IMPORTANCETOFTCLEINTTCOUNSEL

LING

SUBMITTEDTTOT:TMR.TMANOJTKUMARTSIRT

SUBMITTEDTBYTSARATPARVEEN

SEMESTERTVI

ROLLTNOT130

HIDAYATULLAHTNATIONALTLAWTUNIVERSI

TY,TRAIPUR

1T|TP a g e
 TABLETOFTCONTENTS

1. AcknowledgementT……………………………………...…..03

2. ResearchTMethodology……………………………………..04

3. Introduction…………………………………………………06

4. Objectives………………………………………….………..07

5. CounsellingTFunctions……………………………………....08

6. InitialTandTSubsequentTInterviewing…………………………11

7. ConclusionT……………………………………………….....18

8. Bibliography………………………………………….……..19

2T|TP a g e
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

AtTtheToutset,TITwouldTlikeTtoTexpressTmyTheartfeltTgratitudeTandTthankT

myTteacher,TMr.TManojTKumarTSirTforTputtingThisTtrustTinTmeTandTgiving

TmeTaTprojectTtopicTlikeTthisTandTforThavingTtheTfaithTinTmeTtoTdeliverTi

tTtoTtheTbest.TSir,TthankTyouTforTanTopportunityTtoThelpTmeTgrow.

MyTgratitudeTalsoTgoesToutTtoTtheTstaffTandTadministrationTofTHNLUTforT

theTinfrastructureTinTtheTformTofTourTlibraryTandTITTLabTthatTwasTaTsour

ceTofTgreatThelpTforTtheTcompletionTofTthisTproject.

SaraTParveen

(SemesterTSix)

3T|TP a g e
 RESEARCHTMETHODOLOGY

ThisTDoctrinalTresearchTisTdescriptiveTandTanalyticalTinTnature.TSecondaryT

andTElectronicTresourcesThaveTbeenTlargelyTusedTtoTgatherTinformationTand

TdataTaboutTtheTtopic.

BooksTandTotherTreferenceTasTguidedTbyTFacultyThaveTbeenTprimarilyThelp

fulTinTgivingTthisTprojectTaTfirmTstructure.TWebsites,TdictionariesTandTarticl

esThaveTalsoTbeenTreferred.

FootnotesThaveTbeenTprovidedTwhereverTneeded,TtoTacknowledgeTtheTsourc

e.

4T|TP a g e
 INTRODUCTION

ProfessionalTLegalTEducationTshouldTnecessarilyTfocusTonTtheTlawyeringTskills.TClientTc

ounsellingTisTaTvitalTskillTinTwhichTtheTstudentsTofTlawTshouldTbeTtrained.TOneTofTthe

TsignificantTfunctionsTofTaTlawyerTisTtoTadviseTtheTpeopleTwhoTseekTassistanceTinTkno

wingTtheTlegalTimplicationsTofTtheirTactions.TTheTlawyerTisTlookedTuponTtoTfacilitateTd

ecisionTmakingTinTcertainTcriticalTlegalTmatters.TThisTfunctionTofTtheTlawyerTinfluencin

gTandTfacilitatingTdecisionsTisTcalledTcounselling.TBarTCouncilTofTIndia,TtheThighestTpr

ofessionalTbodyTofTlawyers,ThasTaTkeyTroleTinTProfessionalTLegalTEducation.1TItThasTd

rawnTupTaTdetailedTschemeTonTpracticalTtrainingTconsistingTofTprofessionalTethics,Tbarb

enchTrelations,TcontemptTofTcourt,TmootTcourt,Tpre-

trialTprocedures,Tnegotiations,TinterviewingTandTcounselling,TdraftingTofTconveyancesTand

Tpleadings,TlegalTaid,TpublicTinterestTlawyeringTetc.1

Definition:TLegalTCounselingTisTtheTprocessTofThelpingTaTclientTtoTmakeTaTdecisionT

•TAsTpartTofTthatTprocess,TtheTlawyerTmayTgiveTherTopinionTaboutTtheTmatterTandTma

yTdrawTonTmoral,Tsocial,TeconomicTandTotherTconsiderationsTinTsoTadvising.T2

TheTwordT'Counsel'ThasTitsToriginTinTtheTLatinTwordT'consilium'TwhichTmeansTadvice.3

