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Department of Education
National Capital Region
SCHOOL S DIVISIO N OFFICE
MA RIKIN A CIT Y

ENGLISH
First Quarter – Module 4
Using Signals for Coherence

Writer: Analiza A. Cordilla

Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas
Layout Artist: Shiela Mae A. Cancino

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 What I Need to Know

Good day, learners of the English language! After this lesson, you will be
able to learn how to:

Identify and Use Signals that Indicate Coherence (e.g. additive - also, moreover;
causative - as a result, consequently; conditional/ concessional - otherwise, in
that case, however; sequential - to begin with, in conclusion; clarifying - for
instance, in fact, in addition) (EN8RC-Ia-7.2)

Moreover, you will learn concepts and do practice activities that will help you
do the following:
a. identify signals that indicate coherence;
b. distinguish different types of signals that indicate coherence;
c. choose the appropriate signals for a coherent paragraph;
d. compose a coherent paragraph using signals.

What I Know

Answer the short pre-assessment activity below to find out what you
already know about the topic.
Circle the letter of the correct answer.
1. What words or phrases are used to connect or join ideas in sentences that
have a particular relationship?
A. Adverbs C. Connectors
B. Adjectives D. Verbs

2. Which of the following statements best explains a coherent paragraph?

A. It introduces new ideas in a text that have never been discussed.
B. It is a special type of clue that authors use to make ideas stick together.
C. The text uses words which cause a reader to have a dictionary to
understand them.
D. The text is easy to read and understand because it follows a logical order of
ideas.

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 3. Which of the following words that shows the addition of ideas?
A. And C. First
B. But D. Later

4. Arrange the phrases below by placing the text in the correct order.
1. that all men
2. created equally
3. I strongly believe
4. and women are

A. 4, 3, 2, 1 C. 3, 4, 1, 2
B. 3, 1, 4, 2 D. 1, 4, 2, 3

5. The weather was terrible. ____________, we decided to delay our trip.

A. Furthermore C. Therefore
B. Besides D. Although

Lesson
Using Signals for Coherence
1

What’s In

Let us have a quick review of the lesson on the parts of a paragraph.

Complete the sentences below to identify the different parts of a paragraph.

PARTS OF A PARAGRAPH

Topic Sentence: This sentence tells the main ___________

Supporting Sentences: These sentences give ___________

_____________________

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 Conclusion: This sentence sums ______________________

In today’s lesson, you will learn about identifying and using signals that
indicate coherence. Signals help you follow the direction of a writer’s thought. It
also guides you in writing your ideas clearly.

What’s New

A. Before Reading
Have you tried cooking your most favorite food? Can you tell the easy
steps to follow in cooking it? ______

B. During Reading
Read the paragraph carefully. Take note of the words in bold letters.

Spicy Chicken Adobo

Have you ever tried cooking spicy chicken adobo? If you haven’t, here
are some easy steps to follow. First, heat oil in a pan and sauté garlic and
onions. Second, add the chicken and sear on all sides until it becomes
golden brown. Next, pour in water, soy sauce, bay leaves and chili pepper.
Then, wait to boil over high heat then reduce heat to simmer for ten to
fifteen minutes or until the sauce thickens. Lastly, serve warm with a cup
of rice.

C. Post Reading
Let’s Analyze
1. What is the first thing you need to do in cooking a spicy chicken adobo?

Answer: ______________________________________________________

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 2. What are the next four steps to do?
Answer:
 ___________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________
3. If given a chance to cook, how can you follow the steps correctly?

Answer: ______________________________________________________

4. What do the words first, next, and then signal for?

Answer: _____________________________________________________

What Is It

The words first, second, next, then, and lastly in the previous activity are
examples of sequential signals (words that show sequence or order of events)
that indicate coherence.

Signals are linking words or transitional phrases that connect your ideas
between sentences and paragraphs to indicate coherence.

Coherence means every phrase and sentence contributes to the meaning of the
whole paragraph or text. To achieve this, signal words are very important in
connecting one idea to another.

Some signals that indicate coherence are:

1. Additive – also, moreover, and, furthermore, in fact, as well as

Example:
I don’t like the advertisement, in fact, it is an exaggerated one.

Explanation: The word in fact signals addition of ideas.

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2. Causative – as a result, consequently, thus, therefore, because of

Example:
I was late to work because of the heavy traffic.

Explanation: The word because signals cause and effect relationship.

3. Conditional/ Concessional – otherwise, in that case, but, however

Example:
I like that sweater; however, it only comes in one color

Explanation: The word however signals condition.

4. Sequential – to begin with, in conclusion; first, next, then, after, finally

Example:
After so much time waiting in the long line, the boys finally got their
hamburgers.

Explanation: The word finally signals order of events.

5. Clarifying – for instance, particularly, in other words

Example:
There are many social media platforms, for instance, via Facebook, where
one can access information easily.

Explanation: The word for instance signals that the writer is giving a
specific example of a particular topic or idea.

What skill in reading is developed when signals are used correctly in a

paragraph? ____________________________________________

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 What’s More

To help you master the skill of using signals for coherence, answer the
succeeding activities.

Activity 1

Underline the signals used in each sentence.

1. Anthony’s parents are poor. Despite this, they remained helpful towards
their neighbors.
2. His parents were also of good heart. Anthony, in effect, grew with love and
respect for his parents.
3. Anthony is a man of courage and valor. Consequently, women fell in love
with him without difficulty.
4. Anthony accepts visitors at home with this line, “Kindly have something
to eat. Meanwhile, I’ll get you a cold drink”.
5. Anthony’s love for his parents is unconditional because he gives more than
what he has.

Activity 2
Identify if the signal used is appropriate or not. Then, explain your answer.
Example: Mary was absent because she had a high fever.
Answer: Yes, the signal used is appropriate. The word because signals that
high fever was the reason why Mary was absent.

1. Face to face learning is not allowed due to the pandemic.

Answer: _________________________________________________

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2. Wearing a face mask will help prevent the spread of infection. However, it is a
part of an infection control strategy to eliminate transmission.
Answer: _________________________________________________

Activity 3:
Complete the paragraph by writing the correct signals on the space provided.

Next First Then

And Finally

How to Make Table Salt

To make your own table salt, follow these steps: _____

prepare powdered compounds called calcium chloride and sodium
carbonate. _____ dissolve the compounds in separate containers _____
pour the liquid from both containers together. _____ allow the mixture
What
to stand. I Have
When Learned
tiny particles have settled at the bottom of the
container, carefully pour the liquid into a pan leaving the leftover
What
element. _____, heatare
thesignals? _________
pan until all the water boils away. Left on the
bottom of the pan is pure sodium chloride or table salt.

What I Have Learned

What are signals? _________

What makes a paragraph coherent? _________

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 What I Can Do

Apply what you have learned about using signals for coherence by doing the
activity below.

Choose one topic from the box. Then, compose a short paragraph (minimum of 5
sentences) using the appropriate signals. You may come up with your own topic,
if the topic you want is not in the box.

Vlogging Fake News Online Selling

Covid19 Pandemic Online Games Addiction
Dating at a Young Age Luzon Lockdown 2020

_________________________________________________
(Topic)

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

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 Use the following criteria as a guide while working on the previously given
activity.

Criteria Score Comments

Coherence
●a variety of signals are used
appropriately between sentences and
10 pts
paragraphs

Supporting Details
●a variety of details are given:
explanations, examples, etc.
10 pts
Unity
●all supporting paragraphs focus on the 10 pts
development of the topic sentence

Assessment

Circle the appropriate signal word that will best fit the meaning of the
following sentences.

1. The number of students enrolled has been increasing in recent years.

______________, there is an upward trend of 5% annually from the year 2013-
2016.
A. In fact B. However C. Because
B. D. So that

2. We need to secure our family’s future; _____________________, our children’s.

A. Because C. Accordingly
B. However D. More importantly

3. There is a continuous indifference towards environmental issues in the

country. ________________, disaster response has always been a
problem in times of typhoons and natural disasters.
A. Besides C. In short
B. As a result D. On the other hand
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4. Our forest cover is continuously decreasing. ____________________ our
policies are not properly implemented, these negative effects transpire.
A. Otherwise C. For the reason that
B. For example D. In spite of

5. Ms. Gomez asked us to keep our notes under our desk. _____________ after,
she handed our test paper.
A. Shortly C. Previously
B. Meanwhile D. Until

6. Liz patiently made the script for the play. ______________ she stayed late just
to finish it.
A. But C. Furthermore
B. However D. Otherwise

7. Our school gave full support to our representatives on the reading proficiency
contest. ________________, we took home the championship title.
A. Despite this C. In conclusion
B. As a result D. In the first place

8. The webinar had some technical problems but the facilitators were able to
handle it. ____________, it was very informative.
A. Overall C. However
B. Besides D. For instance

9. ________________ the news, the suspect was arrested and was put in a local
jail
A. According to C. Nevertheless
B. At the same time D. Firstly

10. Alicia is afraid of heights; _____, she still wants to try riding in a hot air
balloon.
A. And C. However
B. So D. Moreover

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 Additional Activities

A. Complete each sentence using the given signal words.

1. Joana stayed awake all night; therefore,

Answer: ______________________________________________________.

2. Jude forgot about the periodic exam; as a result,

Answer: ______________________________________________________.

3. Amie bought new dress; furthermore,

Answer: ______________________________________________________.
4. The dog barked all night; consequently,

Answer: ______________________________________________________.

5. The whole family crave for an ice cream, so,

Answer: ______________________________________________________.

6. She’s a talented movie actress and also

Answer: ______________________________________________________.

7. I love pizza, although

Answer: ______________________________________________________.

8. He appeared calm, despite

Answer: ______________________________________________________.

9. I like eating chocolates because

Answer: ______________________________________________________.

10. The birthday party was cancelled due to

Answer: ______________________________________________________.
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 B. Use each signal word in a meaningful sentence. Remember to write
coherent sentences.

1. Since

_________________________________________________________________

2. Before

_________________________________________________________________

3. For example

_________________________________________________________________

4. In contrast

_________________________________________________________________

5. In the same way

_________________________________________________________________

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 References

1. Castante, Marivic. P. (2014). Development and evaluation of sample

learning elements in communicative grammar for college students.
An Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Marikina Polytechnic College. Sta.
Elena, Marikina City.

2. STARBOOKS-DOST-STII. “Using appropriate logical connectors”.

Retrieved July 7, 2020 from
https://frontlearners.com/blended/pluginfile.php/4792/mod_resource/
content/11/index.html

3. Department of Education. (2010. August 16). “How to make a table salt”.

Retrieved July 7, 2020 from
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/831

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 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Analiza A. Cordilla (KNHS)

Editors:

Marjorie Hannie T. Rarugal ( PHS)

Glenda M. Trinidad (SH- SRNHS)

Internal Validator: Janet S. Cajuguiran (EPS- English)

External Validator: Henelsie B. Mendoza, Ph.D. (PNU Professor)
Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas (PHS)
Layout Artist: Shiela Mae A. Cancino (SRNHS)

Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Janet S. Cajuguiran
EPS-English

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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