provincial -Creation of Sports Council
s and low -Conduct of Competency Trainings of
competitiveness participating in Sports Council Coaches
participation in
in national and national competitions Ordinance -Conduct of Competitions
sports events
international -Provision of Incentive Reward to Athletes
at the
sports events and Coaches
international -Construction/ improvement of athletic
and national Province-
grandstand,oval, and playing area
levels -Conduct Sports Camp/ Youth Summit
wide (Tupi
-Advancement of sports facilities and 2020-2028 Central PGO-SYDP

equipment/ supplies School,
• Insufficient
• Revisit/Update Provincial Ordinance on the Poblacion)
financial
support to Creation of Sports Council
sports events • Formulation of Local Sports Development
at the Plan

international • Creation of Local Association for
and national Professional Referees (for all sports
levels events)
Chapter 5.4
TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Infrastructure is the backbone for the

physical integration of settlements in the The performance of the province’s
province as well as to other areas in the economy is determined by how well the
country. infrastructure facilities and utilities are
developed and programmed such that
The technical infrastructure development
these facilitate efficient and convenient
plan lays down the different goals and issues
access and reduce disparity in the
with corresponding measures to be
distribution of goods and services
undertaken in order to achieve the desired
among urban and rural centers.
state of the province’s technical
infrastructures: transport, flood control and
drainage, water supply, energy and
telecommunications. It also includes initiatives that supports sustainable development and help
protect communities from impacts of disasters and climate change.
5.4.1 DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND PROBLEMS
5.4.1.1 Transportation, Access and Circulation
The transportation system in the province needs to be improved in order to become increasingly
competitive. South Cotabato needs an integrated and effective transport system that will connect all
other facilities and provide linkage to areas of strategic importance. The province, through its own
resources as well as support from DPWH, has constructed and improved roads along potential
economic corridors, roads that connect growth centers, and access roads to tourism sites.
The following are the major issues and problems in the transportation, access and circulation
sub-sector:
• Insufficient road safety signages, guard rails/blocks and road markings

• High percentage of unpaved provincial, city/municipal & barangay roads and deterioration of
existing road infrastructures
• Poor and inadequate access roads leading to remote barangays and sitios
• Weak integration of public transportation
• Inefficient public mass transportation system
• Encroachment of Road-Right-of-Way (RROW)
• Traffic congestion in urban centers
5.4.1.2 Flood Control and Drainage
Flooding has caused disruptions to socio-economic development city/ municipalities in the

Province of South Cotabato, including major urban centers like the City of Koronadal. In order to
ensure the speedy development of the province, this concern must be addressed through appropriate
flood control and drainage facilities and other mechanisms.
The following are the major issues and problems in the flood control and drainage sub-sector:
• Flooding of urban areas
• Inadequate slope protection and stabilization measures along roads and riverbanks
• Scouring of river banks and damage to flood control structures due to heavy siltation and strong
floodwater
• Soil erosion due to degradation of riparian zones
• Inadequate roadside drainage and lined canals
5.4.1.3 Water Supply and Sanitation
Water is not only a basic need for individuals and households, but also an important resource
for socio-economic processes and activities. Meeting the needs of production centers for water
supply, sewerage, sanitation, irrigation and flood management is a challenge. However, the greatest
challenge is balancing equity and efficiency in the management of water resources to ensure
adequate, safe, affordable and sustainable water for all.
The following are the major issues and problems in the water sub-sector:
• Limited sources of potable water supply especially in upland barangays

• Poor quality of piped water supply
• Slow expansion of waterworks services
• Deterioration of groundwater quality and supply
• Poor water sanitation and sewerage/ septage management
• Poor awareness on water conservation and sanitation
5.4.1.4 Power Supply
Growing urbanization puts an increasing demand for power. In South Cotabato, although there
are no projections for power shortage in the near future, power interruptions and increasing
generation cost are some of the challenges facing the power sub-sector. Likewise, all barangays
have access to power supply but many households are still off-grid.
The following are the major issues and problems in the power sub-sector:
• High percentage of households unserved by electricity

• Poor power quality (i.e. low voltage)
• Frequent unscheduled power interruptions
• Increasing power cost
• High dependence on unsustainable power supply
5.4.1.5 Information and Communications Technology (ICT)
To meet the increasing demands for a fast, reliable and convenient exchange of information,
digital integration of the province must be improved; provision of cell sites in areas with poor or no
signal must be pursued; and, more ICT companies should be invited to provide services in the

province. Better and wider ICT services are especially crucial during the post-pandemic or new
normal phase of development.
The following are the major issues and problems in the ICT sub-sector:
• Limited coverage of cellular mobile telephone services (CMTS) and broadband coverage
especially in the rural areas
• Limited/slow implementation of public broadband services (i.e. free public Wi-Fi and Tech4Ed)
5.4.2 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, TARGETS, STRATEGIES AND PPAS
The succeeding tables show the corresponding goals, objectives and targets to address the
identified major issues and challenges of the Technical Infrastructure Sector. Corresponding
strategies and PPAs have also been identified for every objective/target.
The map showing the major proposed technical infrastructure projects are presented in Map
5.4.1 of this chapter.

Table 5.4.1 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Transportation, Access and Circulation Sub-sector Sub
Goal: Increased physical integration of settlements with efficient and sustainable transport system
Strategies/
No Objectives Targets Policy Timeframe Location
Actions
1 Insufficient road To ensure • At least 70% of Provide road Installation of traffic safety and street
safety signages, adequacy of road accident/hazard prone safety fixtures along Koronadal-Gensan Road,
guard rails/blocks safety signages, areas in major signages, Koronadal-Tantangan Road and Province- PEO, DPWH
2020-2028
and road guard rails/blocks thoroughfares provided with guard Koronadal-Surallah-Isulan Road wide & C/MLGU
markings and road adequate road safety rails/blocks
markings in signages, guard rails/blocks and road
accordance to and road markings in markings in
road safety accordance to road safety accordance to Road Safety Program

standards standards by 2028 road safety - Conduct IEC on Road Safety
PEO, DPWH,
especially along standards Province-
• 90% of major access roads 2020-2028 DepEd &
accident/hazard wide
engaged with road safety C/MLGU
prone areas in

major program by 2028
thoroughfares
2 High percentage To increase At least 70% (485.94 km) of Prioritize Repair and Maintenance of Provincial Province-
of unpaved percentage of provincial roads are paved by upgrading and 2020-2028 PEO
Roads and Bridges wide
provincial, paved provincial, 2028 maintenance
Province- PEO, C/MLGU
city/municipal & city/municipal & of road Asphalt Overlay/Sealing Projects 2020-2028
wide & DPWH
barangay roads barangay roads 80% (555.36 km) existing infrastructures
Conduct of inventory/ geotagging survey Province- PEO, C/MLGU
and deterioration and existing road provincial road infrastructures 2020-2028
of road conditions wide & DPWH
of existing road infrastructures in are in good condition by 2028 Intensify
infrastructures good condition outsourcing or Province- PEO, C/MLGU
Upgrading of Roads 2020-2028
coordination of wide & DPWH
• Insufficient
funds for financing from Province-
Construction of Bridges 2020-2028 PEO & DPWH
upgrading and local and wide
maintenance foreign Provincial Counterpart to Conditional
Province-
• Insufficient data agencies Matching Grant for Provinces (CMGP) 2020-2028 PEO
wide
Projects
on status of road
conditions Upgrading of Roads through Conditional
Matching Grant for Provinces (CMGP), PEO, DILG,
Province-
ROLL-IT Convergence Program, TRIPPC 2020-2028 DTI, DOT &
wide
Convergence Program and Other DPWH
Convergence Programs
Sub-sector: TRANSPORTATION, ACCESS AND CIRCULATION
Issues and Strategies/ Programs, Projects, Lead Agency/
No Objectives Targets Timeframe Location
Concerns Policy Actions and Activities (PPAs) Department
3 Poor and To improve and At least 1 major road Aggressively outsource
Upgrading of Roads
inadequate access provide adequate connecting remote funds for road development
Leading to PEO,
roads leading to access roads barangays and sitios to 2020-2028
Geographically Isolated Province-wide C/MLGUs &
remote barangays leading to remote urban centers is opened/
and Disadvantaged DPWH
and sitios barangays and upgraded every year
Areas (GIDAs)
sitios starting 2020
4 Weak integration of To improve 1 integrated public transport Establishment of integrated
Tboli, Banga,
public integration of public terminal per public transport terminals in
Construction of Tupi, Lake MLGU/
transportation transportation city/municipality by 2028 every city/municipality
Integrated Public 2020-2028 Sebu, DPWH/
• Insufficient
Transport Terminals Tampakan Congressional

integrated public
and Norala
transport terminals
5 Inefficient public To improve public 100% public mass transport Advocate operation of Formulation of
PEO, PPDO &
mass transportation mass transportation systems operational by public mass transport Provincial Public 2021 Province-wide
LPTRP Team
system system 2028 system in the province

Transport Route Plan
Transport
Establishment and
Groups,
Operationalization of
2022-2028 Province-wide PLGU,
Public Mass Transport
C/MLGU,
(Public Utility Vehicles)
LFTRB, LTO
6 Encroachment of To ensure cleaning 90% (624.78km) of Delineate RROW of Operation of Road- PEO,
Road-Right-of Way of RROW from all provincial roads have provincial roads Right-of-Way Clearing 2020-2028 Province-wide C/MLGU &
(RROW) forms of claims and delineated RROW and free Program DPWH
• Presence of encroachment from all forms of claims and Reimpose SP resolution
informal settlers encroachment by 2028 requiring compliance to a 5-
• RROW of local meter setback along Conduct of Inventory of
roads not properly provincial roads as a roads with RROW 2020-2028 Province-wide PEO
delineated requirement for the issues
issuance of building/
construction permits
Sub-sector: TRANSPORTATION, ACCESS AND CIRCULATION
Issues and Strategies/ Programs, Projects, and Lead Agency/
No Objectives Targets Timeframe Location
Concerns Policy Actions Activities (PPAs) Department
7 Traffic congestion in To reduce 50% reduction in the Prepare and implement an Formulation of Traffic and
Province-
urban centers traffic number of traffic effective and efficient traffic and Transport Management Plan 2020-2028 C/MLGUs
wide
• Roadside parking congestion congestion points in transport management plan and per LGU
or parking within in urban the province by 2028 systems
Installation of traffic lights in
the road right of centers Province- PEO, C/MLGU &
every heavy traffic congested
way Volume-to-capacity Reduce volume of public utility 2020-2028 wide DPWH
areas
• Insufficient ratio of major vehicles by adopting/promoting
designated thoroughfares higher passenger capacity
loading/unloading maintained to at least transport system
bay 75% of its maximum

• Poor traffic capacity starting 2022 Increase road capacity
management and Widening of roads Province- PEO, C/MLGU &
route planning Develop of strategic by-pass 2020-2028
wide DPWH
• Unregulated and diversion roads
operation of
tricycles along Strictly implement setback of
national highways public/private structures from its
• On-going road property lines
widening projects
Pass an ordinance on no-
parking along national highway
and/or areas with high traffic
volume
Strictly implement parking Construction of PEO, C/MLGU &

requirement to all public and Province-
Bypass/Diversion Roads DPWH
private establishments 2020-2028 wide
Strictly implement loading and

no-loading zones

Pass an ordinance banning the
presence of illegal structures
| 5-80
along RROWs
Table 5.4.2 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Flood Control and Drainage Sub-Sector
Goal: Adequate, effective, cost-efficient, sustainable, disaster-resilient and climate-adaptive drainage and flood control designs, structures and systems

No Issues and Concerns Objectives Targets Timeframe Location
Flooding of urban areas To reduce flooding 50% of flooding Provide and maintain 2020-2028 PLGU/C/MLG
Construction of drainage
1 • Poor and inadequate or urban areas incidents reduced by arterial surface drainage Province-wide U/
canals
drainage systems 2028 system that is managed DPWH
• Heavy siltation of to achieve sustainable
Desiltation of clogged PLGU/C/MLG
drainage canals At least 2kilometers standards of food 2020-2028
drainage canals and Province-wide U/
• Clogging of drainage of drainage canals protection
waterways DPWH
canals due to improper constructed every
waste disposal year Construct drainage Formulation of

structures based on Provincial Drainage 2023-2024 Province-wide PLGU
1 Provincial actual field condition Master Plan
Drainage Master and all its drainage be
Plan formulated by connected to major river
Assistance in the

2028 systems
Formulation of PLGU/C/MLG
1 Drainage Master City/Municipal Drainage U
Plan per LGU Master Plan
formulated by 2028
2 Inadequate slope To provide At least 2 kilometers Adopt appropriate
protection and adequate, of slope protection engineering design
stabilization measures appropriate, and stabilization standards of slope
Construction of
along roads and sustainable and measures along protection along roads
sustainable and
riverbanks disaster-resilient roads and riverbanks and riverbanks PEO/PDRRM
disaster-resilient 2020-2028 Province-wide
slope protection constructed every O, C/MLGU &
slope/riverbank
and flood control year DPWH
protection and flood
structures along
control structures
roads and
riverbanks
Sub-sector: FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE
No Objectives Targets Strategies/Policy Actions Timeframe Location
3 Scouring of river To minimize At least 1 kilometer Conduct regular desiltation Desiltation of Clogged
banks and damage scouring of river of flood control of soil materials once every Province- PEO/PDRRMO,
Waterways and Flood Control 2020-2028
to flood control banks and structure year within 1 kilometer wide C/MLGU & DPWH
Structures
structures due to damage to flood constructed/ distance from public
heavy siltation and control repaired/rehabilitate structures
Construction of disaster-resilient Province- PEO/PDRRMO,
strong floodwater structures d every year 2020-2028
flood control structures wide C/MLGU & DPWH
4 Soil erosion due to To minimize soil At least 2 kilometers Adopt erosion protection
degradation of erosion and of riparian zones alternatives such as
Construction of Erosion Control Province-
riparian zones degradation of rehabilitated every bamboo staking, coconet 2020-2028 PEO/PDRRMO,
Structures Using Indigenous wide
riparian zones year and introduction of vertiber C/MLGU & DPWH
Materials
grass protection and other
indigenous materials
5 Inadequate roadside To ensure Atleast 50% of Increase budget allocation Construction of Drainage Province- PEO, C/MLGUs &
drainage and lined provision of roads have for drainage/lined canals 2020-2028
Structures and Lined Canals wide DPWH
canals adequate adequate drainage construction/repair/
roadside systems and lined rehabilitation Conduct of
drainage and canals Inventory/Geotagging of Province-
2020-2028 PEO & C/MLGUs
lined canals Drainage Systems and Lined wide
Canals
Table 5.4.3 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Water Supply and Sanitation Sub-sector
Goal: Equitable access to safe, affordable, adequate and sustainable water supply and sanitation
Strategies/Policy Programs, Projects, and Lead Agency/
Actions Activities (PPAs) Department
1 Inadequate supply of To ensure 100% of households Expand local Water Supply Expansion Projects
Province
potable water supply adequate supply of have access to safe waterworks service as Separate System – Level III 2020 - 2028 Local Water Districts
wide
especially in upland potable water in and potable water areas (one (1) water system per WD)
barangays and GIDAs upland barangays supply by 2028 Rural Water Supply and Province-

and GIDAs/ELCAC Identify possible Sanitation Program (Installation wide (focus
PEO, PGO, DPWH
areas sources of potable of Level II Water Systems of 2020 - 2028 on 63
& C/MLGUs
water Ram Pump Development ELCAC
| 5-82
Projects Areas)
Sub-sector: WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
Programs, Projects, Lead Agency/
No Issues and Concerns Objectives Targets Strategies/Policy Actions Timeframe Location
and Activities (PPAs) Department
2 Poor quality of To improve 90% of Level III water Ensure that quality of
piped/Level III water quality of piped supply pipes well- pipelines is within the
supply water supply in maintained and good prescribed standards.
• Deterioration of the urban quality by 2028
existing facilities areas and Coordinate with local water
• Damage of pipelines prevent water districts to ensure
due to borne diseases maintenance of water pipes
implementation of
various projects (i.e. Coordinate with concerned
Repair/Replacement/ Local Water
road widening, agencies implementing Province-
Upgrading of Damaged 2020 - 2028 Districts /

canals, electrical various projects (i.e. road wide
Pipelines C/MLGUs
posts, etc.) widening, canals, electrical
posts, etc.) to avoid damaged
pipelines during project
implementation

Constant inter-agency
coordination and planning
between concerned agencies,
including power companies
3 Slow expansion of To hasten 60% of households served Request creation of National Water Supply Tantangan,
waterworks services expansion of by Level III water supply by Water Regulation Board Expansion Projects Tampakan, C/MLGU & Local
2020 – 2028
• Water permit waterworks 2028 (NWRB) regional or satellite (Level III) - one (1) Lake Sebu Water Districts
concerns on National services office within Region 12 water district per LGU & Tboli
Water Resources At least one (1) regional or
Board (NWRB) satellite office of National Require development Establishment of
Koronadal
deepwell capacity Water Regulation Board planning office for the survey NWRB Satellite Office 2020 – 2028 NWRB
City
restrictions (NWRB) established within map with technical in Koronadal City
• Road-right-of-way Region 12 by year 2022 descriptions.
issues
Documents available upon Coordinate with concerned Lobby for the
• Restrictions on lot Local Water
request. On or before agencies on RROW decentralization of
purchase Province- Districts &
twenty (20) days period as NWRB functions/ 2020-2022
wide Congressional
per Executive Order No. 2 Fast-track the procedure responsibilities to

Offices
s. 2016. relative to lot purchase of LGUs
RROW
4 Deterioration of To improve Zero water Regulate use of Conduct of Regular Local Water Districts,
2020 - 2028 Province-wide
groundwater quality and groundwater contamination pesticides in Water Quality Monitoring PEMO & IPHO
supply quality and incidence by year plantations and rice Submission of regular
• Water contamination supply 2028 fields. monthly water quality 2020 - 2028 Province-wide Local Water Districts
by pesticides in monitoring report
plantations and rice 100% of local water Coordinate with Mt. Matutum
fields districts has a concerned agencies Protected Landscape
• Degradation of designated adopt-a- with expertise in the Full Implementation of
2021 – (MMPL) – Polomolok; Local Water Districts,
watershed area regulation for the use Adopt-A-Watershed Area
watershed areas 2028 Allah Valley DENR & PEMO
per Water District
• No delineated of pesticides in Protected Landscape

permanent adopt-a- plantations and rice (AVPL)
watershed area for fields
Water Districts from Establishment of
DENR Identify and delineate Accredited Complete
• Lack of accredited watershed areas for Water Testing 2021-2025 Koronadal City IPHO/DOST
complete water testing reforestation and Laboratory in the
laboratory in the protection of water Province
province districts
5 Poor water sanitation To improve 100% of the Formulate Formulation of
and sewerage/ septage water municipalities has Wastewater and Wastewater and Septage
2022-2028 Province-wide C/MLGU / WD
management sanitation and Wastewater and Septage Management Plan per
• Lack of local water hygiene Septage Management Plan LGU
and sanitation practices and Management Plan
ordinance management by year 2028 Establish centralized
• Lack of Wastewater both at the (Clustering System) wastewater treatment Construction of
and Septage household facility and septage Centralized Wastewater
Management Plan and One (1) centralized treatment plant Treatment Facility and
2023 –
• Lack of wastewater community wastewater Septage Treatment Plant Province-wide C/MLGU
2028
and sanitation level treatment facility for Major Public Facilities
infrastructures (i.e. and septage (e.g. Public Markets,

wastewater treatment treatment plant Slaughterhouse, etc.)
facility and septage established by 2028
| 5-84
treatment plant)
Strategies/ Programs, Projects, and Lead Agency/
Policy Actions Activities (PPAs) Department
6 Poor awareness on To improve At least 90% of the Strengthen Conduct of Massive
water conservation awareness on households practice Information, Information, Education and
water water conservation by Education and Communication (IEC) IPHO, C/MLGU &
conservation 2028 Communictaion (IEC) 2020 – 2028 Province-wide
Campaign on water Local water Districts
practices and Campaign on water conservation practices and
management conservation management
practices and
Enactment of Rainwater
management 2021-2022 Province-wide PLGU & C/MLGU
Collection System Ordinance
Table 5.4.4 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Power Supply Sub-sector
Goal: Access to reliable, affordable, efficient, ecologically-sustainable and climate change-adaptive energy services

High percentage of households unserved by To reduce At least 80% of Intensify sitio Rural Electrification Province-
1 electricity percentage of households are electrification program/ Program 2020-2028 PGO
wide
• No established road or road to potential areas households served by electricity barangay electrification
not passable unserved by program and national
• Scattered/spread potential household electricity 100% energization of intensified household
• Informal settlers are not qualified to be puroks and sitios electrification program
energized in partnership with NEA
• Unwillingness and low capacity of potential and DOE
consumers to pay for documents, permits and Sitio Electrification Province- SOCOTECO I
2020-2028
fees, house wiring installation cost and Program (SEP) wide & II
monthly power consumption
• Right of way problems on the route of line
expansions
• Oppositions on the implementation of power
related projects
2 Poor power quality (i.e. low voltage) To improve Maintain at least 10% Coordinate with local Establishment of 2020-2028 Province- SOCOTECO I
quality of power of nominal voltage to power cooperatives for Additional Power Sub- wide & II
supply attain power quality the improvement of Stations in Key Areas
nominal voltage
3 Frequent unscheduled To ensure At least 50% Conduct regular
power interruptions continuous and reduction in preventive maintenance Clearing of Electrical
uninterruptible unscheduled Line Right-Of-Way (i.e. Province-
2020-2028 SOCOTECO I & II
power services power Maintain six (6) meters cutting/pruning of trees wide
interruptions clearing of all electrical and vegetation)
lines
Increasing power bills To provide At least 10% Reduce system loss and Conduct of IEC on
4 • Increasing market cost of affordable power reduction in intensify implementation Electricity Conservation
fuels and inflation rate supply monthly power of anti-pilferage law and Anti-Pilferage at the Province-
2020-2028 SOCOTECO I & II
• Costly line expansion, rates Household Level wide
maintenance and systems
loss in remote areas

High dependence on non- To increase At least 30% of Promote development of Establishment of
5 renewable sources of energy dependence on energy supply are renewable energy source Additional Renewable Province- PLGU, DOE, Power
2020-2028
renewable power from renewable Energy Source (i.e. wide Cooperatives &
supply energy source mini-hydro, solar power Investors, SCEIPC
farm, biogas, etc.)
Sub- Table 5.4.5 Summary Matrix of Issues, Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs for the Information and Communication Technology Sub-sector
Goal: Access to adequate, reliable and disaster-resilient information and communication facilities and systems
Programs, Projects, Lead Agency/
No Issues and Concerns Objectives Targets Strategies/Policy Actions Timeframe Location
and Activities (PPAs) Department
Limited coverage of cellular To expand 100% of Lobby for the installation of
PLGU, NTC &
1 mobile telephone services coverage of barangays with additional cell site Installation of additional
Province- Telecommuni-
(CMTS) and broadband cellular phones CMTS coverage transmitters and landline transmitters and 2020-2028
wide cation
coverage in the rural areas in rural areas and broadband and broadband hubs/sub- broadband hubs
Companies
coverage stations
Limited/slow implementation of To fast track 11 Lobby with C/MLGUs to
2 public broadband services (i.e. implementation city/municipalities support and provide Establishment/
Free Wi-Fi For All Project and of public installed with counterpart funds Installation of Public Wi-
Tech4Ed) broadband operational public Fi and Tech4Ed

Province- DICT &
• Demand-driven and dependent services wi-fi and Tech4Ed Coordinate with DICT to fast facilities 2020-2028
wide C/MLGU
on the counterpart funds facilities track implementation of ICT
availability of LGU projects
| 5-86
• Limited area of coverage for
the users/data cap
Chapter 5.5
NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
Managing South Cotabato’s natural resources and environment is an immense

responsibility that requires the concerted efforts of all actors of the society –
government, business/private and civil society.
It is, too, a complex task as this involves managing lands of the public domain as well as resources
that are considered ‘common property resource (CPR)’; thus, requires a combination of co-
management and community-based management principles. Common-pool resource or the
‘commons’ generally refers to a natural resource shared by many individuals, such as many elements
of the environment as forests, air, water, and fisheries. In the absence of regulations and when
individual and group interests are in conflict, these common property resources become susceptible
to overuse, and thus prone to Hardin’s “tragedy of the commons”.
Aside from the degradation of the environment and decline of biodiversity, the environment and
natural resource management sector is further confronted with the recent environmental challenges
of disaster risks and climate change, and the dependency of societies on and depletion of non-
renewable energy sources.
The province has rich natural resources, including deposits of mineral resources, which must be
protected or sustainably managed and developed to ensure that the future generations are not
constrained of their preferences.
This plan aims to sustain and advance socio-economic development while considering the
carrying capacity of the natural resources and environment.
South Cotabato’s natural resources and environment management plan is anchored on the
management of the ecosystems and its sub-systems as shown in Table 5.5.1. Every ecosystem is
covered by a corresponding sub-sector of NREM.
Table 5.5.1 Ecosystems and its Subsystems and Corresponding Sub-sector of the Natural Resources and Environment
Management Sector
ECOSYSTEM SUBSYSTEMS SUB-SECTORS OF NREM
• Production Forest • Watersheds, Protected Areas and
Forest / Upland Ecosystem
• Protection Forest Wildlife
• Surface water • Watersheds, Protected Areas and
Freshwater Ecosystem
• Groundwater Wildlife
• Built up areas
• Urban wastes (solid, liquid,
• Urban Environment Management and
Urban Ecosystem hazardous)
Pollution Control
• Air pollution (mobile/stationary
sources)
• Watersheds, Protected Areas and
• Croplands
Wildlife
Lowland / Agricultural Ecosystem • Livestock
• Urban Environment Management and
• Fisheries (i.e. Fishponds)
Pollution Control
Source: Rationalized Local Planning System of the Philippines, Serote as Prepared for the DILG

Development Issues and Problems
A. Watersheds, Protected Areas and Wildlife

The degradation of forests, watersheds, protected areas and wildlife habitat is the core issue
under this sub-sector resulting in erosion, siltation, landslides and flooding, among others. These are
also caused by socio-cultural, political and organizational issues that need to be urgently addressed.
Among the most urgent factors contributing to the core problem is the overlapping/conflicting
issuance of tenurial instruments by the following national line agencies: DAR, DENR, NCIP and LRA.
This often results in the encroachment of forests, watersheds and protected areas, which eventually
lead to overutilization and degradation of forest resources and declining biodiversity. Although the
national government agencies mentioned above issued Joint Memorandum Circular No. 08, series
of 2012, creating the Joint Provincial Steering Committee for purposes of addressing the issue on
conflicting issuances of tenurial instruments, the said committee is still on its infant stage of
implementing its mandate.
Generally, pressure on forestlands/protection areas by population and economic activities, and

encroachment of protection areas including NIPAS areas, easements of rivers, creeks and lakes,
aggravated by weak monitoring and enforcement of environmental laws and policies, have
denuded forests, overexploited natural resources, polluted air and water resources, and exposed
people and communities to devastating environmental and health impacts.
Other planning and management related issues contributing to the core problem, which are also of
equal importance in this sector are the following:
• Degradation of forests, watersheds, protected areas and wildlife habitat

• Occurrence of landslides in forest areas/uplands
• Rapid encroachment of exotic species of flora and fauna in forestlands
• Poor implementation of RA 9003
• Limited community participation in implementing RA 9003
• Weak enforcement of regulation on proper disposal of wastewater from both point and non-
point sources (domestic, commercial, industrial & institutional)
• Health and environmental Impacts on Improper Practice of Aerial Spraying of Large
Corporations
• Flash flooding in urban areas
• Presence of unsustainable, illegal and destructive small scale mining activities
With all these issues critical to sustaining the quality of the environment, green development
initiatives must be in place within the forest/upland ecosystems and the watersheds.
Forest Carrying Capacity and Highest and Best Use of Forestland’ must be considered in the
management and utilization of forest resources. Forest carrying capacity means that the use of forest
resources should be within their biological capacity and ecological limits. Importantly, “ecological
limits” means that the “rate of resource extraction should not exceed the rate of resource
generation. ”Meanwhile, “highest and best use of forestlands” refers to those uses which will
maintain the productivity and ecological functions of forest resources.
Moreover, to address issues on the declining quality and biodiversity of watersheds, watershed
approach to planning must be promoted either for the objective of watershed protection or watershed
restoration, or both.

