Selected figures and data from the OECD Interim Economic Outlook

Paying the price of war

Title Paying the price of war

Citation OECD (2022), OECD Interim Economic Outlook, September 2022, OECD Publishing.
Link to presentation https://www.oecd.org/economic-outlook/
Date 26-Sep-22
Contact eco.contact@oecd.org
rim Economic Outlook presentation, September 2022

ECD Publishing.
Energy prices are high and volatile

Gas
Dutch TTF, EUR/MWh
Note: Shows the evolution of TTF Neutral Gas Price for Europe.
Latest data 21 September 2022.

Source: Refinitiv; and OECD calculations.

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
Jan-21 May-21 Sep-21 Jan-22 May-22 Sep-22

Date Price (EUR/MWh)

1/1/2021 18.8
1/2/2021 #N/A
1/3/2021 #N/A
1/4/2021 19.83
1/5/2021 18.05
1/6/2021 17.73
1/7/2021 19.52
1/8/2021 20.45
1/9/2021 #N/A
1/10/2021 #N/A
1/11/2021 22.3
1/12/2021 26.9
1/13/2021 23.13
1/14/2021 21.1
1/15/2021 20.35
1/16/2021 #N/A
1/17/2021 #N/A
1/18/2021 19.05
1/19/2021 20.25
1/20/2021 19.83
1/21/2021 19.75
1/22/2021 21.55
1/23/2021 #N/A
1/24/2021 #N/A
1/25/2021 20.45
1/26/2021 19.85
1/27/2021 19.78
1/28/2021 20.85
1/29/2021 20.48
1/30/2021 #N/A
1/31/2021 #N/A
2/1/2021 17.5
2/2/2021 17.98
2/3/2021 17.85
2/4/2021 18.02
2/5/2021 18.45
2/6/2021 #N/A
2/7/2021 #N/A
2/8/2021 20.8
2/9/2021 19.8
2/10/2021 19
2/11/2021 18.1
2/12/2021 17.75
2/13/2021 #N/A
2/14/2021 #N/A
2/15/2021 16.33
2/16/2021 16.58
2/17/2021 16.4
2/18/2021 17.2
2/19/2021 16.58
2/20/2021 #N/A
2/21/2021 #N/A
2/22/2021 15.95
2/23/2021 15.9
2/24/2021 16.25
2/25/2021 15.93
2/26/2021 15.8
2/27/2021 #N/A
2/28/2021 #N/A
3/1/2021 16.35
3/2/2021 16.13
3/3/2021 16.05
3/4/2021 16.4
3/5/2021 16.6
3/6/2021 #N/A
3/7/2021 #N/A
3/8/2021 16.85
 3/9/2021 17.38
3/10/2021 17.67
3/11/2021 18.2
3/12/2021 18.55
3/13/2021 #N/A
3/14/2021 #N/A
3/15/2021 18.4
3/16/2021 17.93
3/17/2021 18.7
3/18/2021 17.6
3/19/2021 17.75
3/20/2021 #N/A
3/21/2021 #N/A
3/22/2021 18.55
3/23/2021 18.5
3/24/2021 18.7
3/25/2021 18.4
3/26/2021 18.48
3/27/2021 #N/A
3/28/2021 #N/A
3/29/2021 18.42
3/30/2021 18.75
3/31/2021 18.93
4/1/2021 19.2
4/2/2021 19.2
4/3/2021 #N/A
4/4/2021 #N/A
4/5/2021 19.2
4/6/2021 20.4
4/7/2021 20.05
4/8/2021 19.45
4/9/2021 19.5
4/10/2021 #N/A
4/11/2021 #N/A
4/12/2021 20.8
4/13/2021 20.42
4/14/2021 20.41
4/15/2021 20.8
4/16/2021 21.15
4/17/2021 #N/A
4/18/2021 #N/A
4/19/2021 21.52
4/20/2021 21.55
4/21/2021 21.32
4/22/2021 21.73
4/23/2021 20.17
4/24/2021 #N/A
4/25/2021 #N/A
4/26/2021 20.17
4/27/2021 21.83
4/28/2021 21.92
4/29/2021 22.67
4/30/2021 23.6
 5/1/2021 #N/A
5/2/2021 #N/A
5/3/2021 24.15
5/4/2021 24.02
5/5/2021 24.68
5/6/2021 24.98
5/7/2021 23.88
5/8/2021 #N/A
5/9/2021 #N/A
5/10/2021 25.05
5/11/2021 26.1
5/12/2021 26.1
5/13/2021 26.4
5/14/2021 26.92
5/15/2021 #N/A
5/16/2021 #N/A
5/17/2021 26.55
5/18/2021 25.65
5/19/2021 23.2
5/20/2021 24.7
5/21/2021 24.83
5/22/2021 #N/A
5/23/2021 #N/A
5/24/2021 24.8
5/25/2021 26.35
5/26/2021 26.33
5/27/2021 25.35
5/28/2021 25.45
5/29/2021 #N/A
5/30/2021 #N/A
5/31/2021 25.5
6/1/2021 26.15
6/2/2021 25.52
6/3/2021 25.83
6/4/2021 25.83
6/5/2021 #N/A
6/6/2021 #N/A
6/7/2021 26.67
6/8/2021 28.13
6/9/2021 27.9
6/10/2021 27.8
6/11/2021 28
6/12/2021 #N/A
6/13/2021 #N/A
6/14/2021 28.9
6/15/2021 27.95
6/16/2021 28.15
6/17/2021 28.6
6/18/2021 29.52
6/19/2021 #N/A
6/20/2021 #N/A
6/21/2021 29.8
6/22/2021 31.4
6/23/2021 31.68
6/24/2021 31.95
6/25/2021 32.1
6/26/2021 #N/A
6/27/2021 #N/A
6/28/2021 32.2
6/29/2021 33.67
6/30/2021 35.5
7/1/2021 36.4
7/2/2021 36.3
7/3/2021 #N/A
