Cataloging Notes

DEVELOPMENT OF CATALOGING CODES
Cataloging Codes prepared by individuals and on description and name and title access
1. Anthony Panizzi – keeper of the Printed Books at the British Museum, constructed a set of rules
for that institution that was published in 1841. This set of rules referred to as Panizzi’s 91 Rules,
was the first major modern statement of principles underlying cataloging rules
2. Charles C. Jewett – Smithsonian Report on the Construction of Catalogs of Libraries, and Their
Publication by Means of Separate, stereotyped Titles, wirh Rules and Examples (1853). Contains
33 rules largely based on Panizzi’s rules and his discussion of subject headings represent the
earliest attempt at codifying subject headings practice. Jewett was noted for his proposal of
centralized and cooperative cataloging by means of a union catalog
3. Charles A. Cutter – librarian at the Boston Athenaeum also created an important set of rules,
Rules for a Dictionary Catalog. Incorporates rules for subject access (subject headings) and filing
as well as for description for description and title access. After Cutter’s rules for subject headings
two major American lists of subject headings were developed:
3.1 Subject Headings Used in the Dictionary Catalogues of the Library of Congress (1910-14)
3.2 Minnie Earl Sears, List of Subject Headings for Small Libraries (1923)
In addition,
3.3 David Judson Haykin enumerated principles for creating lists in 1951
3.4 LC issued its Manual for applying its subject headings in 1984 (5th ed. 1996)
Rules for descriptive cataloging through groups/committees
4. AA 1908 – American Library Association and (British) Library Association. Catalog Rules: Author
and Title Entries. 1908. First joint effort in developing a cataloging code; but the two groups did
not reach full agreement on all details and the code was published in two editions (American and
British)
5. The Prussian Instructions: Rules for the Alphabetical Catalogs of the Prussian Libraries.
Developed for Prussian libraries. Two major differences: a) prescribes grammatical rather than
mechanical title; for title entries, the entry word is the first grammatically independent word of
the title instead of the first word of the title disregarding an article; b) did not recognize
corporate authorship
6. Vatican Code. Rules for the Catalog of Printed Books. Developed for compiling a general catalog
of printed books in the Vatican. At that time, the most comprehensive and best structured code
at the time, it contains rules for entry, description, subject headings and filing, with ample
examples all throughout
7. ALA ALA Cataloging Rules for Author and Title Entries. (1949)
Library of Congress. Rules for Descriptive Cataloging in the Library of Congress
(1949)
8. Anglo American Cataloging Rules
Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, North American Text. (AACR, prepared by the American
Library Association, the Library of Congress, the (British) Library Association, and the Canadian
Library Association. 1967
Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd edition, prepared by the American Library Association, the
British Library, the Canadian Library Committee on Cataloguing, the (British) Library Association,
and the Library of Congress, ed. by Michael Gorman and Paul W. Winkler. 1978
Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition, 1988 Revisions, prepared by the Joint
Steering Committee for Revision of AACR, ed. by Michael Gorman and Paul W. Winkler. 1988.
Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition, 1998 Revisions, prepared under the direction
of the Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR. 1998
Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition, 2002 Revisions, prepared under the direction
of the Joint Steering Committee for Revision of AACR. 2002
International Standard Bibliographic Description

International Federation of Library Associations – established the application of standards of
bibliographic description based on ISBD. ISBD is an internationally accepted format for the
representation of descriptive information in bibliographic records. ISBD:
1) facilitates the international exchange of bibliographic information by standardizing elements to
be used in the bibliographic description,
2) assigning an order to these elements in the entry and
3) specifying a system of symbols to be used in punctuating these elements.
2
The ISBDs developed so far:

1. ISBD (A) – ISBD for Older Monographic Publications (Antiquarian)
2. ISBD (ER) – ISBD for Electronic Resources
3. ISBD (CM) – ISBD for Cartographic Materials
4. ISBD (G) – General
5. ISBD (M) – ISBD for Monographic Materials
6. ISBD (NBM) – ISBD for Nonbook Materials
7. ISBD (PM) – ISBD for Printed Music
8. ISBD (S) – ISBD for Serials
Parts of the book
In order to identify the elements of a book so that they can be described, it is necessary to know
not only what to look for but also how to look. Every cataloger must know how to read a book technically
so that he can quickly determine what the book is about.
Book jacket or dust jacket

Publisher’s blurb
Binding
Spine
Endpapers: Verso; recto.
Half title page
Frontispiece
Title page
Copyright page
Preface
Table of contents
List of illustrations
Introduction
Body of the text
Appendix
Bibliography
Glossary
Not all books have all the parts which have been discussed, or do the parts always follow the order given
in the preceding paragraphs.
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ORGANIZATION OF THE DESCRIPTION
There are specific elements in the descriptive part of the catalog entry that must be included.
These area grouped into areas and must be recorded if they appear on the item being described and in
the following order:
Areas of Description & their Elements Prescribed sources of information

1. Title and statement of responsibility area Title page or its substitute
Title proper
= Parallel title
: Other title information
/ Statement of responsibility
; Subsequent statement of responsibility
2. Edition area Title page, other preliminaries, colophon
. -- Edition statement
/ Statement of responsibility relating to the edition
; Subsequent edition statement
/ Subsequent statement of responsibility relating to
the edition
3. Material specific details
Mathematical and other material specific details Other than atlas: cartographic item itself or
area – formerly Mathematical data area container or case, stand of a globe
(Cartographic materials)
Type and extent of resource area – formerly File Resource itself (title screen main menu,
characteristics area (Electronic resources) program statement, home page, initial
displays of information, file header
Numbering area – formerly Numeric and/or
First issue or part, or lacking this, the earliest
alphabetic, chronological, or other designation area available issue or part
(Continuing resources – Serials)
Musical presentation area – Printed music Title page or title page substitute
4. Publication, distribution, etc. Title page, other preliminaries, colophon
. -- Place of publication, distribution, etc.
; Subsequent place of publication
: Publisher, distributor, etc.
, Date of publication (Place of manufacture, date of
manufacture)
5. Physical description The whole publication
. – Number of volumes and/or pagination
: Illustrative material
; Dimensions
+ Accompanying materials
6. Series The whole publication
. -- (Title proper of series
= Parallel title of series
: Other title information of series
/ Statement of responsibility relating to the series
, ISSN of series
; Numbering within series
. Subseries
/ Statement of responsibility relating to subseries
, ISSN of subseries
; numbering within subseries
7. Note(s) Any source
. -- Note (each succeeding note is contained in a
paragraph and ends with a full stop)
8. Standard number & terms of availability Any source
. --Standard number
= Key title
: Terms of availability
GENERAL RULES
PUNCTUATION. The punctuation marks used in the description of a document are the most distinctive
features. These are used to mark areas and elements of description. These are intended to help in their
identification both in bibliographic record scanned by the human eye and in those scanned by machine.
The punctuation mark precedes or introduces the data which follows it.
Dash (typewritten and some computer-printed descriptions that cannot produce a long dash
frequently use two hyphens in its place)
Diagonal slash (Slash)
Ellipses (Mark of omission)
Equals sign
Full stop (Period)
Hyphen -
Parentheses
Plus sign
Semicolon
Space
4
Square brackets
If an area or element is not present in the item being described, its prescribed punctuation is omitted.
LEVELS OF DESCRIPTION
First level. This level contains minimal bibliographic information and is intended for minor items and
for entries in catalogs with a policy of minimum description. The following schematic illustration shows
the bibliographic elements to be included. Note that the block layout is used in the illustration
Title proper / first statement of responsibility, if different

from main entry heading or if there is no main entry heading
. – Edition statement. – Material (or type of publication)
specific details. – First publisher, date of publication. –
Extent of item. – Note(s). – Standard number and terms of
availability.
Howden, Norman.
Local area networking for the small library. –
2nd ed. – Neal-Schuman, c1997. – vii, 145 p.
– Includes bibliographical references and index.
– ISBN 1-55570-285-6.
Second level. This level is intended for the standard range of items found in the library for entries in
catalogs with a policy of standard description. The following illustration shows the elements to be
included. Note that the paragraph layout is used.
Title proper [general material designation] = parallel title :

other title information / first statement of responsibility ;
each subsequent statement of responsibility. – Edition
statement / first statement of responsibility relating to the
edition. – Material (or type of publication specific details)
. – First place of publication, etc. : first publisher, etc., date
of publication.
Extent of item : other physical details ;dimensions. –
(Title proper of series / statement of responsibility relating to
series, ISSN of series ; numbering within the series. Title of
subseries, ISSN of subseries ; numbering within the subseries).
Note(s).
Standard number and terms of availability
Howden, Norman.
Local area networking for the small library : a how-
to-do-it manual / Norman Howden. -- 2nd ed. Neal-
Schuman, c1997.
vii, 145 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. (How-to-do-it manuals for
librarians ; no. 67)
Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 1-55570-285-6.
Third level. This level represents the full description and is recommended for items which, in the
context of the catalog, are considered to be important and rare. All elements set forth in the rules which
are applicable to the item being described are included.
LANGUAGE AND SCRIPT OF THE DESCRIPTION. The title and statement of responsibility, edition,
publication, distribution, etc., and series areas are to be transcribed in the language and script of the
item being described.
CHIEF SOURCE OF INFORMATION. Chief source of information is defined as the source of bibliographic
data to be given first preference as the source from which a bibliographic description (or portion thereof)
is prepared. For printed monographs, the chief source of information is the title page.
2.1 TITLE AND STATEMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY AREA (MARC 21 Field 245)
This area includes such elements as the title proper (including the alternative title), other title
information, first statement of responsibility and each subsequent statement of responsibility, if there are
any. Title and statement of responsibility information should be taken from the chief source of
information, the title page. If a book has no title page, the cover, half-title page, caption, colophon, or
running title may be used as a substitute; preference should be given to the source with the most
complete information. A note is made if a substitute has been used for the title page.
If title information is spread over two facing pages without repetition, it is transcribed as if it were
found on one page.
2.1B Title Proper
2.1B1. Transcribe the title proper exactly as to the wording, order, and spelling, but not necessarily as
to punctuation and capitalization. Give accentuation and other diacritical marks that are present in the
chief source of information. An exclamation point, or a question mark occurring as part of ta title proper
5
will be retained. Except for extremely long titles, do not omit any words. Do not abbreviate or correct
the spelling of any words.
Inaccuracies such as mispelled words, missing letters, are transcribed as they appear on the title
page, followed either by [sic] or by the abbreviation i.e., and the correction within square brackets.
Five filmwakers may be transcribed as: Five filmwakers [sic]

Five filmwakers [i.e., filmmakers]
The cataloger is allowed to make corrections and such should be always enclosed in square brackets.
The alternative title is part of the title proper.
Seven lenses, or, Environmental principles as if

adults mattered / by Angelina P. Galang. --
Manila : Bookmark,
If the title proper includes the punctuation marks square brackets [ ] or ellipses ..., the
punctuation marks are changed to parentheses for square brackets and hyphen for ellipses. However,
an exclamation point or a question mark occurring as part of the title proper will be retained.
Title page: A Doré Treasury ...

A Collection of the Best Engravings of
Gustave Doré
Doré, Gustave.
A Doré treasury -- a collection of the best engravings
of Gustave Doré / edited and with an introduction by
James Stevens. -- New York : Bounty, c1970.
ix, 246 p. ; chiefly ill. ; 32 cm.
Anderson, Mary.
I’m nobody! Who are you? / Mary Anderson.
New York : Atheneum, 1974.
215 p. ; 22 cm.
ISBN 0-689-30128-6
2.1B2. If the title proper includes a statement of responsibility or the name of a publisher, etc.,
and the statement or name is an integral part of the item, transcribe it as part of the title proper.
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins.