AccordingTtoTBlacks'TLawTDictionary,TcounselTmeansTadviceTandTassistanceTgivenTbyTo

neTpersonTtoTanotherTinTregardTtoTaTlegalTmatter,TproposedTlineTofTconduct,TclaimTorT

contention.TAsTaTmatterTofTfactTlawyersTareTalsoTlegalTcounsels.TCounsellorTisTanTattor
1
Thttp://www.vpmthane.org/law1/Princ-Articles/Client_Counseling_for_Tomorrow.pdf
2
Thttp://www.law.indiana.edu/instruction/profession/2010/doc/intro_counseling.pdf
3
TOxfordTReferenceTDictionary,TOxfordTUniversityTPress,T2003

5T|TP a g e
ney;Tlawyer;TmemberTofTtheTlegalTprofessionTwhoTgivesTlegalTadviceTandThandlesTtheT

legalTaffairsTofTclient,TincludingTifTnecessaryTappearingTonThisTorTherTbehalfTinTcivil,T

criminalTorTadministrativeTactionTandTproceedings.4

OBJECTIVES

 ToTstudyTaboutTclientTcounsellingT

 ToTknowTaboutTtheTprocessesTinvolvedTinTclientTcounselling

4
TWestTPublishingTCompany

6T|TP a g e
 COUNSELLINGTFUNCTIONS

TheTprocessTofTcounsellingThasTtwoTfunctions:T

1.TToThelpTtheTpersonTtalkTabout,TexploreTandTunderstandThisTorTherTthoughtsTandTfee

lingsTandTworkoutTthatTwhatTheTorTsheTmightTdoTbeforeTtakingTaction.

T2.TToThelpTtheTpersonTdecideTonThisTorTherTownTsolutions.5

LawyersTcounselTtheTclientTinTdecidingThowThisTproblemTcanTbeTsortedToutTunderTthe

Tlaws.TLegalTcounsellingTisTtheTprocessTbyTwhichTaTlawyerTcommunicatesTadviceTtoTa

Tclient.6

ATclientTisTaTperson,TnaturalTorTlegalTwhoTapproachesTtheTlawyerTforTlegalTassistance.

TTheTwordTclientThasTitsTrootsTinTtheTLatinTwordT'clients'.TClientTisTaTpersonTusingTt

heTservicesTofTaTprofessionalTpersonTorTorganizationT7.TCounsellingTisTtheTactivityTinT

whichToneTpersonTseeksTandTinToneTwayTorTanother,TpaysTforThelpTfromTanotherTpers

on.TItTisTcharacterizedTbyTneedTonToneTsideTofTtheTrelationship,TbyTwillingnessTtoThel

pTonTtheTother,TandTbyTandTinterTpersonalTcontractTbasedTonTmutualTattraction.8Counsel

lingTasTaTprofessionalTactivityTwillTinvolveTcompetenceTandTexpertiseTinTadditionTtoTm

5
TMikeTMegranathan,TCounsellingTinTDorothyTM.TStewartTManagementTSkills,TInfinityTBooks,TDelhiT2003.Tp9
9
6
TV.TNagarajTandTFrankTBlock,TInterviewingTandTCounsellingTinTN,.R.TMadhavaTMenon,TClinicalTLegalTEducati
on,TEasternTBookTCo.TLucknow,T2003
7
TsupraTn.3
8
TThomasTL.TShaffer,TLegalTInterviewingTandTCounselling,TWestTPublishingTCompany,T1976

7T|TP a g e
ereTwillingness.TLegalTcounsellingTisTfairlyTconsideredTaT'service'TunderTtheTConsumerT

ProtectionTAct,T1986TmakingTtheTlawyerTaccountableTforTdeficiency.9TInTaTcounsellingTr

elationshipTtheTclientThasTtoTopenThimselfTtoThelpTandTtheTlawyerThasTtoTprotectTtheT

bestTinterestsTofThisTclient.TLegalTinterviewingTandTcounsellingTisTwhatTlawyersTdoTinT

anTofficeTwhereTtheyTseeTclientsToneTorTtwoTatTaTtime,TwithTtheTdoorTclosed.10

LawyersTelicitTinformationTfromTtheirTclients,TwhichTinformationTformsTtheTbasisTforTth

eirTadvice.TLegalTcounsellingTcanTbeTforTlitigationTorTforTplanning.TClientsTmayTseekT

adviceTasTtoTproperTlegalTcourseTofTactionTbeforeTCourtsTorTasTtoTestate,TtaxTorTbusin

essTplanning.