B. Urban Environment Management and Pollution Control
This sub-sector covers three (3) areas of the urban ecosystem, namely: solid waste
management, water quality and air quality.
The perennial issue on solid waste management is low people’s participation on implementing
waste management strategies and projects, including waste segregation and reduction at source.
Information, education and communication (IEC) activities to increase the awareness of the people
are not sustained. Most of the incumbent barangay officials lack the technical capacity on solid waste
management.
On the other hand, the major problem on managing water quality in the province is the improper
disposal of domestic, commercial and industrial wastewater from both point and non-point sources
as residences, establishments, hotels, hospitals, public markets, agro-industries as poultries and
piggeries, and the like. There are still a few wastewater management facilities established by both
the local governments in public facilities and the private sector in commercial and industrial
establishments. Other than poor monitoring of wastewater disposal of big agro-industries, the LGUs
also need technical and capacitating in establishing wastewater management facilities as well as in
monitoring the water quality of major water bodies in the province.
The weak enforcement of Clean Air Act results in the loose regulation of private emission testing
centers, open burning of agricultural wastes and absence of air quality profiling in the province,
among others. The LGUs also need to be capacitated in monitoring the ambient air quality in their
localities.
Aerial spraying is another current issue that contributes to air and water pollution with impacts to
the health of the community.
C. Mining and Quarry Operations Management
Taxes and fees collected from small scale mining operations have considerably contributed to
the income of the province. However, unregulated and illegal small scale mining operation that use
methods destructive to the environment and hazardous to public health is still a major issue for the
sector.
The proliferation of illegal mining and quarrying operations had put havoc to the province’s
environment and economy. This practice had displaced local miners in favor of the more experienced
miners from other provinces.
Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPAs
The succeeding tables present the summary matrix of natural resource and environment
management issues per sub-sector with the corresponding goals, objectives, targets, strategies and
PPAs to address these issues.

Table 5.5.2 Environment and Natural Resources Management Plan 2020-2028
I. Sub-sector: Watersheds, Protected Areas and Wildlife
Goal: Ecologically-managed and improved biodiversity of watersheds, protected areas and wildlife
TARGETS/
CORE ISSUES OBJECTIVE SUCCESS STRATEGIES/POLICY ACTIONS PPAS TIMEFRAME LOCATION AGENCY
INDICATORS
1. Degradation of forests, To prevent the Prevented the Strengthen policies and implementation Institutionalization of Municipal
watersheds, protected degradation of degradation of of programs and enforcement of ENROs
areas and wildlife habitat forests, forests, environmental laws related to forests,
watersheds, watersheds, watersheds and protected areas Hiring of plantilla personnel for
a. Fragmented protected protected areas MENROs
implementation of areas and and wildlife Strengthen Environmental Awareness
programs and enforcement wildlife habitat habitat by 100% Advocacy (EAA) for C/MLGUs Formulation and implementation
of environmental laws support to Forest Land Use
related to forests, Strengthen manpower capabilities of Plans of C/MLGUs

watersheds and protected C/MENROs
areas Incentive Program for Local
b. Absence of Forest Land Provide policy support for the Environment Law Enforcement
PEMO,
Use Plan (FLUPs) of institutionalization of ENRO offices Officers 2020-2028 Province-wide
C/MENROs
component city and
municipalities Institutionalize incentives for barangay Conduct of quarterly EAA per
c. Overlapping/ conflicting environment law enforcers (3-5 enforcers C/MLGUs
issuance of tenurial per municipality)
instruments by different Strengthen coordination to
agencies (DAR, NCIP, Provide assistance in the formulation, harmonize tenurial instruments
DENR, LRA) approval and updating of the Forest Land by different agencies by national
d. Encroachment of Use Plans of C/MLGUs government agencies and LGUs
settlements and economic
activities in forest lands Integrate FLUP formulation and Re-envigoration of Allah Valley
implementation as one indicator of the Landscape Development Alliance
Clean and Green Program (AVLADA)
2. Occurrence of To reduce the 100% of Policy support for the creation of Formulation of Integrated
landslides in forest occurrence of landslide-prone watershed and sub-watershed alliances Watershed Management Plans
areas/uplands landslides in areas (e.g. Marbel-Buluan Watershed Alliance) for alliances
forest rehabilitated 2020-2028 Province-wide PEMO
areas/uplands within the Implementation of Tree
planning period Growing/Tree Planting Projects

in landslide-prone areas
| 5-90
I. Sub-sector: Watersheds, Protected Areas and Wildlife
TARGETS/
CORE ISSUES OBJECTIVE SUCCESS STRATEGIES/POLICY ACTIONS PPAS TIMEFRAME LOCATION AGENCY
INDICATORS
Establishment of Community and
City/Municipality-Based Nursery
for Wildings
1. Rapid encroachment To prevent the Prevent the Source-out funds for Research and Conduct of Research and
of exotic species of rapid rapid Development activities on invasive flora Development on Invasive
flora and fauna in encroachment encroachment of and fauna Species of flora and fauna
forestlands of exotic exotic species of
species of flora and fauna Establish partnerships with the academe
2020-2028 Province-wide PEMO
flora and in forestlands by for Research and Development activities
fauna in 100%
forestlands Formulation and Implementation Support

to Protected Area Management Plans
(PAMP) of Key Biodiversity Areas
II. Sub-sector: Urban Environment Management and Pollution Control

Goal: Clean, Green, Healthy and Ecologically-sustainable Urban Ecosystems
TARGETS/SUCCESS STRATEGIES/POLICY
CORE ISSUES OBJECTIVE PPAS TIMEFRAME LOCATION AGENCY
INDICATORS ACTIONS
2.Poor To strengthen the 100% of the Provide Policy Support for Recognition and Awards
implementation implementation of Households/Communities Incentive Mechanism for Best Program for Best SWM
of RA 9003 or SWM Program That Practice SWM Program Implementer of SWM Program Implementer
the Ecological is Sustained and Maintained
Solid Waste Provide policy and logistical Provide financial
Management Act Pass C/MLGU Ordinance support for strengthened assistance for the
of 2000 Requiring WWTF Within the implementation of RA 9003 purchase of garbage
Planning Period trucks for C/MLGUs Province-
Policy support for technical and 2020-2028 PEMO
wide
finacial assistance to C/MLGUs Establishment of SLFs in
for the establishment of SLFs Strategic Areas
Conduct of Provincial Eco-

caravan

| 5-91
TARGETS/SUCCESS STRATEGIES/POLICY
INDICATORS ACTIONS
3.Limited To increase the 70% of households practising Provide Policy support for IEC Ecological Solid Waste
community level of community waste segragation and Activities of All Barangays of the Management Program
Province-
participation in participation in reduction at source by 2028 Province 2020-2028 PEMO
wide
implementing implementing RA
RA 9003 9003
4.Weak To ensure proper 100% of septage are properly Pass C/MLGU ordinance Establishment of
enforcement of disposal of managed, disposed and requiring Waste Water Treatment Standard WWTF at
regulation on wastewater/effluent treated. Facility (WWTF) within the C/MLGUs’ Public
proper disposal s from all sources planning period Facilities
of wastewater
from both point Provide Policy Support for the Establishment of
and non-point establishment of WWTF among Provincial Septage

sources C/MLGUs Treatment Facility
(domestic,
Province-
commercial, Develop Standard for WWTF in Creation of C/MLGU 2020-2028 PEMO
wide
industrial & all C/MLGUs Multi-partite Monitoring
institutional) Team (MMT) for
Regulate domestic and Environmental Law
commercial septic tank waste Compliance
disposal
Strengthen apprehension and

monitoring of septage disposal
violators
5.Health and To eradicate health Regular monitoring by Strictly monitor aerial spraying Monitoring and
environmental and environmental C/MLGUs of aerial spraying activities of plantation companies Evaluation Program
Impacts on impacts of aerial activities of plantations in the
Improper spraying province within the planning Province-
2020-2028 PEMO
Practice of period wide
Aerial Spraying
of Large
Corporations
6.Flash flooding in To reduce incidents 60% reduction of incidents of Provide Policy Support for the Eco-Belt Development
urban areas of flash flood in flash floods in urban centers Institutionalization of the Eco-Belt Program. Eco-Belt:

urban centers Development Among C/MLGUs Plantation of Bamboos, Province-
2020-2028 PEMO
Agro-Forest Trees and wide
Forest Trees.
| 5-92
CORE TARGETS/SUCCESS STRATEGIES/
OBJECTIVE PPAS TIMEFRAME LOCATION AGENCY
ISSUES INDICATORS POLICY ACTIONS
Formulation and Implementation of Drainage Master Plans
per C/MLGUs
Establishment of Green Spaces and Parks in Urban Areas
Creation of Riparian and Easement Enforcement Task

Force
III. Sub-sector: Mining and Quarry Operations Management

Goal: Responsible Utilization of Mineral Resources
TARGETS/SUCCESS STRATEGIES/
INDICATORS POLICY ACTIONS
7.Presence of To eliminate Zero illegal (”banlas”) Properly coordinate Establishment of Military Detachments
unsustainable, small scale mining activities in with concerned in the Mining Areas of Tampakan and
illegal and (“banlas”) Tampakan and T’bol agencies for T’boli
destructive small mining strengthening of
scale mining activitiers 100% of water bodies enforcement Establishment of Silt Detention
activities near mining areas are Structure in the Tributaries of the Allah
To lessen free from mining- Partner with private and Banga River and Other Major River
• Siltation and erosion siltation and related pollutants (e.g. sector for logistical Systems of the Province
due to mining erosion due mercury, cyanide) support
activities to mining Conduct of Raids and Other
• Involvement of some activities Provide funds and Enforcement Activities
political officials/men policy support for a
in uniform in illegal fact-finding Creation of Fact-Finding Committee on 2020-2028 Province-wide PEMO
small scale mining committee to Illegal Small-Scale Mining Activities
• Absence of Ancestral investigate
Domain Sustainable involvement of men Formulation of ADSDPP through the
Development and in uniform National Commission of the Indigenous
Protection Plan People (NCIP)
(ADSDPP)
Establishment of Lake Sebu
Development Authority

Creation of Livestock Development
Plan and Crops Industry Development
Plan
| 5-93
Chapter 5.6
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PLAN
South Cotabato is experiencing hazards pertaining to hydro-meteorological,

geologic, and climate change-related events. Baseline data evidently manifest that the
province is vulnerable to flood, rain-induced landslides (RIL) and tornado (hydro-
meteorological); earthquake, earthquake-induced landslide, liquefaction and volcanic
hazard (geologic); and drought, temperature increase, and rainfall change (climate
change-related). With the threats of hazards aggravated by the changing climate,
the provincial government should look into the issues brought about by the
severe impacts of disasters, strategize programs to reduce risks, help the
communities adapt to changing climate, mitigate, and ultimately become a
disaster-and climate change-resilient settlement.
Development Issues and Problems
I. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