7/4/2021 #N/A
7/5/2021 37.85
7/6/2021 33.97
7/7/2021 32.8
7/8/2021 34
7/9/2021 36.8
7/10/2021 #N/A
7/11/2021 #N/A
7/12/2021 34.65
7/13/2021 35.25
7/14/2021 33.9
7/15/2021 34
7/16/2021 35.28
7/17/2021 #N/A
7/18/2021 #N/A
7/19/2021 36.2
7/20/2021 35.3
7/21/2021 36
7/22/2021 35.8
7/23/2021 35.65
7/24/2021 #N/A
7/25/2021 #N/A
7/26/2021 36.97
7/27/2021 37.98
7/28/2021 39.75
7/29/2021 39.75
7/30/2021 40.47
7/31/2021 #N/A
8/1/2021 #N/A
8/2/2021 42.1
8/3/2021 41.15
8/4/2021 41.8
8/5/2021 42.58
8/6/2021 42.8
8/7/2021 #N/A
8/8/2021 #N/A
8/9/2021 42.75
8/10/2021 44.44
8/11/2021 46.2
8/12/2021 45.6
8/13/2021 44.25
8/14/2021 #N/A
8/15/2021 #N/A
8/16/2021 47.69
8/17/2021 46.25
8/18/2021 44.8
8/19/2021 40.38
8/20/2021 41.55
8/21/2021 #N/A
8/22/2021 #N/A
8/23/2021 42.4
8/24/2021 45.6
8/25/2021 45.2
8/26/2021 45.4
8/27/2021 47.25
8/28/2021 #N/A
8/29/2021 #N/A
8/30/2021 47.25
8/31/2021 47.25
9/1/2021 51.2
9/2/2021 51.08
9/3/2021 51.2
9/4/2021 #N/A
9/5/2021 #N/A
9/6/2021 52.13
9/7/2021 53.6
9/8/2021 54.75
9/9/2021 56.33
9/10/2021 58.03
9/11/2021 #N/A
9/12/2021 #N/A
9/13/2021 61.5
9/14/2021 65.8
9/15/2021 65.5
9/16/2021 60.85
9/17/2021 65.6
9/18/2021 #N/A
9/19/2021 #N/A
9/20/2021 73.2
9/21/2021 72
9/22/2021 70.1
9/23/2021 67.03
9/24/2021 68.35
9/25/2021 #N/A
9/26/2021 #N/A
9/27/2021 75.98
9/28/2021 79
9/29/2021 80
9/30/2021 84.75
10/1/2021 87.6
10/2/2021 #N/A
10/3/2021 #N/A
10/4/2021 89.4
10/5/2021 115.8
10/6/2021 100.3
 10/7/2021 91.9
10/8/2021 79.78
10/9/2021 #N/A
10/10/2021 #N/A
10/11/2021 84
10/12/2021 85.1
10/13/2021 91.5
10/14/2021 99.45
10/15/2021 87
10/16/2021 #N/A
10/17/2021 #N/A
10/18/2021 85.2
10/19/2021 84.7
10/20/2021 90.5
10/21/2021 86.2
10/22/2021 86.93
10/23/2021 #N/A
10/24/2021 #N/A
10/25/2021 89
10/26/2021 87.83
10/27/2021 84.95
10/28/2021 74
10/29/2021 60.4
10/30/2021 #N/A
10/31/2021 #N/A
11/1/2021 64.4
11/2/2021 67.97
11/3/2021 78
11/4/2021 72.4
11/5/2021 73
11/6/2021 #N/A
11/7/2021 #N/A
11/8/2021 77.13
11/9/2021 71
11/10/2021 70.6
11/11/2021 74.25
11/12/2021 74.1
11/13/2021 #N/A
11/14/2021 #N/A
11/15/2021 79.5
11/16/2021 93.8
11/17/2021 94
11/18/2021 90.64
11/19/2021 86.5
11/20/2021 #N/A
11/21/2021 #N/A
11/22/2021 84.35
11/23/2021 91.25
11/24/2021 94
11/25/2021 92.2
11/26/2021 87.95
11/27/2021 #N/A
11/28/2021 #N/A
11/29/2021 93.88
11/30/2021 91.35
12/1/2021 97.5
12/2/2021 91.85
12/3/2021 89.2
12/4/2021 #N/A
12/5/2021 #N/A
12/6/2021 87.57
12/7/2021 96.7
12/8/2021 98.9
12/9/2021 101.25
12/10/2021 103.6
12/11/2021 #N/A
12/12/2021 #N/A
12/13/2021 115.85
12/14/2021 127.2
12/15/2021 127
12/16/2021 134
12/17/2021 134
12/18/2021 #N/A
12/19/2021 #N/A
12/20/2021 149
12/21/2021 182.3
12/22/2021 166.75
12/23/2021 124
12/24/2021 105
12/25/2021 #N/A
12/26/2021 #N/A
12/27/2021 105
12/28/2021 105
12/29/2021 95.9
12/30/2021 78.5
12/31/2021 78.5
1/1/2022 #N/A
1/2/2022 #N/A
1/3/2022 78.5
1/4/2022 86
1/5/2022 90
1/6/2022 96.5
1/7/2022 84.4
1/8/2022 #N/A
1/9/2022 #N/A
1/10/2022 84.2
1/11/2022 88.15
1/12/2022 75.4
1/13/2022 79.95
1/14/2022 85.4
1/15/2022 #N/A
1/16/2022 #N/A
1/17/2022 76.05
1/18/2022 79.08
1/19/2022 73.6
1/20/2022 73.9
1/21/2022 80.5
1/22/2022 #N/A
1/23/2022 #N/A
1/24/2022 80.5
1/25/2022 92.9
1/26/2022 91.7
1/27/2022 91.7
1/28/2022 92.43
1/29/2022 #N/A
1/30/2022 #N/A
1/31/2022 84.6
2/1/2022 75.9
2/2/2022 76.5
2/3/2022 77.6
2/4/2022 80.2
2/5/2022 #N/A
2/6/2022 #N/A
2/7/2022 78.5
2/8/2022 75.7
2/9/2022 75.65
2/10/2022 74.28
2/11/2022 76.2
2/12/2022 #N/A
2/13/2022 #N/A
2/14/2022 79.25
2/15/2022 68.5
2/16/2022 68.9
