8/10/2020 Crystallography

Search Webmineral :

Crystallography
Home Crystal jmol jPOWD Chem X Ray Dana Strunz Properties A to Z Images Share News Help About
Advertisment

Crystallography and Minerals Arranged by Crystal Form

Amorphous Isometric Tetragonal Orthorhombic Hexagonal Trigonal Monoclinic Triclinic

Crystal Groups and Classes - Crystallography groups are composed of 32 classes of symmetry
derived from observations of the external crystal form. From these 32 classes, 230 space groups
are distinguishable using x-ray analysis. For additional information on crystal systems, please
review an excellent on-line treatment of this subject, the Introduction to Crystallography and
Mineral Crystal Systems by Mike and Darcy Howard.

Example Crystal Morphology - To further illustrate these symmetry elements, the example
crystalline forms for each symmetry class were constructed using Faces (version 3.7) by
Georges Favreau for older browsers and a JAVA language program called JCrystal by Steffen
Weber for the java-capable browsers. In addition, Steffen Weber has a new version of JCrystal
called KrystalShaper that can produce paper models of the example crystals. The paper
models for each crystal class have been reproduced in .pdf format (see below) and can be
printed on heavy card stock to construct a physical model. Please note: the paper model forms
may be simplified from the JCrystal forms to avoid overly-complicated cutting.

The example crystals in each group and class were constructed using the following parameters:

Crystallographic axes: a=1, b=1, c=1.

Forms: [214], [104], [024], [100], [010] (Color coded in all example crystals).

This morphology was used in all the crystal groups and classes for drawing the examples and the
stereo images. The higher order forms were selected to best illustrate some of the subtle
differences in the symmetry classes. Remember, most real crystals will probably not have similar
forms when compared to the examples.

Table Crystallography (Mason 68, p18) - The thirty-two crystal classes are summarized by
symmetry elements in the following table which is linked to:

1. Example crystal images within the crystallography group in the yellow columns.
2. Stereo crystal images/java example and mineral listings of each group and class in the
green columns.
webmineral.com/crystall.shtml#.X36w2mgzYkl 1/11
8/10/2020 Crystallography

3. JAVA crystal examples on the individual crystal classes for detailed study. Please note that
the rotational inversion axes of 3,(3BAR) 4 (4BAR), and 6 (6BAR) may not be visible to older
browsers which don't use cascading style sheets (.css).

AXES Hermann-
System (1) Class Name (2) Planes Center Maugin
Symbols (3)
2-Fold 3-Fold 4-Fold 6-Fold
Isometric Tetartoidal 3 4 - - - - 23
Diploidal 3 4 - - 3 yes 2/m 3
Hextetrahedral 3 4 - - 6 - 4 3m
Gyroidal 6 4 3 - - - 432
Hexoctahedral 6 4 3 - 9 yes 4/m 3 2/m
Tetragonal Disphenoidal 1 - - - - - 4
Pyramidal - - 1 - - - 4
Dipyramidal - - 1 - 1 yes 4/m
Scalenohedral 3 - - - 2 - 4 2m
Ditetragonal pyramidal - - - - 4 - 4mm
Trapezohedral 4 - 1 - - - 422
Ditetragonal-Dipyramidal 4 - 1 - 5 yes 4/m 2/m 2/m
Orthorhombic Pyramidal 1 - - - 2 - mm2
Disphenoidal 3 - - - - - 222
Dipyramidal 3 - - - 3 yes 2/m 2/m 2/m
Hexagonal Trigonal Dipyramidal - 1 - - 1 - 6
Pyramidal - - - 1 - - 6
Dipyramidal - - - 1 1 yes 6/m
Ditrigonal Dipyramidal 3 1 - - 4 - 6m2
Dihexagonal Pyramidal - - - 1 6 - 6mm
Trapezohedral 6 - - 1 - - 622
Dihexagonal Dipyramidal 6 - - 1 7 yes 6/m 2/m 2/m
Trigonal Pyramidal - 1 - - - - 3
Rhombohedral - 1 - - - yes 3
Ditrigonal Pyramidal - 1 - - 3 - 3m
Trapezohedral 3 1 - - - - 32
Hexagonal Scalenohedral 3 1 - - 3 yes 3 2/m
Monoclinic Domatic - - - - 1 - m
Sphenoidal 1 - - - - - 2
Prismatic 1 - - - 1 yes 2/m
Pedial - - - - - - 1
Triclinic
Pinacoidal - - - - - yes 1