The province is primarily a host to several hazards such as hydro-meteorological, geologic,
anthropologic or socio-political hazards and even the ill effects of climate change. Disasters are
aggravated by weak and out-dated infrastructures; presence of settlers in hazard prone areas;
degraded/exploited/polluted environment; lack/outdated/weak policies (both national and local) on
land use, urban and rural planning, mining and environment; poor data collection as a means for
better decision making; lack/poor knowledgeable technical personnel with specialization on
technological advancement; weak implementation of RA10121; low advocacy on DRR awareness;
low governmental transparency; and poor income generation of component LGUs. The issues are
cross-cutting problems that would deal on the four (4) areas of the DRR subsector namely disaster
prevention and mitigation, disaster preparedness, disaster response, and disaster rehabilitation and
recovery.
II. Climate Change Adaptation (CCA)

The National Framework Strategy on Climate Change guided the passage of the National Climate
Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2011-2028 in 2010. The NCCAP moves climate change beyond
environmental challenge and links it with the country’s economic targets and goal on social
sustainability (CCC, 2011). The plan will serve as the basis for a program for climate change,
research, planning, research and development, extension, and monitoring of activities to protect
vulnerable communities from the adverse effects of climate change (NCCAP, 2011).
The NCCAP seeks to implement a realistically achievable country-driven program of action for
integrated climate change adaptation and mitigation. Seven (7) strategic priorities have been
identified to address the impacts of global warming to the country. These are: (1) Food Security, (2)
water sufficiency, (3) environmental and ecological stability, (4) human security, (5) sustainable
energy, (6) climate-smart industries and services, and (7) knowledge and capacity development. The
NCCAP also calls for the incorporation and consideration of the following themes in the above-cited
seven thematic priorities: gender and development, technology transfer, research and development,
information, education and communication (IEC), and capacity-building. The NCCAP will be
implemented through financing, valuation of natural resources, multi-stakeholder partnership, and
capacity-building.
Considering the climate projection of drier (decreasing amount of rainfall) and hotter (increasing
temperature) in South Cotabato for the next 20-50 years (Chapter 8, Book 1), climate change
adaptation issues in South Cotabato involve the inadequate resilient farming technologies in the
province, unsustainable water resources, and threats to health and human security resulting from air-
and vector-borne diseases brought about by changes in climate. The long term ecological security is
also endangered. Climate smart industries and services are not readily available in the province,
except for solar energy sources that are already introduced.
In all of these issues confronting climate change, the people’s knowledge and adaptive
capacities must also be enhanced.
Goals, Objectives, Targets, Strategies and PPA
The succeeding tables show the corresponding summary of issues, goals, objectives, targets,
strategies and PPAs of the DRR/CCA Sector.

Table 5.6.1 DRR Programs, Projects and Activities 2020-2028
I. Sub-sector: Disaster Risk Reduction
IV. Sub-sector: Disaster Risk Reduction
STRATEGIES/POLICY
CORE ISSUES OBJECTIVE TARGETS PPAS TIMEFRAME LOCATION AGENCY
ACTIONS
Prevention & Mitigation:
Low Resiliency of To improve disaster By 2028, all public and Policy on Conduct of Conduct of Inventory,
Infrastructure Systems resiliency of provincial infrastructures Regular Public Inspection and Retrofitting of
infrastructure are audited, assessed Infrastructure Audit and; Major Infrastructures / Public
systems and retrofitted (roads, Enhancement of Buildings
Province- LGU,PPDO/
bridges, buildings, lifeline skills/capability and 2020-2028 PEO
wide
structures and other knowledge of engineers on Conduct of Training for
infrastructures) building infrastructures Engineers on Infrastructure
using new/modern Auditing, Inspection of Public
engineering technology Infrastructure.

Presence of To reduce Relocation of the informal Identification of hazard-free/ Conduct of Hazard Risk
communities, schools communities of settlers to safer safe zones on the Assessment in the identified
and informal settlers in informal settlers in settlements within the municipal and provincial communities, schools and
hazard prone areas hazard prone areas planning period perspective informal settlers in hazard
prone areas.

Financial Assistance to LGUs,
DepEd for the purchase of lot Province- LGU,PPDO/
2020-2028 PEO
for the relocation sites. wide
Conduct of Knowledge and

Capacity Development
Trainings
Installation of Early Warning

System
Insufficient available To collect and 100% of data (MAP) Appropriation ordinance Geo-Hazard Assessment
data (MAP) profile on produce data profile on the number of Project on Sink Hole of South
the number of brgys (MAP) profile on the brgys prone to sinkhole Cotabato
prone to sinkhole number of brgys reproduced within the •Conduct of assessment and
Province- LGU,PPDO/
prone to sinkhole planning period profiling and generation of 2020-2028 PEO
wide
maps.
•Conduct massive IEC
•Reproduction of IEC and Maps
(Fliers and Tarpaulins)
STRATEGIES/
POLICY ACTIONS
Insufficient data on To collect and 100% of data on Appropriation Inventory and Profiling Project of Informal
Informal settlers reproduce data on Informal settlers ordinance Settlers in Hazard Prone areas
Informal settlers collected and •Conduct of mapping and community risk
Province- LGU,PPD
reproduced within the assessment to identified hazard prone 2020-2028
wide O/PEO
planning period areas.
•Relocation project assistance to LGUs.
(Financial assistance to purchase of lot)
Inadequate number To survey and re- 100% of the number of Appropriation Inventory and Upgrading/Construction of
of Evacuation survey the number Evacuation Centers ordinance Evacuation Centers
Centers of Evacuation surveyed and re- •Identification of locations as per Province- LGU,PPD
2020-2028
Centers surveyed within the recommendation of the MGB wide O/PEO
planning period •Provision of additional facilities in the

evacuation centers.
Limited To upgrade 100% of Appropriation Upgrading of Provincial Operations
communications communications communications ordinance Center
interconnectivity and interconnectivity interconnectivity and •Purchase of Mobile EOC
Province- LGU,PPD
response to and response to response to •Installation of DRR Info Systems 2020-2028
wide O/PEO
emergencies/ emergencies/ emergencies/incidents
incidents incidents upgraded within the
planning period
Inadequate early To install/establish 100% of early warning Appropriation Installation and Establishment of Early
warning system to early warning system to hazard prone ordinance Warning System to LGUs in hazard prone
hazard prone areas system to hazard areas areas
Province- PDRRMC/
prone areas installed/established •Purchase of All-Hazard EWS Device and 2020-2028
wide O
within the planning Signages
period •Enhancement of EW System and
protocols
Inadequate To provided 100% of inancial Appropriation Provision of financial assistance for
assistance to financial assistance assistance to farmers ordinance damaged crops and livestock to affected
damage to crops to farmers and and livestock growers individuals/communities
PDRRMC/
and livestocks of livestock growers during Province-
2020-2028 O
farmers and during incidents/calamities wide
livestock growers incidents/calamities provided within the
during planning period
incidents/calamities

| 5-90
STRATEGIES/
POLICY ACTIONS
Insufficient data on To conduct Geo- 100% of financial Appropriation Financial Assistance to DepEd for the
Ge-hazard Risk and hazard Risk and assistance to DepEd for ordinance conduct of Inventory and profiling of
Vulnerability Vulnerability the conduct of Inventory Schools Province- PDRRMC/
2020-2028
Assessment of Assessment of and profiling of Schools wide DEPED
Schools Schools provided within the
planning period
Insufficient data for To survey and 100% of data for risk Appropriation •Geo-hazard Mapping and Assessment of
risk assessment and collect data for risk assessment and geo- ordinance vulnerable sectors
geo-hazard mapping assessment and hazard mapping •Conduct of GIS,REDAS, CAAP Training Province- PDRRMC/
2020-2028
geo-hazard surveyed and collected •Purchase of drone equipment, android wide PPDO
mapping within the planning tabs for mapping etc.
period
Limited DRR-CCA To enhance DRR- 100% of DRR-CCA Appropriation Project Developing Resilient
intervention to CCA intervention to intervention to address ordinance Interventionss for the Vulnerable
Province-
address the hazards address the the hazards in the Environment (DRIVE) of South Cotabato 2020-2028 PEMO
wide
in the province hazards in the province enhanced
province

Insufficient and To update outdated 100% of outdated dated Appropriation Updating and crafting of DRR-CCA Plans
outdated data for data for planning data for planning Ordinance e.g Contingency Plan, Response Plan,
Province- PDRRMC/
planning development development updated Early Warning System 2020-2028
wide O
development within the planning
period
Insufficient/clogged To rehabilitate 100% of clogged Policy support for the •Construction of Lined canal, bridges and
drainage and flood clogged drainage drainage and flood rehabilitation of flood control infrastructures.
Province- PEO,
control facilities and flood facilities facilities rehabilitated clogged rainage and 2020-2028
wide PDRRMO
within the planning flood facilities •Relocation Program for communities and
period program schools in high risk areas
Deforestration & To rehabilitate 100% of deforested Policy support for the Project Developing Resilient Interventions
Conversion of forest deforested areas to areas rehabilitated and programs on for the Vulnerable Env't. (DRIVE) of
to agricultural land support policies 100% of policies rehabilitation of South Cotabato
against the against the conversion deforested areas and -Riparian Rehabilitation and
conversion of forest of forest to agricultural advocacy against land Reforestration Program PDRRMO,
Province-
to agricultural land land supported within conversion of forest to 2020-2028 PPDO,
wide
the planning period agricultural lands -Conduct of Capacity Development PEO
Trainings
-Financial Assistance to LGUs for the

