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9
Electricity and Magnetism
Module in Science 9
Fourth Quarter: Week 6

Photo by: Thalia Montevirgen (Sapan, Palay Proper, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan)

IRIZZA LOUISE DR. MENDOZA

Developer

Department of Education • SDO- IFUGAO

 What I Know

Direction: Read and understand well the questions. Choose the letter of the best
answer and write it on your science activity notebook.

1. Where can we find the Diesel Power Plant in the Philippines?

A. Cebu B. Ilocos Norte C. Mariduque D. Nueva Ecija

2. Which of the following is defined as the flow of electric charge?

A. Electricity B. Electron C. Magnetism D. Power

3. In power stations generating, how is electricity power being measured?

A. Joule B. Kilojoule C. Kilowatt D. Megawatt

4. Who among the following scientists discovered the relationship between electricity
and magnetism?
A. Andrei Marie Ampere C. Hans Christian Oersted
B. Alessandro Volta D. Michael Faraday

5. What energy transformation takes place in a generator?

A. electrical to mechanical C. heat to mechanical
B. chemical to mechanical D. mechanical to electrical

6. If a 100 W light bulb is lit for 8 hours each day for 20 days in a month, how many
kilowatt-hours will the bulb consume?
A. 16 B. 160 C. 1600 D.16000

7. Last month, Ms. Morada’s electrical meter reads 8765 kWh. How much will she pay
for power generation if the charge of the electric company per kWh is 6.88 pesos and
her electric meter reads 9975 this month?
A. ₱8,765.00 B. ₱8,324.80 C. ₱ 1,210.00 D.₱ 3,457.42

8. Catherine paid ₱1250.00 for electricity. How much energy (in kWh) is consumed if
the electric company charges ₱6.88/kWh?
A. 186.81 B. 181.69 C. 188.61 D. 181.86

9. In what way you reduce your electric bill?

A. Make use of limited appliances. C. Put off appliances when not in use.
B. Connect appliances in series. D. Put off main switch during the day.

10. What is produced if the magnet and the conductor move relative to each other?
A. Current B. Magnetic Field C. Resistance D. Voltage

1
 What’s In
Electricity and magnetism are two things that seem to be different, but actually have a lot in
common. Electricity involves energy transferring from one place to another due to the existence
of charged particles. It powers all the gadgets and appliances you have at home.

On the other hand, Magnetism is a concept introduced in physics to help you understand
one of the fundamental interactions in nature, the interaction between moving charges. The
movement of magnet can also generate electricity.

What’s New
Direction: Read the story below and answer the questions that follow.

FUKUSHIMA NUCLEAR DISASTER

On March 11, 2011, the largest earthquake ever recorded in Japan causes massive
devastation, and the ensuing tsunami decimates the Tōhoku region of north eastern Honshu.
On top of the already-horrific destruction and loss of life, the natural disaster also gives rise to
a nuclear disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant. The Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear
Power Station is an out of commission nuclear plant located in the towns of Futaba and
Ohkuma, 250 km north of Tokyo city in Japan. The first unit of the nuclear station was
commissioned in 1971. The Fukushima disaster is considered the second-worst nuclear
disaster in history, forcing the relocation of over 100,000 people.
During the emergency, each of the three operational nuclear reactors at the Fukushima
plant shut down successfully, but the backup power and cooling systems failed. As a result,
residual heat caused fuel rods in all three reactors to partially melt down. As crews searched the
rubble for survivors and the nation reeled from the earthquake and ensuing tsunami, the nuclear
disaster unfolded over the course of several days. Reactors 1 and 3 exploded on March 12 and
14, respectively, prompting the government to evacuate everyone within a 20km radius. Another
explosion in the building housing Reactor 2 on March 15 released even more radiation, and
thousands of people left their homes as workers used helicopters, water cannons and seawater
pumps to try to cool the overheating facility.
The full extent of the fallout became apparent over the ensuing months, with the
government eventually evacuating all residents within a 30km radius of the plant. No deaths were
initially attributed to the incident, although this was of little comfort to the 154,000 who were
evacuated or the loved ones of the more than 18,000 people who lost their lives as a result of the
earthquake and tsunami. Some have suggested that such a large evacuation was not necessary,
as radiation levels appear to have dropped below what was expected in the immediate wake
of the accident.
Though many were able to return to their homes, a 371-square-kilometer “difficult-to-return
zone” remains evacuated as of 2021, and the true toll may not be known for decades. In 2018,
the government announced that former plant worker who had served during the meltdown was
the first death officially attributed to radiation from the disaster, which today is
considered second only to Chernobyl in the ranking of infamous nuclear incidents.