ISOMETRIC - Mike and Darcy Howard's Details on The Cubic (Isometric) System

Isometric (Cubic) Crystal Classes

webmineral.com/crystall.shtml#.X36w2mgzYkl 2/11
8/10/2020 Crystallography

Crystal Axes Example Form Java Example Paper Models

Forms and Links
to Mineral
Listings

Isometric
Minerals Class Unknown
Crystal Form Mineral Listing
Example

[214], [104],
[024], [100],
[010]

Isometric
Crystallographic
Axes Isometric
Diploidal Mineral
Listing
H-M Symbol (2/m
3)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Isometric
Gyroidal Mineral
Listing
H-M Symbol (4 3
2)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Isometric
Hexoctahedral
Mineral Listing
H-M Symbol (4/m
3 2/m)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Isometric
Hextetrahedral
Mineral Listing
H-M Symbol (4
3m)

Java Crystal Pop-up

webmineral.com/crystall.shtml#.X36w2mgzYkl 3/11
8/10/2020 Crystallography

Isometric
Tetartoidal Mineral
Listing
H-M Symbol (2 3)

Java Crystal Pop-up

TETRAGONAL - Mike and Darcy Howard's Details on The Tetragonal System

Tetragonal Crystal Classes

Java Example
Forms and Links
Crystal Axes Example Form Paper Models
to Mineral
Listings

Tetragonal Mineral
Crystal Form Class Unknown
Example Mineral Listing

[214], [104], [024],

[100], [010]

Tetragonal
Dipyramidal
Tetragonal Mineral Listing
Crystallographic H-M Symbol (4/m)
Axes
Java Crystal Pop-up

Tetragonal
Disphenoidal
Mineral Listing
H-M Symbol (4)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Tetragonal
Ditetragonal
Dipyramidal
Mineral Listing
H-M Symbol (4/m
2/m 2/m)

webmineral.com/crystall.shtml#.X36w2mgzYkl 4/11
8/10/2020 Crystallography

Java Crystal Pop-up

Tetragonal
Pyramidal Mineral
Listing
H-M Symbol (4)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Tetragonal
Ditetragonal-
pyramidal Mineral
Listing
H-M Symbol
(4mm)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Tetragonal
Scalenohedral
Mineral Listing
H-M Symbol (4
2m)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Tetragonal
Trapezohedral
Mineral
H-M Symbol (4 2
2)

Java Crystal Pop-up

ORTHORHOMBIC - Mike and Darcy Howard's Details on The Orthorhombic System

Orthorhombic Crystal Classes

Crystal Axes Example Form Java Example Paper Models

Forms and Links

webmineral.com/crystall.shtml#.X36w2mgzYkl 5/11
8/10/2020 Crystallography

to Mineral
Listings

Orthorhombic Minerals
Crystal Form Example Class Unknown
Mineral Listing.
[214], [104], [024],
[100], [010]

Orthorhombic
Dipyramidal
Orthorhobic Mineral Listing
Crystallographic H-M Symbol (2/m
Axes 2/m 2/m)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Orthorhombic
Disphenoidal
Mineral Listing
H-M Symbol (2 2
2)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Orthorhombic
Pyramidal Mineral
Listing
H-M Symbol
(mm2)

Java Crystal Pop-up

HEXAGONAL - Mike and Darcy Howard's Details on The Hexagonal System (Hexagonal
Division)

Hexagonal Crystal Classes

Java Example
Forms and Links
Crystal Axes Example Form Paper Models
to Mineral
Listings

webmineral.com/crystall.shtml#.X36w2mgzYkl 6/11
8/10/2020 Crystallography

Hexagonal Minerals Class Unknown

Crystal Form Mineral Listing.
Example.