CLIENTTINTERVIEWING

InTaTlawyerT-

TclientTmeeting,TtheTclientTopensTupTandTtalksThisTproblemTandTconcernsTandTexpresse

sThisTexpectations.TTheTlawyerTlistens,TnotesTdownTandTquestionsTtheTclientTforTnecess

aryTinformation.TThereTisTaTsharingTofTinformation,TviewsTandTneedsTthroughTverbalTc

ommunication.TThisTcommunicationTwhichTisTtheTlifeTbloodTforTeffectiveTcounselingTisT

calledT'interviewing'.TClientTinterviewingTisTaTprominentTpartTofTlegalTprofession.TGivin

gToptions,TsuggestingTalternatives,TeffectiveTclientTrepresentation,TdraftingTofTdocuments,

Tpre-trialTpreparationsTetc.TareTallTdependentTonTthisTclientTinterviewing.11

9
TForTfurtherTreadingTSee,TConsumerTProtectionTAct,T1986;TAvtarTSingh,TLawTofTConsumerTProtection,TEast
ernTBookTCo;TIndianTLawTInstitute,TATTreatiseTonTConsumerTProtectionTLaws;TD.N.TSaraf,TLawTofTConsumer
TProtectionTinTIndia,TTripathi.
10
TThomasTL.TShaffer,TSupraTn.7
11
Thttp://www.vpmthane.org/law1/Princ-Articles/Client_Counseling_for_Tomorrow.pdf

8T|TP a g e
PURPOSETOFTCLIENTTINTERVIEWING

TTheTlawyersTrequireTtoTknowTtheTfactualTdimensionsTofTtheirTclient'sTsituation.FactualT

matricesTareTtheTconditionsTforTlawsTtoToperate.T"NeatTpackagesTofTfactTareTapredicate

TforTprofessionalTactivityTbyTlawyers".12TOneTfundamentalTpurposeTofinterviewingTisTtoT

knowTtheTfactsTstory.TTheTresponsibilityTofTgatheringTtheTfactsTisTthatofTtheTlawyer.TT

heTfactTthatTtheTclientThasTapproachedTaTlawyerTitselfTconveysTthatTheTorsheThasTident

ifiedTsomeTlegalTproblems.TButTtheTclientTmayTnotTknowTwhatTmatters,Tfacts,instancesT

andTdocumentsTareTsignificantTandTrelevant.TTheTlawyerTwillThaveTtoTextractTthenecessa

ryTinformationTandTidentifyTtheTlegallyTsensitiveTfacts.TExpressionTofTfeelingsTlikedisillu

sionment,Tdisgustion,TpainTetcTcanTalsoTconstituteTimportantTfacts.TIdentificationTofwitne

sses,TdocumentsTetc,TareTalsoTdoneTbyTinterviewing.

TheTsecondTsignificantTpurposeTofTinterviewingTisTbuildingTtheTprofessionalTrelationship

TwithTtheTclient.TTheTlawyerTshallTensureTtoTtheTclientTthatThisTinterestsTwillTbeTwell

TtakenTcareTofTandTheTandThisTfeelingsTwillTbeTgenuinelyTrespected.TMutualTtrustTisTt

heTcharacteristicTfeatureTofTtheTprofessionalTrelationship.TIfTtheTclientTdoesTnotTtrustThe

TmayTnotTdivulgeTcertainTsecretsTandTmayTfindTuneasyTtoTdiscussTcertainTdelicateTmatt

ers.TItTisTpertinentTtoTnoteTthatTtheTdutyTtoTmaintainTconfidentialityTisTimplicitTinTtheT

lawyersTdutyTtoTgiveTpriorityTtoTtheTinterestsTofTtheTclient.TBarTCouncilTstandardsTofT

professionalTconductTandTetiquetteTmandatesTthatTtheTadvocatesTshallTnotTdirectlyTorTin

directly,TcommitTaTbreachTofTtheTobligationsTimposedTbyTSectionT126TofTtheTIndianTE

videnceTAct.13

12
TId
13
TBarTCouncilTStandardsTofTProfessionalTConductTandTEtiquettesTRuleT17

9T|TP a g e
InTestablishingTtheTprofessionalTrelationshipTtheTlawyerTwillTbeTnecessarilyTinterestedTin