2/17/2022 74
2/18/2022 73.5
2/19/2022 #N/A
2/20/2022 #N/A
2/21/2022 71.5
2/22/2022 80.3
2/23/2022 89.2
2/24/2022 136.52
2/25/2022 89.95
2/26/2022 #N/A
2/27/2022 #N/A
2/28/2022 101.13
3/1/2022 117.75
3/2/2022 169.8
3/3/2022 154.5
3/4/2022 204
3/5/2022 #N/A
3/6/2022 #N/A
3/7/2022 227
3/8/2022 210
3/9/2022 149.75
3/10/2022 134.03
3/11/2022 132
3/12/2022 #N/A
3/13/2022 #N/A
3/14/2022 109.5
3/15/2022 115
3/16/2022 97.28
3/17/2022 102.35
3/18/2022 100.4
3/19/2022 #N/A
3/20/2022 #N/A
3/21/2022 92.4
3/22/2022 94
3/23/2022 109
3/24/2022 102.6
3/25/2022 101
3/26/2022 #N/A
3/27/2022 #N/A
3/28/2022 103
3/29/2022 108.35
3/30/2022 115.6
3/31/2022 121.9
4/1/2022 111.1
4/2/2022 #N/A
4/3/2022 #N/A
4/4/2022 109.63
4/5/2022 108.72
4/6/2022 108.32
4/7/2022 103
4/8/2022 104.75
4/9/2022 #N/A
4/10/2022 #N/A
4/11/2022 101.3
4/12/2022 105.3
4/13/2022 105.5
4/14/2022 97.53
4/15/2022 97.53
4/16/2022 #N/A
4/17/2022 #N/A
4/18/2022 97.53
4/19/2022 91.45
4/20/2022 96.53
4/21/2022 95.97
4/22/2022 95.97
4/23/2022 #N/A
4/24/2022 #N/A
4/25/2022 95.1
4/26/2022 93.23
4/27/2022 108.35
4/28/2022 99
4/29/2022 96.5
4/30/2022 #N/A
5/1/2022 #N/A
5/2/2022 96.5
5/3/2022 96.5
5/4/2022 102
5/5/2022 99
5/6/2022 90
 5/7/2022 #N/A
5/8/2022 #N/A
5/9/2022 82.5
5/10/2022 81.75
5/11/2022 84
5/12/2022 93.5
5/13/2022 93
5/14/2022 #N/A
5/15/2022 #N/A
5/16/2022 91.9
5/17/2022 93.2
5/18/2022 91
5/19/2022 86.95
5/20/2022 86.5
5/21/2022 #N/A
5/22/2022 #N/A
5/23/2022 77.9
5/24/2022 79.5
5/25/2022 81.9
5/26/2022 82.25
5/27/2022 85
5/28/2022 #N/A
5/29/2022 #N/A
5/30/2022 88.2
5/31/2022 85.9
6/1/2022 79.35
6/2/2022 79.35
6/3/2022 79.35
6/4/2022 #N/A
6/5/2022 #N/A
6/6/2022 79.25
6/7/2022 79
6/8/2022 76.85
6/9/2022 82.6
6/10/2022 82
6/11/2022 #N/A
6/12/2022 #N/A
6/13/2022 81
6/14/2022 90.43
6/15/2022 116.55
6/16/2022 116.6
6/17/2022 120
6/18/2022 #N/A
6/19/2022 #N/A
6/20/2022 122.5
6/21/2022 124
6/22/2022 125.45
6/23/2022 127.35
6/24/2022 128
6/25/2022 #N/A
6/26/2022 #N/A
6/27/2022 129.5
6/28/2022 130
6/29/2022 139.6
6/30/2022 149.75
7/1/2022 148
7/2/2022 #N/A
7/3/2022 #N/A
7/4/2022 162.6
7/5/2022 162.25
7/6/2022 175
7/7/2022 185.2
7/8/2022 170
7/9/2022 #N/A
7/10/2022 #N/A
7/11/2022 166.77
7/12/2022 174.7
7/13/2022 182.6
7/14/2022 178.4
7/15/2022 154.25
7/16/2022 #N/A
7/17/2022 #N/A
7/18/2022 158.5
7/19/2022 151.6
7/20/2022 155.5
7/21/2022 150.5
7/22/2022 162.51
7/23/2022 #N/A
7/24/2022 #N/A
7/25/2022 168.57
7/26/2022 196.8
7/27/2022 205
7/28/2022 199.25
7/29/2022 191.75
7/30/2022 #N/A
7/31/2022 #N/A
8/1/2022 197
8/2/2022 204
8/3/2022 204
8/4/2022 202.2
8/5/2022 195
8/6/2022 #N/A
8/7/2022 #N/A
8/8/2022 192.3
8/9/2022 190
8/10/2022 205
8/11/2022 206.75
8/12/2022 205
8/13/2022 #N/A
8/14/2022 #N/A
8/15/2022 221.5
8/16/2022 225.08
8/17/2022 224.4
8/18/2022 236.5
8/19/2022 245
8/20/2022 #N/A
8/21/2022 #N/A
8/22/2022 272
8/23/2022 268.5
8/24/2022 293
8/25/2022 308.7
8/26/2022 330
8/27/2022 #N/A
8/28/2022 #N/A
8/29/2022 309
8/30/2022 254.5
8/31/2022 231.3
9/1/2022 226
9/2/2022 190.48
9/3/2022 #N/A
9/4/2022 #N/A
9/5/2022 217.6
9/6/2022 220
9/7/2022 208.3
9/8/2022 210.6
9/9/2022 191.7
9/10/2022 #N/A
9/11/2022 #N/A
9/12/2022 187
9/13/2022 194.5
9/14/2022 208
9/15/2022 190
9/16/2022 161.5
9/17/2022 #N/A
9/18/2022 #N/A
9/19/2022 165
9/20/2022 179
9/21/2022 178.8
Coal
Newcastle (FOB), USD/Mt
Note: Shows weekly prices for Newcastle FOB
6000kcal/kg NAR. Newcastle refers to Newcastle,
Australia. Latest data 16 September 2022.
Source: IHS Markit; Argus.
We are unable to provide these data.

