MOVEMENT

THROUGH
MEMBRANE
JOHN PAUL REGANIT, MSN, LPT, RN
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR
MOVEMENT THROUGH MEMBRANE
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the class, you must know
1. Importance of cell membrane
2. Types of Transport mechanisms
3. Active transport in detail
4. Primary active transport
5. Secondary active transport - Co-transport and Counter
transport
MOVEMENT THROUGH MEMBRANE
THE CELL
All cells have a cell membrane
PROKARYOTIC
EUKARYOTIC CELL
MOVEMENT THROUGH MEMBRANE
THE CELL MEMBRANE
STRUCTURE
• Lipid Bilayer -2 layers of phospholipids
a. Phosphate head is polar (water loving)
b. Fatty acid tails non-polar (water fearing)
c. Proteins embedded in membrane
 phospholipids (75%)
 cholesterol (20%)
 glycolipids (5%)
MOVEMENT THROUGH MEMBRANE
THE CELL MEMBRANE
FUNCTION
• Separate cell from environment
• Transport substances in and out of cell
• Receive and respond to stimuli
PROPERTIES
• Hydrophobic and hydrophilic
• Selectively permeable
MOVEMENT THROUGH MEMBRANE
THE CELL MEMBRANE
Cell membranes have pores (holes) in it

• Selectively permeable: Allows some

molecules in and keeps other molecules
out
• The structure helps it be selective!
MOVEMENT THROUGH MEMBRANE
TYPES OF TRANSPORT
• PASSIVE- require no metabolic energy from the cell, rely on
the physical properties of the substances

• ACTIVE- requires energy expenditure by the cell to move

substances whose properties prevents them from moving
on its own
MOVEMENT THROUGH MEMBRANE
TYPES OF TRANSPORT
PHYSICAL BASIS OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT
BROWNIAN MOTION
• Constant movement of all particles of matter

DIFFUSION
• the net movement of particles (molecules) from high to
lower concentration
OSMOSIS
• movement of solvent (water) across a semipermeable
membrane from a high to low water concetration
MOVEMENT THROUGH MEMBRANE
TYPES OF TRANSPORT
PHYSICAL BASIS OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT
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TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
ISOTONIC
• solution w/ same potential osmotic pressure as another
solution, same relative water concentration
HYPOTONIC
• lower potential osmotic pressure w/ higher water
concentration
HYPERTONIC
• higher potential pressure w/ lower water concentration
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TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
MOVEMENT THROUGH MEMBRANE
TYPES OF TRANSPORT
FILTRATION
• Movement of particles across a membrane from an area of
high pressure to an area of low pressure
MOVEMENT THROUGH MEMBRANE
LET’S DO IT!
MATERIALS
• India ink • Jar or beaker
• KMNO4 crystals • Filter paper
• Petri dish • Distilled water
• Forceps • Glass funnel
• Plastic tubing • Flask
• String • CuSO4 solution
• Sucrose solution • Boiled starch
• Syringe • Charcoal
• Laboratory Balance • Lugol’s reagent
MOVEMENT THROUGH MEMBRANE
LET’S DO IT!
BROWNIAN MOTION
• Prepare a wet mount slide
• Observe under HPO – see
the dye particles moving
short & irregular distance
MOVEMENT THROUGH MEMBRANE
LET’S DO IT!
DIFFUSION
• Use forceps , place a piece of
KMNO4 crystals in the center
of a glass filled with calm hot
water and cold water
• Place same size of crystal on
cold water
• Do not disturb
• Observe for 30 mins- note
changes in the crystals
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LET’S DO IT!
FILTRATION
• Place cone made filter paper
inside glass funnel
• Position the funnel over and
empty flask
• Mix together 3ml copper
sulfate + 4 ml boiled starch
solution + pinch of charcoal +
5-8ml distilled water. Note
the physical characteristics.
• Pour mixture into the funnel
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LET’S DO IT!
FILTRATION
• Observe mixture being
filtered by the paper. Does
the process becomes
progressively faster, slower
or remain steady?
• Examine filtrate
MOVEMENT THROUGH MEMBRANE
LET’S DO IT!
OSMOSIS IN 3 TYPES OF SOLUTION
• On 3 plastic tubings , tie one end with string form a water tight bag. Leave
10 cm string dangling freely
• Fill the 3 tubes with (5-10ml) 15% sucrose solution. A void spilling of
solution outside the bag. Tie other end with another piece of string
• Measure the mass on balance & record
• Place bag 1 in jar or beaker half filled with distilled water
• Place bag 2 in 15% sucrose
• Place bag 3 in 40% sucrose
• Leave it dangling after 45-60 min remove , dry & weigh
• Record & interpret results
MOVEMENT THROUGH MEMBRANE
LET’S DO IT!
OSMOSIS IN 3 TYPES OF SOLUTION
MOVEMENT THROUGH MEMBRANE
LET’S DO IT!
OSMOSIS IN 3 TYPES OF SOLUTION
MOVEMENT THROUGH MEMBRANE
REFERENCES
• Vanputte, Regan, Russo (2019) Seeley’s Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition.
McGraw-Hill Education

• Laboratory Manual (2013) Seeley’s Essential of Anatomy and Physiology (8th

Edition) McGraw-Hill Education
MOVEMENT
THROUGH
MEMBRANE
JOHN PAUL REGANIT, MSN, LPT, RN
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR