ВИ ВЕ КИ А И А КА

– 90 И А КА ИЈЕ
к к

И И А А Е ИЈ КА И А ИВАЊА
Е ЕЊЕ А В Ј И ИЈ
Е А , 2011.
И И И – 90 И ИЈ

И И ИЈ И И Њ

а авача
Ј Ш

Ре а ја
( )
-

( )

Ре е е т
Ђ ђ

ISBN 978-86-81121-06-1
 Е В

2008. , , .
ђ П в вет
ат а а – 90 а а је, 13. 14. -
И -
. -
Ш ,a
( - ).
ђ -
, , ђ , , , , , ,
,Ц . 23 -
– 13 10 .
.

,
. .
ђ ,
,, “
. -
ђ , ( , -
, , .) .
, , ,
, , -
. -
, -
.
:
( ,
, ...),
( , /
/...), , , , -
( , , , , -
, , , , ...), -
( , -
, ђ , -
, ...), .

3
 И И И – 90 И ИЈ

, ,
, , -
.
-
. , -
-
.
ђ
.
, , -
,
-
.И ђ . -
,, “.
, -
, . -
: , ,
, , ,И . -
. -
,
. ђ
.
, , , .
,, “, -
, , ,
. -
, .
: Рат -
п ат ја, п а в ј а у ат а а, е ат ,, а ч -
ве “, Ка ју ве ује њењу, И в ( ђ ).
И -

.
ђ ,
( , - -
),
, -
.
,
,
, ђ .
.

Ред кциј З р ик р д

4
 PREFACE

PREFACE

The 90th anniversary of the WWI ending was marked in Serbia and
abroad during 2008 with a number of activities. The international scientific
conference “WWI and the Balkans – 90 years later” was one of those activi-
ties, and held in Belgrade on November 13-14, 2008, organized by the De-
partment of Military History of the Institute for Strategic Research. The Mi-
nister of Defence of the Republic of Serbia Dragan Šutanovac opened the
Conference. The Conference was held under the auspices of the Ministry of
Labour and Social Policy (The Disabled Veterans’ Support Department)
Participants from France, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Greece, Tur-
key, Romania, Slovakia, Canada, Montenegro, and Slovenia contributed
to the international character of the Conference. Papers were presented
by 23 participants, out of which 13 from abroad and 10 from Serbia. Re-
ports were not published in the Proceedings but papers that were submit-
ted to the Editorial staff. For that reason, we included in the Proceedings
several papers of our colleagues who did not participate in the Conferen-
ce but their papers covered the topics related to WWI. We have not pu-
blished Conference panel discussions. However, those discussions re-
main the significant contribution of scientific knowledge exchange for
sometimes politically “overheated“ Balkans stories. Papers in the Proce-
edings came from the various archives of different countries (military,
political, diplomatic, personal funds etc.) and literature.
Spatially, papers refer to the Balkans, whether they are about the
Balkans boundary war regions or those related to Serbia as the central
country of the Balkans peninsula. Some papers present regions out of the
Balkans following the refugees and certain alliances as the consequence
of the war.
The issue of war was the focus in the papers of this Proceedings:
war challenges (whether to join the war or remain neutral, to fail the alli-
ance or assist, alliances in war...), organization and formation of militari-
es (alliances in military units, Serbian fieldmarshals in the war/ destiny
of families...), war operations, front-lines, strategic experience, war con-
sequences (ocupation, crimes, terrors, casualties, imprisonment, exile,
prisons, concentration camps, anti war mutinies...) preconposition of
area (plans of new states creation, military and political regrouping, oc-
cupation or liberation, faiths of alliances, starting point of a new state...),
relations of politicians and soldiers, etc.

