INDEX

 Fourier Series
 General Fourier
 Discontinuous Functions
 Even And Odd Functions
 Half Range Fourier Cosine & Sine Series
FOURIER SERIES

A Fourier series
is an expansion
of a periodic
function in
terms of an
infinite sum of
sines and
cosines.
General Formula For Fourier
Series

Where,
Formulas To Solve Examples

 uv  uv u 'v
1 2 u 'v3 uu ''v4 

Where,
u, u’, u”, u’’’,_ _ _ _ are denoted by derivatives.
And
V1,v2,v3,v4,_ _ _ _ _ are denoted by integral.
Formulas To Solve Examples

 Even*Odd = Odd
 Even*Even = Even
 Odd*Odd = Even
 Odd*Even = Odd

 2SC = S + S
 2CS = S – S
 2CC = C + C
 2SS = cos(α-β) –cos(α+β)
Formulas To Solve Examples
Formulas To Solve Examples
---When f(x) odd function

---When f(x) even

function
Discontinuous Type Functions

 In the interval C  X  C 2

f(x)  f1 ( x), C  x  x0
 f 2 ( x), x0  x  C  2
 The function is discontinuous at x =x0

f (x0  0)  f (x
( 0  0)
f (x0 ) 
2
So Fourier series formula is

1  x0 C  2

a 0    f1 (x)dx   f 2 (x)ddx 
 C 
 x0

1  x0 C 2 
an    f1 (x) *cos(nx)dx   f 2 (x) * cos(nx)dx 
 C 
 x0

1  x0 C2 
bn    f1 (x)*sin(nx)dx   f 2 (x)*sin(nx)dx 
 C 
 x0
Change Of Interval Method

 In this method , function has period P=2L ,

where L is any integer number.
 In interval 0<x<2L Then l = L/2
 When interval starts from 0 then l = L/2
 In the interval – L < X < L Then l = L
 For discontinuous function n , Take l = C where
C is constant.
 General Fourier series formula in interval
C xC2L

n x n x 
f (x) 
a0
  a n cos( )  b n sin( ) 

2 n1  l l 
Where,

1 C 2L
l C
a0  f (x)dx

1 C 2L n x 
an    f ( x ) * cos( )dx
l  C l 
1 C2L n x 
bn    f (x)*sin( )dx
l  C l 
Even Function
f (x)  f (x)
 The graph of even function is symmetrical
about Y – axis.
 Examples : x2 , x ,cos x, x2 cos x, xsin x
Fourier series for even function

1. In the interval   x  


f (x) 
a0
2
  a n cos(nx)
n 1

2
a0 
  f (x)dx
0

2  
an    f ( x ) * cos(nx )dx 
 0 
Fourier series for even function
(conti.)

2. In the interval l  x  l
a0 
a n x 
f (x) 
2
   n c o s ( l ) 
n 1
l
2
a0 
l  f (x)dx
0

2 l n x 
an    f ( x ) * cos( )dx
l 0 l 
Odd Function

f (x)   f (x)

 The graph of odd function is passing through

origin.
 Examples:- x , x 3 , x c o s x , s i n x , x 3 c o s x
Fourier series for odd function

1. In the interval   x  

f ( x)  b n sin(nnx)
n1

2
bn 
  f ( x) sin(nnx)dx
0
Fourier series for odd function
(conti.)

 In the interval l  x  l
n
f (x)  b 
sin( x
x)
n
n 1 l

2 n
bn 
  f (x) sin(
l
x)dx
0
Half Range Fourier Cosine Series
 In this method , we have 0 < x < π or 0 < x < l
type interval.
 In this method , we find only a0 and an .
 bn = 0
Half Range Fourier Cosine Series

1.In the interval 0 < x < π



f (x) 
a0
2
  a n cos(nx)
n 1

2
a0 
  f (x)dx
0

2  
an    f ( x ) * cos(nx )dx 
 0 
Half Range Fourier Cosine
Series(conti.)
2. In the interval 0 < x < l
Take l = L
a 
a n x 
f (x)  0 
2
  n c o s (
l
)

n 1
l
2
a0 
l  f (x)dx
0

2 l n x 
an    f ( x ) * cos( )dx
l 0 l 
Half Range Fourier Sine Series

 In this method , we find only bn

 an =0
 a0 =0
Half Range Fourier Sine Series

1. In interval 0 < x < π


f ( x)  b n sin(nnx)
n1

2
bn 
  f ( x) sin(nnx)dx
0
Half Range Fourier Sine Series
(conti.)
2. In the interval 0 < x < l

n
f (x)  b 
sin( x
x)
n
n 1 l

2 n
bn 
  f (x) sin(
l
x)dx
0