The living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman : an
Autobiography / by Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Foreword by Zona Gale. -- New York : Appleton-
Century, 1935.
xxxviii, 341 p., [7] leaves of plates : ill. ;
22 cm.
2.1B3. If the title proper consists solely of the name of a person or body responsible for
the item, transcribe such a name as the title proper.
Lorenzo M. Tañada /
Bank of the Philippine Islands /
2.1B4 A lengthy other title information can be abridged, only if this can be done without loss of
essential information. Never omit the first five words (except the alternative title). Indicate omissions
by ellipses.
Ang bulkang taal : isang paglalarawang pasalaysay ng bulkan … /
Other title information dropped to note area

Schulz, Charles M.
How long, Great Pumpkin, how long? / by Charles M.
Schulz. -- New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston,
1977.
1v. (unpaged) : all ill. ; 26 cm. -- (Peanuts parade
paperbacks ; 16)
Subtitle: Cartoons from You’re the guest of honor,

Charlie Brown, and, Win a few, lose a few, Charlie
Brown.
2.1B6. If a title proper includes separate letters or initials without full stops between them, record
such letters without spaces between them.
PAARL directory /
The speeches of C.P. Garcia /
6
2.1B7. If the title proper is taken from outside the chief source of information or its substitute
give a brief descriptive title and enclose in square brackets and give the source of the title in a note.
[Ang magbubukid]
In the Note area: Title supplied by the cataloger.
2.1B9. If the title proper of a supplement or section of an item appears in two or more parts
grammatically linked, record the title of the main work first, followed by the title or the supplementary
item or section in order of their dependence. Separate the parts of the title proper by full stops.
Philippine librarianship survey. Supplement.

Arithmetic. Part one.
2.1B10. If a collective title and title of individual works is indicated on the chief source of
information, the collective title is transcribed as the title proper. Individual titles are omitted in the title
and statement of responsibility area and listed instead as contents note.
Making humans : complete texts with an introduction,

Historical contexts, critical essays / edited by Judith
Wilt. -- Boston : Houghton Mifflin, c2003.
viii,359 p. : ill. ; 21 cm.
Includes bibliographical references [p. 358-359].

Contents: Frankenstein / Mary Shelley -- The island
of Dr. Moreau / H.G. Wells.
ISBN 0-61808-489-4
For titles of individual works without a collective title appearing in the chief source of information,
transcribe the work that is the predominant part as the title proper and name the other work in a
contents note. If no one work predominates, describe the item as a unit, transcribing the title of the
individual title works in the order in which they appear in the chief source of information. Separate the
titles of the work by semicolons if the works are all by the same author. If the individual works are by
different authors, follow the title of each work by the statement of responsibility, separating the groups of
data with a full stop followed by two spaces.
Hemingway, Ernest.
For whom the bell tolls ; The snows of Kilimanjaro ; Fiesta ; The short
happy life of Francis Macomber ; Across the river and into the tress ;
The old man and the sea / Ernest Hemingway.
De Guzman, M.
The sacadas / M. de Guzman. The agrarian reform / Jose Reyes.
2.1D Parallel Title.
Sometimes the chief source of information shows a repetition of the title proper in other
languages. If this is the case, the first title is usually regarded as the title proper of the item.
Succeeding repetitions of this title in the other languages are usually regarded as parallel titles. Parallel
titles are separated from the title proper and from one another by space-equals-sign-space.
The Philippines into the 21st century : future scenarios

for governance, democracy and development, 1998-2025
= Ang Pilipinas tungo sa ika-21 dantaon : pangkinabukasang
senaryo para sa pamamahala, demokrasya at kaunlaran,
1998-2025 / by Jose V. Abueva … [et al.]. Quezon City :
University of the Philippines Press, 1998. (Pamana, U.P.
Anthology of Filipino socio-political thought since 1872)
xviii, 216 p. ; 26 cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [173]-196) and index.

ISBN 971-5422-10-1 : P450.00
Bhagavad Gita = The song of celestial / the Sanskrit text

translated into English verse by Sir Edwin Arnold ; with an
introduction by Sri Prakasa ; illustrated with paintings by
Y.G. Srimati.
2.1E Other Title Information. Other title information refers to any title borne by an item other than
the title proper or parallel titles. It may be any phrase. It is transcribed, as is the title proper, exactly as
to order, wording, and spelling, but (as with the title proper) not necessarily with the capitalization and
punctuation given in the chief source of information. Other title information is separated from the title
proper by space-colon-space.
A catalog entry may contain more than one segment of other title information. Each segment is
preceded by a space-colon-space.
The world’s best books : Homer to Hemingway :

3000 books of 3000 years, 1050 B.C. to 1950 A.D.
7
Philippine librarianship : case studies and reports : a compilation
Other title information that includes a statement of responsibility or if the name of a

publisher, distributor, etc., and the statement or name is an integral part of the other title information,
transcribe it as such.
School librarianship : proceedings of the Seminar-Workshop
on School Librarianship, Manila, June 1-5, 1993
A Doré teasury : a collection of the best engravings of Gustave Doré /
If the title proper is ambiguous and needs explanation, make a brief addition as other title
information, in the language of the title proper.
Trees : [poems]
2.1F Statement of Responsibility
A statement of responsibility is a statement relating to the persons responsible for the intellectual
or artistic content of the item, or to corporate bodies from which the content emanates, or to persons or
corporate bodies responsible for the performance of the content of the item.
2.1F1. Statements of responsibility should be transcribed if they appear prominently on the item and in
the form in which they appear there. If taken from a source other than the chief source of information,
the statement of responsibility should be enclosed in square brackets. Do not construct a statement of
responsibility if none appears “prominently” in the item.
The Myers Demonstration Library : an ESEA

Title III project.
2.1F3. If the statement of responsibility precedes the title proper, transpose it to its proper position in
the entry. However, if such a name is connected grammatically to the title proper, do not transpose it.
In such a case, the statement of responsibility following the slash may consist solely of names of persons
or bodies performing subsidiary functions. Even though it does not include the name of the author, a
statement of responsibility is still to be separated from the title element by a space-slash-space.
Nora Daza’s low-calorie cookbook : with season-by-

season diet menus / illustrations by Josie Chiong.
2.1F5. If there is more than one statement of responsibility the names will be recorded in the order
in which they appear in the chief source, if there are not more than three. If four or more perform the
same function all but the first will be omitted. (This holds true for those performing subsidiary functions
as well as persons or bodies having primary responsibility for the work.)
Statement of responsibility – omissions
Anglo-American cataloging rules : North American

Text / prepared by the American Library Association
... [et al.] ; general editor, C. Sumner Spalding.
2.1F6. A statement of responsibility for mixed authorship is transcribed by giving them in the
order indicated by their sequence on, layout of, the chief source of information.
Issues on agrarian reform in the Philippines /

by Angelo Pascual ; edited by Cesar Piñol ;
illustrated by Mauro Sanchez.
2.1F7. Statement of responsibility for persons with title of honor and distinction, initials of
societies, etc., are included only if:
a. the title is necessary grammatically

/ prologo del Dr. Juan Vicente Ramirez.
(title necessary grammatically following “del”)
b. the omission would leave only a person’s given name or surname

/ by Dr. Fernandez
/ by Rev. Burgos
c. the title is necessary to identify a person

/ by Mrs. Fidel V. Ramos
d. the titles of nobility or British titles of honor (Sir, Dame, Lord, Lady)
/ Sir Walter Scott.
/ by His Royal Highness the Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, K.G.
Words indicating relationship (junior, filho, etc.) are also included in the statement of
responsibility when they appear in the chief source of information.
Other than the exceptions noted above, titles are omitted from names of persons in statements
of responsibility. It is particularly necessary to exercise caution when dealing with religious titles. If the
person’s name includes a surname and a forename, omit titles. Religious titles such as “cardinal,”
“bishop,” “brother,” and “father,” will be omitted if the person’s name includes a surname and forename.
8
Likewise, initials for the religious order to which the individual belongs will be omitted when the name
includes a surname and forename.
2.1F8. Additions to statement of responsibility may be made only if the statement of responsibility as it
appears in the source is not clear, or perhaps misleading. A word or a short phrase may be added to
clarify it.
/ [selected] by Arnold Arnold.
/ [compiled] by Harry Miller.
2.1F12. A noun phrase occurring in conjunction with a statement of responsibility, is treated as other
title information if it is indicative of the role of the person(s) or body (bodies) or of the nature of the
work.
/ dramatized adaptations by Patricio Mariano.

/ research and text by Steve Jones (Title page reads: Practical Art Criticism
research and text
by Steve Jones
If, in addition to the author’s name appearing in the title, the name also appears in a separate
statement of responsibility in the chief source of information, this is transcribed.
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins.

The living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman : an
Autobiography / by Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Foreword by Zona Gale. -- New York : Appleton-
Century, 1935.
2.1G. Items without a collective title
2.1G1. If, in an item without a collective title, one work is the predominant part, treat the title of
that work as the title proper and name the other parts in a note.
The cultural construction of sexuality / by Pat
Coplan.
Note: Contents: Sex and gender / James A. Doyle –

Real and imagined women / Rajeswari Sunder Rajan.
2.1G2. If no one predominates, all are recorded in the title and statement of responsibility as follows:
The cultural construction of sexuality / by Pat
Coplan. Sex and gender / James A. Doyle. Real
and imagined women / Rajeswari Sunder Rajan.
2.1G3. If a title page lacks a collective title, record each of the titles in the order in which they are
given. Separate the titles by semicolons, even if they are joined by a connecting word or phrase. If the
separate parts are by different authors, give each title with its statement of responsibility.
Feats on the fjord ; and, Merdhin / by Harriet Martineau.
Cataloging and classification / by Maurice F. Tauber.

Subject headings / by Carlyle J. Frarey
2.2. EDITION AREA
An edition may be defined as being “one of the differing forms in which a work is published, e.g.,
as applied to text, original, revised, enlarged, corrected, etc.; as applied to format: de luxe, library,
paperbounmd, large-paper, illustrated, etc. In the case of nonbooks, edition refers to all copies of an
item produced from one master copy and issued by a particular publishing agency or a group of such
agencies.
The cataloger is required to include the edition statement as found, but a statement such as “35th
impression” or “19th printing” may be ignored, since it usually simply means that more copies of the work
have been made. Such a statement would only be recorded if the cataloger know that there was some
significant difference, either in content or format, between one printing or impression and another. In
case of doubt, if a statement appears to be an edition statement, record it in the edition area.
Beginning in the edition area, abbreviations should be used when the word is found in AACR2R
Appendix B (Abbreviations). Numbers written as words or as roman numerals are to be transcribed as
arabic numerals, following directions in AACR2R Appendix C (Numerals).
2.2B1. Transcribe the edition statement in the language and script of the title proper.
Revised and corrected second edition will be -- Rev. And corr. 2nd ed. –
Second edition, revised and corrected will be -- 2nd ed., rev. and corr. –
Ika-Dalawang edisyon will be -- ika-2 ed.
Ikatlong edisyon will be -- 3 ed.
2.2B2. If the edition statement consists of a letter or letters and/or a number or numbers without
accompanying words, add an appropriate word or abbreviation. 3e [ed.]
9
2.2B6. If an item lacking a collective title contains one or more works with an associated statement,
record such following the titles and statements of responsibility to which they relate, separated from
them by a full stop.
Culture / Chris Jenks. New ed. Surveying public
Opinion / Sondra Miller Rubinstein. Museum culture /
Irish Rogoff, editor
2.2C. A statement of responsibility relating to the edition may follow an edition statement.; it may be a
revisor, an illustrator, or someone who has performed some other function just for the particular edition
on hand. If this is the case, such a statement of responsibility will be transcribed, following space-slash-
space, as part of the edition area. In transcribing this statement of responsibility, follow all applicable
rules for transcription, punctuation, spacing, etc. No abbreviations may be used.
Personnel administration in libraries / by
Kathleen B. Stebbins. – 2nd ed. / revised and
largely rewritten by Foster E. Mahorhardt.
If an item does not include an edition statement, information about revision, etc., of the text will
form part of the title and statement of responsibility area.
Bright’s Anglo-Saxon reader / revised and enlarged
by James R. Hulbert.
2.4 PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC., AREA
This area is used to record all information about the place, name and date of all types of
publishing, distributing, releasing, and issuing activities. This area used to be known as the “imprint.”
Information relating to the manufacture of the item is also recorded in this area.
2.4C. Place of publication, distribution, etc.
2.4C1. Transcribe the name of places, persons, or bodies as they appear in the item. That is, if the
chief source of information gives “Firenze,” do not translate it to “Florence.”
2.4C2. However, if the place as transcribed seems likely to be obscure to library users, you may, at your
discretion, add a more familiar form in brackets.
Lerpwl [Liverpool]
Additions to place names refer to the adding of the name of the larger jurisdiction (country, state,
province, etc.) to the name of the city of publication, “if it is considered necessary for identification, or if
it is considered necessary to distinguish the place from others of the same name.” It is left to the
judgment of the cataloger whether the larger jurisdiction should be transcribed after the name of the
place. However, LC has interpreted the rule to indicate that the cataloger will always transcribe the name
of the larger jurisdiction (using abbreviations from Appendix B) whenever it appears with the name of the
city in the prescribed source of information, regardless of whether it is well known or not. Thus, if the
source gives New York. New York, as the place, the cataloger will transcribe New York, N.Y.
2.4C3. If the name of the larger jurisdiction does not appear together with the place of publication in
the source from which transcription is made and if the city is not well known, the larger jurisdiction
should be added in square brackets by the cataloger.
. -- Carmen, Bohol : (town and province appear on the title page)
. -- Carmen, [Bohol] : (only town appears on the title page)
. – Santiago [Chile]
. – Santiago [Cuba]
. -- Chicago, Ill.
. -- Tolworth, England
2.4C4. Abbreviated forms are given as they appear in the prescribed source but the full form or
complete name may be added in brackets. Rio [de Janeiro]
2.4C5. If there are two or more places of publication, the cataloger normally transcribes only the
first names place from the prescribed source for the publication area. If there are two or more places of
publication and one of the latter places is in the home country of the cataloging agency, give also the
place after the first named place of publication. Cataloging agency in the Philippines: New York ; Manila :
Other ways of recording place include:

. -- [Manila] Probable place
. -- [Manila?] Probable place not certain
. -- [S.l.] No place or probable place
. -- Manila (25 Raon St.) Optional addition; do not add full address for major trade
publishers
2.4D. Name of Publisher, Distributor, Etc., Area
2.4D1. Give the name of the publisher, distributor, etc., following the place of publication to which it
relates.
New York : McGraw-Hill,
Diliman, Quezon City : University of the Philippines Press,
10
2.4D2. Give the name of a publisher, distributor, etc., in the shortest form it can be understood and
identified internationally. The publisher’s name is shortened but not so much that it would duplicate the
name of another publisher. Previous catalog codes gave elaborate guidelines for shortening publishers’
names. The present rules are not as explicit. The cataloger must have a working knowledge of
publishers to know how to distinguish one publisher from another.
A few guidelines can be given:

1. Omit initial article, terms meaning “incorporated,” “limited,” “company,” “Sons, & Sons”
The Canadian Record becomes Canadian Record
Caxton Printers, Ltd. becomes Caxton Priners
Artabras, Inc. becomes Artabras
Dodd, Mead & Co. becomes Dodd, Mead
Charles Scribner’s Sons becomes Scribner
2. Omit words or phrases that show the publisher function

Bindofrd & Mort, Publishers is shortened to Bindford & Mort
3. Unless two or more publishers have the same surname, forenames of well-known publishers
may be omitted entirely
Thomas Y. Crowell Co., Inc. is shortened to Crowell
Franklin Watts, Inc. is shortened to Watts
4. Do not shorten a firm name when the entire name is descriptive of the type of material
produced by the firm or its viewpoint.
Aviation Book Co. is not shortened
Architectural Book Pub. Co. is not shortened
The Feminist Press becomes Feminist Press
Random House, Inc. becomes Random House
(The name is indicative of the founder’s desire to choose titles for publication “at random)
Occasionally the name of the publisher, distributor, etc., is given in the prescribed source in more
than one language. This is particularly likely to be so for bilingual or multilingual books. AACR2R rule
stipulates that the cataloger is to record the form that is in the language of the title proper.
Sometimes the name of the publisher is part of a hierarchy. For commercial publishers only, omit
parts of the hierarchy that are not needed for identification
Beginner Books
A Division of Random House, Inc. transcribed as Beginner Books
2.4D3. Retain words or phrases indicating function (other than solely publishing) performed by the
person or body.
: Distributed to the book trade by Doubleday
: Printed for the University of York by British Film Institute
: Distributed by National Book Store
: Longmans Educational
: Commissioned by the Cultural Center of the Philippines
2.4D4. If an item has two or more publishers, distributors, etc., describe it in terms of the first one
named and the corresponding place. The name of the subsequent publisher, along with its corresponding
place (if different from the place already named) will be given if the two names are linked, as frequently
happens when the first name is that of a distributor, releasing agent, etc, and the second is that of the
publisher.
As with the place of publication, always transcribe the first named publisher. If this publisher
is not in the country of the cataloging agency and a subsequently named publisher is, transcribe both.
London : Dent ; New York : Dutton,
2.4D6. If the publisher is unknown, give “s.n.” (sine nomine, meaning “without name”) in brackets is
transcribed following the place element and before the date.
Manila : [s.n.]
[S.l. : s.n.],
2.4F. Date of Publication, Distribution, Etc.
2.4F1. Give the year of publication, distribution, etc., of the edition, revision, etc., named in the edition
area.
, 2003.
, anno 18 [19390 not , anno XVIII
, 1999 not MCXIX
, 1697 [i.e., 1967] date known to be incorrect; correct date added
The date, the last element in the publication area, is the year of publication, distribution, etc., of “the
edition named in the edition area.” This means the date of the first impression or printing of an edition.
An impression consists of all of the copies of a publication run at one time from set of photographic
plates, type, etc., Frequently, if the publication sells well, the publisher will decide at a later date to run
more copies from the same plates or forms of type. Customarily, a second run of a publication will be
referred to as a “second impression” or “second printing.” This information will usually be printed,
possibly along with a date, on he title page or its verso. Generally speaking succeeding impressions or
11
printings are identical to the first; catalogers treat them as copies of the first impression of that particular
edition. These impression or printing statements are usually ignored in the edition area; they are
likewise ignored in the publication area.
The date in the publication area is limited to the year of publication. Do not transcribe month,
day, etc., even if this information is found on the chief source of information. The date is always
transcribed in arabic numerlas, even if it found in the chief source in roman numerals.
2.4F6. If the dates of publication, distribution, etc., are unknown, give the latest copyright date, or in its
absence, the date of manufacture or printing.
, c2003.
, 1968 printing.
, 1979 pressing.
2.4F7. The publication, distribution, etc., area must always include a date, even if it can only be
conjectural interpolation by the cataloger. All dates taken from other than prescribed sources, whether
derived from the item, reference sources, or the cataloger’s conjecture, must be bracketed. If no date,
copyright date, or date of manufacture can be transcribed from any source, then the cataloger must
guess at the date. In such a case the cataloger’s interpolation is not only enclosed within square
brackets but also displayed as one type of conjecture or another:
[1989] date taken from another source
[1996?] probable date
[ca. 1960] approximate date

[198-] decade certain
[197-?] probable decade
[19--] century certain
[19--?] probable century
If a multi-part or multi-volume item does not appear to be complete, give the earliest date of
whatever parts of the item the library has, followed by a hyphen in the date part of the publication area.
This is called an “open entry.” When the item is finally completed, add the latest date to close the entry.
1986-
1990-1996
The place, name, and date of manufacture will be given only when they are found in the item
and the name of the publisher is not known. [S.l. : s.n.] , 1980 (Manila : Belmonte Printing)
If the original publication details are covered or includes publication details relating to a
reproduction, reissue of reprint, give the publication details of the later publication in this area and give
the publication detials of the original in a note, it they can be ascertained.
Manila : Abiva, 1987.
Reprint. Originally published: New York :

Macmillan, 1976.
2.5 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION AREA
The physical description area includes, as applicable, four elements:

1. the extent of the item and the specific type of material being described;
2. other physical data such as color, type of illustrations, etc.;
3. physical dimensions (size);
4. accompanying materials, if any
2.5B. Number of volumes and/or pagination

2.5B1. Give the number of pages or leaves in accordance with the terminology suggested by the volume.
That is, describe a volume with leaves printed on both sides as pages and leaves printed on only one side
in terms of leaves; and describe a volume that has more than one column to a page and is numbered in
columns in terms of columns. Describe a volume printed without numbering in terms of either leaves or
pages but not of both. If a publication contains sequences of leaves and pages, or pages and numbered
columns, or leaves and numbered columns, record each sequence.
2.5B2. Give the number of pages, leaves, or columns in terms of the numbered or lettered sequences in
the columns. Give the last numbered page, leaf, or column in each sequence and follow it with the
appropriate term or abbreviation.
288 p.
201 leaves
xxvii, 1001 p.
422 columns
50 p., 309 leaves
A-Z p.
Disregard unnumbered sequences especially those of inessential matter like advertising, blank pages, etc.
2.5B5. If the numbering of a sequence changes, e.g., from roman to arabic numerals, ignore the
numbering of the first part of the sequence.
176 p. (pages numbered: i-xvii, 13-76)
2.5B8. For complicated or irregular pagings, give the pagination using one of the following methods:
12
a) give total number of pages or leaves followed by in various pagings or in various foliation;
556 p. in various pagings
b) give the total number of pages or leaves in the main sequences and add the total number, in
square brackets, of the remaining variously paged sequences; 301, [40] p.
c) give 1 v. (various pagings), 1 case, or 1 portfolio, as appropriate.
2.5B9. Leaves or pages of plates. Give the number of leaves or pages of plates at the end of the
sequences of pagination.
246 p., 32 p. of plates
xii, 24 p., [12] leaves of plates
122 folded leaves
230 p., 25 leaves of plages (some folded)
2.5B16. Give the number of volumes in more than one physical volume. 10 v.
2.5B17. If volume is not appropriate, use one of the following: Parts, Pamphlets, Pieces, Cases,
Portfolios.
2.5B18. If the number of bibliographic volumes differs from the number of physical volumes, give the
number of bibliographic volumes followed by in and the number of physical volumes. 8 v. in 4.
2.5C. Illustrative matter

2.5C1. Give ill. For an illustrated printed monograph. Tables containing only words and/or numbers are
not illustrations. Disregard illustrated title pages and minor illustrations. : ill.
2.5C3. Describe colored illustrations (i.e., those in two or more colors) as such.
: col. Ill.
: ill., col. Maps, ports. (some col.)
: ill. (some col.), maps
: ill. (chiefly col.), plans
2.5C5. If the publication consists wholly or predominantly of illustrations, give as: : all ill.
: chiefly maps
2.5D. Dimensions
Refers to the measurement of an item. Give the height of the book in centimeters, to the next whole
centimeter up. ( e.g., if an item measures 17.2 cm., give 18 c,.) Measure the height of the binding if the
volume is bound. If the item measures less than 10 centimeters, give the height in millimeters
20 cm. (book measures 19.4 cm.)
288 p. : col. Ill. ; 24 cm.
2.5E. Accompanying Material

Refers to an item that is distinct from the item being cataloged. It may come in another format other
than the item it is supposed to “accompany.” Give the details of an accompanying material at the end of
the physical description or as a note. Optionally, give the details in parentheses.
221 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. + 1 sound disc (45 min. : 33 1/3 rpm, stereo : 12 in.)
or as a note 1 sound disc (45 min. : 33 1/3 rpm, stereo : 12 in.)
511 p. ; 27 cm. + teacher’s guide by Rosa Santos
2.6 SERIES AREA

Series refers to a group of separate items related to one another by the factor that each item
bears, in addition to its own title proper, a collective title applying to the group as a whole. Individual
items belonging to the group or series may or may not be numbered.
The series area consists of the following elements: title proper, parallel title, other title
information, statement of responsibility relating to series, ISSN of series, numbering within series,
subseries, ISSN of subseries, numbering within subseries.
Rules for transcription of the elements in the series area follow colsely those that apply to
recording title proper, parallel title, other title information, etc., earlier discussed.
(Serye sa agham panlipunana ; 6)
(Mga sinulat ni Jose Rizal ; v. 2)
(Research studies series / School of Economics, University
of the Philippines, ISSN 0305-3741 ; 75-82).
(Public affairs report / UP College of Public

Administration, ISSN 0305-3837-1 ; v. 2 . Local
Autonomy series, ISSN 0305-3837 ; no. 65).
2.7 NOTE AREA

This is the area reserved for recording catalog information that cannot be incorporated in the
other areas.
13
Quotations can be used as notes. Notes taken from quotations from the item or other
sources. The quotation is given in quotation marks. Follow the quotation by an indication of its source,
unless that source is the chief source of information. Do not use prescribed punctuation within
quotations.
“A textbook for college freshmen” – Pref.
Use formal notes employing an invariable introductory word or phrase or a standard form of
words when uniformity of presentation assists in the recognition of the type of information being
presented or when their use provides economy of space without loss of clarity.
Revision of: 3rd ed., 1974.
Thesis (M.A.) – University of Santo Tomas.
When making informal notes, use statements that present information as briefly as clarity,
understandability, and grammar permit.
Comedy in two acts.
Includes bibliographies.
Notes are listed in a specific order. One type of note may not be listed ahead or after the other
types. Make notes in the following order:
1. Nature, scope, or artistic form of the item

Documentary.
Play in three acts.
2. Language of the item and/or translation or adaptation

Translation, with original French text, of: Les fleur du mal
Translation of: El filibusterismo
English, Spanish and French
3. Source of title proper

Caption title
Cover title
Title from title screen
4. Variations in title
Cover title: How to get rich during elections
5. Parallel titles and other title information

Title on conatiner: Escritos y vida Miguel
de Cervantes
Subtitle: An inquiry into the causes of student
Demonstrations during the ‘70s
6. Statement of responsibility
Attributed to Edgar Allan Poe
Based on the novel by Ernest Hemingway
7. Edition and history

Rev. of: Guide to reference books / Constance M.
Winchell. 8th ed. 1967.
Sequel to: Of time and of seasons.
8. Material specific details
9. Publisher, distribution, etc.