600

500

400

300

200

100

0
Jan-21 May-21
Electricity
Germany, EUR/MWh
Note: Running 7-day average of average daily day-
ahead wholesale electricity prices. Data up to 23
September 2022.
Source: ENTSO-E; IEA Real-Time Electricity Tracker.

600

500

400

300

200

100

0
Jan-21 May-21 Sep-21 Jan-22 May-22 Sep-22

Date Germany
1/7/2019 39.68363095238
1/8/2019 45.2255952381
1/9/2019 47.23755952381
1/10/2019 48.65982142857
1/11/2019 48.66101190476
1/12/2019 48.46398809524
1/13/2019 42.82904761905
1/14/2019 40.08595238095
1/15/2019 41.65041666667
1/16/2019 42.39291666667
1/17/2019 38.845
1/18/2019 40.53273809524
1/19/2019 42.61654761905
1/20/2019 48.1580952381
1/21/2019 53.48517857143
1/22/2019 55.99244047619
1/23/2019 60.26166666667
1/24/2019 66.39869047619
1/25/2019 67.08005952381
1/26/2019 66.17976190476
1/27/2019 63.54375
1/28/2019 60.75821428571
1/29/2019 60.35672619048
1/30/2019 57.21238095238
1/31/2019 53.50476190476
2/1/2019 51.92958333333
2/2/2019 52.08767857143
2/3/2019 53.69964285714
2/4/2019 52.79244047619
2/5/2019 51.87821428571
2/6/2019 51.62744047619
2/7/2019 49.44261904762
2/8/2019 47.46261904762
2/9/2019 41.26476190476
2/10/2019 38.59369047619
2/11/2019 36.86779761905
2/12/2019 35.86017857143
2/13/2019 35.01244047619
2/14/2019 35.66125
2/15/2019 36.51875
2/16/2019 41.14898809524
2/17/2019 42.72404761905
2/18/2019 44.78505952381
2/19/2019 44.01047619048
2/20/2019 44.04178571429
2/21/2019 43.20494047619
2/22/2019 43.14553571429
2/23/2019 43.2769047619
2/24/2019 43.41125
2/25/2019 43.12791666667
2/26/2019 43.59773809524
2/27/2019 43.39892857143
2/28/2019 42.9743452381
3/1/2019 42.78119047619
3/2/2019 42.93976190476
3/3/2019 38.68714285714
3/4/2019 34.24357142857
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5/12/2022 189.5636309524
5/13/2022 181.4820238095
5/14/2022 174.5592261905
5/15/2022 171.3031547619
5/16/2022 170.5563095238
5/17/2022 176.617797619
5/18/2022 183.4575
5/19/2022 189.4131547619
5/20/2022 195.19125
5/21/2022 188.1045833333
5/22/2022 190.5341666667
5/23/2022 187.1849404762
5/24/2022 178.2129166667
5/25/2022 174.0024404762
5/26/2022 153.5914880952
5/27/2022 133.319672619
5/28/2022 124.3677232143
5/29/2022 119.9586904762
5/30/2022 122.6001934524
5/31/2022 130.479360119
6/1/2022 135.3527380952
6/2/2022 153.196577381
6/3/2022 170.2589136905
6/4/2022 187.6463392857
6/5/2022 188.2310267857
6/6/2022 177.8555505952
6/7/2022 175.7370982143
6/8/2022 172.7138244048
6/9/2022 171.0940625
6/10/2022 170.9492559524
6/11/2022 166.9907440476
6/12/2022 163.8041964286
6/13/2022 168.3133482143
6/14/2022 167.1291815476
6/15/2022 170.1838392857
6/16/2022 173.1083333333
6/17/2022 183.0621428571
6/18/2022 191.7327380952
6/19/2022 197.1179166667
6/20/2022 211.6618452381
6/21/2022 225.0351190476
6/22/2022 240.965297619
6/23/2022 254.2664285714
6/24/2022 256.9619642857
6/25/2022 263.3902380952
6/26/2022 270.107202381
6/27/2022 277.1466071429
6/28/2022 283.2782738095
6/29/2022 282.1642857143
6/30/2022 286.5067261905
7/1/2022 292.2330952381
7/2/2022 289.1658928571
7/3/2022 288.9422619048
7/4/2022 285.6911904762
7/5/2022 283.8135714286
7/6/2022 282.0982142857
7/7/2022 266.06125
7/8/2022 263.422797619
7/9/2022 253.3106547619
7/10/2022 241.1761309524
7/11/2022 252.419702381
7/12/2022 260.8895833333
7/13/2022 267.8357738095
7/14/2022 289.8585119048
7/15/2022 294.7167857143
7/16/2022 298.5274404762
7/17/2022 313.7692857143
7/18/2022 317.122202381
7/19/2022 319.8970833333
7/20/2022 317.1179166667
7/21/2022 321.3116071429
7/22/2022 328.1013095238
7/23/2022 349.5546428571
7/24/2022 355.093452381
7/25/2022 342.7714285714
7/26/2022 331.5472172619
7/27/2022 340.8748958333
7/28/2022 357.0559077381
7/29/2022 368.8486755952
7/30/2022 373.8510416667
7/31/2022 381.8504166667
8/1/2022 401.5809672619
8/2/2022 416.5108928571
8/3/2022 416.7870982143
8/4/2022 403.6147916667
8/5/2022 393.7959375
8/6/2022 382.9957440476
8/7/2022 376.8240625
8/8/2022 366.7132589286
8/9/2022 355.5484970238
8/10/2022 346.2839583333
8/11/2022 339.191264881
8/12/2022 345.6955059524
8/13/2022 359.0304166667
8/14/2022 367.1780803571
8/15/2022 374.2430952381
8/16/2022 395.0889285714
8/17/2022 426.0707142857
8/18/2022 454.0155952381
8/19/2022 467.5035863095
8/20/2022 490.721235119
8/21/2022 509.0332589286
8/22/2022 513.6097470238
8/23/2022 529.1558333333
8/24/2022 538.2976785714
8/25/2022 541.5789434524
8/26/2022 563.24625
8/27/2022 564.0834375
8/28/2022 551.7982142857
8/29/2022 580.143125
8/30/2022 586.5273660714
8/31/2022 590.1161160714
9/1/2022 590.0224107143
9/2/2022 553.4668154762
9/5/2022 541.2498660714
9/6/2022 553.2069642857
9/7/2022 528.8892559524
9/8/2022 499.2472172619
9/9/2022 460.2595089286
9/12/2022 438.125625
9/13/2022 433.3570833333
9/14/2022 429.9480357143
9/15/2022 416.340014881
9/16/2022 382.5130357143
9/19/2022 362.2280952381
9/20/2022 363.06375
9/21/2022 357.0443303571
9/22/2022 357.2420089286
9/23/2022 347.9994642857
Fertiliser price
USD/metric tonne
Note: Fertiliser price refers to the Di-ammonium Phosphate (DAP) price.
Source: World Bank.

Date Price (USD/metric tonne)

Jan-10 383
Feb-10 413.625
Mar-10 424.5
Apr-10 417.5 1000
May-10 410
Jun-10 392.5
Jul-10 418.125
Aug-10 459.9 800
Sep-10 506
Oct-10 557.25
Nov-10 554.1
Dec-10 540.625
600
Jan-11 547.4
Feb-11 413.625
Mar-11 424.5
Apr-11 417.5
May-11 410 400
Jun-11 575.875
Jul-11 597.625
Aug-11 597.4
Sep-11 587.875 200
Oct-11 571.4
Nov-11 563.5
Dec-11 488.75
Jan-12 451.4 0
Feb-12 435.5
Mar-12 442.875
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
Apr-12 478
May-12 490.5
Jun-12 501.625
Jul-12 436.875
Aug-12 504.5
Sep-12 527.375
Oct-12 533.5
Nov-12 487.875
Dec-12 472.833333333333
Jan-13 462.25
Feb-13 464.5
Mar-13 467.625
Apr-13 461.125
May-13 421.25
Jun-13 424.125
Jul-13 409.625
Aug-13 400.375
Sep-13 374.8
Oct-13 370
Nov-13 334.375
Dec-13 341.625
Jan-14 403.375
Feb-14 450.125
Mar-14 486.5
Apr-14 409
May-14 413.5625
Jun-14 421.375
Jul-14 440.625
Aug-14 446.5
Sep-14 438.1
Oct-14 418.75
Nov-14 408.75
Dec-14 418.375
Jan-15 440.25
Feb-15 444.125
Mar-15 428.8
Apr-15 409
May-15 413.5625
Jun-15 421.375
Jul-15 431.5
Aug-15 434.625
Sep-15 428
Oct-15 423.75
Nov-15 383.875
Dec-15 340.625
Jan-16 327.125
Feb-16 326
Mar-16 338.125
Apr-16 330.5
May-16 313.5
Jun-16 306.625
Jul-16 305.2
Aug-16 318.0625
Sep-16 320
Oct-16 310
Nov-16 298
Dec-16 296.625
Jan-17 308
Feb-17 326
Mar-17 325.625
Apr-17 313.125
May-17 309.25
Jun-17 310.3
Jul-17 313.75
Aug-17 320.75
Sep-17 325.9
Oct-17 322.375
Nov-17 344
Dec-17 357.25
Jan-18 360.375
Feb-18 370
Mar-18 378
Apr-18 384.75
May-18 384.375
Jun-18 391.6
Jul-18 400.75
Aug-18 409
Sep-18 421.63
Oct-18 420.75
Nov-18 410.2
Dec-18 389.67
Jan-19 382.13
Feb-19 357.38
Mar-19 335.03
Apr-19 323.75
May-19 313.4
Jun-19 314.88
Jul-19 307.5
Aug-19 292.9
Sep-19 285.75
Oct-19 277.38
Nov-19 248
Dec-19 238.16
Jan-20 264.9
Feb-20 279.38
Mar-20 276.22
Apr-20 282
May-20 263
Jun-20 273
Jul-20 305.1
Aug-20 341.88
Sep-20 358.38
Oct-20 357.1
Nov-20 359.63
Dec-20 388.5
Jan-21 421.3
Feb-21 528.88
Mar-21 534.13
Apr-21 543.4
May-21 574.63
Jun-21 604.75
Jul-21 613
Aug-21 603.13
Sep-21 643.75
Oct-21 672.9
Nov-21 726.69
Dec-21 745
Jan-22 699.38
Feb-22 747.13
Mar-22 938.13
Apr-22 954
May-22 842.5
Jun-22 783.75
Jul-22 784
Aug-22 749.38
2016 2018 2020 2022
Food price index
100 = 2014-2016 average
Note: Food price index consists of the average of meat, dairy, cereals, vegetable oils and sugar price indices, weighted with th
Source: FAO.

