PAPER OF ENGLISH

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Supporting Lecturer : Gumarpi Rahis Pasaribu, M.Pd

Arranged By

Group 5

Dina Syaputri (0801212224)

Putri Syahrani (0801211037)

Nurul Hardiyanti ( 0801213291)

PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE – 7

FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA

2021
 PREFACE

Praise the presence of Allah SWT who has given grace and guidance so that the
preparation of this paper can be carried out properly. Hopefully this paper can beused properly
and can be used as a learning method. The authors would like to thank the English lecturer, Mr.
Gumarpi RahisPasaribu, M.Pd who has given the task with the title Direct and Indirect
speech, so that this task can add insight in accordance with the field of study that is occupied.
The authors also thank all those who have shared their knowledge to make this paper possible.

The authors hope that this paper can increase the knowledge of all of us who read this
paper so that the knowledge that we will gain together will increase. The author is aware that
there are still many shortcomings in this paper. Therefore, the author apologizes for the lack of
this paper and hopefully in the future the paper that the compiler will make will be even better.

Medan, November 2021

The author

Group 13

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 REFERENCE

PREFACE..................................................................................................................................................2
REFERENCE............................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER I...............................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Background................................................................................................................................4
1.2 formulation of the problem.......................................................................................................4
1.3 Writing Purpose.........................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER II.............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Definition Direct And Indirect Speech.....................................................................................5
2.2 Change Of Time and Place........................................................................................................7
2.3 There Are 3 Types Of Indirect Speech.....................................................................................8
CHAPTER III..........................................................................................................................................12
3.1 Conclusion................................................................................................................................12
3.2 Suggestion.................................................................................................................................12
DAFTAR PUSTAKA..............................................................................................................................13

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
English is the international language. By mastering English well, then we will be able to
communicate with other nations in this world. In addition, we will also be able to increase our
knowledge and insight for the progress of our nation and country, because we will be able to read
English literature, listen to foreign radio broadcasts, and watch other science films. Thus, in the
end we can master knowledge in all fields. Every language certainly has its own rules or we
often call it their respective grammar terms, as well as English, there are lots of rules that must
be considered in its use, especially in the field of writing. Therefore, the author tries to present
four rules of the many rules of the English language, in addition to fulfilling the coursework, it is
also intended that this short article can add to our knowledge of the English language.

The four rules we mean are: Past Perfect Tense, Present Perfect Continuous Tense, Direct
and Indirect Speech, Preposition. Which will be discussed in the next chapter.In sentences, both
orally and in writing, there are direct sentences and indirect sentences. These terms in English
are referred to as direct and indirect speech. Knowing the use of direct and indirect speech is
needed in order to understand the context of the conversation correctly.1

1.2 formulation of the problem

a. What is meant by direct speech?

b. What is meant by indirect speech?

c. What is the difference between direct and indirect speech?

1.3 Writing Purpose

From the identification of the problems above, the author certainly aims to explain or
explain these points, according to the knowledge we have obtained, both from source books and
from our teachers. Hopefully all of them will benefit us. If there are errors in writing or words in
this paper, the author apologizes profusely

1
Muhammad Dalimunte, Maryati Salmiah. “Students Ability at changing Direct into Indirect Speech and
Indirect into Direct Speech”. State Islamic University of Nort Sumatera, Medan, Indonesia.

1
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1 Definition Direct And Indirect Speech

Direct speech is words or sentences spoken directly by the speaker (first person) and
written as is. Direct speech is the original quote of a speech wiyhout any change. Writing
direct speech is always enclosed in quotation marks, sentences always start with a capital
letter. A colon or comma (,) is placed before the direct speech when the conjuction /
reporting verb is in front, and a comma(.) must be placed after the direct speech when the
conjuction is placed after or between the direct speech. Punctuationmark such as exclamation
marks (!), question marks (?) which indicate the type of direct sentence do not change.
Example:
- He said, "I am a smart student."
- He said, “I am a good student.”
- She yelled at me : “don’t leave the door open!”
- My mother says to my sister : “Brush your teeth”
- Wherw are you going?” she asked.

Things that must be considered in the form of Direct Speech, namely:

A. Reporting Verbs (which are reported) and Reported Words (which are reported) are
separated by a comma (,).
B. Reported Words in direct sentences are written in quotation marks.
C. Reporting Verb can also be called Reporting Sentence (sentence reporting), Reported
Words can be called Reported Speech (sentence reported).
D. The location of the Reporting Verb does not have to be at the beginning of the sentence,
but can be at the end of the sentence

Indirect speech is a sentence that is spoken to convey someone's statement. indirect

speech which is conveyed by telling what someone said without including quotation marks.
This type of delivery can also be done by self-talk or reported speech. So, the words used do
not have to be the same as what the person said. Indirect speech is characterized by the use of
the word 'that' to describe what the other person has said.
Example:
- She says that he is a clever student.
- He said that he was a good student.
Things that must be considered in indirect sentences, namely:
A. The Reporting Verb and Reported Words are connected by a conjunction.
B. In indirect speech, quotation marks are not required.

