DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

DIVISION OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE CITY

San Ignacio St., Poblacion, City of San Jose del Monte 3023
10
English
Quarter II– Week 2
Identify Key Structural Elements and
Language Features of an
Argumentative Text, Passive Voice
 10

English
Quarter 1 –Week 3
Identify Key Structural Elements and
Language Features of an
Argumentative Text, Passive Voice

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

 FOREWORD

Learning can be both fun and interactive. So, we present to you this Learning
Material that will provide valuable understanding of the topic being presented. As a
21st century learner, this material can be your stepping stone in achieving proficiency
in the subject matter.
The elements serve as guides in your learning journey. The contents of these
learning materials, carefully prepared and developed by dedicated teachers from
various schools in the City of San Jose del Monte, provide deeper understanding.
Treat this module like a friend and it will connect you with the wonderful world
of learning. If you are excited to have fun while learning, this module is for you.

ii
 What I Need to Know

Argumentative texts are an academic texts not only relevant in school, but also
in one’s daily life. The ability to reason and argue may come in handy when you have
to voice out your opinion on a certain issue that you are concerned about. As such, to
be able to write a good argumentative piece, you should know its structural and
language features.
This module focuses on identifying Key Structural Elements and Language
Features of an Argumentative Text, Passive Voice.
Specifically, this lesson is designed to help you achieve the following objectives:
1. Define key structural elements such as exposition, arguments, restatement of
positions, etc.;
2. Define language features of an argumentative text, such as, modal verbs,
conjunctions, declarative statements, etc;
3. Define passive voice;
4. Differentiate argumentative text and declarative statements;
5. Explain an argumentative text and passive voice;
6. Construct sentences in passive voice; and
7. Use declarative sentences and rhetorical questions in an argumentative text
 What I Know

Directions: Read the following reading selections carefully. Then, answer the
questions by choosing the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What genre of writing requires investigation of a topic; collecting, and evaluating

evidence; which is used to establish a position on the topic in a concise
manner?
a. essay writing c. persuasive writing
b. research writing d. argumentative writing

2. Which of the following is an example of a time connective?

a. left c. nevertheless
b. before d. on the other hand

3. Which is NOT an example of cause and effect connective?

a. because c. as a result
b. therefore d. simultaneously

4. The modal ‘might’ expresses what kind of certainty?

a. assurance c. probability
b. negativity d. none of the above

5. To solve the issue on climate change, majority of the countries ______ aim to
reduce carbon dioxide emission.

What is the most appropriate modal in completing this opinion?

a. should c. perhaps
b. maybe d. generally

6. What is the function of modals in writing argumentative texts?

a. Modals are used to highlight the doer of the action.
b. Modals are used to enhance the linguistic quality of the article.
c. Modals are used to express certainty or sureness of one’s opinion.
d. Modals are used to connect ideas in sentences and paragraphs in the
article.

7. Which of the following is a sentence written in the passive voice?

a. Nothing good comes out of taking the law into your own hands.
b. The authorities should exert all efforts in helping the agricultural sector
of the country.
c. The devastating aftermath of recent typhoons is a reminder that we
need to take action in mitigating global warming.
d. History is often neglected and forgotten by the people, which is why it
must be revisited from time to time.
8. Which of the following best defines a passive voice?
a. Passive voice emphasizes the importance of grammar in writing texts.
b. Passive voice is better than active voice since it is more direct in
stating facts.
c. The passive voice is used to emphasize the action and the object
rather than subject.
d. Passive voice refers to the pattern in writing sentences by using the
different parts of speech.