TknowingTcertainTpersonalTdetailsTaboutTtheTclient,ThisTbackground,TcredibilityTetc.TIfTt

heTlawyerThasTcertainTreasonsTtoTdisbelieveTtheTclientTheTshallTopenlyTdiscussTwithTth

eTclientTtheTfactorsTinhibitingTtheTtrustTrelationship.TFinallyTitTisTtheTpreferenceTofTthe

TlawyersTtoTdecideTwhetherTtoTtakeTupTtheTcaseTofTtheTclient.14TInTtheTprofessionalTre

lationshipTmutualTobligationsTwillTbeTdiscussedTandTagreedTupon.TOneTinterestingTandTi

mportantTaspectTisTthatTofTfees.TQuotingTtheTfeesTisTanTartTbestTlearntTbyTexperience.

TLawyerTshallTbeTguidedTbyThisTstandTatTtheTbar,TnatureTofTtheTcase13TandTaffordabil

ityTofTtheTclient.TFreeTlegalTassistanceTtoTtheTneedyTisTaTnobleTduty.15TAnTAdvocateTs

hallTnotTstipulateTforTaTfeeTcontingentTonTtheTresultsTofTlitigationTorTagreeTtoTshareTth

eTproceedsTthereof.16TheTthirdTnotableTfunctionTofTinterviewingTisTunderstandingTtheTex

pectationsTofTtheTclient.TWhatTareTtheTinterests,TexpectationsTandTconcernsTofTtheTclien

t?

TUnlessTtheseTareTunderstoodTandTseriouslyTconsidered,TtheTeffortsTtoTsatisfyTtheTclient

TwillTgoTinTvain.TItTshouldTbeTrememberedTthatTitTisTtheTsatisfiedTclientTwhoTwhileTa

dvertiseTforTthatTlawyer.17

INITIALTANDTSUBSEQUENTTINTERVIEWING

14
TsupraTn.11TRuleT11Treads:TanTadvocateTisTboundTtoTacceptTanyTbriefTinTtheTcourtsTorTtribunalsTorTbefo
reTanyTotherTauthorityTinTorTbeforeTwhichTheTproposesTtoTpracticeTatTaTfeeTconsistentTwithThisTstandingT
atTtheTBarTandTtheTnatureTofTtheTcase.TSpecialTcircumstancesTmayTjustifyThisTrefusalTtoTacceptTaTparticula
rTbrief.
15
TSupraTn.11TRuleT46
16
TSupraTn.T11TRuleT20
17
TsupraTn.T11TRuleT36Treads:TanTadvocateTshallTnotTsolicitTworkTorTadvertise,TeitherTdirectlyTorTindirectly.

10T|TP a g e
InterviewingTtheTclientTmayTbeTaTcontinuousTprocessTasTtheTmatterTproceeds.TThereTma

yTbeTcasesTofTaTsingleTinterviewTandTcounselling.TButTgenerallyTwhenTtheTclientTseeks

TcounsellingTandTassistanceTinTdecidingTfromTalternativesTavailableTandTalsoTrepresentati

onTinTtheTCourtsTorTotherTmeansTofTimplementationTofTtheTdecisions,TinterviewTwillTb

eTanTonTgoingTprocess.TTheTfirst/

initialTinterviewingTshallTbeTcarefullyTattendedTto.T"ButTtheTinitialTinterviewTisTessential

TtoTcementingTtheTfoundationTforTtheTlawyer-

clientTrelationship.TIfTtheTjobTisTpoorlyTdone,TtheTfoundationTwillTbeTunableTtoTsupport

TtheTconstructionTofTtheTcomplexTprofessionalTrelationshipTneededTtoTconductTaTlongTo

rTemotionallyTdifficultTcase."18TheTclientTmayTbeTveryTnervousTorTskeptical.TItTmayTbe

TnerveTwrackingTforTtheTclient.TLawyersTshallTdevelopTtheTabilityTtoTspotTnervousnessT

andTtheTcapabilityTtoTtackleTsuchTclients.TAnTinformalTfriendlyTenquiry,TofferingTrefresh

ments,TchangingTenvironmentTmayTbeTrequiredTtoTmakeTsuchTclientsTcomfortable.TTheT

lawTofficeTshallTbeTproperlyTventilatedTandTilluminated.TOrderlyTarrangementTandTaesthe

ticTlookTofTtheTofficeTshallTbeTgivenTdueTattention.TOfficeTatmosphereTshouldTkeepTthe

TclientsTcomfortable.TMeetingsTwithTclientsTshouldTbeTinTprivacyTwhereTeverTdesirableT

otherwiseTclientsTwillTnotTopenTup.TTheyTshallTbeTassuredTthatTtheirTsecretsTwouldTbe

TsafeTinTtheTlawyersThands.