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 Indirect Speech Forms, indirect speech can be divided into two, namely:
C. In the form of an indirect sentence whose preface is in the Present Tense, the direct
sentence does not change the tense.
Example:
- She says, "I am a clever student.
- "He said, “I am a good student.”
In the form of an indirect sentence whose preface is in the past tense, the sentence
undergoes changes, namely tense, personal pronouns, and adverbs of place.2
According to Quirk, et al (1973:341), reports submitted are used by others or the speaker
itself can be divided into two forms, namely:
1. The form of direct speech (non-reported speech/direct speech)
2. Forms of indirect speech (reported speech/indirect speech)
We can tell the difference between direct and indirect speech see in the following example,
namely:
- He said, "I am very angry." (direct speech)
- He said that he was very angry. (indirect sentence)
Direct speech is a basic form whose contents provide words that right, that someone or
perhaps the narrative itself says or does not say it in spoken or written form. Direct speech is
usually enclosed in quotation marks.
Example:
- My father said, “I am watching TV.”
- My dad said, "I'm watching TV."
The utterance is included in the statement sentence.
The theory of Quirk, et al (1973:341-346), which states that communication in the form of
Speech can be divided into 2 forms, namely:
1. Direct speech
2. Indirect speech
Furthermore, they stated that there are 4 types of reporting speech in speech directly and
indirectly, namely:
a. Sentence types using (Wh+ Question)
b. statement (statement) in the form of a clause (that)
c. sentence in the form of a command (command), namely (to + infinitive)
d. exclamations
According to Marcella Frank (1972:302), the question mark or exclamation mark is
derived from the clause nouns are made from interrogative sentences or
exclamations/commands. Noun clause in speech direct speech has quotation marks placed at
the beginning and end clause. The first word of a direct speech quote is to use capital letters
and phrases verbs of words or questions are separated by commas.
According to Digby Beaumont and Colin Ranger (1992:124), the use of direct speech
2
Written by Feby. Gramedia Blog. ”Materi Direct & Indirect Speech : Pengertian, jenis, contoh kalimat
dan soal”, diakses dari https://www.gramedia.com

3
 whether or not where they are talking and when they talk, will often change when only one
reported these words at a changing place and time.3
The definition of a direct sentence is a sentence that is quoted from someone's words
without changing the words and always put quotation marks in the sentence. While indirect
sentences are sentences that convey what someone said but in the sentence there are changes
in words and do not change the meaning. Direct and indirect sentences are divided into three,
namely statements, commands, and questions.4
Indirect speech can be divided into two, namely :
a) In the form of an indirect sentences whose preface is in the presnt tense, the direct
sentences does not change the tense.
b) In the form of an indirect sentences whose preface is in the past tense, the sentences
undergoes changes, namely tense, personal pronouns, and adverb of place.

2.2 Change Of Time and Place

A. Adverb Of Time
- today becomes that day
- yesterday became the day before, the previous day.
- last night became the night before
- last week became the week before
- a week ago became a week before
- a month ago became a month before
- tomorrow becomes the following day, the next day
- next week becomes the following week
- next month becomes the following month
- next year will be the following year

B. Adverb Of Place
- Here became there
- This became that
- These became those5

3
Jurnal oleh Dian Fitriani Karim jurusan sastra inggris mengenai “ Ucapan langsung dan tidak langsung
bahasa inggris”. 2013. Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Manado
4
Reading and Writing. Tanggal 1 mei 2020. ”Direct and Indirect speech”. Diakses melalui EFf Blog.
Ef.co.id
5
Published by Feby. 1 year ago. Diakses melalui https://www.gramedia.com

4
2.3 There Are 3 Types Of Indirect Speech

a. Imperative (Command / request)

Imperative is a command that aims to order / ask someone to do something we want. In
the imperative we are not recommended to use the subject at the beginning of the sentence,
because this sentence is direct to the subject but does not mention the subject. For example.
Take my umbrella!.
The punctuation mark that is always used in the imperative is an exclamation mark (!)
and the word "please" which is usually placed at the beginning or end of the sentence. It
aims to emphasize the sentence so that the commanded directly carries out the order. What
is the explanation if we make a command or imperative sentence in a direct speech into an
indirect speech? 6
Reported here is a command, because the command sentences usually does not recognize
the subject, the verb in the direct imperative does not change. The verb in the indirect
becomes to the infinitive.