9. Which linguistic element refers to any question which is posed without the
expectation of an answer?
a. tag question c. eliciting questions
b. rhetorical question d. none of the above

10. Evidentiary support is generally place in what part of the argumentative

essay?
a. body c. conclusion
b. introduction d. all of the above
 What’s In

Activity 1: Infographic Campaign

Directions: Below is an infograph by U Know Kids, an organization advocating for child
safety. Through this poster, issues on teen privacy on social media is discussed. Go
over the details of the infograph and answer the questions provided. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
 Infograph Source: https://www.visualistan.com/2014/09/teens-social-media-and-privacy.html#postimages

Questions:
1. What are the issues outlined in the infograph?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
 What is It

2. Which of these issues struck you the most? What do you want to share about this
issue?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. Do you this infograph is effective in sending the message of the campaign and
advocacy on child safety? Justify your answer.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

What’s New

Activity 2: The Art of Persuasion

Directions: Imagine you want to persuade your parents to buy you a laptop. You task
is to them convince your parents that you need this device.

What will you say to your parents? What do you think will be their reply? How will you
address their concerns? Write an imaginative conversation between you and your
parents by using the template below.

You:__________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
___
Mother:_______________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
______ You:__________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
You:__________________
___
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
___
Father:_______________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
______
Mother:_______________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
______ You:__________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
Mother:_______________
___
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
______
ARGUMENTATIVE TEXTS
The argumentative essay is a genre of writing that requires the student to
investigate a topic; collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a position
on the topic in a concise manner.
The idea of an argument often illustrates
images of two people yelling or even fighting in anger.
In writing, however, an argument is rather different. An
argument is a reasoned opinion supported and
explained by a set of evidence. To argue in writing is
to advance knowledge and ideas in a positive way.
Written arguments often fail when they only employ
ranting instead of proper reasoning.
In reading argumentative texts, as well as writing your own argumentative
essay, it is important for you to take note of its structural and linguistic elements.

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF ARGUMENTATIVE TEXTS

The structure or format of the argumentative essay is usually held together by the
following:

a. A clear, concise, and defined thesis statement that occurs in the first
paragraph of the essay.

In the first paragraph of an argument essay, you should set the context by
reviewing the topic in a general way. Next you should explain why the topic is important
or why readers should care about the issue. Lastly, students should present the thesis
statement. It is essential since the thesis contains your stand or claim on the topic or
issue.

b. Body paragraphs that include your arguments and evidential support

Each paragraph should be limited to the discussion of one general idea. This
will allow for clarity and direction throughout the essay. In addition, such shortness
creates an ease of readability for the audience. It is important to note that each
paragraph in the body of the essay must have some logical connection to the thesis
statement in the opening paragraph.

c. Evidential support (whether factual, logical, statistical, or anecdotal).

The argumentative essay requires well-researched, accurate, detailed, and

current information to support the thesis statement and consider other points of view.
Some factual, logical, statistical, or anecdotal evidence should support the thesis. Also
take note that, a successful and well-rounded argumentative essay will also discuss
opinions not aligning with the thesis.
d. A conclusion that restates your position, and call people do some action

This is the part of the essay that usually leaves the most impact on your readers.
In this part, you do not introduce any new information but you will just synthesize the
information you presented in the body of the essay. Restate your position in the topic
or issue, review the main points, and review your thesis. Lastly, this part should
motivate your readers to take up some action about the issue being discussed.

Here is a sample outline and contents of a five-paragraph argumentative essay.

Table source: https://teamh7thpersuasion.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/1/9/13190786/6244024_orig.png

LINGUISTIC ELEMENTS OF ARGUMENTATIVE TEXTS

 Linguistic elements are certain grammatic units or items present in written or
spoken texts. It is important to be familiar with since they make the identity of a specific
piece. As in the case of argumentative essays, the following are the linguistic elements
we can usually find within the said text which also make it distinct from other types of
essays:

1. Connectives
Argumentative writing is intended to pose a claim and support for the claim
using persuasive arguments. This technique in writing becomes more effective when
connectives make the points flow smoothly. Connectives or transition signals connect
words or phrases together, which make a text easier to read.

Connectives, usually composed of conjunctions, serve as a marker cue within

a sentence, signaling the reader that another idea is coming. Coordinating
conjunctions link ideas by showing how they relate. For example, a word like "and"
indicates two ideas go together. Meanwhile, a subordinating conjunction indicates that
one idea depends on another. For instance, in this sentence the word "unless"
depends on the action that follows it: We will be late unless we leave now.