Date FAO real food price index Index

Feb-10 99.0280086863028 100
Mar-10 96.3562305159103 100
Apr-10 96.8912934480149 100
May-10 96.3346734610151 100
Jun-10 95.7970915341507 100 160
Jul-10 100.009278615733 100
Aug-10 107.718996285776 100 150
Sep-10 114.188205147237 100
Oct-10 120.131122750537 100
Nov-10 124.181595036057 100 140
Dec-10 129.373392230281 100
Jan-11 120.457135669539 100
Feb-11 124.0027900826 100 130
Mar-11 120.990646299446 100
Apr-11 122.919603641604 100
120
May-11 121.78708691429 100
Jun-11 121.600147696451 100
Jul-11 120.017115137283 100 110
Aug-11 119.816635969894 100
Sep-11 117.503587476428 100
Oct-11 113.277412555671 100 100
Nov-11 113.638071204879 100
Dec-11 109.981661702139 100
Jan-12 111.098520452898 100
90
Feb-12 113.804736796429 100
Mar-12 114.149939394855 100 80
Apr-12 112.895350817087 100
May-12 108.048127393491 100
2010 2012 2014 2016
Jun-12 105.17031235332 100
Jul-12 110.851081423618 100
Aug-12 111.96303612465 100
Sep-12 113.659619293185 100
Oct-12 112.587192651739 100
Nov-12 112.221540784796 100
Dec-12 111.519100114319 100
Jan-13 112.487177217817 100
Feb-13 112.360914751087 100
Mar-13 112.029059321677 100
Apr-13 112.014134267635 100
May-13 111.30309518225 100
Jun-13 110.237999507427 100
Jul-13 107.481164851607 100
Aug-13 105.889638092709 100
Sep-13 106.119319234532 100
Oct-13 108.259685681793 100
Nov-13 108.191914095085 100
Dec-13 107.750998585367 100
Jan-14 107.422260319469 100
Feb-14 109.498259098724 100
Mar-14 112.85503004919 100
Apr-14 112.258423687579 100
May-14 112.117857574931 100
Jun-14 110.260296301282 100
Jul-14 107.561156299473 100
Aug-14 104.463819061459 100
Sep-14 101.068273908239 100
Oct-14 101.073445980991 100
Nov-14 100.039621671571 100
Dec-14 97.1865109676799 100
Jan-15 102.956520858438 100
Feb-15 100.644570204262 100
Mar-15 97.7364263053313 100
Apr-15 96.8073994843101 100
May-15 97.1484241164032 100
Jun-15 96.6502858008005 100
Jul-15 95.8938084374037 100
Aug-15 91.5603062676676 100
Sep-15 91.0036784779467 100
Oct-15 92.3835687820971 100
Nov-15 89.6614093750797 100
Dec-15 89.0013294123272 100
Jan-16 90.2912265351296 100
Feb-16 91.5522050123895 100
Mar-16 93.016060775316 100
Apr-16 94.8835075375819 100
May-16 96.3799977144966 100
Jun-16 99.840316275965 100
Jul-16 98.9222163596259 100
Aug-16 101.392316465446 100
Sep-16 102.234330089654 100
Oct-16 102.06436472809 100
Nov-16 101.929155503117 100
Dec-16 101.170616346596 100
Jan-17 100.478265012851 100
Feb-17 100.906741511776 100
Mar-17 98.974622656458 100
Apr-17 97.8391984575926 100
May-17 100.16710819473 100
Jun-17 #N/A 100
Jul-17 103.08011903953 100
Aug-17 102.160642398577 100
Sep-17 102.725037594854 100
Oct-17 101.722335647283 100
Nov-17 101.745039214778 100
Dec-17 99.1450693137695 100
Jan-18 95.0835578091433 100
Feb-18 96.1368726871011 100
Mar-18 #N/A 100
Apr-18 #N/A 100
May-18 #N/A 100
Jun-18 95.2289727080244 100
Jul-18 #N/A 100
Aug-18 94.2649888228115 100
Sep-18 92.5655734597372 100
Oct-18 91.6515239021981 100
Nov-18 90.5579804717468 100
Dec-18 90.6110893133745 100
Jan-19 93.8507799554636 100
Feb-19 94.5495355227246 100
Mar-19 93.693235304689 100
Apr-19 94.1487909155326 100
May-19 94.8088527707306 100
Jun-19 #N/A 100
Jul-19 95.693251726959 100
Aug-19 94.6243124814126 100
Sep-19 93.9046619737956 100
Oct-19 95.7941626352538 100
Nov-19 #N/A 100
Dec-19 101.586662322113 100
Jan-20 103.61243780701 100
Feb-20 100.483179669823 100
Mar-20 96.1960295511102 100
Apr-20 93.517296455305 100
May-20 92.1108864812769 100
Jun-20 94.2540671956586 100
Jul-20 95.0480848173712 100
Aug-20 96.9426423902452 100
Sep-20 99.0606269345855 100
Oct-20 102.46152823292 100
Nov-20 106.716208915125 100
Dec-20 109.759275662543 100
Jan-21 112.936644772433 100
Feb-21 115.9658271579 100
Mar-21 118.610854058985 100
Apr-21 121.433077832952 100
May-21 127.46093585498 100
Jun-21 124.627784726013 100
Jul-21 123.918705909847 100
Aug-21 127.294381571129 100
Sep-21 128.519052111313 100
Oct-21 132.533296789462 100
Nov-21 134.612937240083 100
Dec-21 132.997610269076 100
Jan-22 132.66766484196 100
Feb-22 138.187205195355 100
Mar-22 156.266136073599 100
Apr-22 155.015582777439 100
May-22 154.641620680983 100
Jun-22 151.369080406937 100
Jul-22 137.704875553155 100
Aug-22 135.053650704116 100
r price indices, weighted with the average export shares of each of the groups for 2014-2016. Prices in real terms.

2014 2016 2018 2020 2022

 EA JPN USA
104

102

100

98

96

94
Dec-19 Apr-20 Aug-20 Dec-20 Apr-21 Aug-21 Dec-21 Apr-22 Aug-22
GDP growth
%
Note: Dotted lines indicate projections.
Source: OECD Economic Outlook database.

September 2022 Outlook December 2021 Outlook (pre-war) September projection

2015 3.24 3.24
2016 3.14 3.11
2017 3.64 3.67
2018 3.55 3.50
2019 2.77 2.78
2020 -3.30 -3.39
2021 5.83 5.56
2022 2.95 2.95
2023 2.19
 December 2021 Outlook (pre-w

6
December projection

2
5.56
4.46
3.24
0

-2

-4
2015 2016 2017 2018 2
2021 Outlook (pre-war) September 2022 Outlook

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

Real GDP growth projections
G20 economies, %
Note: Revisions relative to the June 2022 Economic Outlook. India projections are based on fiscal years, starting in April.
The European Union is a full member of the G20, but the G20 aggregate only includes countries that are also members in
their own right. Spain is a permanent invitee to the G20. World and G20 aggregates use moving nominal GDP weights at
purchasing power parities.

Source: OECD Economic Outlook database; and OECD calculations.