Published simultaneously in Great Britain by Methuen
Distributed exclusively in the Philippines by Goodwill Bookstore
10. Physical description

Map on lining papers.
Slides in flat plastic holder (28 x 23 cm.) punched
for insertion in 3 ring binders.
11. Accompanying material

Cardboard punch-out figures tipped into back cover.
Set includes booklet (16p.) : The new mathematics guide
12. Series
Originally issued in series: Sustainable development.
13. Dissertations
Thesis (Ph.D.) – Xavier University, 2001.
Thesis (M.A.) – Capitol University, 1999.
14. Audience
High school text.
For college students.
15. Other formats available

14
Also available in microfiche.

Also available in CD-ROM.
16. Summary
Summary: Shows, in tabular form, principal events
in western, central, and eastern civilizations 4500 B.C.
to the 20th century.
17. Contents
Contents: v.1. 1900-1935 – v.2 1936-1945 – v.3. 1946-1986.
Contents: The history of England from the invasion of Julius
Caesar to the accession of Henry II – The Acts of Stephen, King
Of England and Duke of Normandy.
18. Numbers borne by the item (other than ISBN, ISSN)

DSS Cat. No. SN3-196/1984
Supt. Of Docs. No. 1 19 17:834
19. Copy being described and library’s holdings
Errata slip tipped in.
Library’s copy signed by the author.
Pages 13-35 wanting.
20. “With” notes

The presence of an item that is physically separable from the item being described is
noted unless this has been brought out in the formal description for the work. This
statement is made whether (as with books) the items were separately published and later
bound together or they were originally issued together as a unit. A note of this type is
used when the description is of separately title part of an item lacking a collective title.
With: Suite in A minor / Teleman.
With: Concerto in C major, K. 299 / Mozart.
2.8 STANDARD NUMBER AND TERMS OF AVAILABILITY AREA
The last area of the catalog entry is standard number and terms of availability. Publishers began
using International Standard Book Numbers (ISBN) about 1968; International Standard Serial Numbers
(ISSN) followed a year or so later. Therefore, materials that appeared before 1968 will not have such
numbers. Because publishers include these numbers on a voluntary basis, not all materials with
publication dates after 1968 will have them. If a book has a standard number, in most instances, the
number will be found on the verso of the title page. Record this number as the last item in the catalog
entry, following the note area. Do not close the ISBN or ISSN with a period.
ISBN 971-8581-10-3 (Phil)
ISBN 971-8581-10-3 (pbk.) : P977.00
ISBN 0-13-296989-0 (U.S.)
ISBN 0-13-296989-0 (cl.) : $20.00
ISBN 1-85604-222-7 (British)
CHOICE OF ACCESS POINTS
Chapters 21 gives rules for determining the main entry (the principal heading under
which a work will be entered in the library’s catalog) and added entries (other access points
under which the work will be entered in the catalog). Only the basic rules will be presented.
SOURCE OF DETERMINING ACCESS POINTS
The most important source for determining access points is the part of the item that
may be termed “prominent.” For a determination of prominence, it is necessary to consult
AACR2 0.8, where prominence is limited to the sources prescribed for the first two areas of
description (the title and statement of responsibility area and the edition area). The prescribed
sources for these two areas vary somewhat from category to category of material. In some
cases these prescribed sources may amount to the whole item. Thus, data that are prominent
within an item should furnish the necessary information to determine the main entry and added
entries.
Access point is a name, term, code, etc., under which an item may be searched
through its author, title, and/or subject.
AUTHORSHIP
A personal author is “the person chiefly responsible for the creation of the intellectual
or artistic content of a work.” This would include such persons as writers of books and
composers of music, persons who prepared bibliographies, artists and photographers, and, in
certain cases, cartographers. In addition, performers, in some cases, are “authors” of sound
recordings, films, and videorecordings. A corporate body refers to an association,
organization or a group which is identified by a name and which acts as an entity, e.g.,
associations, institutions, governments, religious bodies, conferences, etc.
GENERAL RULE
Personal authorship
15
1. A work, collection of works or selections from a work or works by one personal

author is entered under the heading for that person whether named in the work or
not.
2. For works with two or three authors, the entry is under the heading for the principal
author, if there is one. Otherwise, entry is under the one named first on the title
page.
Intner, Sheila S.
Standard cataloging for school and public libraries /
Sheila S. Intner, Jean Weihs
3. Collections of works with no collective title is entered under the first author named
in the first work or contribution.
Guzman, M. de
The sacadas / M. de Guzman. The agrarian reform /
Jose Reyes.
4. For revisions and abridgement entry is under the heading for the original author if
the original author is named in the statement of responsibility or is named in the
title proper and no other person is named in a statement of responsibility or other
title information. Make an added entry for reviser or abridger.
Entry will be under the reviser if the original author’s name no longer appears on the
title page or other chief source of information, or if the original author’s name
appears only in the title proper and some other person or body and “some other
person or body is named as being primarily responsible in the statement of
responsibility or in the statement of responsibility relating to the edition.” Make a
name-title added entry under the original author.
Hulbert, James R.
Bright’s Anglo-Saxon reader / revised and enlarged
by James R. Hulbert.
5. For translations, entry is under the original author with added entry for the
translator.
Rizal, Jose.
Noli me tangere / Jose Rizal ; translated by Ma.
Soledad Lacson-Locsin ; edited by Raul L. Locsin.
6. For adaptation, paraphrase, rewriting or version in a different literary form entry is

under the heading appropriate to the new work with name-title added entry for the
original work. If adapter is unknown, enter under title.
Howard, Sidney.
Sinclair Lewis’ Dodsworth / dramatized by Sidney Howard.
7. Works by heads of state, high government officials, popes, and other high
ecclesiastical officials written in an “unofficial capacity” are entered under the
personal heading. Official communications by the same officials will be under the
corporate heading for the person.
Corporate Body
A work emanates from a corporate body if it falls into one or more of the following
categories:
1. works of an administrative nature dealing with the corporate body itself, or its
internal policies, procedures and/or operations, or its finances, or its officers, and/or
staff, or its resources;
2. some legal and governmental works of the following types: laws, decrees of the chief
executive, administrative regulations, treaties, etc., court decisions, legislative
hearings.
3. works that record the collective thoughts of the body, e.g., reports of committees,
etc.
4. works that report the collective activity of a conference (proceedings, collected
papers), or of an even (exhibition, fair, etc.) which is prominently named in the item
being cataloged.
5. works resulting from the collective activity of a performing group
6. Sound recordings, motion pictures/films, and videorecordings resulting from the
activity of a performing group as a whole.
If responsibility is shown between two or three persons or bodies and principal responsibility is
not attributed to any of them be wording or layout, enter under the one named first
TITLE PROPER ENTRY

The title is another common approach to access library materials. It refers to the title
proper but may also include the title of a series, which is well-remembered if it is very
distinctive and if the library acquires all the volumes related to that series, and uniform title, a
title by which an item which has appeared under varying titles is identified for cataloging
purposes.
Entry will be under title proper or, when appropriate uniform title, in the following
instances:
16
1. if the personal authorship is unknown (anonymous) or diffuse (four or five authors or

corporate bodies) and the work does not emanate from a corporate body;
[anonymous classics – epic, folk tales whose authors are unknown)
2. if the work is a collection or produced under editorial direction;
3. if the work is a collection of independent works by different persons or bodies
4. if the authorship emanates from a corporate body but does not fall into one or more
of the categories given under corporate bodies and is not of personal authorship;
5. if the work is accepted as a sacred scripture by a religious group
CHANGES IN TITLES PROPER

In general, consider as a major change in a title proper the addition, deletion, change,
or reordering of:
1. any of the first give words (the first six words if the title begins with an article);
2. any word after the first five words (the first six words if the title begins with an
article;
Also consider as a major change a change in a corporate body name given anywhere in the title
if it is a different corporate body.
ADDED ENTRIES
An added entry should be made if the cataloger believes that catalog users might
reasonable consider a person or corporate body not listed as entry responsible for the work.
Added entries are usually provided for:
1. a joint author or authors for a work that has two or more authors;
2. editors, compilers, translators, etc., who contributed to the work and whose names
appear on the chief source of information;
3. name-title for the original work if the nature and content of the original has been
changed substantially or the medium of impression has changed;
4. a title added entry for almost every work, except those entered under title;
5. an author added entry for the author given first in work authored by more than three
authors;
6. a series added entry for the series title, if there is one;
7. analytical entries for authors and titles of literature in collections.
SPECIAL RULES
1. Certain legal publications (constitutions, charters, laws, court rules, court decisions,
cases, etc., treaties), are entered under the heading for the jurisdiction governed,
with a uniform title interposed between the heading and the title transcription.
Make an added entry under the editor or compiler or persons or bodies responsible
for compiling the publications.
Philippines. Philippines.
[Penal code] [Constitution (1987)]
Cagayan de Oro City.

[Laws, etc.] Philippines. Supreme Court
2. Sacred scriptures are under the title. When appropriate, a uniform title is used.
Make an added entry for only one, two or three persons associated with the work. If
there are four
Bible. English. Revised Standard. 1989.
Talmud. English. Selections.
The conventional order in which added entries should be listed is as follows:

1. personal name;
2. personal name/title;
3. corporate name;
4. corporate name/title;
5. uniform title;
6. title traced as title-period;
7. title traced as title/colon followed by a title; series.
HEADINGS
After determining the correct main entry, the next step is to determine the correct form
if entry is a personal or corporate name. This consideration is important because once the
decision has been made, the same form of name will be used, in most cases, for every work by
or about that author. This practice of long standing; a consistent heading brings together in
one place in the library catalog all of the works by the author that the library holds.
PERSONS
Choice among different names
If a person uses different names, make a choice based on the following guidelines, in
the order of preference:
1. Choose the name most frequently used by the author in his or her works. This
includes forms of name found on works issued both during and after the person’s
lifetime.
17
2. Choose the form of name by which the author is generally identified in reference
sources. This method could produce different answers, of course, depending on the
reference sources available in a particular library.
3. Choose the latest name the author has used in her or his works.
Pseudonyms. An author who writes consistently under a single name other than his or
her real name is entered under that pseudonym that appears in the chief source of information.
A reference from the real name to the pseudonym will be made.
Separate bibliographic entities. If an author writes works of more than one type,
and if that person chooses to use one bibliographic identity for one type and another name for
works of other types, the cataloger will choose for each work “the name by which it is
identified.” Thus, the works of fiction by Nick Joaquin will be entered under the heading for
that name, while the essays written under the name Quijano de Manila will be entered under
the heading for this name. When the works of an author are entered under two names, a pair
of references will be made.
For a contemporary author who uses more than one name or pseudonym, enter each
work under the name as it appears in the work.
Evan Hunter, a writer of mystery novels, sometimes uses his real name and
sometimes the pseudonym Ed McBain. His novel Every Little Crook and Nanny,
written under the name Evan Hunter, gives a clue that the alert cataloger will
follow up when he or she reads that “the jacket photo of Evan Hunter was
graciously posed for by Ed McBain.” Checking Hagen’s Who Done It?, the cataloger
will discover that Evan Hunter is the real name of an author who writes under a
number of pseudonyms, including the name Ed McBain. Each of Hunter’s books will
be entered under the name appearing on the title page. Connect the various
names used by this author with references.
Philippa Carr – Victoria Holt – Jean Plaidy – Kathleen Kellow
Entry Element
Entry under surname
Names formulated with a forename (or initial) and a surname will be entered under the
surname, unless subsequent rules provide otherwise. Aside from conventional forename-
surname names, the rule includes surnames represented by initials, when at least one
forename is given in full. In this case, the initial is regarded as a surname, and entry is made
under the initial.
If a person’s name consist of several parts, select as the entry element that part of the
name under which the person would normally be listed in authoritative alphabetic lists in his or
her language or country
Chiang, Kai-shek
Park, Chung-hee
Siguion-Reyna, Armida
Compound surnames refer to surnames that include two or more proper names, e.g.,
C. Day-Lewis. It does not pertain to single surnames that consist of two or words , e.g.,
Antoine de Saint Exupery. The following are to be applied in the order in which they are listed.
1. Enter a person with a compound surname under the element of the surname which
he or she prefers. Only rarely will the cataloger have information about the author’s
preference. The second part of the rule is more useful; in fact, it is the only way in
most cases that the cataloger can be positive that he or she is dealing with a
compound name rather than with a simple surname and one or more forenames that
resemble surnames. The second part of the rule instructs the cataloger to check
reference sources in the person’s language and to list the person in the form found
there.
2. Hyphenated surnames are to be entered under first part of the name, with reference
made from the second part.
Rio-Jayme, Mario for Mario Rio-Jayme
Leal-Tadeo, Rosario for Rosario Leal-Tadeo (single woman)
3. Other compound surnames except those of married women who use their maiden
name followed by husband’s name, are to be entered under the first element of the
compound surname, whether hyphenated or not. Many Spanish names are
compounds consisting of the father’s surname followed by the mother’s maiden
name. Those are to be entered under the first part of the compound.
Vicario y Sanchez, Arantxa for Arantxa Vicario y Sanchez
4. Other compound surnames: married women. 22.1A states that in establishing the
name of a married woman, use the name, either married or maiden name, by which
the woman chooses to be known and by which she is most commonly identified. If
she chooses to use, in addition to forenames, both her maiden name and her
husband’s surname, entry will be under the husband’s surname, unless her language
is Czech, French, Hungarian, Italian, or Spanish.
Collantes, Emma Sinco for Emma Sinco-Collantes
5. If the nature of the surname is uncertain, enter under the last part of the name.
6. Words indicating relationship following surnames. The word “junior,” and any other
word showing relationship is not to be included in the heading for English-speaking
18
persons, even when such a term is used regularly by the person as a part of the
name. It is, however, included in transcribing the name in the body of the entry.
Aquino, Benigno for Benigno Aquino, Jr.
7. Surname with separately written prefixes are entered under the element most
commonly sed as an entry element in alphabetical listings in the person’s language.
Del Prado, Oscar E. for Oscar E. del Prado
De Mesa, Evelyn for Evelyn de Mesa
Articles and prepositions

7.1 English – enter under the prefix, e.g., Van Patten, Dick; Dos Passos, John.
7.2 French
 (enter under prefix if the prefix consists of an article (le, la) or of
a contraction of an article and a preposition (du, des), e.g., Cars,
Guy Des.
 when a name that includes an article (la, le) and a preposition
(de) is to be entered under the part of the name following the
preposition, e.g., La Boetie, Estienne de.
 if a name includes the preposition de, enter the surname under
the part of the name following the preposition, e.g., Balzac,
Honore de.
7.3 Spanish – enter under the part of the name following the prefix. Note that if
the prefix consists of an article only, enter under the article; if the name
includes an article (el, la, lo, lo, los, las) and a preposition (de), entry will be
under the part of the name following prefixes, e.g., Casas, Bartolome de las;
Maza, Francisco de la.
Entry under given name

A person who is not commonly identified by a surname (or a name that appears to be a
surname) and who is not identified by a title of nobility should be checked in an English-
language reference source and entered accordingly. Many names of this type include words or
phrases denoting place of origin, etc. A name that includes such information will be entered in
direct order, with the given name separated from the descriptive phrase by a comma.
Alexander, the Great John, the Baptist Quijano, de Manila
Entry under initials, letters, or numerals

If an author consistently uses initials for identification in his or her works, the initials, in
direct order, will be used as the entry. If the initials have been used by more than one author,
the full forenames (or the entire name, as appropriate) in parentheses will be added following
the initials.
A.L.O.E. (for A Lady of England)
Entry under phrase

Enter in direct order a name that consists of a phrase or appellation. Make a reference
from the element of name that is not chosen as the entry.
Atty. Nocase for Atty. Nocase
Mister Expose for Mister Expose
If the phrase name does not convey the idea of a person, or for a phrase name with a
characterizing word, or a phrase naming another work by a person , add in parentheses a
suitable designation in English.
Philippine Eagle (Journalist) for Philippine Eagle
Eraserheads (Rock group) for Eraserheads
Physician for a Physician
Author of Philippine legends for by The Author of Philippine legends
Additions to Names
Titles of nobility
If a nobleman or noblewoman chooses to write using his or her family name instead of
name in nobility, the person’s preference is followed. But if the person includes his or her title,
the title is used as part of the heading.
Bismarck, Otto, Furst von.
Saints
The name of saint will be established according to appropriate rules under choice of
name. The word “Saint” is added to the name of the person, unless the person was a pope,
emperor, empress, king, or queen, in which case, the name will be given as it appears in
English-language reference sources and will include any roman numerals appearing with the
name in those sources.
Ignatius of Loyola, Saint
Teresa of Avila, Saint
John of the Cross, Saint
Ruiz, Lorenzo, Saint
19
Additions to names entered under surname and given name

This rule is applied to names of persons who identify themselves by their surname and a
term of added. Such a heading will be entered under surname (real or pseudonymous) followed
by the associated word, e.g., Seuss, Dr. For Dr. Seuss (real name is Theodore Seuss Geisel)
A married woman who chooses to identify herself in her works by her husband’s name
plus the term of address “Mrs.” (or the equivalent in other languages) will be entered in that
way.
For royalty, the name will be given as it appears in English-language reference sources,
and will include any roman numerals appearing with the name in these sources. The title will
be in English if there is an English equivalent.
Henry VIII, King of England, 1491-1547
Frederick II, King of Prussia, 1718-1786
Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of England, 1952-
A pope assumes a new name when he is elevated to the papacy. This name should be
used, rather than his secular name, since it is the name by which he is commonly known. The
rule indicates that a person entered under given name whose name has become well
established in an English-language form will be entered under this form, as found in English-
language reference sources.
John Paul II, Pope, 1978-
For bishops, cardinals, add the title, in English if possible, after the name of a high
ecclesiastical official who is entered under given name. The designation is not added after the
name of a cardinal, bishop, etc., who is entered under surname.
Persons of religious vocations who are commonly known by given name are thus
entered. Add to such a name in the vernacular terms of honor, address, or title as customarily
used by the person. Do not add a religious title to the name of a person of religious vocation
who is entered under surname.
Antoninus, Brother.
Cuthbert, Father, O.S.F.C.
Vivekananda, Swami
Teresa, Mother
Additions to distinguish identical names

To distinguish between two or more authors if the headings are otherwise identical,
dates, or a fuller form of name, preferably both, may be provided. If a person is commonly
identified only by a surname and term of address, the forename that belongs with the surname
will be added in parentheses following the term of address.
Miranda, Carlos T. (Carlos Tan) Bautista, Jose (Rev.) Gonzales, Perdo, 1935-1984
Miranda, Carlos T. (Carlos Ty) Bautista, Jose (M.D.) Gonzales, Pedro, 1945-
Corporate Bodies
Forms of heading for geographic names

Use the English form of the name of a place, if there is one in general use. Determine
this from gazetteers and other reference sources.
Austria not Osterreich
Spain not España
Use the form in the official language of the country if there is no English form in use.
Costa Rica
Rio de Janeiro
If it is necessary to distinguish between two or more places of the same name, add to
each name the name of a larger place.
Los Angeles (Pampanga)
Los Angeles (California)
Santiago (Cuba)
Santiago (Chile)
Headings
Enter a corporate body directly under the name by which it is predominantly identified,
a determined from items issued by the body in its language.
Bank of the Philippine Islands
Philippine Association of Teachers in Library Science
University of San Carlos
Xavier University
Exceptions are:
1. Subordinate bodies which may need to be entered under a higher body. This will
include bodies which contain the word department, division, commission, etc., or
some word implying that the body is a component part of something else will be
entered as a subheading under the higher body.
20
Xavier University. College of Commerce.

Philippine Heritage Foundation. Library
2. A body which may need to be entered under the name of a government.

Philippines. Bureau of Mines.
Philippines. Department of Budget and Management.
Cagayan de Oro City. Office of the Mayor.
The conventional name of a country, city, etc., is used as heading for its government.
Philippines not Republic of the Philippines.
United States not United States of America
When the name of a body changes, a new heading is established for items appearing
under the new name. Thus, various items by the one body may appear under different names.
Philippines. Social Welfare Administration.
Philippines. Ministry of Social Work and Community Development.
Philippines. Department of Social Work and Community Development.
If a body uses variant names in items issued by it, use the name as it appears in the
chief sources of information as opposed to those found elsewhere in the item. If the chief
source of information gives the name in more than one form, prefer a formal presentation
rather than another form. If both the full form and an initialism or acronym appear formally,
choose the full form of the heading… Reference will be made in the authority record.
ERIC
search under
Educational Resources Information Center (U.S.)
In contrast to ERIC, Unesco is a corporate body that predominantly uses a brief form of
name on its publications. The following reference will be displayed.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

search under
Unesco
Conferences are corporate bodies. If a conference, congress, or other meeting has a

name, then entry is directly under it. The name is followed by number, date and place as
appropriate. Conference of Southeast Librarians (1st : 1971 : Quezon City)
ANALYSIS
“Analysis is the process of preparing a bibliographic record that describes a part or parts of an
item for which a comprehensive entry might be made.” This implies that analysis could only be used if a
library had, in fact, made a comprehensive entry for the “parent” item.
Added entries are customarily made for parts of a work named in the title and statement of
responsibility area, which are not the title proper. Make such added entries as name-title entries, using
the authorized form of the name followed by a uniform title or title proper, as appropriate. Note than
when making such analytical added name-title entries, if the title begins with an article, the article is
dropped.
Example 1
Hawthorne, Nathaniel.
The great stone face & other tales [sound recording] / by
Nathaniel Hawthorne. – Charlotte, Md., : Recorded Books, p1986.
2 sound cassettes (120 minutes) : analog, mono.
Narrated by Nelson Runger.

“Unabridged.”
In container.
Contents: The great stone face – The ambitious guest –
The great carbuncle – Sketches from memory.
The ambitious guest.


“Unabridged.”
In container.
The great carbuncle.

21


“Unabridged.”
In container.
Sketches from memory.


“Unabridged.”
In container.
Example 2
Making humans : complete texts with introduction, historical

contexts, critical essays / edited by Judith Wilt. – Boston :
Houghton Mifflin, c2003.
viii, 359 ; ill. ; 21 cm.
Includes bibliographical references: p. 358-359.

ISBN 0-6180-8489-4
Contents: Frankenstein / Mary Shelley – The island of Doctor
Moreau / H.G. Wells.
Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein.

viii, 359 ; ill. ; 21 cm.

ISBN 0-6180-8489-4
Wells, H.G. Island of Doctor Moreau.

viii, 359 ; ill. ; 21 cm.