5
 И И И – 90 И ИЈ

The war anniversary, in this case 90th, is an opportunity to observe

the time of WWI with the sufficient time distance that is necessary for
the historical science. Publishing the Proceedings is important because
the scientific relations are deepened and achievements of the Serbian mi-
litry history are presented. The scientific contribution is undoubtfull in
relation to getting into details of certain topics and raising different issu-
es on how the war has reflected to all society segments.
The cause of this war was found in the Balkans and this region was
marked over the history as a place where war conflicts had been started.
Wars had started with ultimatums, misuderstandings, incapacities of di-
plomacy to bridge over contrarieties, lack of will for compromises and
everything ended with millions of the dead and wounded. No one had
come out of war untouched and uninjured. Out of that reason the victory
had its price and the winners had their “scars“.
In WWI, the empires fell apart, the revolutions won and the new
states were created. In, till that time, greatest cataclism the greatest
world powers confronted: Germany, France, Great Britain, Russia, the
USA, Italy, etc. The destiny of a conqueror had been decided on their
battlefields. The Balkans battlefield was important and certainly the
most important to Serbia but yet one battlefield of many. Decisive bat-
tles were not waged on that battlefield and there were not frontal con-
flicts of great powers. That is the reason for taking into consideration our
own role that has been frequently emphasized. It should be stressed that
everyone had “his own burden“, and with a moderate scientific appro-
ach, recognizing what others thought of us, themselves and others, we
could define our place the best. If this Proceedings is one pebble more
due to that effort then in our opinion we think that we have succeeded.
The Proceedings are conceived according to the following topics: A
War and Diplomacy, The Serbian Military in war years, Great War and „or-
dinary man“, Towards Yugoslav Integration, Sources (archives and memos).
The Department of Military History of the Institute of Strategic Re-
search is grateful to all participants from abroad who presented their po-
int of view of WWI.
Also, we appreciate the auspices of this Conference (The Ministry
of Labor and Social Policy (The Disabled Veterans’ Support Depart-
ment) as well as great thanks to colleagues from the Sector for Defence
Policy of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Serbia who unsel-
fishly assistedd in the organization of this event.
The Proceedings from this Conference, although published with the
small delay, represent the crown of the common endavour of two mini-
steries of the Government of Serbia. The Proceedings are submmitted to
review and critical appraisal to the scientific and general public.

Editorial board of the Proceedings

6
 И И И – 90 И ИЈ

UDK 355.088-057.3(497.11)“1914/1918“

И
,

В Ј И ВЕШ Е ИЦИ К Ј В Ј ЦИ 1914–1918.

1839. . 29. -
ђ -
, 31.
-
.1 ,

.
.
,
-
.2
,
ђ .
.3
,
-
28. 1876. .4
. -
1912. 1913. -
, -
. , -
, Ш
( ),
.
.5
____________
1
,„ –
“, ј е , 1–2003, . 168–184 ( : . ,„ ...“).
2
22. 1888. -
1888. , , , 1888.
3
. ,„ ...“
4
И т .
5
И. , И т ј а у а п е ве у чувању а т
тва ању аве,
, 1933. :
,„ Ц “, : Деве е ет
а тва ања а а аве а, , 2003.

118
 Ј И Ш ИЦИ Ј Ј ЦИ 1914–1918

-
. -
ђ -
. ,
5. 1914. Ш ,
6
. -

.
3. 1915. -

. 29.
1915.
. 404.020 -
23. 1915. , 92 .7
,
1915. , , ,
Ц .8 -
, 1916.
, , -
.
, ,
. 7. 1916.
ђ ђ -
.9 ,
14. 1916. ђ
-
ђ .10
18. 1916. .11
21, 22,
23. 24. .
18.
1916. .12
14 , 6. -
-
Ш .
6. , -
.
____________
6
,
3, . 86, . 3, . 11/1.
7
3, , 4, 3/1, 1–6. ј тање е уп е
п е в ј е а а п чет а еп јате е а ве 23. епте а 1915. е.
8
: , ја у П в
вет ату, , 1984. , Рат ев је 1914, , 1973.
9
, 3, 263, 6, 4/5.
10
, 3, . 263, . 6, . 4/7.
11
, 5, . 10, . 6, . 33.
12
, 5, . 10, . 6, . 30.

119
 И И И – 90 И ИЈ

ђ , 4. , 5.
, 6. , 17.
, , -
.
18. 1916. Ш
18 .13
,
, 13. ,
13. , 13. -
, 13. , 14. -
, 14. , 14.
, 15. , 15.
, 15. , 20. -
, 20. -
.
Ш 18. 1916.
17 -
.14
ђ 10. , 11.
, 11. , 11. -
, 11. , 12.
, 12. -
, 12. , 19.
, 19. , 4. Ш -
, 12. ,Ш -
,Ш -
, Ш
Ш .
18. -1916.
11 -
.15 ђ Ш -
, 1. , 1. , 2. ,
3. , 3. ,
3. , 16. ,
16. , -
. 20. -
1916. .16 14 -
, ђ 7. , 8.
, 9. , 18.
, 18. , ,
, .
____________
13
, 5, . 10, . 6, . 31.
14
, 5, . 10, . 6, . 32, . 1.
15
, 5, . 10, . 6, . 33.
16
, 5, . 10, . 6, . 30.

