Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.

College of Medical Technology

CC 101 INORGANIC AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

NAME: Maria Fara Angela Dimaano SCORE:

COURSE AND YEAR: BSMT – 1D DATE: OCTOBER 21, 2022

Laboratory Activity No. 5

CHEMICAL BONDING

I OBJECTIVES
After completing this activity, you should be able to

1. Identify the type of chemical bond present in a compound based on its electrical conductivity
property;

2. Relate electrical conductivity property with chemical bonding; and

3. Demonstrate proper ways to test the electrical conductivity of certain materials.

II MATERIALS conductivity apparatus 2 N ethyl alcohol

250-mL beaker (3) glycerine

2 N NaOH tap water

2 N NH4OH cane sugar crystal

2 N acetic acid sodium chloride crystal

2 N cane sugar

III PROCEDURE

1. Half fill the beaker with distilled water. Submerge the electrodes into the water and turn on
the switch of the conductivity apparatus. Notice the bulb and the electrodes. Then, add a spatula of
common table salt and stir. Observe.

2. Unplug the apparatus, wash the electrodes in distilled water and wipe it dry. Do this
procedure after every test for each of the following substances. a. 2 N NaOH

b. 2 N NH4OH

c. 2 N acetic acid

d. 2 N cane sugar

e. 2 N ethyl alcohol

f. glycerine

g. tap water

CALAYAN EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION, INC.

Maharlika Highway, Lucena City, Philippines • Tel. No. +63 (042) 710-2514
www.cefi.edu.ph
 Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
College of Medical Technology

3. Now test the crystals of sodium chloride. Pour the crystals of sodium chloride in a dry beaker
enough to fill ¼ inch of the bottom. Test for the conductivity and observe the result.

4. Unplug the apparatus and add distilled water just enough to dissolve the crystals. Stir and test
again for the conductivity. Observe.

5. Repeat the 3 and 4 procedure using cane sugar crystals. Observe.

6. Tabulate the result in the table below.

Strong electrolyte Weak electrolyte Non-electrolyte (no

Sample
(bright light) (dim light) light)

Distilled water ✓

Distilled water and sodium

✓
chloride

2 N sodium hydroxide ✓

2 N ammonium hydroxide ✓

2 N acetic acid ✓

2 N cane sugar ✓

2 N ethyl alcohol ✓

Glycerine ✓

Tap water ✓

Crystals of sodium chloride ✓

Crystals of cane sugar ✓

IV OBSERVATIONS

After noticing that distilled water causes a flickering light during the conductivity experiment, we came to the
conclusion that it has a weak electrolyte. A dazzling light is created when distilled water and sodium chloride are
mixed, suggesting the existence of a potent electrolyte. Similar reasoning can be used to explain why chemicals like
tap water, ammonium hydroxide, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, and cane sugar all produce dazzling light, a sign of
potent electrolytes. Examining the chemicals, we discovered that glycerine flickered slowly and softly, sodium chloride
crystal flashed dimly, and ethyl alcohol varied between brilliant and dim light; as a result, these three substances had
a weak electrolyte. When we test a cane sugar crystal for conductivity, it produces absolutely no light, demonstrating
that it is not conductible.

Questions:

1. What are electrolytes?

CALAYAN EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION, INC.

Maharlika Highway, Lucena City, Philippines • Tel. No. +63 (042) 710-2514
www.cefi.edu.ph
 Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.
College of Medical Technology
When used to conduct electricity, an electrolyte separates into ions, which are made up of positively and negatively
charged particles. They support a variety of bodily functions, such as maintaining the proper balance of fluids within
and outside of cells and managing chemical reactions.

2. How does electrical conductivity property relate to the type of bond a compound has?

A chemical's ability to transmit electricity is influenced by the kind of connection it possesses. similar to how covalent
compounds lack the significant electrical conductivity of ionic compounds, which are the result of strong electrostatic
interactions between ions. Covalent compounds are unable to conduct electricity due to covalent bonds, which
involve atoms sharing electrons.

3. Explain the difference in the result of the conductivity test between

a. distilled and tap water

When we examine the distilled and tap water. Distilled water shines softly and flickers in comparison to tap water,
which shines brilliantly. Tap water has substantial electrolytes, whereas distilled water does not.

b. sodium chloride crystal and sodium chloride solution

When we evaluate the sodium chloride solution and crystal. Chlorine, sodium

The sodium chloride crystal emits a glinting, dim light, while the solution emits a brilliant light.

c. ammonium hydroxide and acetic acid

When we examine acetic acid and ammonium hydroxide. They both give off a strong glow. Despite the fact that acetic
acid is more visible than ammonium hydroxide.

DRAWING :

VI GENERALIZATION

Since I had never seen the experiment before, it was quite fascinating to see. It's fascinating to watch as chemicals
and solutions are added to water, see what happens, and then see the outcome. It's incredible how many types of
light, including brilliant light, dull light, and no light at all, are produced every time a solution is added and observed.
Covalently bound cane sugar crystals don't emit any light at all. Covalent bonding cause the distilled water, ethyl
alcohol, glycerine, and sodium chloride crystal to flicker and emit weak light. Additionally, an ionic link between the
sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, acetic acid, cane sugar, and tap water emits a dazzling light. Therefore,
Therefore, I conclude that the conductivity of a solution or chemicals depends on the bonds they have.

CALAYAN EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION, INC.

Maharlika Highway, Lucena City, Philippines • Tel. No. +63 (042) 710-2514
www.cefi.edu.ph