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Name of Learner:
Last Name Given Name MI.

Grade & Section: Date submitted:

Analytic Geometry
Quarter 2 – Learning Activity Sheet 2:
Weeks 3 and 4
FAMILY OF LINES

Background Information for Learners

You have already learned about the different formulas for obtaining the equations of the lines.
Among these are the equations
𝑥 𝑦
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 ;
⏟ 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
⏟ ; and ⏟+ 𝑏 = 1
𝑎
General Formula 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒−𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚

Notice that in the equations of the lines above; 𝑥 and 𝑦 are called 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒔 while 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, and 𝑚 are
called the 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔. If certain or definite values are assigned to these constants, a line would be
completely determined. When we assign other values for these constants, we can determine other
lines. Remember, the constants are fixed for any particular line but change rom line to line. These
constants are called 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔.
When a linear equation has one parameter, it represents a line with a particular property.
Considering the equation 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 1 that represents a line with a parameter 𝑚 and 𝑦 −
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 (0, 1). Thus, the lines intersect at the 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 at point (0, 1) but with varying or different
slopes. We call the totality of lines in that particular example above as a 𝒇𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒔. A family of
lines is a set of lines satisfying given conditions.

Learning Competencies
Find and graph the equations of family of lines given certain conditions.
Example 1. Write the equations of the family of lines that intersect the 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 at (0, 2).

Solution: Our parameter is 𝒎 which is the slope of the line. The family consists of all lines trough
𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 (0, 2) which we call it as 𝒃 = 𝟐. There is no value of the parameter 𝒎
that will lead a vertical line (see the figure 1 below). Writing some of the members of
the family of lines with varying slope, we get
𝑚 =0 ⟹ 𝑦=2 𝑚 = −1 ⟹ 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 2
𝑚 =1 ⟹ 𝑦 =𝑥+2 𝑚 = −2 ⟹ 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 2
𝑚 =2 ⟹ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2 𝑚 = −3 ⟹ 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 2
𝑚 =3 ⟹ 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2 𝑚 = −4 ⟹ 𝑦 = −4𝑥 + 2

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Thus, writing the equation of the family of lines above, we have 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝟐.

Figure 1. Some members of the Family of Lines: 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 2

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Example 2: Write the equation of the family of lines with slope − .
2

Solution: First we write the equation in the following manner.

𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑𝒙 = 𝒄 𝑜𝑟 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝒄
3
The graph of the equation is a line of a slope − for any particular value of parameter 𝒄.
2
With 𝒄 allowed to vary, it represents a family of parallel lines (see figure 2). Writing
some of the members of the family of lines with varying values of 𝒄, we obtain
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𝑐 = −6 ⟹ 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 = −6 ⟹ 𝑦 =− 𝑥−3
2
3
𝑐 = −4 ⟹ 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 = −4 ⟹ 𝑦 =− 𝑥−2
2
3
𝑐 = −2 ⟹ 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 = −2 ⟹ 𝑦 =− 𝑥−1
2
3
𝑐=0 ⟹ 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 = 0 ⟹ 𝑦=− 𝑥
2
3
𝑐=2 ⟹ 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 = 2 ⟹ 𝑦 =− 𝑥+1
2
3
𝑐=4 ⟹ 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 = 4 ⟹ 𝑦 =− 𝑥+2
2
3
𝑐=6 ⟹ 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 = 6 ⟹ 𝑦=− 𝑥+3
2

Figure 2. Some members of the

Family of Lines: 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 = 𝑐, 𝑐 ∈ ℜ

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Example 3: Find the equation of the family of lines that are:

a. Parallel to; and
b. Perpendicular to the line 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 6.
Solution: Solving the equation into the slope –intercept form, yields
2
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 6 ⟹ 𝑦= 𝑥−2
3
2
The given line has a slope of .
3

a. Parallel to 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟔
We can write the equation of any line parallel to the given line in the form
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝒄 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝒄 ∈ ℜ
2
Since the slope for any real number 𝒄 will again be . Below are some of the
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members of the family of lines parallel to 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 6 (see figure 3.a).

b. Perpendicular to 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟔
The equation of the family of lines perpendicular to the given line can be written
in the form
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝒄 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝒄 ∈ ℜ
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Since all such lines have slope of − (i.e. 𝑚⊥ = − 𝑚1 ). Below are some of the family of
2
lines perpendicular to 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 6 (see figure 3.b).

Figure 3.a. Some members of the Family of Figure 3.b. Some members of the Family of
Lines Parallel to 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 6 Lines Perpendicular to 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 6

Example 4: Find the equation of the family of lines having the product of the intercepts equal to 2.
Solution: Let 𝒂 and 𝒃 be the 𝑥- and 𝑦- intercepts, respectively. The condition says the product of
intercepts is equal to 2, thus

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2
𝑎𝑏 = 2 ⟹ 𝑏=
𝑎
𝟐
To have a parameter, we take for the intercepts 𝒂 and . Substituting these values into
𝒂
the intercept form of the equation of the line, we obtain the equation of the family of
lines. Thus,
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑎𝑦
+ =1 ⟹ + 2 =1 ⟹ + =1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎 2
𝑎

𝑥 𝑎𝑦
Multiplying + = 1 by 2𝑎, we get the family of the line
𝑎 2

𝟐𝒙 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒂, 𝒂 ≠ 𝟎 and 𝒂 ∈ ℜ
∗∗ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝒃 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 4.