120
 Ј И Ш ИЦИ Ј Ј ЦИ 1914–1918

-
( , ,
, ). -

.И -
ђ -
. ђ
,
ђ
.

20. -
1916. .17 -
, 24. 1916.
. -
-
. -
ђ -
, .18

14. 1916. .19 ђ

6 , 8, , -
,Ш 7,
4, 2,
3, 5,
3 . ђ
, -
ђ
.
ђ ,
.
-
ђ , ,
. -

.
8 , 7,
7, 6, Ш
7, 9 .
-
.
____________
17
, 5, . 10, . 2, . 34.
18
, 5, . 10, . 6, . 26.
19
, 5, . 10, . 6, . 9.

121
 И И И – 90 И ИЈ

,
19. 1916. Ш
-
-
, ђ .20 -
Ј , 25.
1916.
„ “ .21
, -
ђ .
31. -
. ђ , -
, 29. -
1916. .
-
. -
-
, , -
, , , , , , , -
.
.22 , -
23. 1917.
-
ђ
. -
-
-
,
2. 1917.
.23
ђ , 30. 1916. ђ
( ,
), -
ђ 8. 1917. , 1917.
.24 -
ђ 9. 1918. .25
.26
____________
20
, 5, . 10, . 7, . 29.
21
, 3, . 263, . 6, . 5/15.
22
, 5, . 10, . 8, . 38; , 3, . 263, . 7, . 5/26 5/44; -
, 3, . 296, . 1, . 1/3.
23
, 3, . 296, . 2, . 1/101.
24
, 3, . 435, . 3, 15/21.
25
, 3, . 321, . 9, . 5/77.
26
, 3, . 296, . 1, . 1/1; , 3, . 296, . 2, . 1/99.

122
 Ј И Ш ИЦИ Ј Ј ЦИ 1914–1918

, -
11. 1916. -
, . 18. -
1916.
.27 -
1916. -
-
.
-
.
1916.
.28
-
.
25. 1916. 12 -
18
.29 29. 1916. -
-

.30 Ш
31. 1916.
Ш . -
, .31
Ш
11. 1916. ђ -

15. Ш .32 -
Ш
џ . ,
Ш .
-
, -
. , -
,
.
ђ ђ , -
, ,
, .33
____________
27
, 5, . 10, . 2, . 21; , 3, . 264, . 9, . 11/6.
28
, 5, . 10, . 11, . 36.
29
, 3, . 246, . 6, . 12/1, . 1.
30
, 3, . 246, . 6, . 12/1, . 2.
31
, 3, . 246, . 6, . 12/1, . 2.
32
, 3, . 246, . 6, . 12/2, . 1.
33
,„
“, ј т ј а , 1–2/2007, . 7–20.

123
 И И И – 90 И ИЈ

ђ .Ј -

18. 1916. .34

.
, -
.35
-
1918.
( ).36 -
, 23. 1918.
ђ ђ -
.37 1918. -
ђ .38
1918.
ђ
.
, , -
,
.39 -
2.
20. 1919. .40
, -

. -
-
, -

-
. ,
,
. ђ , -

____________
34
, 9, . 47, . 2, . 26/5.
35
, 3, . 134, . 4, . 4, 3. ђ -
, 8. 1916. .
36
, 3, . 321, . 10, . 5/115; , 3, . 321, . 10, . 5/133.
37
, 3, . 321, . 10, . 5/138.
38
, 3, 321, . 10, . 5/140. 30. -
1918.
.
39
, 3, . 321, . 10, . 5/145.
40
Ј , 1919–1929, 158.

124
 Ј И Ш ИЦИ Ј Ј ЦИ 1914–1918

ђ -
ђ . И
,
,
ђ .

Major Miljan Milkić, ag.

Military History Department
Institute for Strategic Research
Belgrade, Serbia

ARMY CHAPLAINS IN SERBIAN ARMY 1914–1918.