Connectives are also classified depending on their purpose or use in the

sentence. Here are some of the following:

Type of Connective Example As Used in a Sentence

• Before going home, make sure you

listed your assignments.
Time Connectives • During the evening, you can review
Before, After, First,
help to make clear the your work.
Second, Last,
time sequence of • Later, you will be glad you did.
Next, Then
events. • You will be able
to simultaneously eat dinner and
review your work.
Cause and effect
Connectives are • Since you are such a good student,
Since, Because,
used to help explain you could get into a good college.
For the reason, As
something clearly. • Therefore, you can get a job you like.
a result, Hence,
They show how one • As a result, you can further be a
Therefore, So
event causes or leads successful person.
to another.
• He is indeed scared of reptiles. On the
Comparison and On the other contrary, he liked animals that could
Contrast contrary, Similarly, fly, such as falcons and eagles.
connectives point out Meanwhile, • Likewise, he thought bats were the
alternatives or Likewise, But, most interesting mammals thanks to
differences. However their wings.
 • Specifically, the leader focuses on
Illustration or
For example, road works, public health case, and
Example
Specifically, In one disaster preparedness.
Connectives are
case, Specifically, • To demonstrate her love of dogs, she
words add emphasis
Moreover is planning a social media campaign
or introduce evidence.
for these domesticated animals.

• All the facts have been presented

Conclusion
and, as can be seen, the results are
Connectives are
Finally, In clear.
transitional phrases
conclusion, In • Given these points, it is clearly time
concluding,
summary, All in all, to consider some changes.
summarizing, or
Lastly • In the long run, these suggestions will
restating important
benefit the organization.
points in the text.

Activity 3: Finding Connectives

Directions: Read the text below. Find the different connectives used in the text to make
the transition of ideas smoother. Identify the type of connective afterwards. Write your
answers on your English notebook.

Climate change: man-made or natural?

Climate change is sometimes also known as ‘Global Warming’. It is such a
critical issue that world leaders have met to try and find a workable solution.
Unfortunately, no agreement was reached because everyone had a different point of
view. Some people think that nothing we do can change what is happening, that it is
completely natural. On the other hand, others argue strongly that the human impact
on the climate over the last hundred years, and the increasing levels of carbon dioxide
into the atmosphere, have had a devastating impact on our environment. Who is right?

First, it is important to understand that our climate has always been changing.
Even today, climate change is one of the possible explanations for the extinction of
the dinosaurs, millions of years ago. Likewise, the end of the ice age in prehistoric
times was also due to the warming of Earth’s climate. Both of these significant events
occurred well before any human intervention. Others in the scientific community
believe that the movement and reactions in the Sun influence our own climate more
than we previously realized. Solar flares leap out from the Sun and send great bursts
of heat and radiation towards the Earth, causing some changes to our atmosphere.
Volcanic eruptions too, over which people have absolutely no control, also send huge
amounts of gas and other pollutants into the atmosphere. These events also cause
changes in regional climates. Human beings are certainly not the only ones who
impact upon our environment.
 However, we cannot rule out the level of human involvement in climate change.
Every day, factories vomit out huge amounts of toxic gas and other pollutants into the
air we breathe. Coal fire power stations eject tons of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere. Moreover, governments know about this because they have started using
air monitoring stations to work out where the worst spots are so they can try to do
something to help.

At the same time, we are cutting down the very things that might help to save
our ailing atmosphere – our forests. Trees soak up carbon dioxide from the air. It is
what helps them grow. So, the more trees we cut down, the more cities and roads we
build over once forested areas, the more we are adding to climate change.

In conclusion, climate change is a difficult issue. There is no single cause and

there will be no single solution. But unless we do something, it is only going to get
worse. Man must work with nature and learn to cooperate with it.

