30/03/2021

Lab report
Aims and equations:
How the color of an object affects how good it is at emitting radiation
Measurement state: Measurement we are going to take, the instruments you will use
and explain why by discussing precision.
 We are going to measure the temperature difference using a thermometer. We
use a thermometer because to see the change in temperature. Thermometers
usually include mercury which is more sensitive than other material like alcohol
hence you can get a finer reading when using mercury thermometers
 We are also going to measure time using a timer. This is precise because we
can set the timer for a specific time and when the time ends and starts beeping,
we can start seeing the temperature change. Also we do not need to consider
reaction time since the time is set for a specific time. We need to measure the
volume at eye level and below the meniscus to reduce parallax error.
 To measure the volume of the liquid we are going to use a measuring cylinder.
Although its not as precise as a pipette it allows use to have a rough reading of
the volume quickly and the difference in volume will not affect the temperature of
the liquid which we are aiming to investigate. Hence this decreases systematic
errors
Diagram of the experiment:

Variables of the experiment:

Independent variable: Color of the cups
Dependent variable: Difference in temperature
Control variables: Volume of liquid, time taken for temperature to decrease and type of
cup used in the experiment
Equipment’s:
 Thermometers
 Different colored cups
 Measuring cylinder
 Water
 Timer
 Temperature control water bath
 Tongs/gloves
Method of the experiment:
1. Measure the volume of water using a measuring cylinder
2. Add the measured volume of water into 5 different colored cups
3. Place the cups into a thermostatically controlled water bath until it reaches 80
degrees Celsius. Use tongs or gloves when retrieving the cups as it will be hot
4. After place, the cups in an area where it is room temperature
5. Place the thermometer into the cups
6. After set, the timer for 5 mins
7. After 5 mins check how much the temperature decreased by and record the
results in a results table
8. Now to remove any systematic or random errors repeat the experiment three
times so the error cancels out through averaging of results.
Safety precautions:
 When taking the cups away from the water bath remember to use tops or gloves
as the cups will be hot and can cause burns to skin if not treated properly
Results table:
Color of cup Starting temperature ( C) Final temperature ( C) Difference in
Temperature ( C)
Black 80 40 40
Dark grey 80 45 35
Grey 80 50 30
Light grey 80 55 25
White 80 60 20
Graph:

Temperature differnece of liquid in different colored cups

45
40
Temperature difference ( C)

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Black Dark Grey Grey Light Grey White
Color of cups

Color of cups