Formulation of Forest Land Use Plan
STRATEGIES/
POLICY ACTIONS
Limited available To support 100% of t financing and Policy support for
financing & financing and insurance programs for financing and
Province- PDRRMO,
insurance insurance for victims of disasters insurance programs •Conduct of study on Risk Financing 2020-2028
wide NGOs
victims of supported within the for victims of
disasters planning period disasters
Low resiliency of To provide 100% of the programs for Policy support for
infrastructure programs for the the resiliency of the programs for the PDRRMO,
•Conduct of Training of Infrastructure Audit Province-
systems resiliency of infrastructure systems resiliency of 2020-2028 PEO,
of Provincial Engineers wide
infrastructure supported within the infrastructure PPDO
systems planning period systems
Presence of informal To provide 100% of the programs for Policy support for
settlers in hazard programs for the the informal settlers in the programs for the PDRRMO,
•Relocation Program for communities and Province-
prone areas informal settlers in hazard prone areas informal settlers in 2020-2028 PEO,
schools in high risk areas wide
(riverbank) hazard prone (riverbank) provided hazard prone areas PPDO
areas (riverbank) within the planning period (riverbank)
Lack/Insufficient of To establish Early 100% of Early Warning Policy support for
•Installation and Establishment of Early
Early Warning Warning System System Devices in hazard Early Warning
Warning System to LGUs in hazard prone
System and low Devices in hazard prone areas established System Devices
areas Province-
establishment of prone areas within the planning period Establishment 2020-2028 PDRRMO
wide
Early Warning Program
•Provision of Assistance to LGUs for the
Devices in hazard
Crafting of Early Warning System
prone areas
Lack of Data on Risk To collect and 100% of Data on Risk Policy support for •Financial Assistance to DepEd for the
Assessment consolidate Data Assessment Analysis Data on Risk Inventory and profiling of schools in hazard
Analysis on Risk collected and Assessment areas
Assessment consolidated within the Analysis Program •Conduct of REDAs Training
Analysis planning period •Risk Assessment and Geo-hazard PDRRMO,
Province-
Mapping to various hazards of LGUs 2020-2028 PPDO,
wide
-Conduct of REDAS Training NGAs
-Purchase of Equipment and supplies for
Risk Assessment
•Geo-hazard Assessment Project on Karst
Susceptibility of South Cotabato

| 5-92
STRATEGIES/
POLICY ACTIONS
Increase of Water- To provide programs 100% of programs to Policy support for the •Conduct of Disinfection Activities
borne and vector to combat Water- combat Water-borne programs to combat •Conduct of IEC Campaign Activities
PDRRMO,
diseases borne and vector and vector diseases Water-borne and vector •Purchase of Equipment and Chemicals Province-
2020-2028 PPDO,
diseases provided and diseases and other supplies wide
IPHO
implemented within •Production and Distribution of IEC
the planning period Materials
Occurrence/Recurre •Conduct of Study on Drought
nce of Climate Resistant Crops
Related Hazards e.g •Food Security Development Program
El Niño/La Niña -Procurement and Installation of solar
events powered submersible pump
-Conduct of IEC Campaign, Training
Orientation and Coordinative Meetings

-Purchase of Supplies and Equipment
e.g agri-inputs, livestocks, vitamins,
PPEs and other supplies
Preparedness:

Limited To fully By 2028, all LGUs Policy support for the
institutionalization of institutionalize have a permanent institutionalization of
Institutionalization of CDRRMO of Province- LGU,PPDO/
LDRRMOs (Banga LDRRMOs MDRRM Officer and CDRRMO & MDRRMO 2020-2028 PEO
Koronadal and Tampakan wide
and Tampakan) staff of Koronadal &
Tampakan
Lack of updated To improve the C/MDRRMOs Establish database
baseline data gathering of relevant regularly submit the gathering at the
Full implementation of CBMS and Province- LGU,PPDO/
available data for analysis and updated baseline barangay level 2020-2028 PEO
submission to PDRRMO wide
program formulation information/data to
PDRRMO
Poor & Limited To improve access of By 2028, provincial Establish readily
access of communities to government should available disaster risk
communities to effective and identify at least 3 financing
Conduct of Research for Possible
effective and applicable disaster disaster risk financing schemes/options Province- LGU,PPDO/
Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance 2020-2028 PEO
applicable disaster risk financing and and insurance wide
Schemes/Options for the Community
risk financing and insurance schemes /options
insurance schemes / schemes/options available for the
options community
STRATEGIES/
POLICY ACTIONS
Limited and To maintain and All component LGUs Maintenance of Coordination with LGUs MDRRMOs
insufficient enhance the upto the barangay have EWS. Require all
monitoring, monitoring, operational and LGUs to establish Linkage and coordination with DOST for Province- LGU,PPD
2020-2028
forecasting and early forecasting and EWS effective EWS by 2028 EWS devices the monitoring and maintenance of wide O/PEO
warning system Automated Rain Gauge, Water Level
(EWS) Monitoring and E-Siren.
Insufficient To increase the All BDRRMOs in the Recommend for the Training of personnel for the functionality
knowledge, capacity, awareness, skills, and province are identified functionality of of C/M/BDRRMOs.
skills of LDRRMCs, coping capacities of for planning, capacity BDRRMOs. Institutionalization and Training of
communities, the community building within the Review of Barangay Community Disaster Volunteers and
Emergency (threats and impacts planning period Plans Search and Rescue Responders LGU,PPD
Responders, of all hazards, risks Province- O/PEO

2020-2028
MDRRMOs, IMTs to and vulnerability) Capacity Development Program for wide PDRRMC/
respond to vulnerable communities in hazard prone O
emergencies areas
Capacity Development Program for

LDRRMOs and program implementers
Lack of tool to be To provide technology 100% technology as a Appropriation
used to widely as a tool to be used tool to be used to widely Ordinance
disseminate early to widely disseminate disseminate early
Province-
warning information early warning warning information to Text Blast System of the Province 2020-2028 PDRRMO
wide
to vulnerable information to vulnerable communities
communities vulnerable provided within the
communities planning period
Lack of insurance to To provide insurance 100% of insurance to Appropriation
safely protect the to safely protect the safely protect the Ordinance
accredited accredited community accredited community
community disaster disaster volunteers in disaster volunteers in Provision of Insurance to Accredited Province- PDRRMC/
2020-2028
volunteers in responding to responding to Community Disaster Volunteers wide O
responding to emergencies emergencies provided
emergencies within the planning
period

| 5-94
STRATEGIES/
POLICY ACTIONS
Insufficient support for To support the 100% of the mobilization Appropriation
the mobilization of mobilization of DRR- of DRR-CCA program Ordinance
Purchase of Fuel (Gasoline, Oil and Province- PDRRMC/
DRR-CCA program CCA program and and emergency response 2020-2028
Lubricants) for PDRRM Operations wide O
and emergency emergency response initiatives supported
response initiatives initiatives within the planning period
Not fully functional To lobby/advocate in 100% of the DRRMOs Policy support for the
•Lobby to LCE and Sangguniang
DRRMO making DRRMOs fully are fully functional within advocacy/lobby in Panlalawigan to support for the Approval of
functional the planning period making DRRMOs the Proposed PDRRMO Structure under
fully functional Organizational and Management Study of
the Province and hiring of personnel
•Lobby to LCE of LGUs for the creation of
plantilla positions of MDRRMO (Banga and
Tampakan)
•Provision of Insurance to Accredited
Community Disaster Volunteers
•Updating and crafting of DRR-CCA Plans
e.g Contingency Plan, Response Plan, Province- PDRRMC/
2020-2028

Early Warning System and Public Service wide O
Continuity Plan
•Capacity Development Program for
vulnerable sectors and for LDRRMOs and
program implementers
1.Incident Command System Level 1 to 4
for Emergency Responders, PDRRMC
Council Members and PDRRMO Staff and
Personnel of South Cotabato
2.Emergency Operations (EOC) Training
•Upgrading and Equipage of Provincial
Operations Center
Low DRR-CCA To make the vulnerable 100% of the vulnerable Policy support for the Capacity Development Program for
awareness, skills and communities (men, communities (men, programs on vulnerable sectors and for LDRRMOs and
coping capacities of women, children, women, children, elderly, vulnerable program implementers
vulnerable elderly, PWDs) attained PWDs) attained DRR- communities (men, 1.Conduct of Gender Responsive DRR-
Province- LGU,PPDO
communities (men, DRR-CCA awareness, CCA awareness, skills women, children, CCA Awareness and Advocacy Programs 2020-2028
wide , PDRRMO
women, children, skills and coping and coping capacities elderly, PWDs) in in hazard prone areas in South Cotabato
elderly, PWDs) capacities within the planning period attaining DRR-CCA 2.Conduct of CBDRRM Training in hazard
awareness, skills and prone areas
coping capacities
STRATEGIES/
POLICY ACTIONS
Limited capacity To increase/level-up 100% of capacity Policy support for the Capacity Development Program for
development of the capacity development programs capacity development vulnerable sectors and for LDRRMOs and
program development of for program programs for program program implementers
implementers program implementers implementers (LDRRM implementers 1.ICS Level 1 to 4 for Emergency
(LDRRM Council, (LDRRM Council, Council, Disaster (LDRRM Council, Responders, PDRRMC Council Members
Disaster Volunteers, Disaster Volunteers, Volunteers, Search and Disaster Volunteers, and PDRRMO Staff and Personnel of
Search and Rescue Search and Rescue Rescue Teams, public Search and Rescue South Cotabato
Teams, public and Teams, public and and private sectors, Teams, public and 2.Conduct of Basic Ambulance Operations
private sectors, private sectors, stakeholders) are private sectors, Training to ACDVs and Emergency
Province-
stakeholders) stakeholders) Implemented within the stakeholders) Responders (C/MDRRMOs) 2020-2028 PDRRMO
wide
planning period 3.Conduct of RDANA Training
4.Conduct of PDANA Training