Article Source: https://www.werribeeps.vic.edu.au/uploaded_files/media/additional_resources_1.pdf

Question:
1. What do you think is the author’s overall opinion on the topic? What makes you
think this?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

REMEMBER!
Conjunctions and other transitional signals unite elements of an argument
together. When the argument is unified and cohesive, readers are more likely to
believe what the writer is saying. Readers need a guide, and without this guide, they
might get lost in the argument. Readers struggling to follow a writer's thought
progression become frustrated and may even stop reading the paper. When a writer
takes the time to make the argument more readable, this generates goodwill in the
readers.

2. Modals Verbs and Adverbs

Modals are usually verbs which behave irregularly in the English language.
They are different from action verbs like ‘watch’, ‘play’, and ‘visit’. They give additional
information of the main verb that follows it. Oftentimes, they are used with other verbs
to express certainty, ability, obligation, or possibility.

The table below contains verbs and adverbs that you can use to express the
different degrees of certainty or modality of your opinions or argument. You will also
see examples of how to structure your sentence by using these modals in stating
claims or arguments.
 Certainty of Modal Verbs/Adverbs Statement of Claim
Conclusion

Strong is, will, can not, must, It is certain that...

undoubtedly, always, never, It seems clear that...
definitely, clearly X is definitely...

Moderate should, would, can, ought to, It appears probable...

tends to, usually, likely,
probably, regularly, majority,
generally, often, frequently,
rarely
It is usually the case
that... In the majority of
cases...
The results suggest it is
likely that...

Tentative May, might, could, possible, Conceivably,...

conceivable, sometimes, It is possible that...
occasionally, seldomly, Occasionally,...
perhaps, maybe, It may be the case that...
uncertainly, minority

*Adapted from: Jordon, R. R. (1990) Academic Writing Course. Edinburgh: Nelson Study Skills in English and
Learning Assistance Centre, University of Sydney (1992) Writing in an Academic Style.

Here are some examples of modality use in academic writing:

It seems likely that a species leaf Low modality - rather than 'it is the
structural characteristics influence case', the author is less certain, 'it
their seasonal water-tissue relations seems likely it is the case'.
because……

Technology assessment can be an More moderate expression of

effective tool to analyze the effect of a opinion than saying 'is'.
technology on social and
environmental issues, yet in practice it
can be used to formalize and
legitimize previously decided
outcomes.

Legal aid, by providing representation Modality lowered through the use of

and individual legal advice has the 'has the potential to' rather than
potential to mitigate some of the merely 'it mitigates’.
entrenched inequality as regards to
access to justice.
 The large-scale treatment plant is the
most desirable option to provide for
the processing and treatment of
wastewater for a 20,000 person
population.
The opinion expressed in this
sentence is strong, however, it is
more moderate than saying '…is
the only appropriate option…’

REMEMBER!
It is a must that your opinion in an argumentative text must be based on the
evidence you have collected. Therefore, the level of modality used to express your
opinion should match the level of certainty provided by your evidence. It might be
appropriate to make a high modality claim because your evidence, from different
sources, strongly backs up your opinion. As such, adjust the certainty or modality you
use to present your argument according to the quality and amount of evidence
supporting it.

Activity 4: Model Modals

Directions: State a short opinion (1-3 sentences) on the topics/issues given below. In
writing your statements, use a modal. Copy the table and rite your answers on your
English notebook.

Example:
Topic/ Issue Your Opinion (1-3 sentences)

All citizens should vote the best candidates for the

Election
country because it is everyone’s right.

Topic/ Issue Your Opinion (1-3 sentences)

1. Overpopulation

2. War on Drugs

3. Divorce

4. Climate Change

5. Death Penalty
3. Declarative Statements
Usually, when we speak of our opinions, we use an “I” statement at the
beginning of the sentence. This will allow the reader or listener to know that the
statement from our own belief. In academic writing, however, removing that “I”
statement and just directly stating the claim can be an effective approach. (NOTE:
This, of course, is not imperative and such rule may be broken from time to time,
depending on its appropriacy.)
Look at the example showing how declarative statements without the word ‘I’
strengthens the overall appeal of the sentence:
With ‘I’ statement:
I believe the use of school uniform creates a sense of identity and unity among
the students.
Declarative Statement:
The use of school uniform creates a sense of identity and unity among the
students.
Removing the I statement suggests authority, formality, and neutrality on the
part of the writer. Thus, even though you are stating your own opinion, it will be more
believable to your readers.

4. Passive Voice

Generally, we tend to write sentences wherein the subject does an action to the
object. Such sentence is in the active voice, where the doer of the action is given more
importance than its receiver.
In writing argumentative texts, however, it is important to highlight certain
sentences by using passive voice. The passive voice is used when we want to
emphasize the action (the verb) and the object of a sentence (receiver of the action)
rather than subject (doer of the action). This means that the subject is either less
important than the action itself or that we do not know who or what the subject is.

Look at the example below:

The typhoon caused the economic crisis.

vs.
The economic crisis was caused by the typhoon.

The decision about which sentence to use is governed by whether we want to

focus on 'the typhoon and what it did, or on 'the economic crisis' and what caused it.
This choice in focus is achieved with the use of either the active or the passive voice.

If you want your readers to focus on the 'doer' of an action, you can make the
'doer' the subject of the sentence and use the active form of the verb. On the other
hand, if you want readers to focus on the thing or person affected by the action or the
action itself, you can make the effect or the action the subject of the sentence and use
the passive form of the verb.

Activity 5: Construct the Passive Version

Directions: Convert the following active voice sentences into passive voice. Write your
answers on a separate piece of paper.

1. Max sold that old car to Bill.

2. The generals are planning the attack as we speak.
3. Congress is discussing the bill increasing the budget for next year.
4. He invited Donna to the party.
5. Certain groups of people experience discrimination just because of their race,
color, or gender.

5. Rhetorical Questions
Any question which is posed in a text and without the expectation of an answer
is called a “rhetorical question.” Obviously, readers will not be able to answer the
question to you in person, but they might answer the question to themselves. This is
the purpose of a rhetorical question – just to make a point, and make the reader reflect
on that point. The root of this linguistic element is from the word “rhetoric” which is the
art of making arguments.
Dropping a rhetorical question into a persuasive argument is often a powerful
form of persuasion. You present several facts and build up to a conclusion, drawing
the conclusion out of the reader.
For example, if you were trying to persuade the reader to support universal
health care, you might ask “What kind of a country doesn’t ensure its citizens have
access to health care?” For a reader to disagree with you, they would have to do some
mental gymnastics in order to identify the underlying assumptions of the question–that
universal health care is the only way to ensure all citizens have access to health care,
or that if you disagree with the premise, you support an inferior version of the country.
Other Examples:

• “If other countries can do it, why can’t we?”

- This rhetorical question, usually asked in the conclusion, makes the
readers reflect as to how come certain countries can do something
while our own country cannot. This question becomes an effective
tool in persuading the readers that something can be done on a
certain issue.

• “Do you want to be successful in this world?”

- This rhetorical question is an effective tool in getting the attention of
the readers, as they will be curious as to how can the writer help them
become successful.
Activity 6: Pick the Rhetoric

Directions: Choose the most appropriate rhetorical question when writing an essay
for the topics/issued given below. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Wondering at technological advances

a. Man has landed on the moon – incredible
b. We thought that man would land on the moon
c. It is incredible that man has landed on the moon
d. Who would have thought that man would land on the moon

2. Discouraging smoking
a. Stop smoking
b. Do not smoke please
c. You must stop smoking please
d. How many times must I tell you to stop smoking

3. Challenges in life
a. Be strong
b. I hate struggles in life
c. Why do we experience these challenges
d. Life is a constant trial that we should get used to

4. Environment
a. We are wasting earth's resources
b. Earth's resources are being wasted
c. When will we stop wasting earth's resources
d. Everyday people around the world waste earth's resources

5. Crime Rate
a. What drives a man to commit a crime
b. Desperate times call for desperate measures, am I right
c. The authorities should implement zero tolerance to lessen crime
d. Crime is never the solution, one should think twice before doing such

WHY ARE THESE ELEMENTS IMPORTANT?