2021 2022 2023 2021

World 5.8 3.0 2.2 G20 6.2

Australia 4.9 4.1 2.0 Argentina 10.4

Canada 4.5 3.4 1.5 Brazil 4.9
Euro area 5.2 3.1 0.3 China 8.1
Germany 2.6 1.2 -0.7 India 8.7
France 6.8 2.6 0.6 Indonesia 3.7
Italy 6.6 3.4 0.4 Mexico 4.8
Spain 5.5 4.4 1.5 Russia 4.7
Japan 1.7 1.6 1.4 Saudi Arabia 3.4
Korea 4.1 2.8 2.2 South Africa 4.9
United Kingdom 7.4 3.4 0.0 Türkiye 11.0
United States 5.7 1.5 0.5
 fiscal years, starting in April.
ries that are also members in
ving nominal GDP weights at

2022 2023 2021 2022 2023

2.8 2.2 World 5.8 3.0 2.2

3.6 0.4 Australia 4.9 4.1 2.0

2.5 0.8 Canada 4.5 3.4 1.5
3.2 4.7 Euro area 5.2 3.1 0.3
6.9 5.7 Germany 2.6 1.2 -0.7
5.0 4.8 France 6.8 2.6 0.6
2.1 1.5 Italy 6.6 3.4 0.4
-5.5 -4.5 Spain 5.5 4.4 1.5
9.9 6.0 Japan 1.7 1.6 1.4
1.7 1.1 Korea 4.1 2.8 2.2
5.4 3.0 United Kingdom 7.4 3.4 0.0
United States 5.7 1.5 0.5
 2021 2022 2023
G20 6.2 2.8 2.2

Argentina 10.4 3.6 0.4

Brazil 4.9 2.5 0.8
China 8.1 3.2 4.7
India 8.7 6.9 5.7
Indonesia 3.7 5.0 4.8
Mexico 4.8 2.1 1.5
Russia 4.7 -5.5 -4.5
Saudi Arabia 3.4 9.9 6.0
South Africa 4.9 1.7 1.1
Türkiye 11.0 5.4 3.0
Inflation projections
%
Note: Inflation for Türkiye is projected to be 71.0% in 2022 and 40.8% in 2023. For Argentina, inflation projections are 92.0% in
Source: OECD Economic Outlook database; and OECD calculations.

2022 projection 2023 projection

BRA 10.8 6.6
ESP 9.1 5.0 12
GBR 8.8 5.9
DEU 8.4 7.5
EA 8.1 6.2 10
MEX 7.9 4.9
ITA 7.8 4.7
CAN 6.9 4.5 8
IND 6.7 5.9
ZAF 6.7 5.9
USA 6.2 3.4 6
AUS 6.1 4.4
FRA 5.9 5.8
KOR 5.2 3.9 4
IDN 4.1 3.9
SAU 2.5 3.2
JPN 2.2 2.0 2
CHN 2.2 3.1

ARG 92.0 83.0 0

TUR 71.0 40.8 BRA ESP GBR DEU EA
inflation projections are 92.0% in 2022 and 83.0% in 2023. India projections are based on fiscal years, starting in April.

2022 projection 2023 projection

ESP GBR DEU EA MEX ITA CAN IND ZAF USA AUS FRA KOR IDN S
FRA KOR IDN SAU JPN CHN
A large share of goods and services show substantial price increases
% of items in the consumer basket with annual inflation over 4%
Source: BEA; Eurostat; Statistics Japan; ONS; and OECD calculations.

United States Euro area Japan United Kingdom

Jul-21 Jul-22 Aug-21 Aug-22 Aug-21 Aug-22 Aug-21 Aug-22
above 6% 20.2 39.2 12.9 47.7 2.1 15.8 21.9 55.9
above 4% 33.2 62.1 18.2 60.7 6.0 26.2 30.1 80.0

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
44378 44743 44409 44774 4440
United States Euro area
44774 44409 44774 44409 44774
Japan United Kingdom
Unemployment rates
%
Note: The grey bars represent the range of highest and lowest rates of unemployment between 2002 and 2022Q2 across c
Source: OECD Labour Market Statistics; and OECD calculations.

Country Min Max 2022Q2

JPN 2.28 5.43 2.66
30
DEU 3.00 11.22 3.03
KOR 3.00 4.33 3.23
MEX 3.03 5.86 3.52
USA 3.60 12.99 3.62 25
GBR 3.71 8.39 3.80
AUS 4.04 6.99 4.06
CAN 5.55 12.87 5.61
FRA 7.22 10.54 7.44
20
ITA 6.00 12.89 9.03
BRA 6.71 14.84 10.84
TUR 8.18 13.97 11.69 15
ESP 7.96 26.22 13.53

10

0
JPN DEU KOR MEX USA
en 2002 and 2022Q2 across countries.

2022Q2

H
p

L
p

KOR MEX USA GBR AUS CAN FRA ITA BRA TUR ESP
 Highest unem-
ployment rate
since 2002

Lowest unem-
ployment rate
since 2002

TUR ESP
EU and UK gas storage level development
Stylised scenarios, %
Note: Assuming 90% storage levels at the end of September, no imports from Russia, imports from other sources
at 30 bcm/month, and domestic production at average 2019-21 levels. “No change” assumes consumption at the
average 2017-21 levels. “Cold winter” assumes consumption at the maximum 2017-21 levels. "10% reduction" is
relative to the 2017-21 average consumption.

Source: Bruegel; ENTSO-G; Eurostat; GIE; IEA; ONS; and OECD calculations.

No change in gas
consumption 10% reduction in gas
compared to 2017-21 consumption Cold winter
Oct-22 89.6 93.5 89.2
Nov-22 79.0 87.6 76.0
Dec-22 62.8 76.9 55.8
Jan-23 39.8 60.0 26.2
Feb-23 25.1 50.6 5.9
Mar-23 14.0 44.3
Apr-23 17.3 51.1
 Russia, imports from other sources
hange” assumes consumption at the
m 2017-21 levels. "10% reduction" is

Threshold for 100

heightened risk of
supply disruptions 90
30.0
80
30.0
30.0 70
30.0
30.0 60
30.0
50
30.0
40
30
20
10
0
Oct-22 Nov-22 Dec-22
 No change in gas consumption compared to 2017-21
Cold winter
10% reduction in gas consumption
Threshold for heightened risk of supply disruptions

Dec-22 Jan-23 Feb-23 Mar-23 Apr-23

-21
Impact on GDP growth
% pts difference from baseline
Note: Illustrative scenario of the impact of gas shortages in Europe following the end of imports of gas from Russia. The scenar
Source: OECD calculations using the NiGEM macroeconomic model.

2023 2024
0.2

0.0

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1.0

-1.2

-1.4
OECD Europe Other OECD Non-OECD W

PANEL A
2023 2024
OECD Europe -1.3 -0.6
Other OECD -0.2 -0.1
Non-OECD -0.3 0.0
World -0.4 -0.2
 Impact on inflation
% pts difference from basel
s of gas from Russia. The scenario assumes global gas, oil and fertiliser prices to rise by 50%, 10% and 25% respectively. Greater uncertai

2024 2023 2
1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
Non-OECD World OECD Europe Other OECD No

OECD Europe
Other OECD
Non-OECD
World
pact on inflation
pts difference from baseline
ctively. Greater uncertainty has been modelled as an ex-ante increase of 1 percentage point increase in the household saving rate and a 1

2023 2024

Other OECD Non-OECD World

PANEL B
2023 2024
1.4 0.4
0.4 0.2
0.5 0.4
0.7 0.4
hold saving rate and a 1 percentage rise in the user cost of capital. A temporary period of enforced rationing in industry use is modelled by a
stry use is modelled by a 3% reduction in potential output in all EU economies (and the United Kingdom).
Total housing sales
RMB trillions
Note: The series has been seasonally adjusted by the OECD.
Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China; OECD calculations.

