SUB: - Economics DATE: - 12/04/2022

MARKS: - 40 TIME: - 90 MIN

STD :- 12th

1. Choose the correct altrernative for the following question:

A. Objective Questions

Question 1

Write true or false for each statement

(a) The S.I. unit of force is kgf.

Answer: False.

(b) A force always produces both the linear and turning motions.

Answer: False.

(c) Moment of force = force × perpendicular distance of force – from the pivoted point.

Answer: True.

(d) Less force is needed when applied at a farther distance from the pivoted point.

Answer: True.

(e) For a given thrust, pressure is more on a surface of large j area.

Answer: False.

(f) The pressure on a surface increases with an increase in the thrust on the surface.

Solution: True.

(g) A man exerts the same pressure on the ground whether he is standing or he is lying.

Answer: False.

(h) It is easier to hammer a blunt nail into a piece of wood than a sharply pointed nail.

Answer: False.

(i) The S.L. unit of pressure is the pascal.

Answer: True.

(j) Water in a lake exerts pressure only at its bottom.

Answer: False.

(k) A liquid exerts pressure in all directions.

Answer: True.

(l) Gases exert pressure in all directions.

Answer: True.

(m) The atmospheric pressure is nearly Pa.

Answer: True.

(n) Higher we go, the greater the air pressure.

Answer: False.

Question 2

Fill in the blanks

(a) 1 kgf = 10 N (nearly)

(b) Moment of force = force × distance of force from the point of turning

(c) In a door, handle is provided farthest from the hinges.

(d) The unit of thrust is newton.

(e) Thrust is the normal force acting on a surface.

(f) Pressure is the thrust acting on a surface of unit area.

(g) The unit of pressure is the pascal

(h) Pressure is reduced if the area of surface increases.

(i) Pressure in a liquid increases with the depth.

(j) The atmospheric pressure on the earth’s surface is nearly 10 5Pa.

Select the correct alternative:

(a) SI. unit of moment of force is

1. N

2. N cm

3. kgfm

4. N m

Solution:  The correct answer is 4. N m

(b) To obtain a given moment of force for turning a body, the force needed can be decreased by

1. applying the force at the pivoted point

2. applying the force very close to the pivoted point

3. applying the force farthest from the pivoted point

4. none of the above

Solution:  The correct answer is  3. applying the force farthest from the pivoted point

(c) The unit of thrust is

1. kgf

2. kg

3. g

4. ms-1

Solution:  The correct answer is 1. kgf

(d) The unit of pressure is

1. N×m

2. kgf

3. N

4. kgf

Solution:   The correct answer is  3. N

(e) The pressure and thrust are related as

1. Pressure = Thrust

2. Pressure = Thrust x Area

3. Pressure = Thrust/Area

4. Pressure = Area/Thrust

Solution:     The correct answer is 3. Pressure = Thrust/Area

(f) A body weighing 5 kgf, placed on a surface of area 0.1 m 2 exerts a thrust on the surface equal to

1. 50 kgf

2. 5 kgf

3. 50 kgf

4. 5 kgf

Solution:   The correct answer is  3. 50 kgf

(g) The feet of lizards act like

1. moving pads

2. drilling pads

3. suction pads

4. none of the above

Solution:  The correct answer is  3. suction pads

(h) The pressure exerted by a liquid is due to its

1. weight

2. mass

3. volume

4. area

Solution:  The correct answer is  1. weight

(i) Pressure inside a liquid increases with:

1. increase in depth

2. decrease in depth

3. decrease in density

4. none of the above

Solution: The correct answer is  1. increase in depth

(j) The atmospheric pressure at sea level is nearly

1. 10 Pa
2. 100,000 Pa

3. 100 Pa

4. 10,000 Pa

Solution:  The correct answer is  2. 100,000 Pa

Question 1.
Define moment of a force. Write its SI unit.
Answer:
The turning effect of a force about a fixed point (pivot) is called the moment of the force.
Its SI unit is N m
(newton metre).
Question 2.
It is easier to open a door by applying the force at its handle than at the hinged end. Why?
Answer:
It is easier to open a door by applying the force at its handle than at the hinged end
because the moment of force is large when the force is applied at the handle as the
moment arm is larger as compared to when the force is applied at the hinged end.
Question 3.
Write any two applications of moment of force.
Answer:
The twð applications of moment of force are :
a. The hand flour grinder is provided with a handle near its rim to increase the moment
arm so that even a small force applied can produce a. large turning effect.
b. A long spanner is used to loosen a tight nut. This is because by increasing the length, of
the spanner, the moment arm gets increased and even a small force can produce a large
turning effect.
B. Solve the following numericals.
Question 1.
A nut is opened by a spanner of length 30 cm. If the applied force is 20 N, find the moment
of force needed to loosen the nut.
Answer:
Here,
Force (F) = 120 N
Moment arm (d) = 30 cm = 30100 = 0.3 m
Moment of force = F X d
= (120 N) x (0.3 m) = 36 N m
So, the moment of force needed to loosen the nut is 36N m.
Question 2.
A force of 250 N produces a moment of force of 500 N m. Calculate the moment arm.
Answer:
Here,
Force (F) = 250 N
Moment of force 500 N m
Moment arm (d) = ?
By using the formula,
Moment of force = F X d
we get,
500 N m = 250 N x d
d = 500Nm250N = 2m
Question 3.
Calculate the force which will produce a moment of 60 N m when the perpendicular
distance between the point of application of force and the fixed point is 60 cm.
Answer:
Here,
Moment of force = 60 N m
Moment arm (a) = 60 cm = 60100m = 0.6 m
By using the formula,
Moment of force F x d
we get,
60Nm = F x 0.6m
F= 60Nm0.6m = 100N