Both structural and linguistic elements are important because it separates
argumentative text from other types of writing such as expository text or descriptive
text. By being familiar with the structure or format of an argumentative text, you can
easily outline your own opinion article. On the other hand, by mastering the different
linguistic elements discussed in this module, you can easily write that outline into
sentences and paragraphs, and in turn, clearly deliver them to your readers.
 What’s More

Activity 7: Highlighting What is Important

Directions: Identify the different key structural elements in the argumentative text
below about climate change. Rewrite the text on a separate sheet of paper and
highlight the key elements by using the specified color or style.

Thesis statement: Encircle the whole thesis statement

Arguments: Underline the writer’s arguments in paragraphs 3, 4, and 5
Evidentiary Support: Use the color red to highlight the different evidentiary support
used in paragraphs 3, 4, and 5
Restatement: Use the color blue to highlight the restatement of the writer’s position
in the last paragraph.

Climate change: man-made or natural?

Climate change is sometimes also known as ‘Global Warming’. It is such a
critical issue that world leaders have met to try and find a workable solution.
Unfortunately, no agreement was reached because everyone had a different point of
view. Some people think that nothing we do can change what is happening, that it is
completely natural. On the other hand, others argue strongly that the human impact
on the climate over the last hundred years, and the increasing levels of carbon dioxide
into the atmosphere, have had a devastating impact on our environment. Who is right?

First, it is important to understand that our climate has always been changing.
Even today, climate change is one of the possible explanations for the extinction of
the dinosaurs, millions of years ago. Likewise, the end of the ice age in prehistoric
times was also due to the warming of Earth’s climate. Both of these significant events
occurred well before any human intervention. Others in the scientific community
believe that the movement and reactions in the Sun influence our own climate more
than we previously realized. Solar flares leap out from the Sun and send great bursts
of heat and radiation towards the Earth, causing some changes to our atmosphere.
Volcanic eruptions too, over which people have absolutely no control, also send huge
amounts of gas and other pollutants into the atmosphere. These events also cause
changes in regional climates. Human beings are certainly not the only ones who
impact upon our environment.

However, we cannot rule out the level of human involvement in climate change.
Every day, factories vomit out huge amounts of toxic gas and other pollutants into the
air we breathe. Coal fire power stations eject tons of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere. Moreover, governments know about this because they have started using
air monitoring stations to work out where the worst spots are so they can try to do
something to help.

At the same time, we are cutting down the very things that might help to save
our ailing atmosphere – our forests. Trees soak up carbon dioxide from the air. It is
what helps them grow. So, the more trees we cut down, the more cities and roads we
build over once forested areas, the more we are adding to climate change.

In conclusion, climate change is a difficult issue. There is no single cause and

there will be no single solution. But unless we do something, it is only going to get
worse. Man must work with nature and learn to cooperate with it.

Article Source: https://www.werribeeps.vic.edu.au/uploaded_files/media/additional_resources_1.pdf

Activity 8: Redefine the Key Elements

Directions: Without looking at your notes, define the different key elements listed below
using your own words. Further discuss their functions and importance. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Argumentative texts
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. Connectives
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3. Modals
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

4. Passive Voice
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

5. Declarative Sentences
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
 What I Have Learned

Activity 9: Reflection
Directions: You can show what you have learned in this module by completing the
sentences below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Before you started learning After you finished the lesson

During the discussion and
this module, what were your and the tasks given, what is
activities, how did you feel?
goals and the plan of action? your evaluation?

Questions Answers Questions Answers Questions Answers

1.What 1. How 1. How well did I
knowledge I should I do the assigned
have in the proceed? tasks?
past will help
me with this
task?
2. Why is it 2. What 2. What have I
important for information is gained from this
me to know important to doing all the
this lesson? remember? tasks?

3. How much 3. What do I 3. What tasks

time do I need to do if I could I have
have to do not done differently?
accomplish understand
the task? some of the
lessons or
tasks?
 What I Can Do

Activity 10: Organizing an Argument

Directions: Using your notes as a guide, create an outline framing your arguments and
reasons on a topic/issue that is personal to you. Take note of the structural and
linguistic elements discussed in this module. Copy the worksheet below on a separate
sheet of paper. Each box should be answered with 1-3 sentences.

