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Ibn Hajar’s Nukhba Explained: Principles of Hadith – 04

Shaykh Ahmed El Azhary

Intention

I hereby intend to learn and to teach, to be reminded and to

remind, to be beneficial and to derive benefit, to be useful and
to find use, and to encourage holding fast to the Book of Allah
and the Sunnah of His messenger, and to call unto guidance to
guide unto good, for the sake of Allah, His pleasure, proximity
and reward, transcendent and exalted is He!

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04: About the Author

• The Division of Reports

• Mass-Transmitted Narrations.
• Solitary Narrations.
• Well-Known Reports.
• Rare Reports.
• Strange Reports.

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The Division of Reports

Al-Khabar, or the Report: :‫الخبر إما أن يكون له‬

1. There can be an unspecified .‫طرق بال عدد معين‬ .1

number of routes for it; or .‫أو مع حصر بما فوق االثنين‬ .2

2. A specific [number of routes] .‫أو بهما‬ .3

over two; or .‫أو بواحد‬ .4

3. Two [routes]; or
4. One [route].

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Al-Mutawatir

.‫ المتواتر المفيد للعلم اليقيني بشروطه‬:‫فاألول‬ •

• First is al-Mutawatir, or the “Report En Masse” (Mass-Transmitted

Narrations); the one which is useful for al-`Ilm al-Yaqini, or “Definite
Knowledge,” when its conditions are fulfilled.

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Al-Mashhur

.‫ المشهور؛ وهو المستفيض على رأي‬:‫والثاني‬ •

• The second is al-Mashhur, or the “Well-Known Report”; and it is

equivalent to al-Mustafid (Wide-Spread Report), according to an
opinion.

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Al-`Aziz

.‫ خالفاً لمن زعمه‬،‫ وليس شرطاً للصحيح‬،‫ العزيز‬:‫والثالث‬ •

• The third is al-`Aziz, or the “Rare Report”; and it is not a condition for
authenticity, contrary to those who allege so.

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Al-Gharib

.‫ الغريب‬:‫والرابع‬ •

• The fourth is al-Gharib, or the “Strange Report.”

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Mashhur, `Aziz & Gharib are all Ahad

.‫ آحاد‬- ‫ سوى األول‬- ‫وكلها‬ •

• Apart from the first [category] all the others are considered ‘Ahad, or
a type of Solitary Narration.

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Ahad Reports

.‫ دون األول‬،‫ لتوقف االستدالل بها على البحث عن أحوال رواتها‬،‫وفيها المقبول والمردود‬ •

• These reports (the Ahad reports) include both the accepted and the
rejected as well, since their validity as evidence requires investigating
the quality of the narrators. This is not so in the case of the first type
i.e. Mutawatir.

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Ahad and Inductive Knowledge

.‫وقد يقع فيها ما يفيد العلم النظري بالقرائن على المختار‬ •

• At times, due to some external support, some Ahad may yield al-`Ilm
al-Nadhari, or Inductive Knowledge, according to the preferred
position.

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Questions Time!