ISBN 0-6180-8489-4
UNIFORM TITLES
Many works appearing in library catalogs are published in varying issues, translation, etc., with
different titles. Because one of the objects of the library catalog is to show what works the library has be
a given author some method must be devised to bring these works issued with varying titles together in
the catalog. Probably the best way to do it is for the cataloger to choose one title and to gather all of the
manifestations of the work together under this one title known as a uniform title.
Uniform titles are used for various purposes:

1. to bring together all entries for a work when various manifestations have appeared under
various titles,
2. to provide identification for a work when its title proper differs from that by which it is
commonly known,
3. to differentiate between two or more works published under identical title proper, and
4. to organize the bibliographic file.
Dickens, Charles.
[Pickwick papers]
The Pickwick papers / Charles Dickens.
two works issued together

Poe, Edgar Allan.
[Tell-tale heart]
The tell-tale heart ; and, The cask of Amontillado [sound recording]
22
collective titles
Maugham, W. Somerset.
[Short stories (Heinemann)]
Complete short stories
Laws, treaties, etc.

Philippines. Philippines.
[Laws, etc.] [Labor code. Tagalog]
Bible
Bible. [parts] [language] [versions] [selections] [date]
Bible. English. New Century. Selections. 1990.
Bible. NT. English. New Jerusalem Bible. 1990.
References:
Mother Goose nursery rhymes Book of nursery songs and rhymes
search under search under
Mother Goose Mother Goose
Dickens, Charles. Adventures of Oliver Twist Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth
Search under search under
Dickens, Charles. Oliver Twist Shakespeare, William. Macbeth
CATALOGING OF CONTINUING RESOURCES, NON-PRINT & INTERNET RESOURCES
Cartographic materials: The most common variety of cartographic material is a map, which may be
defined as any kind of graphic representation of any place in the universe, on the earth or in the heavens,
real or imaginary. Relief maps, globes, atlases, and the photographs and surveys that are the raw
materials from which conventional maps are made are all regarded as cartographic materials.
MAP: a flat representation of part or all of either the earth or the universe
GLOBE: a sphere representing the earth, other celestial bodies, or the universe
Sources of information
1. item itself;
2. container or case (title given prominence by layout, title that is first in a sequence, most
comprehensive title);
3. accompanying printed material (pamphlets, brochures, etc.)
For atlases, the chief source of information:

1. title page or its substitute (if no title page, get the part supplying the most complete
information and specify in the note;
2. any part of the map.
Mathematical and other material specific details area. Includes such essentials as scale, projection and
coordinates.
Statement of Scale
Scale given as a representative fraction expresses as a ratio (1: ). Ratio preceded by: Scale
If scale is given as a statement rather than as a ratio, convert into numerical form. A rule of thumb is
that there are 64,360 inches in a mile. If the cartographic material states “ 1 inch = 4 miles,” multiply
64,360 x 4 = 253,440 Record as: Scale [1:253,440]
Statement of Projection
Option for giving phrases associated with the projection statement to show a meridian statement:
; transverse Mercator proj., central meridian 35013’30”E
Optional addition: Statement of Coordinates and Equinox

Coordinates expressed in degrees (°), minutes (‘), seconds (”). Precede each coordinate by W, E, N, or
S, as appropriate., to indicate direction from Greenwich prime meridian.
Separate two sets of longitude and latitude by a diagonal slash
Example 1
Nystrom (Firm).
The earth’s moon [cartographic material]. – Scale 1:7,2000,000 ;
orthographic proj. – Chicago : Nystrom, c1969.
2 maps on 1 sheet (1 attached overlay) : col., plastic ; 73 x 114 cm.
Accompanied by 1 sound tape cassette titled: Using the moon map

(ca. 30 min.)
23
Example 2
Oxford economic atlas of the world / prepared by the Economic Intelligence

Unit and the Cartographic Department of the Clarendon Press. – 3rd ed. –
Scale varies ; Oxford equal-area proj. – London : Oxford University Press,
1965.
1 atlas (viii, 286 p.) : col. 27 cm.
Sound Recordings. Sound recording is a generic term which includes phonodiscs, audiotapes
(cassettes, cartridges, open reel to reel), compact discs, piano rolls (and other rolls), and sound
recordings on film (other than those intended to accompany visual images, for which see chapter 7).
They do not cover specifically recordings in other forms, (e.g., wires, cylinders) or in various
experimental media though the use of appropriate specifications in the physical description area and
special notes will furnish a sufficiently detailed description for such items. A recording on which sound
vibrations have been registered by mechanical or electronic means so that the sound may be reproduced.
Main entry for sound recordings will be under the person or body chiefly responsible for the
intellectual or musical content of the work, following general rules. This means for the most part that
main entry will be under the composer of a musical work that has been recorded, or the writer of a book
or other material that is being narrated. In some instances, an individual performer or performing group
is regarded as the author of a sound recording and will be given main entry. Indicative of the fact that
entry for sound recordings presents special difficulties is that a separate section in AACR2R chapter 21 is
devoted to rules governing this type of material. These may be summarized briefly
A sound recording made from a book will be entered under the heading appropriate to the book,
as long as the narrator retains the original words of the book. And, of course, a recording may be an
original work never intended for any other medium. What more effective way could there be for a master
storyteller to reveal some of her secrets than orally, using cassette?
Area 3 not used for sound recordings.

Physical description: extent of item (including specific material designation): number of physical units
playing time
Other physical details: type of recording (analog or digital)
playing speed
groove characteristics (analog discs)
track configuration (sound track films)
number of tracks (tapes)
number of sound channels
recording and reproduction characteristics
Example 1
Rowling, J.K.
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets [sound recording] / J.K.
Rowling. – New York : Listening Library, p1999, c1998.
6 sound cassettes (9 hrs., 18 min.) : analog.
Unabridged.
Performance by Jim Dale.
Example 2
APO (Musical group).

Mga kuwento ng APO [ sound recording] / APO. – Manila :
WEA, p1989.
1 sound disc (ca. 60 min.) : analog, 31/3 rpm ; 12 in.
Lyrics to the 10 songs on liner.
Motion Pictures and Videorecordings. AACR2R chapter 7 includes rules for the descriptive cataloging
of all types of media involving a sequence of images projected in rapid succession so that they create the
illusion of movement. These include videorecordings with all of their manifestations. Also included are
motion pictures, which come in many packages such as film cartridges and film cassettes as well as film
reels. The same rules for authorship responsibility that govern other types of library materials are to be
applied to motion pictures and videorecordings. In most instances, numerous people and many different
groups contribute in various ways to the creation of the intellectual or artistic content of a motion picture
or videorecording.
A film may be sponsored by a society, corporation, institution, or other corporate boy. If the
content of the film is “of an administrative nature dealing with the corporate body, its procedures, and/or
its operations, main entry will be under the name of the sponsoring body.
Motion pictures are frequently based on books. Entry for such works normally is covered by 21.9
since in virtually every instance such versions involve substantial changes in the nature and content of
the original, to say nothing of the fact that the medium of expression has changed. AACR2R rule 21.9
stipulates that main entry will be under the heading “appropriate to the new work.” Since many
individuals normally are involved in the production of films, entry under the name of an adapter is usually
not possible. Title main entry should be made, with a name-title added entry for the original work.
24
Source of information
Item itself (e.g., title and credit frames) and if in a permanent container (e.g. cartridge), the
container and its label
If information not available from chief source:
accompanying textual materials
a container
other sources
If the container provides a collective title that the labels do not, the container may be preferred as the
chief source.
Extent of Item (including specific material designation): number of physical units

running/playing time
•How many of what?
•Record number of physical units in arabic numerals followed by the SMD
Other physical details

 aspect ratio and special projection characteristics – i.e., Cinerama, Panavision, multiprojector; and
whether anamorphic, techniscope, stereoscopic or multiscreen
 sound characteristics – give sd. (sound) or si. (silent)
 color
 projection speed 2 film reels (25 min.) : multiprojector, multiscreen, si.
1 videodisc (ca. 35 min.) : sd.
Dimension Motion pictures – give the gauge (width) in millimeteres; if 8 mm. State whether single,
standard, super, or Maurer 1 film reel (12 min.) : sd., b&w ; 16 mm.
1 film cassette (21 min.) : sd., col. ; standard 8 mm
Videotapes - give the gauge (width) in inches or millimeters 1 videoreel (30 min.) : sd., b&w : 1/2 in.
Example 1
Dangerous gifts [motion picture] / written and presented by John Roberts. – London :
BBC Entertainment, c1985.
1 reel ; (55 min.) : sd. ; 16 mm. – (The of the West ; 1)
Example 2
The Slipper and the rose [videorecording] : the story of Cinderella / music and
lyrics, Richard M. Sherman and Robert M. Sherman ; directed by Stuart Lyons. –
3 videodiscs (127, min.) : sd., col. ; 12 in.
Graphic Materials. The rules cover the description of graphic materials of all kinds, whether opaque
(e.g., two-dimensional art originals and reproductions, charts, photographs, technical drawings) or
intended to be projected or viewed (e.g., filmstrips, radiographs, slides), and collections of such graphic
materials.
The chief source of information for graphic materials is the item itself including any labels, etc.,
that are permanently affixed to the item or a container that is an integral part of the item. If the item
being described consists of two or more separate physical parts (e.g., a slide set), treat a container that
is the unifying element as the chief source of information if it furnishes a collective title and the items
themselves and their labels do not. In this case, make a note indicating the source of information. If
information is not available from the chief source, take it from the following sources )in this order of
preference): container (e.g., box, frame)
accompanying material (e.g., manuals, leaflets)
other sources
In describing a collection of graphic materials as a unit, treat the whole collection as the chief source.
Example 1
Stormes, Claude.
Flowers in vase [art original] / Claude Stormes. –- 1980.
1 art original : watercolor on paper ; 60 x 45 cm.
Example 2
Tintoretto.
“Christ washing his disciples’ feet” [art reproduction] / Tintoretto. – Toronto :
Art Gallery of Ontario, [19—].
1 postcard : sepia ; 6 x 16 cm.
Example 3
Conger, Lucinda D.
Online international command chart [chart] / prepared by Lucinda D. Conger. –
1985-86 edition. –- Western, Ct. : Online,c1985.
1 flip chart (37 sheets) : double sided, b&w ; 23 x 31 cm.
Example 4
Bergwall, Charles.
Introduction to the card catalog [filmstrip] / written by Charles Bergwall and Sherwin S.
Glassner. – Eye Gate, c1962.
1 filmstrip (35 fr.) : col. ; 35 mm. – (Library services)
25
Example 5
Evans, Gross.
19th century developments in art [kit] / author-consultant-narrator, Gross Evans. –
Chicago : Society for Visual Education, c1969.
40 slides, 1 sound disc ; in container 32 x 33 x 8 cm.
Example 6
Wood, Neville.
Discovering AACR2 [slide] : an introduction to Anglo-American cataloging rules second
edition / by Neville Wood. – Aberdeen : Robert Gordon’s Institute of Technology, 1980.
61 slides : col. + 1 sound cassette
Three-dimensional artifacts and realia. This covers the description of three-dimensional objects
including models, dioramas, games (including puzzles and simulations), Braille cassettes, sculptures and
other three-dimensional art works, exhibits, machines, and clothing. They also cover the description of
naturally occurring objects, including microscope specimens (or representations of them) and other
specimens mounted for viewing.
Model: a three-dimensional representation of a real thing
Realia: the GMD for actual objects (artifacts or specimens) as opposed to replicas.
The chief source of information is the object itself together with any accompanying textual material and
container issued by the publisher or manufacturer of the item. Prefer information found on the object
itself (including any permanently affixed labels) to information found in the accompanying textual
material or on a container.
Microform. Microform is a generic term for any medium, transparent or opaque, bearing microimages.
Microfiche is a sheet of film bearing a number of microimages in a two-dimensional array. Microfilm is a
length of film bearing a number of microimages in linear array. Microopaque is a sheet of opaque
material bearing a number of microimages in a two-dimensional array.
The chief source of information for microfilms is the title frame (i.e., a frame, usually at the
beginning of the item, bearing the full title and, normally, publication details of the item). The chief
source of information for aperture cards is, in the case of a set of cards, the title card, or, in the case of a
single card, the card itself. The chief source of information for microfiches and microopaques is the title
frame. If there is no such information or if the information is insufficient, treat the eye-readable data
printed at the top of the fiche or opaque as the chief source of information. If, however, the title
appears in a shortened form on the “header” and appears in fuller form on the accompanying eye-
readable materials or the container, treat the accompanying eye-readable materials or the container as
the chief source and make a note giving the source of the title proper. If information normally presented
on the title frame or title card is presented on successive frames or cards, treat these frames or cards as
the chief source.
If information is not available from the chief source, take it from the following sources (in this
order of preference):
the rest of the item (including a container that is an integral part of the item)
container
accompanying eye-readable material
any other source
Example 1
American libraries [microform] / American Library

Association.
Vol. 1, no. 1 (Jan. 1970)-–. Ann Arbor, Mich. :
University Microfilms, 1971.
Microfilm reels : ill. ; 16 cm. – (Current periodical series)
Example 2
James, William.
The principles of psychology [microform] /
William James. – Chicago : Library Resources,
c1970.
2 microfiches : ill. ; 8 x 13 cm.
Very high reduction.