5.Conduct of Training on Search and
Rescue Operations on Collapsed Structure
6.Conduct of Building Emergency
Evacuation Plan for vulnerable
communities
7.Conduct of Quarterly Search and Rescue
Proficiency / Simulation Exercises
Inadequate To 100% of the evacuation Policy support for the
•Inventory and Upgrading/Construction of
evacuation facilities upgrade/construct/reha facilities and operation upgrading/constructio
Evacuation Centers
and operation centers bilitate evacuation centers n/rehabilitation of the Province-
•Conduct of Evacuation Center 2020-2028 PDRRMO
facilities and operation upgraded/constructed/reh evacuation facilities wide
Management and Camp Coordination and
centers abilitated within the and operation centers
Camp Management
planning period
Limited capacity in the To conduct Drills and 100% of Drills and Policy support for the
conduct Drills and Simulations for Simulations for conduct of Drills and
Simulations of vulnerable sectors and vulnerable sectors and Simulations for •Conduct of Regular Drills and Simulations Province-
vulnerable sectors LGUs LGUs conducted within vulnerable sectors 2020-2028 PDRRMO
to vulnerable sectors and LGUs wide
and LGUs the planning period and LGUs

| 5-96
STRATEGIES/
POLICY ACTIONS
No updated To update baseline 100% of baseline data Policy support for the •Assistance to LGUs for the Implementation
baseline data data updated within the updating of baseline data of LGUs CBMS
planning period •Conduct of Evaluation on Best Prepared
Province- PDRRMO
LDRRMCs (Gawad Kalasag) 2020-2028
wide
•Creation of Monitoring, Assessment and
Evaluation Team and Guidelines for Best
Prepared LDRRMCs Evaluation
Occurrences of • Conduct of Capacity Development
Emerging Infectious Trainings and Simulation Exercises for
Diseases Frontliners and Responders in Handling
Infectious Diseases
• Conduct of Skills Training to Locals on
Basic Quality PPE making

• Crafting of MOA/MOU to partner agencies
Response:
Limited rescue and To avail rescue and Provision of equipment Policy support for rescue
response equipment response equipment within the planning and response. Province- LGU,PPDO/P
Provide equipment to MLGUs/PNP 2020-2028

wide EO
to address hazards to address hazards period
Lack of prescribed To provide facilities By 2028, to provide MOAs with concerned
Standard Camp e.g gender-based facilities to identified 8 agencies Construction of Facilities e.g gender-based
Coordination comfort rooms, LGUs in high risk areas comfort rooms, kitchen, laundry areas, Province- LGU,PPDO/P
2020-2028 EO
Management kitchen, laundry lighting and water facilities etc. in the wide
facilities in the areas, lighting and identified Evacuation Center
Evacuation Centers water facilities etc.
Inadequate/or Lack To procure 100% procurement of Appropriation Ordinance
•Purchase of Hydraulic man lifter service
of emergency emergency response emergency response
vehicle, Fire Tanker, Ambulance, Collapse
response equipment equipment and PPEs equipment and PPEs to
Structure Equipment, Rescue and Response
and PPEs to to combat man-made combat man-made and
vehicle, heavy equipment, Automated Province- LGU,PPDO/P
combat man-made and natural disasters natural disasters 2020-2028 EO
External Defribillator (AED), rescue and wide
and natural (i.e.pandemic like (i.e.pandemic like
response equipment etc.
disasters COVID-19) COVID-19) within the
•Purchase of Personal Protective Equipment
(i.e.pandemic like planning period
(PPEs)
COVID-19)
STRATEGIES/
POLICY ACTIONS
Lack of rescue, To purchase rescue, 100% of rescue, Policy support for the •Purchase of Disaster Rescue and
response equipment response equipment for response equipment for purchased of rescue, Response Vehicle/Equipment & Supplies
for disaster disaster operations per disaster operations per response equipment for -Patient Transport Vehicle
Province- PDRRMC/
operations per hazard hazard purchased within disaster operations per -Rescue Vehicles with accessories 2020-2028
wide O
hazard the planning period hazard -Rescue operations equipment e.g
rescue ropes, carabiners, extrication
devices etc.
Lack of standard- To provide standard- 100% of standard-based Policy support for the
based relief shelters based relief shelters relief shelters and purchase of standard-
•Provision of Emergency Shelter Kit Province- PDRRMC/
and temporary and temporary shelterstemporary shelters based relief shelters and 2020-2028
Assistance to disaster affected families wide O
shelters provided within the temporary shelters
planning period
Inadequate delivery To deliver psychosocial 100% of psychosocial Policy support for •Crafting of MOA/MOU to Psychological
of psychosocial programs for the programs for the families psychosocial programs for Support Groups/Volunteers
programs families affected by affected by disasters and the families affected by Province- PDRRMO,
•Conduct of Psychological First Aid 2020-2028
disasters and pandemic delivered disasters and pandemic wide PSWDO
Training to affected
pandemic within the planning period communities/Individuals
Limited To disseminate 100% of advisories to Policy support for the
•Conduct of Training on Emergency
dissemination of advisories to community-based advisories to community-
Operations Center
advisories to community-based monitoring and real-time based monitoring and real-
•Conduct of Training on Early Warning Province-
community-based monitoring and real- reporting of incidents fully time reporting of incidents 2020-2028 PDRRMO
systems wide
monitoring and real- time reporting of disseminated within the
•Updating and Review of Early Warning
time reporting of incidents planning period
System Plan of the province
incidents
Lack of Capacity to To conduct trainings on 100% of trainings on Policy support for trainings •Conduct of Training of basic and
conduct SRR SRR Operations SRR Operations on SRR Operations Advance Search and Rescue Training for
Operations conducted within the SAR Teams and Disaster Emergency Province- PDRRMO,
2020-2028
planning period Response Volunteers wide OCD
•Conduct of Regular/Quarterly Drills and
Simulation Exercises
Lack of temporary To provide programs 100% of the programs for Policy support for the
Livelihood and for temporary temporary Livelihood and programs for temporary
Income generating Livelihood and Income Income generating Livelihood and Income
projects for the generating projects for projects for the generating projects for the •Food for Work Program Province-

2020-2028 PDRRMO
communities the communities communities affected by communities affected by •Cash for Work Program wide
affected by affected by disasters disasters and pandemic disasters and pandemic
disasters and and pandemic provided within the
| 5-98
pandemic planning period
STRATEGIES/
POLICY ACTIONS
Rehabilitation & Recovery:
Lack of standard To fully-equipped Provision of facilities and Improved and Conduct psycho-social trainings for the
facilities and and provide adequate equipment within the Functional Provincial trainors
equipment of the man-power to planning period Emergency Operations Provision of Cash for Work and Food for LGU,
Provincial Emergency Provincial Emergency Center Work Program Province- PDRRMO,
2020-2028
Operations Center Operations Center Conduct of Relief Assistance and wide PSWDO,
Emergency Cash Assistance PPO
Conduct of Psychological First Aid
Assistance to affected communities
Inadequate resilient To construct resilient 100% of resilient Appropriation
infrastructures and infrastructures and infrastructures and damage Ordinance Construction of Flood Control Infra, Lined Province- PDRRMC/
2020-2028
damaged damage infrastructures constructed Canal & Bridges wide PEO
infrastructure infrastructures within the planning period
Poor and limited To provide access of 100% of communities Appropriation Risk Financing Project to affected
access of communities to risk provided access to risk Ordinance farmers and livestock growers
PDRRMC/
communities to risk financing schemes financing schemes within the •Financial Assistance for insurance to Province-
2020-2028 PVET/

financing schemes planning period crops and livestocks wide
OPAG
•Cash Assistance to damage to crops
•Purchase of medicines
Low quality of To repair and rehab 100% of damaged Appropriation
infrastructures that damaged infrastructures that posed Ordinance
Repair and Rehabilitation of Damaged Province- PDRRMO/
posed high risk to infrastructures that high risk to communities 2020-2028
Infrastructures wide PEO
communities posed high risk to repaired and rehabilitated
communities within the planning period
Damage of critical To provide 100% of the affected families Appropriation
infrastructure brought assistance to assisted within the planning Ordinance
about by disaster damaged critical period
which caused infrastructure brought PDRRMC/
Provision of Emergency Shelter Kits Province-
displacement of about by disaster 2020-2028 O/
Assistance to disaster affected families wide
affected which caused PSWDO
families/communities displacement of
affected
families/communities
STRATEGIES/
POLICY ACTIONS
Insufficient goods that To provide goods that 100% of goods that will address Appropriation
will address the basic will address the basic the basic needs of the victims of Ordinance PDRRMC/
Provision of Relief Assistance to disaster Province-
needs of the victims needs of the victims emergencies/disasters provided 2020-2028 O/
affected families wide
of emergencies of emergencies/ within the planning period PSWDO
/disasters disasters
Inadequate support to To provide support to 100% of DRR-CCA intervention Appropriation
DRR-CCA DRR-CCA programs to reduce exposure of Ordinance
intervention programs intervention programs vulnerable families and Food for Work Program Province- PDRRMC/
2020-2028
to reduce exposure of to reduce exposure of communities provided within the Cash for Work Program wide O
vulnerable families vulnerable families planning period
and communities and communities
Insufficient To provide 100% of equipment, knowledge Appropriation Functionality and Equipage in the
equipment, equipment, and skills provided for IMT to Ordinance activation of Emergency Operations
Province- PDRRMC/
knowledge and skills knowledge and skills respond to emergencies within Center and ICS during significant 2020-2028
wide O
of the IMT to respond for IMT to respond to the panning period events/incidents and other unanticipated
to emergencies emergencies DRR-CCA activities (i.e. pandemics)
Table 5.6.2 CCA Programs, Projects and Activities 2020-2028

