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Exocrine gland-
The glands which discharge their secretions into ducts are known as exocrine glands.
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Examples of exocrine glands include sebaceous gland in the skin, salivary gland in the
buccal cavity, etc.
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Q1. Define the following:
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Endocrine glands-
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The glands which do not discharge their secretions into ducts are known as endocrine
glands. These glands discharge their secretions directly into the blood. Examples of
endocrine glands include Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, etc.
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(c) Hormone
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Hormones-
The hormones are chemical messengers that regulate physiological processes in living
organisms. They act upon specific cells/tissues/organs.
Q2. Diagrammatically indicate the location of the various endocrine glands in our body.
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Location of the various endocrine glands in our body is depicted below
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(a) Hypothalamu
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The hormones secreted by the hypothalamus include divided into two groups
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(2). Inhibiting hormones: These include somatostatin, growth-inhibiting hormone,
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melanocyte-inhibiting hormone
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(b) Pituitary
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The pituitary gland has two components i.e., adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis.
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Thyroid gland- The thyroid gland secretes three hormones namely, thyroxin,
triiodothyronine, and calcitonin.
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Q3. List the hormones secreted by the following:
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(e) Adrenal
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Adrenal gland - The adrenal gland is divided into two parts, the outer adrenal cortex and
the inner adrenal medulla.
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Hormones of adrenal cortex include aldosterone and cortisol.
(f) Pancrea
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(g) Testi
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Testis: The hormone secreted by the testis is testosterone.
(h) Ovary
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Ovary: The hormone secreted by the ovary includes estrogen and progesterone.
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(i) Thymus
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Thymus: Hormones secreted by the thymus are thymosins.
(j) Atrium
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(k) Kidney
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G-l tract- The hormones secreted by the G-l tract are Gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin
(CCK), and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
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Q4. Fill in the blanks:
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Hormones Target gland
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(b) Thyrotrophin (TSH) __________________
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(c) Corticotrophin (ACTH) __________________
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Function of Parathyroid hormone (PTH):
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• The parathyroid hormone maintains the calcium levels in the body.
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• It stimulates bone resorption which demineralises bones increasing blood calcium levels.
• It also stimulates calcium absorption by renal tubules and from the digested food.
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Q5. Write short notes on the functions of the following hormones:
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(b) Thyroid hormone
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Thyroxine/tetraiodothyronine (T4):
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• It also controls tissue differentiation and metamorphosis of the tadpole larva into an adult
frog.
• It suppresses RBC formation.
Tri-iodothyronine (T3):
• It increases the body's oxygen and energy consumption.
• It increases the heart rate and force of contraction which increases the cardiac output.
(c) Thymosin
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Function of Thymosins given below:
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• Thymosin stimulates the differentiation of T-lymphocytes and provides cell-mediated
immunity.
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It promotes the production of antibodies to provide humoral immunity.
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• It also stimulates the rate of cell division in kids and hence promotes growth.
(d) Androgens
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Testosterone:
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moustache.
It produces anabolic effects on protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
Androsterone:
It affects the masculinisation of the foetus and child, and maintains or creates masculine
traits in adults.
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(e) Estrogen
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The primary function of estrogens is the development of female secondary sexual
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etc. In males, estrogen helps in maturation of the sperm and maintenance of a healthy
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libido.
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Insulin:
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It promotes the oxidation of glucose and the conversion of glucose to glycogen, i.e.
glycogenesis, resulting in hypoglycemia.
Glucagon:
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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 22 Chemical Coordination and
integration:
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Q6. Give example(s) of:
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Parathormone hormone
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Q6. Give example(s) of:
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(d) Progestational hormone
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Progesterone
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(e) Blood pressure lowering hormone
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Estrogens : β-oestradiol
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Q7. Which hormonal deficiency is responsible for the following:
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(b) Goitre
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Insufficient secretion of thyroxin is responsible.
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Q7. Which hormonal deficiency is responsible for the following:
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(c) Cretinism
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Answer:
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in lipid and hence cannot enter the target cell. This hormone binds to the cell surface
and activates cellular systems to perform functions.
hormone-receptor complex.
• Adenyl cyclase converts ATP into cyclic AMP (cAMP) as a second messenger.
• cAMP activates the follicular cells of membrane granulose to secrete estrogens.
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Q9. Match the following:
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Column I Column II
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(a) T 4 (i) Hypothalamus
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(b) PTH (iv) Parathyroid
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(c) GnRH (i) Hypothalamus
(d) LH
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(iii) Pituitary
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Column I Column II
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