TOPIC/ISSUE: (any topic or issue which is personal to you)

Introduction

Position statement/thesis

Supporting details/reasons/examples

Counterargument

Addressing the counterargument (rebuttal)

 Restatement of the Position (conclusion)

Congratulations for making to final part of this module! As a final note, You have
to realize that it takes time to master the different structural and linguistic features of
an argumentative text. You must be familiar with how the elements interact with one
another, as well as how they were utilized by the author. With that, it will be both easier
to comprehend argumentative texts, and to write one on your own.

Good luck in further enhancing your communication skills!

 Assessment

Directions: Read each item carefully and decide whether that statement is true or not.
On a separate piece of paper, write T if the statement is TRUE, and write F if the
statement is FALSE. If false, rewrite the statement to make it true.

_______1. The connective ‘to demonstrate’ is used to show an example or illustration.

_______2. Conjunctions serve as a cue within a sentence, signaling the reader that
another idea is coming.
_______3. Rhetorical questions are used with other verbs to express ability,
obligation, possibility.
_______4. The words ‘definitely’ and ‘clearly’ are examples of words signifying
strong certainty of conclusion.
_______5. Passive voice is more direct than active voice.
_______6. In passive voice, the receiver of the action is given more emphasis.
_______7. A thesis statement is a single declarative sentence that states what you
want your readers to know, believe, or understand.
_______8. When the writer or author uses rhetorical question in an argumentative
text, he/she expects an answer from the readers.
_______9. Linguistic elements of an argumentative text refer to the format or
structure of the paragraphs used by the writer.
_______10. An argumentative essay is usually structured to be five paragraphs.
 Additional Activity

Activity 11: More Outline

Directions: Pick a topic from the list below and create an argumentative text outline
about it. Consider the structural and linguistic elements in writing your ideas and
statements. Copy the worksheet below on a separate sheet of paper. Each box should
be answered with 1-3 sentences.
TOPICS YOU MAY CHOOSE:
a. Climate Change
b. Health Issues in the Country
c. Using Social Media
d. Bullying

Introduction

Position statement/thesis

Supporting details/reasons/examples

Counterargument

Addressing the counterargument (rebuttal)

Restatement of the Position (conclusion)
 Answer Key

Connective
9. In conclusion – Conclusion
Connective
8. So – Cause and Effect
Connective 10. A
10. T 7. At the same time – Example 9. B
Connective 8. C
9. F
6. Moreover – Example 7. D
8. F
7. T A 5. 5. However – Contrast Connective 6. C
C 4. 4. Like – Comparison Connective 5. A
6. T
C 3. 3. First – Time Connective 4. C
5. F
4. T D 2. Connective 3. D
D 1. 2. On the other hand – Contrast 2. B
3. F
Connective 1. D
2. T Rhetoric
1. T 1. Unfortunately – Contrast
Pick the Know
Assessment Activity 6: Activity 3: Finding Connectives What I

References

Learning, KOCI & Lumen. “English Composition I: Rhetorical Methods–Based.”

Writing for Success: Argument | English Composition I: Rhetorical Methods–
Based. Accessed November 30, 2020.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-englishcomp1v2/chapter/writing-for-
success-argument/.

MelanieT. “What Is a Bridge Statement in English Homework?” The Classroom |

Empowering Students in Their College Journey, January 10, 2019.
https://www.theclassroom.com/bridge-statement-english-homework-4942.html.

“Modals Verbs and Adverbs.” Academic Writing: Expressing Opinion: Modal verbs
and adverbs. Accessed November 30, 2020.
https://unilearning.uow.edu.au/academic/4aiii_2.html.

Purdue Writing Lab. “Argumentative Essays // Purdue Writing Lab.” Purdue Writing
Lab. Accessed November 30, 2020.
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/essay_writing/arg
umentative_essays.html.
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