(Summary)
The tradition of army chaplains existence and organization of religi-
ous life in the Serbian military is linked to 1839. In the following years
different laws and regulations were adopted and based on them various
segments of the religious service in the military were regulated. Chaplains
were government officials who the King with his decree appointed after
the Defense Minister’s proposal. Chaplains played an important role in
all the battles in which Serbian army participated. During the Balkan
wars in 1912 and 1913 there was an officer in the Serbian military for the
confessions of the Defence Ministry who was responsible for all army
chaplain. During World War I army chaplains of Orthodox, Islamic and
Jewish confessions were involved in the Serbian Military in different
tasks. At the beginning of World War I out of 404,020 conscripted mem-
bers of the Serbian Military, 1992 were chaplains. The duty on which the
chaplains were most engaged was working in the Serbian and allied mili-
tary hospitals. Serbian army chaplains were engaged in different activities
and abroad (France, Switzerland, Tunisia and Algeria). Army chaplains
were engaged during the celebrations of national and religious holidays
and during the celebration of the infantry and cavalry regiments’s patron
saints. The main Christian holidays, Christmas and Easter, as well as ma-
jor holidays of the Islamic and Jewish religions were marked almost wit-
hout exception every war years. Funeral and memorial service for the kil-
led and the dead soldiers was also one of the duties of army chaplain. Di-
visional chaplains drew up the curriculum for moral education of soldi-
ers. Available data on the chaplains who participated in the First World
War are still incomplete and not determined. Lists on which we could de-
termine the number of chaplains involved were saved in the Serbian mili-
tary archives, but the number is not final because the chaplains, when ne-
eded, were relatively very often deployed to other units.

125
 А АЈ

....................................................................................................... 3

А И И А ИЈА
1. Lieutenant-Colonel Dr. Laurenţiu Cristian DUMITRU
JULY-AUGUST 1914 ROMANIA DENIES TO ATTACK SERBIA ......... 7
2. . Ј И
И ЈИ - Ј И
( )..................................... 19
3. Yves V. RAIC
“THE NATION IS CLOTHED WITH NEW DIGNITY”:
Canada’s Coming of Age at Versailles ........................................................... 33
4. Dr. Marek MEŠKO
THE MISSION OF MILAN RASTISLAV ŠTEFÁNIK IN SERBIA ........... 54
5. Lieutenant-Colonel Dr. Dimitrios A. KATSIKOSTAS
THE OUTBREAK OF THE HELLENIC SPLIT IN THE CONTEXT
OF THE WWI ............................................................................................... 81

КА В Ј КА А И И А А

1. И - И
Ј И ИЈ 1916. И 1917. И
( ) ....................................................................... 99
2. И И
Ј И Ш ИЦИ Ј Ј ЦИ 1914–1918. ................... 118
3. И
ИИ И И(
)– a ............. 126

ВЕ ИКИ А И „ А И“ Ч ВЕК

1. Dr. Ferenc POLLMANN

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN ATROCITIES AGAINST SERBIANS
DURING THE WWI ..................................................................................... 133
2. Ђ И
И И ИЦИ ИЈИ
1914–1915. И E ................................................................................... 142
3. ЈИ
И ИЦ ........................... 148
4. Dr. Tamara SCHEER
FORCES AND FORCE: Austria-Hungary’s Occupation Regime
in Serbia during the First World War ............................................................ 161
5.
И И Ј И
Ј Ц Ј 1918. И ИЊ ИЈ
................................................................... 180

289
6. Dr. Esat ARSLAN
OTTOMAN MILITARY GOVERNORATE IN ROMANIA
IN WORLD WAR I ...................................................................................... 188

КА Ј ВЕ К ЈЕ ИЊЕЊ
1. Ј Ј Ц
1918 – Ђ Њ И И ЦИЈ И Ј ? ....... 199
2. Ђ ђ
Ц Ј
– ................................................................... 224
3. . Ђ ђ И
Ј Ј ИЈ ......................................................... 232

И В И

1. Emmanuel PÉNICAUT
SOURCES OF THE HISTORY OF SERBIA IN THE FRENCH
MILITARY ARCHIVES ............................................................................... 247
2. И
И Њ Ј
K Ц Ј 1915. И ........................................... 252
3. И , И
A И Ђ Ј И ИЈИ
................................................................... 265
4. И ИЈ И
ИЈ И Ј И
ИЦ И РАТНИК ................................. 277

