FOURIER SERIES

1. A function f(x) can be expressed as a Fourier series in (0, 2π) as

a0 ∞
f ( x) = + ∑ [a n cos nx + bn sin nx]
2 n=1
2π
1
Where a 0 =
π ∫0
f ( x ) dx

2π
1
an =
π ∫ f ( x) cos nxdx
0
2π
1
bn =
π ∫ f ( x ) sin nxdx
0

2. A function f(x) can be expressed as a Fourier series in (-π, π) as

a0 ∞
f ( x) = + ∑ [a n cos nx + bn sin nx]
2 n=1
π
1
Where a0 =
π ∫π f ( x ) dx
−
π
1
an =
π −
∫π f ( x ) cos nxdx
π
1
bn =
π −
∫π f ( x ) sin nxdx
3. A function f(x) can be expressed as a Fourier series in (0, 2L) as
a0 ∞  nπx nπx 
f ( x) = + ∑ an cos + bn sin
2 n=1  L L 
2L
1
Where a 0 =
L ∫
0
f ( x ) dx

n πx
2L
1
an =
L ∫
0
f ( x ) cos
L
dx

n πx
2L
1
bn =
L ∫ f ( x ) sin
0
L
dx
4. A function f(x) can be expressed as a Fourier series in (-L, L) as
a0 ∞  nπ x nπ x 
f ( x) = + ∑ an cos + bn sin
2 n=1  L L 
L
1
a0 =
L −L
∫ f ( x ) dx

nπx
L
1
an = ∫ f ( x ) cos dx
L −L L
n πx
L
1
bn =
L ∫
−L
f ( x ) sin
L
dx

5. If a function f(x) is an even function in (-π, π) then its Fourier series expansion contains
a0 ∞
cosine terms only, i.e. f ( x) = + ∑ [an cos nx ]
2 n=1
π
2
Where a0 =
π ∫
0
f ( x ) dx

π
2
an =
π ∫ f ( x ) cos nxdx
0
6. If a function f(x) is an odd function in (-π, π) then its Fourier series expansion contains
∞

sine terms only, i.e. f ( x) = ∑ [ bn sin nx]

n=1
π
2
bn =
π ∫ f ( x ) sin nxdx
0
7. If a function f(x) is an even function in (-L, L) then its Fourier series expansion contains
a0 ∞  nπ x 
cosine terms only, i.e. f ( x) = + ∑ an cos
2 n=1  L 
L
2
a0 =
L ∫ 0
f ( x ) dx

nπx
L
2
a n = ∫ f ( x ) cos dx
L0 L
8. If a function f(x) is an odd function in (-L, L) then its Fourier series expansion contains
∞
 nπx 
f ( x) = ∑  bn sin
L 
sine terms only, i.e.
n=1 

n πx
L
2
bn =
L ∫ f ( x ) sin
0
L
dx

9. A function f(x) can be expressed as a half range Fourier cosine series in (0, π) as
a0 ∞
f ( x) = + ∑ [an cos nx ]
2 n=1
π
2
Where a0 =
π ∫
0
f ( x ) dx

π
2
an =
π ∫ f ( x ) cos nxdx
0
10. A function f(x) can be expressed as a half range Fourier sine series in (0, π) as
∞
f ( x) = ∑ [ bn sin nx]
n =1
π
2
bn =
π ∫ f ( x ) sin nxdx
0
11. A function f(x) can be expressed as a half range Fourier cosine series in (0, L) as
a0 ∞  nπ x 
f ( x) = + ∑ an cos
2 n=1  L 
L
2
a0 =
L ∫
0
f ( x ) dx

nπx
L
2
L ∫0
an = f ( x ) cos dx
L
12. A function f(x) can be expressed as a half range Fourier sine series in (0, L) as
∞
 nπx 
f ( x) = ∑  bn sin
n=1  L 
n πx
L
2
bn =
L ∫
0
f ( x ) sin
L
dx
13. Parseval’s identity in (0, 2π)

[ ]
2π
 a0 2 ∞
2 
∫ f ( x) dx = π  + ∑ an + bn 
2 2

0  2 n =1 
14. Parseval’s identity in (-π, π)

[ ] 
π
 a0 2 ∞

∫ f ( x) dx = π  + ∑ a n + bn
2 2 2

−π  2 n =1 
15. Parseval’s identity in (0, 2L)
 a0 2 2 
[ ]
2L ∞

∫ f ( x) dx = L  + ∑ an + bn 
2 2

0  2 n =1 
16. Parseval’s identity in (-L, L)
 a0 2 2 
[ ]
L ∞

∫ f ( x) dx = L  + ∑ an + bn 
2 2

−L  2 n =1 
17. Parseval’s identity in (0, π) provided half range cosine series

[ ] 
π
π  a0 ∞
2

∫ f ( x) dx = + ∑ an
2 2

0
2 2 n=1 
18. Parseval’s identity in (0, π) provided half range sine series

[ ] 
π
π ∞

∫ f ( x) dx = ∑ bn
2 2

0
2  n=1 
19. Parseval’s identity in (0, L) provided half range cosine series

L  a0 
[ ]
L 2 ∞

∫ f ( x) dx =  + ∑ an 
2 2

0
2 2 n =1 
20. Parseval’s identity in (0, L) provided half range sine series

L ∞ 2 
[ ]
L

∫ f ( x) dx =  ∑ bn 
2

0
2  n=1 