Q1 Week 2 Lesson 1.2

ORAL COMMUNICATION
Table of Contents
Lesson 1 Functions, Nature and Process of Communication
Lesson 2 Communication Models
Lesson 3 Strategies to Avoid Communication Breakdown
Lesson 4 Oral Communication Strategies
Lesson 5 Types of Speech Context
Lesson 6 Types of Speeches and Speech Style
Lesson 7 Types of Speech Act
Lesson 8 Types of Communicative Strategy
Lesson 9 Understanding Speech Context, Speech Style,
Speech Act and Communicative Strategy
Lesson 10 Principles of Effective Speech Writing and
Delivery
Lesson 1: Functions, Nature
and Process of
Communication
At the end of the lesson,
learners are expected to:
1. explain the nature and process of
communication;
2. understand the relationship of the
functions of communication to everyday
life; and
3. illustrate the process of
communication.
Diagnostic
Get a piece of paper and write what you think of the
word COMMUNICATION. You may write a single word or a
phrase. When you are done, share it to the class and discuss
briefly what you have written in your paper.
COMMUNICATION
Introduction
Man is said to be the highest form of God’s creation. He
is remarkably different from other creation as he possesses
an exceptional intellect and communication ability. He is
capable of communicating what he wants, feels, perceives,
and desires through some intellectual processes.
Introduction
In this modern world, we need to communicate so we
can fulfill certain functions like:
 informing
 motivating
 persuading
 instructing
 controlling
 coordinating
Definitions of Communication
Communication is derived from two Latin words communis which
means “commonness” and communicare which means “to share”.
It is the imparting or exchanging of information or news. It can be
define also as the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking,
writing, or using some other mediums. (Oxforddictionary.com)
Communication is a process by which information is exchanged
between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs or
behavior. (Merriamwebster.com)
Communication is the process of giving information or making
emotions known to someone. (Macmillan Dictionary)
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
We are in a very busy world where we cannot resist but
communicate. We always engage in communication either face-
to-face, using a telephone/cellphone, electronic mail or social
media. In whatever means we use in communicating with our
loved ones, friends, colleague and superiors we certainly have a
purpose in doing so. We communicate to:
 to control someone to do something
 to socialize with peers
 to motivate a classmate
 to inform a friend about your plans
 to express how we feel
 to convey our thoughts, information or ideas
 to ask for advice on handling an enthusiastic admirer
 to survive in this world and place
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
We have five (5) functions of communication
which are the following:
1. Regulation/Control
2. Social interaction
3. Motivation
4. Information
5. Emotional expression
(5) FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Regulation/Control- refers to giving orders or directions,
making requests or attempting influence the actions of others
and accepting or refusing directions. When regulatory is
utilized, the person wants to control the behavior of the other
people or make them do what he wants them to do.
Regulatory language may include giving orders in a more
indirect way of controlling and manipulating others.
a. Giving Orders and Instructions
examples:
 Be silent!
 Listen to me attentively!
 Could you please make some juice?
 Would you wait here until the dentist is ready for you?
 Do you think you could do this memos for me?
 I’d like you to sort out these proposals for me.
b. Asking for Clarification
examples:
 I didn’t understand what you said about the party.
 I’m sorry, could you please repeat what you said about your
favorite movie.
 What does communicating mean?
 Could you expand a little bit on what you said about the American
Culture?
 So you’re telling me that I can’t go to your office?
c. Asking someone to avoid or to stop doing something
examples:
 Please, don’t do it.
 Will you stop doing dancing?
 Stop it, please?
d. Making Suggestions
examples:
 Why don’t you go to the museum?
 We could go to the school?
 How about going to her birthday party?
e. Giving Commands
examples:
 Stay here!
 Don’t sleep on the mat!
 I’d be grateful if you didn’t tell this matter to anyone.
f. Give warnings
examples:
 Don’t’ push so hard on that box, or you might / will suffer
from back pain!
 Watch out! Be careful!
 Don’t you ever do that again!
2. Social Interaction- it is also called as shared attention with
others, the individual is communicating not only to meet his own
desires and needs but also to socially interact with our family
members and to others. Through this, we learn social behaviors
such as respecting, greeting, sharing and refusing politely. It
allows people to stay in touch with relatives and friends and
creates relationships with people. With the use of social media,
cellphones or internet building relationships becomes easier
and faster.
2. Social Interaction
a. Greetings
examples:
 Please to meet you.
 What have you been up to?
 It’s been ages since we last met.
b. Introducing Yourself and Others
examples:
 Please to meet you, I’m Sophia Padilla
 Kathryn, please meet Daniel.
 Jennie, have you met Lisa?
c. Inviting/ Declining Invitations
examples:
 Do you want to go to concert tonight?
 Would you want to go to the mall on Friday evening?
 Would you be interested in going to the wedding party next
Sunday?
This evening is no good. I have an appointment