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fukushima-nuclear-disaster-japan
 2
Guide Questions: Answer the following questions on your science activity notebook.
1. What is the story all about? _________________________________________________
2. What kind of power plant is mentioned in the story? ______________________________
3. What happened to the power plant? __________________________________________
4. Does our country have the same power plant mentioned in the story? If yes, where? _____

What’s It
Electricity is around us. It powers our appliances and gadgets at home. One of the best
example of electricity in nature is lightning. But what exactly is electricity? Electricity is defined as
the flow of electric charge. Electric charge has two types, the positive charge (+) and the negative
charge (-). To put electricity in motion, it needs charge carriers. Electrons in atoms can act as the
charge carrier. Why? It is because electron carries negative charge. If one of these electrons is
freed from an atom and forced to move, electricity is produced.

HOW IS ELECTRICITY PRODUCED?

Through electricity we are able to enjoy the comfort of watching television, listening to music
and other things we do that use electricity. Have you ever thought how electricity reaches our
home? Or even what processes it has to go through in order to power our appliances? Sources of
electricity can be renewable and non-renewable. Electricity begins with one of the 3 main types of
fuel: fossil fuel, nuclear power and renewable alternatives such as wind, solar and hydropower.
This fuel creates steam or fluid that moves a turbine which turns a magnet generator. This
movement causes those electrons to move which produces electricity.

One of the fuels is hydropower. It uses energy coming from the falling water to make
electricity. Hydroelectric power plant uses the energy that is stored in water reservoirs and allows
it to flow to rotate the water turbine. Through an intake, water will enter the hydroelectric power
plant. The water flows through a penstock which channels the water to the turbine. The turbine is
a mechanical device that converts water’s kinetic energy into mechanical energy which in turn
drives the generator. The generator is a rotating machine that converts mechanical energy into
electrical energy. The rotating generator turns electromagnets that are enclosed by a coil of
copper wires. The coil is connected to a step-up transformer that delivers high-voltage current to
power lines.

Figure 1.Hydroelectric Power Plant Main Components

https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/images/thumb/8/8e/Damparts.png/780px-Damparts.png
 3
One example of a Hydropower Power
Plant is the MARIS Canal 1 HEPP project
located in Barangay Ambatali, Ramon,
Isabela. This was constructed by
SN Aboitiz Power-Magat, Inc as to the first
hydropower plant through its product
innovation program.

Another example is solar panels. It

works by allowing photons, or particles of
light, to knock electrons free from atoms,
generating a flow of electricity. Solar panels
a c t u a l l y comprise many, smaller units
called photovoltaic cells. In general, power Figure 2 MARIS CANAL
https://www.mcconnelldowell.com/media/com_macdow/
plants use generators to convert kinetic images/Proj ects/Maris_South_Canal/hero_1400_510.jpg
energy into electrical energy. Each source
provides the energy of motion to turbines then to the generators, producing electrical energy.

ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

After electricity
After electricity is is generated
generated in in
power plant,
power plant, itit is
is time
time for
for transmission.
transmission.
This is done
This is doneby using bystep-up
using step-up
transformers that
transformers that increases
increases the the voltage.
voltage.
This high
This high
voltage voltage
electricityelectricity
is transmittedis
transmitted
through a networkthrough a network of
of electrically
electrically wires
conductive conductive
of aluminumwires or copper.of
aluminum
These linesor arecopper. These lines are
called high-voltage
called high-voltage
transmission lines thattransmission
can transmit lines
electricity over long distances. over long
that can transmit electricity
distances. Transmission
Transmission lines are commonly linesputare
up
commonly put up between
between transmission substations which transmission
Figure 3 Electricity Transmission
substations
are regulatedwhichby theare regulated
National Powerby the http://www.electronicsandyou.com/blog/wpcontent/uploads/2014/06/ele
National Power Corporation.
Corporation. ctricity-transmission-1.jpg

Electricity isisdistributed
Electricity distributedviaviaan an
electric distribution
electric distributionsubstation.
substation. At the
substation,
At the high
the substation, the voltage electricity
high voltage
from thefrom
electricity high-voltage transmission
the high-voltage
lines is passed
transmission lines isthrough step-down
passed through
transformers
step-down that lowerthat
transformers the voltage.
lower
Thevoltage.
the electricity
Theiselectricity
then transmitted
is then to a
network oftolocal
transmitted electric
a network distribution
of local
electric distribution lines. Beforea home,
lines. Before electricity enters
the voltage
electricity entersis aagain
home,lowered
the voltageusing
step-down
is again lowered transformers.
using step-down In our Figure 4 Substation for Electricity Distribution
country, the In
transformers. voltage is 220the
our country, V voltage
AC or http://www.electronicsandyou.com/blog/wpcontent/uploads/2014/06/
110
is VV
220 DC.AC or 110 V DC.
electricity-distribution-
 4
IFELCO is the one responsible for electrical energy distribution in Ifugao. The distribution
systems connect the transmission system to the households. In a home, electricity is distributed to
different outlets by a network of wires through electrical wiring.

CALCULATING ENERGY USE

Your meter reading is the basis of your monthly electricity bill. The electric meter of your
household continuously records electricity consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh). But you can
actually calculate your electric bill. In calculating your electric bill, power rating of your appliances
is one of the things to be considered. Let us use this formula as our basis for calculating power in
watts. P= VI Where: P stands for Power V for Voltage and I for Current

In calculating the power rating in household we use the unit kilowatt (kW) which is equal to
1000 watts. The reason behind using this unit is the large number of power rating for one
appliance. So, instead of getting the power rating per appliance we will combine the power rating
of the appliances in a household. Energy is usually computed based on the time of usage of the
appliances. This is the formula: E=Pt
where: E= Energy used (kWh) P= power (w) t= time (s)

Sample Problem:
1. All of the computers in the ICT room are in use for five hours every day and together use 8.3
kW. How much energy is used in a day?
Given: Formula: Solution:
P= 8.3 kW E=Pt E= Pt
t= 5 h E= 8.3 kW x 5h
E= 41.5 kWh

Once every month you can check your bill for the schedule of your next meter
reading. Here is an example:

Figure 5. Billing Information

https://meralcomain.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/images/ckeditor-images/1_3.jpg
 For digital meters you simply read the numbers displayed. In the illustration, the reading is
07635. On the other hand, electromechanical meters have four dials that record your electricity
consumption.

To read your electromechanical meter, look at the 4 dials (labeled A, B, C and D) in the
meter. Note that these 4 dials move in different directions. Dials A and C move counter-
clockwise, while Dials B and D move clockwise direction. In the illustration below, the reading
on the meter in 5097.Notice that C is recorded as “9” following the rule that you must record the
number the dial pointer has just passed. To find how much energy is used in one month, your
last month’s reading is subtracted from the total.

Figure 6 Digital Meter

https://meralcomain.s3.ap-southeast- 1.amazonaws.com/images/ckeditor-images/2_2.jpg

Electricity from Magnetism

Large power plants have big, room-sized generators that produce electricity using
magnetic fields from electric magnets. Usually the electric magnets are mounted on a shaft and
are connected to the electric power supply. When the electricity is switched on, the electric
magnets create powerful magnetic fields. Coils of wire are mounted around the shaft. As the
shaft with the magnets rotates, the coils of wire are exposed to changing magnetic fields, and
an electric current is generated in the wires.

Many different methods can be used to make the shafts of the generators rotate and
produce electricity. In wind turbines, the propeller rotates the shaft. In coal and nuclear power
plants, the heat from burning the coal or from the nuclear reaction creates steam to run a
turbine that drives the generator. In natural gas-powered plants, a gas turbine does the same
job. Power plants need a source of energy that can make the generator shaft rotate, and then
the magnets can produce the magnetic fields that generate electricity.

Michael Faraday used an iron ring-coil apparatus. Due to this, he was considered as the
Father of Electricity. He was also known for his work on electricity and magnetism in 1821.This
work paved way to more advanced discoveries on electromagnetism.
 Figure 7 Electromechanical Meter
https://meralcomain.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/images/ckeditor-
images/3_0.jpg

6
What’s More

Activity 1: Electricity from Plant to Place!

Direction: Study the diagram below and complete the table by writing the information
based from the correct sequence of electric flow as shown in the diagram.

Figure 8. Electricity Transmission Diagram

https://files.liveworksheets.com/def_files/2020/8/20/820143847546819/820143847546819001.jpg

Information:
We use a plug and socket to connect machines A transformer increases the voltage.
to the electricity supply.
Generators in the power plant generate the The electric current travels through cables
electricity. to our home.
The electric current travels through cables and Smaller transformer in the town reduces the
are attached to high towers voltage and makes the electricity safe for us
to use.

1. 4.

2. 5.

3. 6.

PERFORMANCE ACTIVITY
 Activity 2: Let’s Count the Cost!
Direction: Solve the following sample problems to calculate energy cost. Show the given,
unknown, formula and solution. (5 points each)
1. A 1.4 kW blow dryer is used for 4 hours every day in a beauty salon. How much energy
is used in a day?
2. The meter reading on March 1 was 84502 kWh. On April 1, the meter read 87498 kWh.
If the cost of electricity in the area is ₱ 1.50 per kWh, what was the electric bill for the
month of March?
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Scoring Guide
Problem Correct given Correct unknown Correct formula Correct Solution Correct Answer
(1 point) (1 point) (1 point) (1 point) (1 point)
#1
#2

What I Have Learned

Check your understanding about the topic presented on this module by answering
the questions below. Write your answers on your science activity notebook.
1. What is electricity? _____________________________________________________
2. What are the 3 main types of fuels use to produce electricity?___________________
3. Are magnets important in producing electricity? If yes, why?_____________________

What I Can Do
WRITTEN ACTIVITY
Applying the concepts you have learned from electricity and magnetism;
enumerate way/s on how you can save electricity in your home. One example is given for
you, give 10 more. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Example: Use energy-efficient light bulbs.

Assessment

WRITTEN ACTIVITY
Direction: Read and understand the following questions and choose the letter of the
correct answer and write it on your answer sheet.

1. In which of the following units is electrical consumption measured by electrical

companies for our household consumption in our homes?
A. Kilowatt B. Kilowatt hour C. Megawatt D. Volt

2. Where can we find the Diesel Power Plant in the Philippines?

A. Cebu B. Ilocos Norte C. Mariduque D.
Nueva Ecija
3. Why do power stations generate AC and not DC?
A. Transformers work with AC.
B. AC is more efficient and economical.
C. AC is used in mobile devices and gadgets.
D. It is easier to generate, safer, and more economical to transmit AC than DC.
4. Which of the following is defined as the flow of electric charge?
A. Electricity B. Electron C. Magnetism D. Power

5. In power stations generating, how is electricity power being measured?

A. Joule B. Kilojoule C. Kilowatt D. Megawatt
8
6. Transformers are used to raise voltage along substations and lower it for residential
consumption. What kind of transformers is used to raise the voltage?
A. Step-up B. Step-down C. Neither of the two D. Both

7. Who among the following scientists discovered the relationship between electricity and
magnetism?
A. Andrei Marie Ampere C. Hans Christian Oersted
B. Alessandro Volta D. Michael Faraday

8. What energy transformation takes place in a generator?

A. electrical to mechanical C. heat to mechanical
B. chemical to mechanical D. mechanical to electrical

9. If a 100 W light bulb is lit for 8 hours each day for 20 days in a month, how many
kilowatt-hours will the bulb consume?
A. 16 B. 160 C. 1600 D.16000

10. Last month, Mrs Soriano’s electrical meter reads 8765 kWh. How much will she pay
for power generation if the charge of the electric company per kWh is 6.88 pesos and her
electric meter reads 9975 this month?
A. ₱8,765.00 B. ₱8,324.80 C. ₱ 1,210.00 D.₱ 3,457.42
__

ANSWER KEY
What I Know 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. D. 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. A

What’s New
1. The story is about the nuclear disaster that happened in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear
Power Plant
2. The power plant mentioned in the story is a Nuclear Power Plant
3. Reactors of the power plant exploded exposing residence in that area to radiation.
4. Yes, Bataan Nuclear Power Plant in Morong, Bataan

What’s More Activity 1

1. Generation in power plant generate the electricity.
2. A transformer increases the voltage
3. The electric current travels through cables and are attached to high towers.
4. A smaller transformer in the town reduces the voltage and makes the electricity safe for
us to use.
5. The electric current travels through cables to our home.
6. We use a plug and socket to connect machines to the electricity supply.

What I Have Learned

1. Electricity is defined as the flow of electric charge.
2. The 3 main types of fuel are fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewable alternatives.
3. Magnets are important because if magnet and the conductor move relative to each
other it produces magnetic fields that generate electricity.
9