SUBJECT 5: READING COMPREHENSION

PARAPHRASE/ SENTENCE RESTATEMENT

1. PARAPHRASE/SENTENCE RESTATEMENT
Typical questions:
1. The sentence “ .....” could be possibly be restated as ....
2. The sentence in line ...... could be restated as ....
3. By writing the sentence “.....” the author implies that .....
4. Which of the following best restates ideas of parahraph ... “

 Tips untuk menjawab soal tipe ini adalah:

1. Pahami konteks dari seluruh parahraf dengan metode scanning. (ketika blm mendapatkan
gambaran)
2. Ambil pilihan yang memiliki informasi yang sama dengan bacaan dan pilihan ganda.
3. Identifikasi kalimat yang memiliki informasi yang sama, biasanya berupa rangkuman
dari paragraph. Biasanya yang diubah adalah struktur kalimat atau menggunakan
sinonim.

Sentence Restatement Examples:

1. Willy Wonka was famous for his delicious candy. Children and adults loved to eat it.
1 2 3 4
= Willy Wonka was known throughtout the world because people enjoyed eating the tasty
candy he made.
1 3 4 2

2. Flu symtomps include nasal congestion and fever.

1 2
= High temperature and stuffy feeling are signs of flu.
2 1

3. This product can breakdown ecxess body fat, thus help in shedding some pounds.
1 2
= This product help you lose weight by getting rid of unnecessary fat in your body.
2 1

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Example 1:
There is no better way to experience the splendor of classical music than to attend a concert.
Compared to pop or rock concerts, performances of classical music may seem strange indeed. First of all,
people dress “up,” not “down”: at classical events, attendees wear “costumes” or “uniforms” (coat and tie,
suit, or evening wear) of a very different sort than they do at, say, rock concerts (punk, grunge, or metal
attire). Throughout the performance, the classical audience sits rigidly, saying nothing to friends or
performers. No one sways, dances, or sings along to the music. Only at the end of each composition does the
audience express itself, clapping respectfully.
But classical concerts weren’t always so formal. In the eighteenth century, the audience talked during
performances and yelled words of encouragement to the players. People clapped at the end of each movement
of a symphony and often in the middle of the movement as well. After an exceptionally pleasing performance,
listeners would demand that the piece be repeated immediately (an encore). If, on the other hand, the audience
didn’t like what it heard, it would express its displeasure by throwing fruit and other debris toward the stage.
Our modern, more dignified classical concert was a creation of the nineteenth century, when
the musical composition became to be considered a work of high art worthy of reverential silence.
1. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence?
Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. At a time of change in the attitude toward classical music of the 19th century, concerts were
given greater dignity.
B. Although the classical concert had not previously been treated with silent respect, it now is,
due to a change in perspective over a century ago.
C. A shift in opinions in the 19th century led to more highly regarded art, such as classical music
concerts, which audiences refrain from disrupting.
D. The modern reception to classical music is highly influenced by a time in the 19th century
when classical music came to be regarded as an art.

Example 2:

There's not that much about the trouble of either role and precious little about combining the roles.
Yet half the women who are married in our society are working." Nor is much thought given to the task of
loosening the ties entrapping men. Lyn Richards, a working mother, grateful for the privilege of genuinely
choosing and being able to afford the role, criticizes the systematic exclusion of men from child rearing and
the really pretty fabulous aspects of having children.
2. The expression “precious little about combining the roles”. (Paragraph 2) In the passage means....
A. being either a married or a career woman
B. working both in an office and at home
C. serving the family and doing office work
D. enjoying motherhood and caring for the family
E. having a dual role of mother and career woman

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EXERCISES:
The closest planet to our sun and the smallest in the solar system, Mercury is alsi one of the least
understood. Compared to more glamorous planets like Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, Mercury has received mush
less atention from scientific study mission. But NASA’s Messenger probe is set to reveal the secret behind
the odd planet.
Mercury, due to its closeness to the Sun, is not nearly as dense as the core ratio of the Earth. The
iron core makes up most of the planet’s mass. The “density” of something is a measure of how much it
weights (technically, its mass) per amount of space it takes up (its volume).
The planet Mercury is so small and so close to the Sun that it does not have any atmosphere. Perhaps
Mercury has no atmosphere because of the weak gravity of the planet which prevents an gases from getting
trapped near its surface.
Lastly, the surface of Mercury is smooth and devoid of craters, which is strange because it was long
suspected that the sueface had been bombarded with space rocks and other falling debris. If one were to
compare Mercury to another planet, it could be compared to the planet Mars, which is also smooth.

1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted
sentence in the passage? Incorect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out
important information.
A. Neither Mercury nor Earth has a significant core density.
B. Earth is less dense than Mercury in so much as it is closer to the Sun.
C. Earth is farther away from the Sun, so it has a higher density than that of Mercury.
D. Mercury is closer to the Sun than Earth.

Yet, total healthcare expenditures have risen from $41 billion in 1965 to $750 billion in 1991 and
approximately $800 billion in 2009. While these data are at best rough estimates, there is one certainlty. We
spent only a tiny percentage of the $800 billion on prevention. Pbservers of modern healthcare policy and
management have repeatedly pointed out that we are headed into a major crisis in healthcare.
Many healthcare professionals indicate that the crisis will become apparent during the second half of
this decade. It is a complex story within the healthcare scheme of technological modernization that has one
profound and simple reality. There will not be enough money to pay for the healthcare costs of this country.
And that is why this healthcare crisis is so significant. The costs of advancements in modern medical
technology and services have been projected between $1.5 to $2.3 trillion by the year 2020.

2. By writing the sentence “While these data are at best rough estimates, there is one certainlty.
We spent only a tiny percentage of the $800 billion on prevention.” the author implies that .....
A. Professionals have spent nearly $800 billion on prevention healthcare costs.
B. Almost 1 trillion dollars has been spent on healthcare costs in the 1960’s.
C. Healthcare administrators have spent only a small fraction of all healthcare costs on
preventing diseases.
D. According to the researchers, statistics suggest that healthcare professionals have spent
most of the $800 billion.

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 Analysis of the findings by later researchers led to the term the Hawthorne effect, which describes the
increase in performance of individuals who are noticed, watched, and paid attention to by researchers or
supervisors. What the original researchers found was that any change in a variable, such as lighting levels,
led to an improvement in productivity; this was true even when the change was negative, such as a return
to poor lighting. The effect faded when the attention faded. The Hawthorne-effect concept endures today
as an important experimental consideration in many fields and a factor that has to be controlled for in an
experiment.

3. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in
passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential
information.
A. Good lighting increased productivity and poor lighting led to a decrease in productivity
B. Any change, positive or negative, resulted in increased productivity
C. Researchers found that darkening the lights improved worker’s productivity
D. Changing the lighting levels affected the productivity of workers

Hydroponics offers a number of benefits over conventional agriculture. It happens indoors, and so
does not require large areas of land. In fact, hydroponics farms can be located in industrial warehouses in or
near large cities. This gives them another advantage over traditional farms since they can be located much
closer to the markets for their produce, reducing distribution and transportation costs for hydroponics
farmers. The indoor location allows farmers to create controlled environments. This means not only does
the weather not affect crops, but farmers can grow crops that would not normally thrive in a particular
region, such as tropical vegetables in Canada. But hydroponics farms are not without their drawbacks. For
one thing, some important food crops do not grow well hydroponically. Most herbs and vegetables thrive,
but important sources of nutrition like carrots, potatoes, and corn are either not suitable or hard to grow.
And so much space would be required to raise staple crops like rice and wheat cost-effectively that their
hydroponic cultivation is not practical. Further, most foods that grow well hydroponically are relatively low
in protein, a vital nutrient for human health.
4. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence?
Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential
information.
A. Hydroponics farms benefit from reduced costs by being placed near large markets
B. Farmers contemplating growing hydroponically should consider factors like distribution
C. The main advantage of hydroponics compared to conventional farming is its location
D. The markets for both conventional and hydroponics crops are situated close to farms

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