290
 CONTENTS

PREFACE ............................................................................................................. 5

WAR AND DIPLOMACY

1. Lieutenant-Colonel Dr. Laurenţiu Cristian DUMITRU .................................... 7

JULY-AUGUST 1914 ROMANIA DENIES TO ATTACK SERBIA
2. Doc. Dr. Mira RADOJEVIĆ
N IDEA OF SERBIAN-BULGARIAN UNITY DURING WORLD WAR I
(Contribution to the study) ............................................................................. 19
3. Yves V. RAIC
“THE NATION IS CLOTHED WITH NEW DIGNITY”:
Canada’s Coming of Age at Versailles .......................................................... 33
4. Dr. Marek MEŠKO
THE MISSION OF MILAN RASTISLAV ŠTEFÁNIK IN SERBIA ........... 54
5. Lieutenant-Colonel Dr. Dimitrios A. KATSIKOSTAS
THE OUTBREAK OF THE HELLENIC SPLIT IN THE CONTEXT
OF THE WWI ............................................................................................... 81

SERBIAN ARMY IN WAR YEARS

1. Dr. Slavica RATKOVIĆ – KOSTIĆ

ARMY OF THE KINGDOM OF SERBIA IN 1916 AND 1917
(Organization and formation) ........................................................................ 99
2. Major Mag. Miljan MILKIĆ
ARMY CHAPLAINS IN SERBIAN ARMY 1914–1918 ............................. 118
3. Dr. Milan TERZIĆ
FATHERS AND SONS
(Heroes in First and Family Martyrs in Second World War) ......................... 126

THE GREAT WAR AND “ORDINARY” MAN

1. Dr. Ferenc POLLMANN

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN ATROCITIES AGAINST SERBIANS
DURING THE WWI ..................................................................................... 133
2. Major Mag. Slobodan ĐUKIĆ
AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN PRISONERS OF WAR IN SERBIA 1914–1915 ........ 142
3. Dr. Dušica BOJIĆ
SERBIAN REFUGEES IN FIRST WORLD WAR ...................................... 148
4. Dr. Tamara SCHEER
FORCES AND FORCE: Austria-Hungary’s Occupation Regime
in Serbia during the First World War ............................................................ 161
5. Captain Mag. Dalibor DENDA
ANTI-WARMUTINY OF AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN SOLDIERS IN
KRAGUJEVAC, JUNE 1918, AND ITS LATER PROPAGANDA USAGE ..... 180

291
6. Dr. Esat ARSLAN
OTTOMAN MILITARY GOVERNORATE IN ROMANIA
IN WORLD WAR I ...................................................................................... 188

TOWARD THE YUGOSLAV UNIFICATION

1. Dr. Mile BJELAJAC

1918 – LIBERATION OR OCUPATION OF NON-SERBIAN LANDS? .. 199
2. Academician Đorđe BOROZAN
MONTENEGRO IN FIRST WORLD WAR – Destiny of an Alliance ........ 224
3. Prof. Dr. Đorđe STANKOVIĆ
HOW YUGOSLAVIA STARTED ............................................................... 232

SOURCES

1. Emmanuel PÉNICAUT
SOURCES OF THE HISTORY OF SERBIA
IN THE FRENCH MILITARY ARCHIVES ................................................ 247
2. Dr. Božica MLADENOVIĆ
TWO MEMOIR NOTES ON SERBIAN WITHDRAWL THROUGH
MONTENEGRO AT THE END OF 1915 .................................................... 252
3. Mag. Marijana MRAOVIĆ, Major M.Sc. Rade PAVLOVIĆ
ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS OF THE MILITARY ARCHIVE
ABOUT SERBIA IN FIRST WORLD WAR ............................................... 265
4. Lieutenant-Colonel Mag. Ivan MIJATOVIĆ
STRATEGIC EXPERIENCES OF THE SERBIAN MILITARY
FROM WWI ON THE PAGES OF THE MAGAZINE “RATNIK” ............ 277

292
 И И
„ И И И
– 90 И ИЈ “

Тех ч у е
Ђ

е ту а

П ев ае е је

К пјуте а а а
Ј

300

ISBN 978-86-81121-06-1

Ш
CIP –
,

94(497)"1914/1918"

Ђ "
- 90 " (2008 ; )
" - 90 " :
/[ ]. -
: #И ,#
, 2011 ( : ). - 292 . :
. ; 24

. . . - ,
ђ
" - 90 ",
13. 14. 2008. .-
300. - .
- . .

ISBN 978-86-81121-06-1

a) 1914-1918 -
-
COBISS.SR-ID 184182028