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Lecture (3)
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Express Ur Self
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Personality & Duplicate It
Lecture (3)
Fourier Series
Fourier Series
1. Periodic Function
The functions sin x and cos x are periodic with period 2, since
• period 2.
3. Fourier Series Definition
Any continuous periodic function f(x) of period 2L can be
a0 n n
f ( x) (an cos x bn sin x)
2 n 1 L L
This is also true for any piecewise continuous (has finite points of
conditions
3. Fourier Series Definition
a0 n n
f ( x) (an cos x bn sin x)
2 n 1 L L
The Fourier coefficients are given by:
1 L
a0 f ( x)dx
L L
1 L n
an f ( x) cos xdx
L L L
1 L
n
b f ( x) sin
n
xdx
L L L
4. Fourier Series with Period 2π
a0
f ( x) (an cos nx bn sin nx)
2 n 1
The Fourier coefficients are given by:
1
a f ( x)dx
0
1
an f ( x) cos nxdx
1
b f ( x) sin nxdx
n
5. Fourier Series Graph Examples
6. Fourier Series Example 1
Example1: Find Fourier Series for the following function
Solution
6. Fourier Series Example 1
Example1: Find Fourier Series for the following function
Solution
• 2L=10 → L= 5
1 L
1 0 5
3
a f ( x)dx [ 0dx 3dx] (5) 3
0
L L 5 5 0 5
6. Fourier Series Example 1
Example 1: Find Fourier Series for the following function
Solution
• 2L=10 → L= 5
6. Fourier Series Example 1
Example 1: Find Fourier Series for the following function
Solution
• 2L=10 → L= 5
6. Fourier Series Example 1
Example 1: Find Fourier Series for the following function
Solution
• 2L=10 → L= 5
7. Fourier Series Example 2
Example 2: Find Fourier Series for the following function
Solution
• 2L=2 → L=
7. Fourier Series Example 2
Example 2: Find Fourier Series for the following function
Solution
• L=
1
a f ( x)dx
0
7. Fourier Series Example 2
Example 2: Find Fourier Series for the following function
Solution
• L=
1
an f ( x) cos nxdx
7. Fourier Series Example 2
Example 2: Find Fourier Series for the following function
Solution
• L=
1
b f ( x) sin nxdx
n
Integration by Parts
7. Fourier Series Example 2
Example 2: Find Fourier Series for the following function
Solution
• L=
8. Even Functions
L L
f ( x)dx 2 f ( x)dx
L 0
9. Odd Functions
Let f(x) be a function defined for all real x: Then f is an odd function
if for all x, f(x) = f(x), i.e. the graph of f is symmetric about the
origin.
Odd Functions
L
f ( x)dx 0
L
10. Fourier Cosine Series for
Even Periodic Functions
If f(x) is an even periodic function with period 2L
bn= 0
a0 n
f ( x) an cos x
2 n 1 L
2L
a0 f ( x)dx
L0
2L n
an f ( x) cos xdx
L0 L
11. Fourier Sine Series
for Odd Periodic Functions
If f(x) is an odd periodic function with period 2L
a0 = 0 & an= 0
n
f ( x) bn sin x
n 1 L
2L n
bn f ( x) sin xdx
L0 L
12. Fourier Cosine & Fourier Sine Series
Example
Find Fourier Cosine & Fourier Sine Series for the following
function
Even , 2L= 4 , L=2
Solution Symmetric around y-axis
Solution
• L= 2 & bn= 0
Fourier Cosine Series
12. Fourier Cosine & Fourier Sine Series
Example
Find Fourier Series for the following function
Solution
Fourier Cosine Series
• L= 2 & bn= 0
12. Fourier Cosine & Fourier Sine Series
Example
Find Fourier Cosine & Fourier Sine Series for the following
function
ODD , 2L= 4 , L=2
Solution Symmetric around Origin
Solution
• L= 2 & a0 = 0 & an= 0 Fourier Sine Series
Solution