Date Housing sales

total
Jan-10 0.424
Feb-10 0.430 1.8
Mar-10 0.430
Apr-10 0.494 1.6
May-10 0.330
Jun-10 0.344 1.4
Jul-10 0.355
Aug-10 0.398 1.2
Sep-10 0.468
Oct-10 0.495 1.0
Nov-10 0.485
Dec-10 0.497 0.8
Jan-11 0.520
Feb-11 0.516 0.6
Mar-11 0.508
Apr-11 0.459 0.4
May-11 0.465
Jun-11 0.479 0.2
Jul-11 0.461
Aug-11 0.470 0.0
Sep-11 0.490 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
Oct-11 0.445
Nov-11 0.457
Dec-11 0.499
Jan-12 0.423
Feb-12 0.437
Mar-12 0.477
Apr-12 0.468
May-12 0.502
Jun-12 0.537
Jul-12 0.579
Aug-12 0.574
Sep-12 0.541
Oct-12 0.576
Nov-12 0.602
Dec-12 0.585
Jan-13 0.684
Feb-13 0.687
Mar-13 0.663
Apr-13 0.682
May-13 0.652
Jun-13 0.621
Jul-13 0.661
Aug-13 0.659
Sep-13 0.676
Oct-13 0.660
Nov-13 0.684
Dec-13 0.631
Jan-14 0.659
Feb-14 0.664
Mar-14 0.614
Apr-14 0.591
May-14 0.583
Jun-14 0.597
Jul-14 0.574
Aug-14 0.590
Sep-14 0.617
Oct-14 0.652
Nov-14 0.644
Dec-14 0.673
Jan-15 0.601
Feb-15 0.600
Mar-15 0.624
Apr-15 0.658
May-15 0.708
Jun-15 0.753
Jul-15 0.755
Aug-15 0.757
Sep-15 0.722
Oct-15 0.757
Nov-15 0.816
Dec-15 0.790
Jan-16 0.852
Feb-16 0.858
Mar-16 0.922
Apr-16 0.974
May-16 0.940
Jun-16 0.896
Jul-16 0.976
Aug-16 0.992
Sep-16 1.071
Oct-16 1.061
Nov-16 0.979
Dec-16 0.977
Jan-17 1.025
Feb-17 1.077
Mar-17 1.098
Apr-17 1.079
May-17 1.055
Jun-17 1.108
Jul-17 1.040
Aug-17 1.076
Sep-17 1.112
Oct-17 1.103
Nov-17 1.134
Dec-17 1.162
Jan-18 1.189
Feb-18 1.195
Mar-18 1.182
Apr-18 1.160
May-18 1.243
Jun-18 1.250
Jul-18 1.237
Aug-18 1.224
Sep-18 1.219
Oct-18 1.216
Nov-18 1.249
Dec-18 1.302
Jan-19 1.218
Feb-19 1.258
Mar-19 1.255
Apr-19 1.302
May-19 1.238
Jun-19 1.287
Jul-19 1.317
Aug-19 1.316
Sep-19 1.349
Oct-19 1.344
Nov-19 1.370
Dec-19 1.360
Jan-20 0.727
Feb-20 0.826
Mar-20 1.073
Apr-20 1.254
May-20 1.398
Jun-20 1.428
Jul-20 1.562
Aug-20 1.675
Sep-20 1.610
Oct-20 1.681
Nov-20 1.621
Dec-20 1.621
Jan-21 1.624
Feb-21 1.681
Mar-21 1.611
Apr-21 1.698
May-21 1.603
Jun-21 1.468
Jul-21 1.439
Aug-21 1.381
Sep-21 1.352
Oct-21 1.303
Nov-21 1.324
Dec-21 1.290
Jan-22 1.278
Feb-22 1.261
Mar-22 1.175
Apr-22 1.010
May-22 1.047
Jun-22 1.115
Jul-22 1.040
2016 2018 2020 2022
Corporate debt
% of GDP
Notes: Total credit to the private non-financial corporations (core debt), at market value.
Source: BIS.

Date % GDP
Mar-10 117.900
Jun-10 118.900 170
Sep-10 118.400
Dec-10 117.800
Mar-11 117.700 160
Jun-11 117.200
Sep-11 115.800
150
Dec-11 117.000
Mar-12 120.200
Jun-12 122.400 140
Sep-12 125.000
Dec-12 127.600
Mar-13 132.700 130
Jun-13 134.700
Sep-13 136.900 120
Dec-13 137.500
Mar-14 141.300
Jun-14 143.900 110
Sep-14 144.100
Dec-14 145.800
Mar-15 149.500
100
Jun-15 151.500
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
Sep-15 154.100
Dec-15 158.500
Mar-16 161.800
Jun-16 160.700
Sep-16 159.500
Dec-16 159.500
Mar-17 161.000
Jun-17 159.300
Sep-17 158.000
Dec-17 156.400
Mar-18 156.400
Jun-18 154.000
Sep-18 151.400
Dec-18 149.100
Mar-19 152.400
Jun-19 151.400
Sep-19 150.900
Dec-19 150.000
Mar-20 159.800
Jun-20 163.300
Sep-20 163.200
Dec-20 160.700
Mar-21 159.600
Jun-21 157.400
Sep-21 155.500
Dec-21 152.800
Mar-22 156.700
4 2016 2018 2020 2022
General government debt
% of GDP
Notes: Data for 2022 are estimates. Countries marked with an asterisk are in talks with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) a
Source: IMF.

120
Country 2002 2022 Select IMF? Label
Sri Lanka 99.5 109 * Sri Lanka*
Egypt 85.8 94 * Egypt* 100
Brazil 78.8 91.9 Brazil
Tunisia 51.6 87.3 * Tunisia*
India 82.9 86.9 India 80
Ghana 58 84.6 * Ghana*
El Salvador 42.3 82.6 * El Salvador*
China 25.9 77.8 China 60
Pakistan 67.6 71.3 * Pakistan*
Kenya 28.6 70.3 * Kenya*
40
South Afric 31.8 70.2 South Africa
Costa Rica 41.4 69.4 * Costa Rica*
Colombia 47.5 60.6 Colombia 20
Mexico 41.9 58.4 Mexico

0
Sri Lanka* Egy
nal Monetary Fund (IMF) about receiving support or have agreed on a major support programme since 2019.

120
2002 2022

100

80

60

40

20

0
Sri Lanka* Egypt* Brazil Tunisia* India Ghana* El China Pakistan* Kenya*
Sal-
vador*
a Pakistan* Kenya* South Costa Colombia Mexico
Africa Rica*
PUBLIC/OFFICIAL RELEASE // SECURE EXTERNAL #

NY Fed Global Supply Chain Pressure Index

Standard deviations from average value
Source: Bureau of Labour Statistics; Harper Petersen Holding GmbH; Baltic Exchange; IHS Markit; Institute for Supply Manage