InterviewingTTechniquesTInterviewingTisTaTveryTpurposefulTactivityTandTattendingTtoTsm

allTthingsTinTaTmeticulousTmannerTcanTprovideTfruitfulTresults.TCounsellorsTshouldTbeT

patientTandTcarefulTlisteners.TThatTtheTclientThasTapproachedTaTparticularTlawyerTshows

TthatThe/

18
TRobertTM.TBastressTandTJosephTD.THarbaugh:TInterviewing,TCounsellingTandTNegotiatingTSkillsTforTEffectiv
eTRepresentation,TLittleTBrownTandTCompany.

11T|TP a g e
sheTtrustsTtheTlawyerTandTaTpatientThearingTwillTonlyTenhanceTtheTtrust.TMoreoverTthe

TclientTfearsTthatThisTproperty,TlifeTorTlibertyTwouldTbeTatTstakeTandThisTfeelingTshoul

dTbeTrespected.TLawyerTshouldTlistenTwithTinterestTandTensureTuninterruptedThearing.TO

fficeTstaffTshouldTbeTinstructedTaccordingly.TPhysicallyTrespondingTtoTwhatTisTsaid,Tco

mmentingTandTquestioningTonTcertainTsignificantTmattersTwillTassureTcomfort.TLawyerTs

hallTmindTtheTmannerTandTtoneTofTtheirTquestions.TSilencesTwillThaveTtoTbeTtolerated,

TunwarrantedTinterruptionTcanTblockTimportantTinformation.TAnTatmosphereTthatTencoura

gesTexpressionsTofTfeelingsTshouldTbeTensured.TButTtheTlawyerTshallTbeTdispassionateTa

ndTobjectiveTlestThisTlogical,TcriticalTandTanalyticalTskillsTwillTbeTimpaired.19

BEFORETCOUNSELLING

TCounsellingTisTaTprofessionalTactivityTanchoredTonTtheTspecialTknowledgeTofTtheTcoun

sellor.TTheTclientTinTmostTcasesTabsolutelyTsurrendersThisTmatterTtoTtheTlawyerTandTac

ceptsThisTsuggestionTinTtoto.TTheTlawyerTisTdutyTboundTtoTupholdTtheTbestTinterestsTo

fThisTclientsTbyTallTfairTandThonourableTmeans.TAnTadvocateTshallTnotTdoTanythingTw

herebyTheTabusesTorTtakesTadvantageTofTtheTconfidenceTreposedTinThimTbyThisTclient.

T20ThereTcanTbeTdisciplinaryTactionTbyTBarTCouncilTforTbreachTofTcodeTofTethics.19TL

awyerTshallTalsoTbearTinTmindThisTaccountabilityTunderTconsumerTlawTandTcommonTla

w,21

TheTlawyerTshallTunderstandTtheTfollowingTbeforeTcounsellingTaTclient

-T1.TTheTfactsTpertainingTtoTtheTclients'Tsituation

19
Thttp://www.vpmthane.org/law1/Princ-Articles/Client_Counseling_for_Tomorrow.pdf
20
TSupraTn.T11,TRuleT24
21
TSeeTSectionT35,TAdvocatesTActT196

12T|TP a g e
T2.TClients'TperspectivesTandTexpectations

T3.TClients'TconcernsTasTtoTcosts,TconsequencesTandTrisksT

4.TLawTapplicableT

5.TConsiderationsTofTjustice,TfairnessTandTmoralityT

6.TBarTCouncilTCodeTofTEthicsT

DuringTCounsellingTLawyerTshallTactTresponsiblyTwhileTcommunicatingTlegalTadviceTtoT

theTclient.TCareTshallTbeTtakenTtoTspeakTinTclient'sTlanguage.TATlayTmanTcannotTappre

ciateTlegalTterminology.TItTshallTbeTtheTdutyTofTtheTlawyerTtoTassistTtheTclientTinTund

erstandingThisTrightsTandTduties.TTheTlawyerTshallTexplainTallToptionsTinTtheTsituationT

withTconsequencesTandTcosts.TAssistanceTinTmakingTchoiceTfromTavailableToptionsTshall