V. Sub-sector: Climate Change Adaptation
Goal: Adaptive and Resilient Communities to Economic, Social, Physical and Environmental Impacts of Climate Change
STRATEGIES/
POLICY ACTIONS
Food Security & Sufficiency
Limited Climate Change To establish CC Within the planning period, Crop zoning. Adoption of Climate smart technology for
(CC) Systems for the resiliency of agriculture, crop zoning policies, i.e., Organic Code of the crop production. Support to
PDRRMO,
resiliency of agriculture, fishery and livestock would be included in ZO Province among the organic farming activities.
OPAG,
fishery and livestock and and poultry production C/MLGUs. Organization 2020-2028 Province-wide
PEMO
poultry production and and distribution of Organic farming
PPDO
distribution ensuring food practitioners.
security of the province
Limited Climate-change To provide Climate- 100% of Climate-change Appropriation Ordinance Food Security Development
systems for resiliency of change systems for systems for resiliency of Program
agriculture. Fishery and resiliency of agriculture. agriculture, fishery, •Purchase of Agri Farm
PDRRMC/P

livestock and poultry Fishery and livestock livestock and poultry Inputs 2020-2028 Province-wide
VET/OPAG
ensuring food security of and poultry ensuring ensuring food security of •Purchase of Multivitamins
the province food security of the the province provided for Livestocks
province within the planning period •Conduct of IEC Activities
| 5-100
STRATEGIES/
POLICY ACTIONS
Water Sufficiency
Limited access to potable, To provide access to Within the planning period, Protection/conservation Protection of spring
PDRRMO,
safe and affordable water potable, safe and policies/ordinance crafted of spring water sources sources/strict protection zone
2020-2028 Province-wide OPAG,PEM
supply affordable water supply in support to safe, through policies
O PPDO
affordable potable water /ordinance
Limited access to potable To provide access to 100% of potable and safe Appropriation Ordinance Water Supply Development
and safe water supply in potable & safe water water supply in hazard Management Program
PDRRMC/P
hazard prone areas supply in hazard prone prone areas are provided •Ram Pump Project 2020-2028 Province-wide
PDO/OPAG
areas within the planning period •Small Impounding Projects
•Gravity Irrigation Project
Environment & Ecological Stability
Denuded forests and To fully rehabilitate and 100% of the denuded Policy support for the full Tree growing programs
protected areas protect denuded forests forests and protected areas rehabilitation and PDRRMO,
and protected areas are fully rehabilitated within protection of denuded 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAG,PEM
the planning period forests and protected O PPDO
areas
Human Security

Limited capability on the To fully deliver the 100% of the programs on Policy support for IEC IECs on CC health risks.
delivery systems of health programs on health health and social protection activities on CC Provision of health services
PDRRMO,
and social protection to and social protection that are responsive to
2020-2028 Province-wide OPAG,PEM
climate change risk that are responsive to climate change risk are
O PPDO
climate change risk fully delivered within the
planning period
Most human settlements To advocate for climate 100% of climate change Policy support on the Support to Zoning Officials to
and services are not change resilient human resilient human settlements implementation of implement Zoning
climate change resilient settlements and and services advocacies CLUP/ZO among the Ordinances PDRRMO,
services are implemented within the C/MLGUs. 2020-2028 Province-wide OPAG,PEM
planning period O PPDO
No build zone for
(flood/landslide/fault line)
STRATEGIES/
CORE ISSUES OBJECTIVE TARGETS POLICY PPAS TIMEFRAME LOCATION AGENCY
ACTIONS
Limited capacity and To enhance the 100% of health-care Appropriation Health Management and Protection
capability on delivery capacity and providers on delivery Ordinance Program
systems on health and capability of health- systems on health •Construction of Waste Water
social protection to care providers on and social protection Treatment Facility
climate change risk delivery systems on to climate change risk •Purchase of Fogging and Misting
health and social capacitated Machine with chemicals PDRRMC/
protection to climate •Conduct of Training/ IEC 2020-2028 Province-wide IPHO/PE
change risk Campaign MO
•Medical, Hospitalization and Burial
Assistance to Victims
•Purchase of Medicines and

laboratory supplies
•Purchase of Equipment etc.
Climate Smart Industries & Services
Lack of mechanisms to To advocate and 100% of policies that Incentives to Program for Tax holiday/incentives 2020-2028 Province-wide PDRRMO,
promote climate-smart formulate policies would provide for the industries that OPAG,PE
industries and services that would provide mechanisms to promote climate MO PPDO
for the mechanisms promote climate- smart industries
to promote climate- smart industries and
smart industries and services advocated
services within the planning
period
Sustainable Energy
Inadequate capacity of To advocate and 100% of sustainable Coordination with Proposals for renewable energy 2020-2028 Province-wide PDRRMO,
LGUs for sustainable and provide sustainable and renewable energy funders of programs OPAG,PE
renewable energy and renewable to off-grid renewable energy Sustainable Energy Development MO PPDO
programs energy to off-grid communities are projects Program
communities provided within the •IEC on green transportation
planning period Project (use of eco-friendly fuel)
advocacy
•Provision of Technical and
Financial Assistance for the
conduct of Training on the

conversion of Methane gas to
Energy in SLF
| 5-102
STRATEGIES/
CORE ISSUES OBJECTIVE TARGETS POLICY PPAS TIMEFRAME LOCATION AGENCY
ACTIONS
Knowledge and Capacity Development
Limited knowledge and To enhance 100% of knowledge Policy support to Train PEO/CEO/MEO for structural 2020-2028 Province-wide PDRRMO,
skills on disaster resilient knowledge and and capacity of program on engineering/climate smart OPAG,PE
structural engineering capacity of architects and knowledge and buildings/structure MO PPDO
architects and engineers in capacity of
engineers in building CC architects and GIS-based planning, resource
building CC adaptive and engineers in inventory, and mapping for local
adaptive and resilient building CC resiliency (PRIME) Program
resilient infrastructures are adaptive and
infrastructures enhanced within the resilient
planning period infrastructures
Limited participation of the To increase 100% of the Policy support to IECs Programs 2020-2028 Province-wide PDRRMO,
community on Climate advocacy on CC advocacy on CC the advocacy on CC OPAG,PE
Change (CC) issues issues through issues through issues through MO PPDO
increase IECs increased IECs are increased IECs
implemented within
the planning period

Provincial Planning and Development Office
Development Research, Planning, and Programming Division
Email Address: socotppdo.ppd@gmail.com
Telefax/Telephone No.: 228-3102

0 Drrcca-Enhanced PDPFP 2020-2028

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

0 Drrcca-Enhanced PDPFP 2020-2028

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DRR/CCA-ENHANCED

TECHNICAL REVIEW/ ATTY. RHONALYN C. GALLEGO, CAO / APPDC-Designate

LAND USE AND JENNIFER C. BRETAÑA, ENP, MSRDP, MPA, PPDC

GIS SPECIALISTS WENNIE C. MONTINO, MTRM, Planning Officer I

GRAPHIC ARTISTS HONEYLETE B. BATISANAN, Draftsman II

LAYOUT ARTIST & TYPESETTER RIO ANN T. PADRONES, Administrative Aide IV

ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT DELIA B. BASTARECHE, Statistician I

COORDINATING PARTNERS NATIONAL LINE AGENCIES, PROVINCIAL DISASTER RISK

PROJECT TECHNICAL PARTNERS NEDA XII, PHIVOLCS

The plan is organized into five (5) Chapters:

MESSAGE OF THE GOVERNOR

The Provincial Development and Physical Framework

I would like to extend my warmest congratulations to the members of the Provincial

South Cotabato, Angat Ka Sa Lahat!

REYNALDO S. TAMAYO, JR.

MESSAGE OF THE VICE GOVERNOR

The Provincial Development and Physical Framework

As Vice Governor, I am equally proud, together with the

Mabuhay, South Cotabato!

Republic Act 9729, otherwise known as the Climate Change Act

Congratulations to the Provincial Government of South Cotabato!

TERESITA SOCORRO C. RAMOS

Chapter 2: The Planning Environment

Chapter 3: Vision and Mission

Chapter 4: The Physical Framework and Land Use Plan

Chapter 5: Sectoral Development Plans

• Derive the overall vision for the province;

I. THE PLANNING ENVIRONMENT

A. Location, Land Area and Political Subdivision

Norala 194.40 14 38 3rd class municipality

C. Population and Settlements

City/Municipality Total Population % Share AGPR 2010-2015 Doubling Time

Table 3.Total Population and Estimated Urban-Rural Population by City/Municipality

Figure1. Age-Sex Pyramid of Household Population, South Cotabato (2015)

80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 20,000 40,000 60,000

Table 4. Existing Hierarchy of Settlements and Functional Roles of City/Municipalities, 2018

Levels of Hierarchy Functional Roles City/Municipality

• Provincial and Regional Administrative capital or seat of

E. Income, Employment, Poverty and Access to Social Services

Source: PSA XII, 2018

F. Technical Infrastructure and Utilities

Transportation, Access and Circulation

Information and Communications Technology Infrastructure

G. Natural Resources and Environment Management

Watersheds, Protected Areas and Wildlife

The watershed areas in South Cotabato alone cover an approximate areaof273,583.79hectares

Mining Operations and Mining Areas of the Province

As an overall climate change projection, South Cotabato is going to be warmer (temperature

II. EXISTING LAND USE AND PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK

Existing and Proposed Functional Roles

Table 7. Existing Hierarchy of Settlements and Functional Roles of City/Municipalities, 2018

Existing Land Use

III. THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK AND LAND USE PLAN

B. Spatial Development Framework

Development Thrust: Sustainable Integrated Rural-Urban Development (SIRUD)

• Planning the province as a Micro-region where it is viewed as a cluster of settlements smaller

To achieve polarization reversal through Sustainable Integrated Rural-Urban Development,

Spatial Development Strategy

Decentralized concentration through cluster development in the perspective of “micro-regions”

Overall Spatial Framework

a. Green Infrastructure Network

b. Growth Cluster Development

Norala-Sto. Niño-Tantangan Rice Growth Cluster