Date Index
1/31/2010 -0.26
2/28/2010 -0.12
3/31/2010 0.41 5
4/30/2010 0.26
5/31/2010 0.39
6/30/2010 -0.06
4
7/31/2010 0.01
8/31/2010 0.38 3
9/30/2010 0.39
10/31/2010 0.72 2
11/30/2010 0.43
12/31/2010 0.70
1
1/31/2011 0.82
2/28/2011 0.40
3/31/2011 0.75 0
4/30/2011 1.56
5/31/2011 0.96 -1
6/30/2011 0.22
7/31/2011 0.27 -2
8/31/2011 -0.08
9/30/2011 -0.57
2010 2012 2014
10/31/2011 -0.40
11/30/2011 0.11
12/31/2011 -0.07
1/31/2012 0.33
2/29/2012 -0.04
3/31/2012 -0.39
4/30/2012 -0.31
5/31/2012 -0.71
6/30/2012 -0.68
7/31/2012 -0.69
8/31/2012 -0.14
9/30/2012 -0.24
10/31/2012 0.00
11/30/2012 -0.36
12/31/2012 -0.15
1/31/2013 -0.05
2/28/2013 -0.40
3/31/2013 -0.54
4/30/2013 -0.74
5/31/2013 -0.84
6/30/2013 -0.63
7/31/2013 -0.66
8/31/2013 -0.53
9/30/2013 -0.27
10/31/2013 -0.16
11/30/2013 -0.64
12/31/2013 -0.46
PUBLIC/OFFICIAL RELEASE // SECURE EXTERNAL #

1/31/2014 -0.60
2/28/2014 -0.24
3/31/2014 -0.57
4/30/2014 -0.80
5/31/2014 -0.76
6/30/2014 -0.63
7/31/2014 -0.79
8/31/2014 -0.62
9/30/2014 -0.80
10/31/2014 -0.57
11/30/2014 -0.97
12/31/2014 -0.39
1/31/2015 -0.52
2/28/2015 -0.31
3/31/2015 -0.40
4/30/2015 -0.27
5/31/2015 -0.53
6/30/2015 -0.83
7/31/2015 -0.39
8/31/2015 -0.67
9/30/2015 -0.41
10/31/2015 -0.22
11/30/2015 -0.63
12/31/2015 -0.59
1/31/2016 -0.75
2/29/2016 -0.71
3/31/2016 -0.61
4/30/2016 -0.22
5/31/2016 -0.72
6/30/2016 -0.27
7/31/2016 -0.17
8/31/2016 0.11
9/30/2016 -0.29
10/31/2016 -0.05
11/30/2016 -0.30
12/31/2016 -0.24
1/31/2017 0.20
2/28/2017 0.23
3/31/2017 0.11
4/30/2017 0.05
5/31/2017 -0.08
6/30/2017 0.14
7/31/2017 0.15
8/31/2017 0.45
9/30/2017 0.55
10/31/2017 0.80
11/30/2017 0.86
12/31/2017 0.72
1/31/2018 0.61
2/28/2018 0.11
3/31/2018 0.48
4/30/2018 0.56
5/31/2018 0.37
PUBLIC/OFFICIAL RELEASE // SECURE EXTERNAL #

6/30/2018 0.41
7/31/2018 0.41
8/31/2018 0.54
9/30/2018 0.47
10/31/2018 0.53
11/30/2018 0.44
12/31/2018 0.45
1/31/2019 0.53
2/28/2019 0.12
3/31/2019 0.20
4/30/2019 0.03
5/31/2019 -0.65
6/30/2019 -0.48
7/31/2019 -0.46
8/31/2019 -0.33
9/30/2019 0.12
10/31/2019 0.05
11/30/2019 0.11
12/31/2019 0.01
1/31/2020 0.05
2/29/2020 1.11
3/31/2020 2.48
4/30/2020 3.15
5/31/2020 2.58
6/30/2020 2.35
7/31/2020 2.81
8/31/2020 1.35
9/30/2020 0.60
10/31/2020 0.11
11/30/2020 0.70
12/31/2020 1.63
1/31/2021 1.40
2/28/2021 1.88
3/31/2021 2.16
4/30/2021 2.47
5/31/2021 2.96
6/30/2021 2.68
7/31/2021 2.94
8/31/2021 3.22
9/30/2021 3.23
10/31/2021 3.78
11/30/2021 4.22
12/31/2021 4.31
1/31/2022 3.63
2/28/2022 2.76
3/31/2022 2.78
4/30/2022 3.41
5/31/2022 2.61
6/30/2022 2.32
7/31/2022 1.75
8/31/2022 1.47
 PUBLIC/OFFICIAL RELEASE // SECURE EXTERNAL #

Institute for Supply Management; Haver Analytics; Refinitiv. Calculations by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

2014 2016 2018 2020 2022

PUBLIC/OFFICIAL RELEASE // SECURE EXTERNAL #

2022
 USA EA GBR

2019 2020 2021 2022 20

 BRA IND MEX
16

14

12

10

0
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Department Country Desks.

Non-targeted
44 Targete
148
160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Income support
 Targeted Non-targeted

me support Price support

250

200

150

100

50

0
JPN ITA GBR USA CAN FRA
CAN FRA DEU AUS KOR
Global annual green energy investment
Billion USD, 2021
Note: The figures projected for 2030 are based on the Net Zero Scenario (NZE). NZE summarises the spending required to get
Source: IEA; and OECD calculations.

Low-carbon Energy Grids

power efficiency
generation

2015 349 358 319

2022e 540 470 429
2030 1782 1285 1519

Low-carbon power generation Energy

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
2022e
s the spending required to get the global energy sector to net zero emissions by mid-century. The category Grids includes electric vehicles

wer generation Energy efficiency Grids

2030
rids includes electric vehicles and battery storage. Energy efficiency also includes other end uses. Low-carbon includes both low-carbon po
n includes both low-carbon power, fuels and CCUS. Low carbon power includes hydro, nuclear, wind, solar, geothermal and tidal power. 20
eothermal and tidal power. 2022e figures are estimates of total investment.
Inflation projections
%
Note: India projections are based on fiscal years, starting in April. The European Union is a full member of the G20, but the G20
Source: OECD Economic Outlook database; OECD calculations.

2021 2022 2023

G20 3.8 8.2 6.6

Australia 2.8 6.1 4.4 Argentina

Canada 3.4 6.9 4.5 Brazil
Euro area 2.6 8.1 6.2 China
Germany 3.2 8.4 7.5 India
France 2.1 5.9 5.8 Indonesia
Italy 1.9 7.8 4.7 Mexico
Spain 3.0 9.1 5.0 Russia
Japan -0.2 2.2 2.0 Saudi Arabia
Korea 2.5 5.2 3.9 South Africa
United Kingdom 2.6 8.8 5.9 Türkiye
United States 3.9 6.2 3.4
ull member of the G20, but the G20 aggregate only includes countries that are also members in their own right. Spain is a permanent invitee

2021 2022 2023

50.9 92.0 83.0

8.3 10.8 6.6
0.8 2.2 3.1
5.5 6.7 5.9
1.6 4.1 3.9
5.7 7.9 4.9
6.7 13.9 6.8
3.1 2.5 3.2
4.6 6.7 5.9
19.6 71.0 40.8
right. Spain is a permanent invitee to the G20.