TbeTrendered.TNoToptionTshallTbeTforcedTuponTtheTclient.TAnTadvocateTshallTnot,TatTa

nyTtime,TbeTaTpartyTtoTfomentingTofTlitigation.22TheTlawyerTshallTbeTobjectiveTandThon

estTandTexplainTtheTweaknessTofTtheTcaseTasTwell.T

EFFECTIVETCOUNSELLING

TEffectiveTpresentationTofTaTlegalTopinion/

adviceTdependsTonTseveralTimportantTrequirements.TSubstantialTthoroughnessTinTtheTkno

wledgeTofTlawTandTprocedureTisTaTmust.TLogicalTandTcriticalTthinkingTwillTenhanceTap

preciationTofTtheTobjectiveTdimensionsTofTtheTclient'sTsituation.TGoodTinterTpersonalTski

22
TSupraTn.T11TRuleT18

13T|TP a g e
llsTwillThelpTinTinterviewingTtheTclientTproperlyTandTbroadeningTtheTinformationTbase.T

SharpTcomprehensionTskillsTwillTbeTrequiredTtoTappreciateTtheTexpectationTandTconcerns

TofTtheTclient.TLiberalTeducationTaboutTdevelopmentsTandThappeningsTaroundTisTalsoTi

mportant.TWeThaveTtoTbeTaliveTtoTtheTfastTchangingTwouldTaroundTus.TUpdationTofTk

nowledgeTbyTkeepingTabreastTofTchangesTinTcodifiedTlawTandTofTlatestTdecisionsTofTC

ourtsTandTtribunalsTisTindispensable.TClarityTofTthoughtTandTgoodTcommunicationTskills

TareTessentialTtoTsendTtheTmessageTacrossTtoTtheTclient.T

LEARNINGTCOUNSELLINGTSKILLS

TLearningTtoTapplyTlawTinTaTgivenTsituationTcanTmarkTtheTbeginning.TThisTwillThelpT

studentsTtoTidentifyTtheTproblem,TformulateTtheTissuesTandTseekTsolutionTunderTlaw.TW

eTcannotTconceiveTofTaTlawyerTwhoTcannotTtalk.TCommunicationTskillsTcanTbeTlearntT

byTinteractingTinTtheTclassTroomTdiscussions.TRaisingTquestionsTshouldTbeTencouraged.T

TheTopportunityTtoTanswerTquestionsTraisedTinTtheTclassroomTcanTbeTofferedTtoTstudent

sTwithTtheTteacher'sTconcludingTremarks.TClassroomTpresentationsTonTsmallTtopicsTshoul

dTbeTcompulsoryTforTstudents.TSuchTpresentationsTshouldTbeTatTleastTfiveTforTeachTstu

dentTinTeveryTterm.TGroupTdiscussionsTandTseminarsTforTstudentsTwillTopenTmoreTgates

TforTstudentTparticipation.T5TCounsellingTcanTbeTtaughtTtoTstudentsTbyTstimulationTexer

cises.TTheTlawyer'sTroleTandTtheTclient'sTroleTcanTbeTenactedTforTtheTobservationTofTst

udentsTonThypotheticalTproblems.TSufficientTpre-

planningTisTrequired.TATvarietyTofTproblemsTwillThaveTtoTbeTchosen.TTheTstudentsTcan

TbeTgivenTmockTcounsellingTexercisesTwhereTtheyTwillTinterviewTandTcounsel.TTheTstu

dentsTcanTpickTupTcounsellingTskillsTbyTobservingTrealTinterviewsTandTcounsellingTinTa