[214], [104], [024],

[100], [010]

Hexagonal
Hexagonal Dihexagonal
Crystallographic Dipyramidal
Axes Mineral Listing
H-M Symbol (6/m
2/m 2/m)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Hexagonal
Dihexagonal
Pyramidal Mineral
Listing
H-M Symbol
(6mm)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Hexagonal
Dipyramidal
Mineral Listing
H-M Symbol (6/m)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Hexagonal
Ditrigonal
Dipyramidal
Mineral Listing
H-M Symbol (6
m2)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Hexagonal
Pyramidal Mineral
Listing
H-M Symbol (6)
webmineral.com/crystall.shtml#.X36w2mgzYkl 7/11
8/10/2020 Crystallography

Java Crystal Pop-up

Hexagonal
Trapezohedral
Mineral Listing
H-M Symbol (6 2
2)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Hexagonal
Trigonal
Dipyramidal
Mineral
H-M Symbol (6)

Java Crystal Pop-up

TRIGONAL - Mike and Darcy Howard's Details on The Hexagonal System (Trigonal Division)

Trigonal Crystal Classes

Java Example
Forms and Links
Crystal Axes Example Form Paper Models
to Mineral
Listings

Trigonal Minerals
Crystal Form Class Unknown
Example. Mineral Listing.

[214], [104], [024],

[100], [010]

Trigonal
Trigonal Ditrigonal
Crystallographic Pyramidal Mineral
Axes Listing and Stereo
image.
webmineral.com/crystall.shtml#.X36w2mgzYkl 8/11
8/10/2020 Crystallography

H-M Symbol (3m)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Trigonal
Hexagonal
Scalenohedral
Mineral Listing and
Stereo image.
H-M Symbol (3
2/m)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Trigonal
Pyramidal Mineral
Listing and Stereo
image.
H-M Symbol (3)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Trigonal
Rhombohedral
Mineral Listing and
Stereo image.
H-M Symbol ( 3)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Trigonal
Trapezohedral
Mineral Listing and
Stereo image.
H-M Symbol (3 2)

Java Crystal Pop-up

MONOCLINIC - Mike and Darcy Howard's Details on The Monoclinic System

webmineral.com/crystall.shtml#.X36w2mgzYkl 9/11
8/10/2020 Crystallography

Monoclinic Crystal Classes

Java Example
Forms and Links
Crystal Axes Example Form Paper Models
to Mineral
Listings

Monoclinic Minerals
Crystal Form Class Unknown
Example. Mineral Listing.

[214], [104], [024],

[100], [010]

Monoclinic
Monoclinic Domatic Mineral
Crystallographic Listing
Axes H-M Symbol (m)
β <> 90°
Java Crystal Pop-up

Monoclinic
Prismatic Mineral
Listing
H-M Symbol (2/m)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Monoclinic
Sphenoidal Mineral
Listing
H-M Symbol (2)

Java Crystal Pop-up

TRICLINIC - Mike and Darcy Howard's Details on The Triclinic System

Triclinic Crystal Classes

Crystal Axes Example Form Java Example Paper Models

Forms and Links
to Mineral
Listings
webmineral.com/crystall.shtml#.X36w2mgzYkl 10/11
8/10/2020 Crystallography

Triclinic Minerals
Crystal Form Class Unknown
Example. Mineral Listing.

[214], [104],
[024], [100], [010]

Triclinic Triclinic
Crystallographic Pedial Mineral
Axes Listing
α,β,γ <> 90 H-M Symbol (1)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Triclinic
Pinacoidal Mineral
Listing
H-M Symbol ( 1)

Java Crystal Pop-up

Advertisment

Jasa forwarder china

100% Garansi Barang Sampai & kami Punya Fitur Live Tracking
Khusus Member di Wilopocargo.

webmineral.com/crystall.shtml#.X36w2mgzYkl 11/11