Positive Imperative
pay attention to the changes :
- He said, “Go away!” > He = To go away
- “Come here !” she said > She = to came here
- I said, “Be quite!” > I = to be quite
- He begged, “Be happy!” > He = to be happy

Negative Imperative
- He said, “Don’t go away!” > He = not to go away
- “Don’t came here!” she said > She = not to came here
- I Said, “Don’t be noisy!” > I = not to be noisy
- He begged, “don’t be lazy!” > He = not to be lazy

Positive imperative sentences. Have 2 types.

- contains a verb or activity.
- does not contain a verb. If the positive imperative sentence contains a verb, then the
command pattern is Verb 1 and if it does not contain a verb the command pattern gets the
prefix be, namely "be adjective or adverb". For indirect sentences from positive
imperatives, all you have to do is add the word 'to' in front of the imperative and then
combine it with a conducting verb as exemplified in the section above. Negative
imperative sentences always get the prefix don't when this pattern is changed to indirect,
the word daon't must be changed to not to.
6
By Mr Min. Posted on August 20, 2021. Diakses melalaui https://www.nahasa inggris.co.id

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 Examples :
Direct
 “Please help me !” she told him
 “Don’t worry about it!” h said to her
 “Be quiet!” she yelled at he children
 “Don’t be lazy!” she said to John

Indirect
 She asked him to help her
 He told her not to worry
 She ordered the children to be quiet
 She advised John not be lazy

b. Declarative (statement)
 A declarative sentence using the preface
 When the speaker reports back what was said by the other person, then the noun in
the sentence must change.
The report sentences of a statement underwent several changes, including :

. Pronoun and Possessive adjective

Direct Indirect

I He/She

You Me/he/she/them/i/him

My His/her

Our Their/Our

Yur My/his/her

. Information abot time and place

Direct Indirect
Now then
Today that day
Tomorrow The next day
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 Yesterday the day before
Here there
This that
These those

. Tenses
Direct Indirect
Present simple Past simple
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfectpas perfect
Future simple Past future
Future continuous Pas future continuous
Future perfect past future perfect
Past simple past perfect
Past continuous pas perfect continuous
Past perfect pas perfect

Examples :

Direct
Anto “I will go now”
Ratu “They love me”
“I’ve been writing”
Father “I was sick yesterday”
Indirect
Anto said that he would go then
Ratu told that they loved her
Prabu that he had been writing
Father told that he had been sick the day before

c. Interrogative (Question)
The interrogative / question fom is divided into two
- Prefixed with auxiliary
- Begins with kt ask (question word)

1. Beginning with auxiliary

If the question starts with an auxiliary, which only requires an answer yes/no, then
in this case the conjuction “if” or “whether” is used in yhe indirect. This indirect
question sentence is first changed into the form a statement (statement), then the
changes are treated as in the statement pattern.

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 Direct Indirect
Doctor : “Do You usually take Doctor asked if / whether I usually took a nap
a nap?
Changed :
You usually take a
nap
Ratu : “Are you student?” Ratu asked if / whethet I was a student
Changed :
You are a student
2. In a question
that uses a question word, question word (QW): how, when, why where, who, which,
what is used as a conjunction in the indirect speech. The steps for forming this type of
indirection are the same as the steps for form one (1) above: first, the interrogative
sentence is changed into a statement meaning, then the changes are treated as in the
statement pattern. However, in this case the "if/whether" position is replaced with a
question word from berk the direct.

Direct Indirect
Arief “how do you spell your name?” Arief asked how I spelt my name
You spell you name7

7
Functional English Grammar by otong setiawan djuharie

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 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion
 Direct speech is words or sentences spoken directly by the speaker (first person) and
written as is. Direct speech is the original quote of a speech wiyhout any change.
Writing direct speech is always enclosed in quotation marks, sentences always start
with a capital letter.
 Indirect speech is a sentence that is spoken to convey someone's statement. indirect
speech which is conveyed by telling what someone said without including quotation
marks. This type of delivery can also be done by self-talk or reported speech.
 The definition of a direct sentence is a sentence that is quoted from someone's words
without changing the words and always put quotation marks in the sentence. While
indirect sentences are sentences that convey what someone said but in the sentence
there are changes in words and do not change the meaning. Direct and indirect
sentences are divided into three, namely statements, commands, and questions.

3.2 Suggestion
I hope this article can be useful and apllied to English subjects.

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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