Reproduction of original: London : Macmillan, 1891.
2 v. : ill. ; 23 cm.
Electronic Resources. Formerly called “Computer Files” AACR2 chapter 9 contains rules for the
description of files that are encoded for manipulation by computer. Electronic resources are data or
programs, or a combination of the two, that are either stored on a physical carrier and accessible directly
(e.g., via a CD-ROM drive) or available by remote access 9e.g., from a LAN) or via the Internet). A
“program” is an electronic file containing a set of instructions that tells computer to perform certain
tasks. “Data” comprise electronic information (which may be, for example, sets of numbers, blocks of
alphabetic text, or images) that is manipulated by a program. A program may stand along (a game);
data always require an underlying program to be usable. Electronic resources differ from most media in
that they cannot be directly accessed by the user; an intermediate machine 9computer hardware) is
required to use the resources.
26
Because the technology associated with electronic resources continues to develop so rapidly, the
cataloging rules are subject to change.
Interactive media is defined as “media residing in on or more physical carriers…or on computer

networks… exhibiting both of these characterizes: (1) user-controlled, non-computer non linear
navigation using computer technology, and (2) the combination of two or more media (audio, text,
graphics, images, animation, and video) that the user manipulates to control the order and/or nature of
the presentation.” [ALA (1994), Guidelines for Bibliographic Description of Interactive Multimedia, 1994]
Internet resources. The internet allows libraries and their users to gain access to electronic resources all
over the world without actually physically holding the resource in the library. One important problem
with Internet resources is their volatility. Sites constantly change or may have transferred or may be
have ceased. Change and impermanence are problems inherent to online resources and should be
considered before a decision is made to catalog a remote access electronic resource.
The chief source of information for electronic resources is the title screen(s). If there is no title
screen take the information from other formally presented internal evidence (e.g., main menus, program
statements). If the information required is not available from internal sources, take it from the following
sources (in this order of preference):
the physical carrier or its labels
information issued by the publisher, creator, etc., with the file (sometimes called
“documentation)
information printed on the container issued by the publisher, distributor, etc.
Area 3: Type and extent of resource area –Electronic data

–Electronic program(s)
–Electronic data and program(s)
The mandatory/required notes for electronic resources:

1) System requirements. Probably the most important note of all and it is mandatory. Because
direct access electronic resources will only operate using the computer hardware, software, and
operating systems they were designed for, it is essential that the library user know what kind of
equipment is needed. Begin the note with “System requirements.”
2) Mode of access. Resources available only by remote access should give mode of access. Because
access to remote electronic resources I often not dependent on the user having a particular type
of hardware or system, a mode of access note usually replaces the system requirement note for
this type of electronic resource.
3) Source of title proper. This is a required note. Because there are so many possible sources for
the transcription of the title for electronic resources, it is necessary to note the source used.
4) Item described. A note giving the date on which the resource was seen is required for remote
access resources. This is because they change (or for that matter, disappear) so readily. This
note is usually combined with the source of title note.
Example 1
Wiley GAAP for Windows 2001 [electronic resource] : interpretation and application
of generally accepted accounting principles / Patrick R. Delaney … [et al.]. – 2001
ed. – New York : Wiley, c2001.
1 CD-ROM : 4 3/4 in. + 1 installation guide (2 p. ; 23 cm.).

System requirements: Windows 98 or higher: IBM compatible PC with 486 processor
or higher (Pentium recommended), minimum 8 MB RAM (12 MB for NT) (16 MB RAM
recommended), 3 MB free hard disk space for compact install – 15 MB hard disk space
for normal install, CD-ROM drive.
Example 2
Lee, Thomas.
Microsoft Windows 2000 TCP/IP protocols and services technical reference [electronic
resource] / Lee Thomas, Joseph Davis. – Redmond, Wash. : Microsoft Press, c2000
(Norwood, Mass. : Books24x7.com [generator]).
Mode of access: Internet.

Title from title screen (viewed September 9, 2004).
http://www.books24x7.com/marc.asp?isbn=0735605564
Example 3
Life after cancer treatment [electronic resource] : a guide for people who were treated
for cancer. – Electronic data – Betsheda, Md. : U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, [2000].
System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Mode of access: Internet.
Title from PDF p. 3 (viewed July 16, 2005).
http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS20989
27
Example 4
Ten-key [electronic resource] : the original computer calculator. – Version 1.06. – Electronic
program (1 file). – Bellevue, Wa. : Photon Software, c1984.
System requirements: IBM-PC or XT compatible PC-DOS, any version, or MS-DOS version 1.25
or later; col. monitor recommended.
Continuing Resources.
Bibliographic resource – the basic unit to be cataloged
Continuing resources – bibliographic resources issues over time with not predetermined
conclusion
a) serials – a continuing resource issues in a succession of discrete parts, usually
bearing numbering, that has no predetermined conclusion.
2 characteristics: discrete parts, i.e., their parts can stand alone and no predetermined conclusion,
which is what makes them continuing; and usually numbered (meaning they can be numbered or
unnumbered)
includes newspapers, magazines, electronic journals, monographic series, annuals (reports and
yearbooks), transactions, proceedings
b) integrating resources – a bibliographic resource that is added to or changed by means
of updates that do not remain discrete and are integrated into the whole
not discrete but integrated into the original resource
examples include loose-leaf publications, remote access databases, updating web sites
A “bibliographic resource” forms the basis for bibliographic description. It’s the most general term for
whatever the cataloger decides to catalog.
A bibliographic resource “may be tangible or intangible.” If a bibliographic resource is tangible, you can
hold it in your hand, like a book or a video. If a bib resource is intangible, you can only access it
indirectly. A web page is intangible because you need a computer to access it. Right now, most of your
work will be with tangible bibliographic resources: books, maps, CDs, videos.
•Finite Resource – A bibliographic resource issued once or over time with a predetermined conclusion.
–includes monographs and finite integrating resources.
•Continuing Resource – A bibliographic resource issued over time with no predetermined conclusion.
–includes serials and ongoing integrating resources.
 Integrating resource - a bibliographic resource that is added to or changed by means of updates that
do not remain discrete and are integrated into the whole.
 Integrating resources can be finite or continuing. Examples of integrating resources include updating
loose-leafs and updating Web sites
 Updates to an integrating resource do not remain discrete, i.e., the additional components are
integrated with the rest of the resource. It is this It is this “discrete” vs. “not-discrete” characteristic
that helps us decide if a bibliographic resource is an integrating resource or not.
A word about the examples of integrating resources. You’ve undoubtedly seen or used updating Web site.
But you may be less familiar with the term updating loose-leafs.
Updating loose-leaf – An integrating resource that consists of one or more base volumes updated by
separate pages that are inserted, removed, and/or substituted. Now, just because something is in a two
or three or four ring binder does not automatically make it an updating loose leaf. Many monographs are
published in loose leaf format with no intention of further updating.
Serials.
 A continuing resource issued in a succession of discrete parts, usually bearing numbering, that has no
predetermined conclusion.
 Examples include journals, magazines, electronic journals, continuing directories, annual reports,
newspapers, and monographic series.
Things to note:
1. Monographic series are considered to be serials; this means that the rules for serials will also
apply to the series area (490s, 440s and 830s) on cataloging records for books; so to some
extent monograph copy catalogers will need a little familiarity with the serial rules. We’ll go over
this in more detail later on.
2. Serials are issued in discrete parts. Each serial issue is distinct, separate from the other issues, in
other words: discrete. The discreteness of serial issues is what distinguishes them from another
subset of continuing resources called Integrating Resources.
What do we mean by Discrete, Usually, No predetermined conclusion

Discrete – separate parts/issues/articles
Usually – unnumbered series or first issue not designated
No predetermined conclusion – no obvious finiteness
28
Resources of limited duration – resources that exhibit the characteristics of serials such as successive
issues, numbering, and frequency, but whose duration is limited •a daily bulletin of non-recurring
meeting
•a quarterly report of a project
•an annual report of an expedition
•Regular reports of a limited-term project
•Annual report of a commission that will exist only for a limited time
•Newsletters from a non recurring event
•Working papers from a single conference
–Doesn’t include five-year plans or censuses
–No need to re-catalog existing records
Because of the nature of a serial publication, entry under the name of a personal author is
extremely rare. Choice of main entry is usually between entry under the name of a corporate body or
entry under the title of the serial.
Ideally a serial should be cataloged based on the first issue or part. In practice, however, the cataloger
does not often have access to the first issue or part. In this case, the description is based on the earliest
available issue or part.
In such a situation a note must always be added to the record explaining which issue or part was used. See AACR2
12.7B23
Basis of the description

Serials: Base the description of a serial on the first issue or part or, lacking this, on the earliest available
issue or part.
Integrating resources: Base the description of an integrating resource, except the beginning date of
publication, on the current iteration of that resource.
The chief source of information for printed serials is the title page (whether published with the
issues or published later) or the title page substitute of the first issue of the serial. Failing this, the chief
source is the title page of the first available issue. The title page substitute for an item lacking a title
page is (in this order of preference) the analytical title page, cover, caption, masthead, editorial pages,
colophon, other pages. Specify the source used as the title page substitute in a note. If information
traditionally given on the title page is given on facing pages, with or without repetition, treat the two
pages as the title page.
Numbering area
Serials: Give this area for serials if cataloguing from the first and/or last issue or part.
Integrating resources: This area is not generally applicable.
Numeric and/or alphabetic, chronological, or other designation area. This area can be used only
when if the first and/or last issue or part is available; if the information is not available this area is
omitted.
This is so because the content of the area must be transcribed from those issues or parts. Available in this context
means that either the cataloger has actual access to the issues or parts or has reliable information about them, i.e., an AACR2
record cataloged buy another institution which did have access to the issues or parts.
Publication Information
Serials: If the place of publication or name of publisher changes on a subsequent issue or part, give the
later place or name in a note if considered to be important.
Integrating resources: If the place of publication or the name of the publisher changes on a
subsequent iteration, change the place of publication or name of publisher to reflect the current iteration
and give the earlier place or name in a note if considered to be important.
Integrating resource
The description of an integrating resource has to be based on the current iteration because nothing else
is available (unless you’ve archived the earlier iterations).
Iteration is an instance of an integrating resource, either as first published or after it has been updated.
It’s the snapshot in time that you see when you’re looking at an integrating resource. Just to clarify: the
most common example of an integrating resource is an updating loose-leaf. The “iteration” is the whole
loose-leaf, not the update pages alone. The earlier iteration is the loose-leaf before the update pages
have been inserted. The later iteration is the loose-leaf after the update pages have been inserted. The
update pages usually include a replacement title page. Because the description is based on the current
title page, the description sometimes needs to be revised.
As long as the resource is the same resource, it is never represented by more than one record. There is
one record for an integrating resource; integrating resources do not use successive entry like serials.
When a data element changes (e.g., title proper, parallel title, publisher - whatever), the description is
revised to reflect the current iteration. Information about an earlier title proper is given in a note; other
earlier information is given in a note if important. And we would always give added access through that
earlier title in field 247.
Numbering
When the bibliographic resource is a serial and the first issue isn’t available, the date is never entered in
field 260. If information about the first/last issue is available elsewhere, it is recorded in a 362 note. The
cataloger always indicates which issue was used as a basis for the cataloging record when the first issue
isn’t available; this Description based on note is always recorded in field 500. This has been and
continues to be standard serial practice. Serial copy catalogers will be familiar with this rule.
29
If you’re working with a previously cataloged record, that record will have to be updated if it has a
Description based on note and the issue you have in hand is earlier than the one used for the description.
For example, the note says “Description based on spring 2003” and the issue you have in hand is “fall
2002.” This is especially important if you get the first issue of the serial; in that case other areas of the
catalog record must be updated. In cases where you have an earlier issue in hand, check with your
supervisor.
If the issue you have in hand is later than the Description based on note, then you can process it unless
you notice major or minor differences from the catalog record that are important for serials.
 Give earliest and latest dates when first and last published issues, parts, or iterations are available
, c1985-2001
 If first/last issue/part/iteration is not available, give information about dates for first/last
issue/part/iteration in a note Began publication in 1954?
Example 1
ASHRAE handbook & product directory / American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers. – 1973-1980. – New Serial
York : ASHRAE, c1973-1980 . Work emanating from corporate body
Numeric and/or chronological or
8 v. : ill. ; 29 cm.
other designation area
Closed entry
Annual.
Mutivolume work
Continues: ASHRAE guide and data book.
Frequency note
Example 2
Journal of Internet cataloging. – Vol. 1, no. 1 (1997)- .–

Binghamton, N.Y. : Haworth Press, 1997-
v. : 25 cm.
Serial
Quarterly. Numeric and/or chronological or
Title from cover. other designation area
Vol. 1 published over three years, 1997-1999. Open entry
Table of contents and abstracts from this journal can be Multivolume work
found at the JIC home page. Frequency note
Also available via World Wide Web; OCLC FirstSearch
Electronic Collections Online; Subscription required for
access to abstracts and full text.
ISSN 1091-1367 = Journal of Internet cataloging.
Example 3
Ex libris news : newsletter of the Ex Libris Association. – No. 1

(spring 1987)- . – London, Ont. : Ex Libris Association,
1987-
v. ; 28 cm.
Two issues yearly.