14T|TP a g e
nTadvocate'sToffice.TThisTrequiresTcooperationTonTtheTpartTofTadvocatesTandTalsoTtheTc

onsentTofTtheTclients.TLegalTaidTclinicsTandTlegalTaidTcampsTcanTofferTgreatTopportunit

yTtoTlawTstudentsTinTlearningTcounselingTtechniques.23

CONCLUSION

23
Thttp://www.vpmthane.org/law1/Princ-Articles/Client_Counseling_for_Tomorrow.pdf

15T|TP a g e
ClientTcounselingTisTtheTessenceTofTtheTattorneyTclientTrelationship.TInTtheTattorneyTclientTrelatio

nship,TtheTclientThasTcomeTtoTtheTattorneyTseekingTtheTbenefitsTofThisTorTherTexperience,Tknowl

edge,Texpertise,TandTpracticalTwisdomTtoTsolveTsomeTkindTofThumanTproblem.TInTthisTrelationshi

p,TtheTclientTexpectsTloyalty,Tunderstanding,Tprofessionalism,Tempathy,Tadvocacy,Tcompetency,Tgo

odTlegalTadvice,TandTsuccess.TInTreturn,TtheTattorneyTexpectsTtheTclientTtoTbeTtruthful,Tcooperati

ve,TtoTsatisfyTcertainTbasicTcontractualTobligationsTandTalsoThopesTforTsuccess.TClientTcounselingTi

sTtheTpointTwhereTtheseTdifferentTexpectationsTintersect.TClientTcounselingTisTtheTprocessTbyTwhi

chTtheTattorneyThelpsTtheTclientTdecideTwhichTlegalTandTpracticalTpathTisTbestTforTtheTclient.TTh

eTclientTmustTmakeTtheTultimateTdecisions,TbecauseTitTisTtheTclient’sTlife,TpropertyTorTotherTinter

estsTthatTareTatTstake.TInTmostTsituationsTtheTattorney’sTroleTisTtoThelpTfurnishTalternativesTandT

toThelpTtheTclientTtoTselectTfromTamongTtheseTalternatives.TForTclientTcounselingTtoTbeTeffective,

TthereThasTtoTbeTaTmutualTsenseTofTconfidenceTandTtrust.TInTotherTwords,TthereTmustTfirstTbeT

anTeffectiveTandTpositiveTattorneyTclientTrelationship.TTheTbetterTtheTattorneyTclientTrelationship,T

theTeasierTitTisTtoTprofessionallyTcounselTtheTclient.TGoodTprofessionalTclientTcounselingTmakesTit

TeasierTforTaTclientTtoTmakeTgoodTdecisionsTinThisTorTherTcase.TGoodTclientTcounselingTalsoTrequ

iresTopen,Tcandid,TandTeffectiveTcommunicationTbetweenTattorneyTandTclient.

FromTaTpurelyTmechanicalTviewpoint,TtheTtypicalTclinicalTcaseTisTreadyTforTtheTcounselingTphaseT

whenTtheTfactTdevelopmentTandTlegalTresearchTphasesTareTmoreTorTlessTcomplete.TOnceTallTtheT

factsTareTunderstoodTandTtheTlawTisTrelativelyTclear,TtheTlawTstudentTandTtheTclientTcanTbeginTa

TdialogueTonThowTaTgivenTlegalTmatterTshouldTbeTaddressedTorTresolved.TInTthisTprocess,ToneTsh

ouldTbeTawareTthatTfactsTandTlawTareTalwaysTsubjectTtoTsomeTchangeTandTtoTdifferingTinterpret

ations.TSimilarly,TtheTstudentTshouldTbeTawareTthatTclientTcounselingTisTanTon-

goingTprocessTthatTstartsTwhenTtheTclientTfirstTcomesTinTforTanTinterviewTandTonlyTendsTwhenTt

heTrepresentationTisTcompleted.TLikeTotherTstagesTinTtheTattorneyTclientTrelationship,TsomeTcases

16T|TP a g e
TareTeasilyTcounseledTbecauseTtheTlegalTcourseTisTclear;TinTotherTcasesTtheTchoicesTforTtheTclient

TareTmanyTandToftenTconflicting.TTheseTlastTcasesTrequireTmuchTmoreTcounseling.TInTsomeTcases,

TpreliminaryTlegalTorTpracticalTadviceTmayThaveTalreadyTbeenTgiven.TPartTofTtheTcounselingTproce

ssTshouldTincludeTaTreevaluationTofTanyTpreliminaryTadviceTthatThasTbeenTgiven.TInTtheTtypicalTc

ase,TtheTprocessTofTeducatingTtheTclient,TdefiningTalternatives,TandThelpingTtheTclientTmakeTgood