Some conditions in finding such family of lines include two intersecting lines. In solving
problems in which one of the conditions state that the required line passes through the point of
intersection of 𝐿1 and 𝐿2 , is that we do not need to know the coordinated of the intersection of the
lines.

Definition:
Let 𝐿1 : 𝐴1 𝑥 + 𝐵1 𝑦 + 𝐶1 = 0 and 𝐿2 : 𝐴2 𝑥 + 𝐵1 𝑦 + 𝐶2 = 0, represents two
intersecting lines. It can be shown that the equation
𝑨𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑩𝟏 𝒚 + 𝑪𝟏 + 𝒌(𝑨𝟐 𝒙 + 𝑩𝟐 𝒚 + 𝑪𝟐 ) = 𝟎, where 𝑘 ∈ ℜ,
represents the equation of the family of lines passing through the point of
intersection of 𝐿1 and 𝐿2 .

Example 5: Find the equation of the family of lines passing through the point (2, −1) and the point
of intersection of 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4 = 0 and 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5 = 0.
Solution: Let 𝐿1 : 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4 = 0 and 𝐿2 : 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5 = 0. The equation of the family of lines
passing through the point of intersection of 𝐿1 and 𝐿2 is
𝑨𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑩𝟏 𝒚 + 𝑪𝟏 + 𝒌(𝑨𝟐 𝒙 + 𝑩𝟐 𝒚 + 𝑪𝟐 ) = 𝟎
𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4 + 𝑘(3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5) = 0
where 𝒌 is to be determined. Since (2, −1) is on the required line, we substitute 𝑥 = 2
and 𝑦 = −1 into the above equation. Hence,
𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4 + 𝑘(3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5) = 0
2 − 2(−1) + 4 + 𝑘(3(2) + (−1) + 5) = 0

10𝑘 = −8
4
𝑘=−
5

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Substituting the value of 𝒌 in the equation of the family of line, we get

4
𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4 + − (3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 5) = 0 ⟹ 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎
5

See figure 4.

Figure 4. One member of the Family of Lines that passes through (2, −1).

Draw five (5) members of the family of lines. Assume that other letter
Activity [1]
than 𝑥 and 𝑦 are parameters.
1. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 𝑏
2. 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 3
3. 3𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 𝑐
4. 2𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 𝑘
𝑥 𝑦
5. + =1
2𝑏 𝑏

Activity [2] Write the equation of the family of lines defined by the given
conditions. Show your complete solution
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6. Slope of
4
7. 𝑥 − intercept is twice 𝑦 − intercept
8. Product of intercepts is 12 (take 𝒂 as your parameter)
9. Sum of the intercepts equal to 3 (take 𝒃 as your parameter)
10. Pass through the point (2, 3)

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Reflection

Tell something about your experience in accomplishing these activities .

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Scoring Rubrics

Advanced Proficient Satisfactory Unsatisfactory

(5 points) ( 3points) (1 points) (0 point)
Learner shows a Learner shows a
Learner did not
complete solution partial work to Learner only
Work Ethics answer any
to each problems each problems shows answer.
problems given.
given. given.
Learner shows a Learner shows
Learner shows Learner did not
complete and partial and
incomprehensive show no solution
comprehensive comprehensive
solution in finding in finding and
solution in finding solution in finding
Math Content and graphing the graphing the
and graphing the and graphing the
family of lines family of lines
family of lines family of lines
given certain given certain
given certain given certain
conditions. conditions.
conditions. conditions.

References

Analytic and Solid Geometry Made Easy, Felipe Comandante (2000)

Modern Analytic Geometry, Feliciano and Uy, ©Merriam Webster Bookstore, Inc. (1994)

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Answer Key

Activity 1:
1. Answers may vary.
2. Answers may vary.
3. Answers may vary.
4. Answers may vary.
5. Answers may vary.

Activity 2:

6. 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 𝑐 , 𝑐 ∈ ℜ
𝑥 𝑦
7. + = 1, 𝑏 ∈ ℜ 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 0
2𝑏 𝑏
or 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2𝑏 , 𝑏 ∈ ℜ 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 0
𝑥 𝑎𝑦
8. + 12 = 1 , 𝑎 ∈ ℜ 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 0
𝑎
or 12𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑦 = 12𝑎 , 𝑎 ∈ ℜ 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 0
𝑥 𝑦
9. + = 1 , 𝑏 ∈ ℜ 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 0, 3
𝑏−3 𝑏
or 𝑏𝑥 + (𝑏 − 3)𝑦 = 𝑏(𝑏 − 3), 𝑏 ∈ ℜ 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 0, 3
10. 𝑦 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 2) + 3 , 𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑦

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