Title from caption.
ISSN 0833-4278.
Integrating resources. An integrating resource is defined as “a bibliographic resource that is

added to or changed by means of updates that do not remain discrete and are integrated into the whole.”
All continuing resources are added to or changed over their lifetime; the important distinguishing
characteristic of integrating resources is that these additions or changes “do not remain discrete” and
they are “integrated into the whole.” In other words, once the change has been made there is unusually
little or no evidence for the previous iteration of the resource, at least for the changed part. The most
common type of integrating resources are updating loose-leaf publications, remote access databases, and
updating web sites. It should be noted that publication in loose-leaf format does not necessarily mean
that the resource is an integrating resource. It is entirely possible to publish a work in loose-leaf binder
with no intention to issue updates or replacement pages. Such a work is cataloged as a printed
monograph (or perhaps a serial), not an integrating resource.
Basis of description. Description is based on the most current iteration, i.e., whenever a new
iteration occurs, the record for the resource must be examined and revised if necessary. If any changes
occur affecting any area of the description except the date element of area 4 or areas 7 or 9, the record
must be changed to reflect current iteration. If this entails changing or removing information thought to
be important, it may be recorded in a note.
30
Example
Anglo-American cataloguing rules / prepared under the direction of the Joint
Steering Committee for Revision of AACR, a committee of the American
of the American Library Association … [et al.]. – 2nd ed., 2002 revision. –
Ottawa, Canada : Canadian Library Association, c2002.
v. (loose-leaf) ; 30 cm.
Updated annually.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Internet Resources
Metadata
The 15 elements of the Dublin Core

1. Title – refers to the resource name provided by the creator or publisher
2. Creator – refers to an entity primarily responsible for making the content of the resource
3. Subject/Keyword – refers to the resource topic, and is defined by key words or phrases that
describe the resource’s subject
4. Description – an account of the content of the resource; a summary of the content of a resource.
5. Publisher – the party, organization, or corporate body responsible for making the resource
available in its present form
6. Contributor – person or organization responsible for making contributions to the content of the
resource
7. Date – refers to the date when the resource was created or made available
8. Resource Type – refers to the nature or genré of the content of the resource, e.g., home page,
novel, technical report, essays, etc.
9. Format – refers to the physical or digital manifestation of the resource; the size or duration of the
resource; the material or physical carrier of the resource.
10. Resource Identifier – refers to the unique resource identifier (URI), e.g., URL or an ISBN
11. Source – provides a reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived
12. Language – refers to a language of the intellectual content of a resource
13. Relation – identifies a reference to a related resource; the described resource is a version, edition,
or adaptation of the referenced resource
14. Coverage – describes the extent or scope of the content of the resource and describes spatial or
temporal characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource
15. Rights Management – provides a statement or link to information about a rights held in and over
the resource
31
Example 1
Title: Using Dublin Core

Creator: Diane I. Hillmann
Project Manager & Metadata Specialist
National Science Digital Library Project at Cornell
Department of Computer Science
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York, USA
Date Issued: 2000-07-16
Identifier: http://dublincore.org/documents/2000/07/16/usageguide/
Replaces: http://dublincore.org/documents/1998/07/31/usageguide/
Is Replaced By: Not applicable
Latest Version: http://dublincore.org/documents/usageguide/
Translations: http://dublincore.org/resources/translations/
Status of This is a DCMI Working Draft.
Document:
Description of This document is intended as an entry point for users of Dublin Core. For non-
Document: specialists, it will assist them in creating simple descriptive records for information
resources (for example, electronic documents). Specialists may find the document a
useful point of reference to the documentation of Dublin Core, as it changes and
grows.
Example 2
Title Metadata Watch Report #2
Creator Elise Sfeir
Subject-Keywords Deliverable D23; WP2; Metadata Watch Report #2
Description This document comprises the introduction and top-level
Synthesis for D23 Metadata Watch Report #2 plus the domain reports
Publisher PricewaterhouseCoopers
Contributor Michael Day, Erik Duval, Annemieke de Jong, Elise Sfeir, Laurie Causton
Date 7 September 2000
Type Text Manuscript
Format text/html
Identifier-URL
http://www.schemas-forum.org/metadata-watch/2.htm
Document number SCHEMAS-PuC-WP2-D23 Final-200000907
Language English
Rights International Circulation Wilkens Project
http://www.schemas-forum.org/metadata-watch/2.htm
32
DESCRIPTION OF A WEB SITE WITH MARC 21 CONTENT DESIGNATORS

LEADER 000 nam a
Control # ID 003
Date & Time 005
LCCN 010
ISBN 020 _____________________________
Dewey call no. 082 00 _a _____________________________
_2 ___________________________
ME: Pers Name 100 1 _a _____________________________
Title 245 00 _a Memory
_h [electronic resource] :
_b historical collections for the National Digital Library /
_c The Library of Congress.
246 1 _i Title on bar :
_a Home page : American Memory from the Library of
Congress.
246 13 _a American Memory from the Library of Congress.
Edition 250 _a _____________________________
Computer File Char 256 _a Computer online service.
Publication 260 _a [Washington, D.C.] :
_b National Digital Library Program,
_c [1994- ]
Phys Desc 300 _a _____________________________
_b _____________________________
_c _____________________________
_e _____________________________
Playing Time 306 _a _____________________________
Series:Title 440 0 _a _____________________________
Note:General 500 _a Title from home page.
Note:General 500 _a Description based on home page, as viewed on January
13, 2003.
Note:Bibliography 504 _a _____________________________
Note:Content 505 0 _a _____________________________
Note:Performer 511 _a _____________________________
Note:Summary 520 _a _____________________________
Note:Levels 521 _a _____________________________
Note:System Details 538 _a Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Subj:Person 600 17 _a _____________________________
_z _____________________________
_x _____________________________
Subj:Topical 650 1 _a _____________________________
_z _____________________________
_y _____________________________
_x _____________________________
_v _____________________________
Subj:Geographic 650 1 _a _____________________________
_x _____________________________
_v _____________________________
AE:Pers Name 700 1 _a _____________________________
_d _____________________________
_x _____________________________
Local Call No. 900 _a _____________________________
Electronic Loc. 856 _u http://memory.loc.gov/
The same record in a formatted display in the OPAC
Title: American memory [electronic resource] : historical collections for

the National Digital Library / The Library of Congress.
File characteristics: Computer online service.
Published: [Washington, D.C.] : National Digital Library Program, Library of
Congress, [1994- ].
Note: Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Note: Title from home page.
Note: Title on bar: Home page: American Memory from the Library of Congress.
Note: Description based on home page
Elec. Access: http://memory.loc.gov/
33
The same record in card format
The Library of Congress.

American memory [electronic resource] : historical collections for
the National Digital Library / The Library of Congress. – Computer
Online Service. – [Washington, D.C.] : National Digital Library
Program, Library of Congress, [1994- ].
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Title from home page.

Title on bar: Home page: American Memory from the Library of
Congress
Description based on home page, as viewed on August 13, 2003.
Access: http://memory.loc.gov/
Comparison of Metadata and MARC Format

METADATA MARC FORMAT
15 elements (unqualified Dublin Core) Numerous elements
Intended for use by non-catalogers as well as those Requires specialized training and expertise
experienced with using formal description models
Commonly understood set of descriptors, increases Internationally known and recognized data
possibility of interoperability across disciplines
Built on international consensus Realignment of MARC taking place internationally
Well-suited for description of web-based resources Best suited to print resources; well suited to
resources in a tangible, physical form
Flexible Greater flexibility provided through format

integration
No limits to field length Changes and develops slowly; outpaced by

technology
All fields operational and repeatable as needed Some fields optional, others required; only some
fields repeatable

Cataloging Notes

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DEVELOPMENT OF CATALOGING CODES

Rules for descriptive cataloging through groups/committees

8. Anglo American Cataloging Rules

International Standard Bibliographic Description

The ISBDs developed so far:

Parts of the book

Book jacket or dust jacket

ORGANIZATION OF THE DESCRIPTION

Areas of Description & their Elements Prescribed sources of information

Title proper / first statement of responsibility, if different

Title proper [general material designation] = parallel title :

Includes bibliographical references and index.

2.1 TITLE AND STATEMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY AREA (MARC 21 Field 245)

2.1B Title Proper

Five filmwakers may be transcribed as: Five filmwakers [sic]

The alternative title is part of the title proper.

Seven lenses, or, Environmental principles as if

Title page: A Doré Treasury ...

Gilman, Charlotte Perkins.

Ang bulkang taal : isang paglalarawang pasalaysay ng bulkan … /

Other title information dropped to note area

Subtitle: Cartoons from You’re the guest of honor,

Philippine librarianship survey. Supplement.

Making humans : complete texts with an introduction,

Includes bibliographical references [p. 358-359].

2.1D Parallel Title.

The Philippines into the 21st century : future scenarios

Includes bibliographical references (p. [173]-196) and index.

Bhagavad Gita = The song of celestial / the Sanskrit text

The world’s best books : Homer to Hemingway :

Philippine librarianship : case studies and reports : a compilation

Other title information that includes a statement of responsibility or if the name of a

2.1F Statement of Responsibility

The Myers Demonstration Library : an ESEA

Nora Daza’s low-calorie cookbook : with season-by-

Statement of responsibility – omissions

Anglo-American cataloging rules : North American

Issues on agrarian reform in the Philippines /

a. the title is necessary grammatically

b. the omission would leave only a person’s given name or surname

c. the title is necessary to identify a person

/ dramatized adaptations by Patricio Mariano.

Gilman, Charlotte Perkins.

2.1G. Items without a collective title

Note: Contents: Sex and gender / James A. Doyle –

Cataloging and classification / by Maurice F. Tauber.

2.2. EDITION AREA

2.4 PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC., AREA

2.4C. Place of publication, distribution, etc.

Other ways of recording place include:

2.4D. Name of Publisher, Distributor, Etc., Area

A few guidelines can be given:

2. Omit words or phrases that show the publisher function

2.4F. Date of Publication, Distribution, Etc.

[ca. 1960] approximate date

Reprint. Originally published: New York :

2.5 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION AREA

The physical description area includes, as applicable, four elements:

2.5B. Number of volumes and/or pagination

c) give 1 v. (various pagings), 1 case, or 1 portfolio, as appropriate.

2.5C. Illustrative matter

2.5E. Accompanying Material

or as a note 1 sound disc (45 min. : 33 1/3 rpm, stereo : 12 in.)

511 p. ; 27 cm. + teacher’s guide by Rosa Santos