TcaseTdecisionsTwillTprobablyTrequireTseveralTmeetingsTandTletters.TAsTaTgeneralTproposition,Tclie

ntsTmayTnotTbeTreadyTtoTmakeTfullyTinformedTdecisionsTatTanTearlyTstageTinTtheirTcase.TSimilarly

,TinTaTtypicalTcase,TtheTlawTstudentTmayTnotTbeTreadyTtoTgiveTgoodTlegalTadviceTuntilTtheTfactsT

andTlawTareTrelativelyTwellTsettledTandTtheTsupervisingTfacultyTmemberThasTbeenTconsulted.TOne

TrealityTofTtheTfactTorTcaseTdevelopmentTstageTisTthatTfactsTandTlawTmayTchangeTaTbit.TAsTtheT

factsTandTlawTinTaTcaseTchange,TlegalTopinionsTandTadviceTmayTalsoThaveTtoTchange.THopefully,T

theseTchangesTinTdirectionTareTnotTabruptTorTdrastic.TWhenTtheseTchangesTareTdrasticTorTabrupt,

TtheTlawTstudentTisTwellTadvisedTtoTcarefullyTexplainTtheTreasonsTforTtheseTabruptTchangesTinTp

osition.TThisTrealityTofTchangeTasTtheTcaseTdevelops;ThelpsTexplainTwhyTmanyTlawyersTareTcautio

usTorTtentativeTinTgivingTadviceTorTcounselingTinTtheTearlyTstagesTofTtheTcase.TFinally,TlegalTcoun

selingTmayToccasionallyThaveTtoTbeTaThastyTprocess.TThisTisTbecauseTexternalTfactorsTsuchTasTple

adingTdeadlinesTorTotherTtime-

basedTforcesTmayTlimitTtheTamountTofTtimeTavailableTtoTtheTattorneyTtoTcarefullyTweighTandTdel

iberate.TInTcertainTlimitedTsituations,TaTclientTmayThaveTtoTmakeTaTcriticalTdecisionTinTaTveryTsho

rtTperiodTofTtime.TInTtheseTemergencyTsituations,TtheTstudentTshouldTmakeTsureTthatTtheTsupervi

singTfacultyTmemberTisTfullyTadvisedTandTconsultedTbeforeTanyTdefinitiveTlegalTadviceTisTgiven.TIn

TallTcases,TtheTstudentTandTfacultyTmemberTshouldTdevelopTaTseparateTcounselingTplanTorTprogr

amTforTeachTclient.TCounseling,TlikeTinterviewing,TisTaTprocessTthatTwillTrequireTpracticeTforTtheTs

tudentTtoTbecomeTmoreTproficient.TLikeTinterviewing,TgoodTclientTcounselingTisTaTprocessTthatTge

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nerallyTrequiresTseveralTmeetingsTandTdiscussionsTbeforeTtheTclientTcanTdecideTaTparticularTmatte

rTorTdecideTonTaTcourseTofTconduct.TEachTcaseTshouldThaveTaTcounselingTplan.TATgoodTcounselin

gTplanTorTprogramTwillTfocusTonTtheTbestTlegalTandTpracticalTinterestsTofTtheTclientTandTinsureTt

hatTthereTisTclientTautonomyTinTtheTdecisionTmakingTprocess.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 http://www.vpmthane.org/law1/Princ-Articles/Client_Counseling_for_Tomorrow.pdf

 http://www.law.indiana.edu/instruction/profession/2010/doc/intro_counseling.pdf

 RobertTM.TBastressTandTJosephTD.THarbaugh:TInterviewing,TCounsellingTandTNegotiatingTSk

illsTforTEffectiveTRepresentation,TLittleTBrownTandTCompany

 BarTCouncilTStandardsTofTProfessionalTConductTandTEtiquettesTRuleT17

 http://www.law.indiana.edu/instruction/profession/2010/doc/intro_counseling.pdf

 MikeTMegranathan,TCounsellingTinTDorothyTM.TStewartTManagementTSkills,TInfinityTBooks,TDelhiT20
03.Tp99

V.TNagarajTandTFrankTBlock,TInterviewingTandTCounsellingTinTN,.R.TMadhavaTMenon,TClinicalTLegalTEduc
ation,TEasternTBookTCo.TLucknow,T2003

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