That’s very kind of you, but I’m doing something else later.
I’m really sorry, but I’ve got something else on.
d. Expressing Hopes or Wishes
examples:
 I wish my friend were here.
 I hope you have a Happy Valentine.
 I would like to have a new laptop.
3. Motivation- it is a process stimulating people to actions to
accomplish the desired goals. An individual who is highly motivated
can bring about positive outcomes such as the achievement of the
individual’s or group’s goal, increase productivity, excellent
performance, good grades, impressive research or even success in
any task at hand.
Examples:
 Keep up the good work
 That’s a real improvement/ You’ve really imporved.
 You’ve almost got it.
 Give it a try.
 Never give up. Stay strong!
 Follow you dreams.
4. Information- is the fundamental requirement of being able to
adapt and adjust oneself to the environment. Being informed
helps one to understand what is going on in his/her country and
in the global community. Having enough information is to help
one or an organization to arrive at a sound decision and task
the right course of action.
Examples:
 Teacher discusses a short story, asks questions to measure the
comprehension of students and gives additional information to help
them answer the questions.
 A sales representative of a first class condominium provides right
information about the down payment to a customer.
5. Emotional Expression- Human emotions are evidently
personal because they show what we feel inside whether we
want it to be noticed by the people around us or not.
Communication within a group of people is an important
mechanism b which all members show their feelings of
satisfaction and dismay. It serves as an avenue for expression
of emotions and attainment of social needs. When we express,
we communicate our emotions.
Examples:
 That’s wonderful, good job!
 It really gets on my nerves.
 My goodness! I found it very surprising.
Nature of Communication
Communication is a two-way process of connecting to both
living and nonliving things. It is also a means of sharing and
exchanging messages, information, ideas, and feelings for
mutual understanding (Gregoriom, J.C., 2015).
Communication connects people and the world they live in. It

is through communication that people are able to express their
thoughts and ideas or convey information and messages
through word of mouth, gestures and signals, signs, and
others. People have always communicated with one another in
various forms.
Communication is a message understood. Unless a message is
understood, we cannot say that communication has taken place. Let us
send a message to someone and say, “where came first” . The person who
gets this message would wonder what it means, for the arrangement of the
words does not make any sense. The message is sent but the receiver
does not understand it. Therefore, for communication to take place, we
have to consider two conditions. First, there should be a clear message.
Second, the message must be understood by the receiver for whom it is
meant.
Nature of Communication?
Communication is social interaction through messages.
Thus, we may say that “communication is a sharing of
experience. ” In our society, we all interact with messages.
Without interactions, a society cannot survive. Social
interaction is always through messages.
The Process of Communication
As human beings, we need to function socially as
individuals by communicating. It is through
communication that we share to others our aspirations,
perceptions, dreams, hopes and visions. Through
communication, we remain connected and unified, thus,
making this world a haven of peace.
In the workplace and in school, we need to interact with everyone to
get our job done easily and quickly, to accomplish our project
properly, to do our research work collaboratively, to establish
harmonious relationship, to show how much we support someone
and to convey our point of view on certain things. Indeed,
possessing the ability to communicate effectively is vital to become
at par with the other peoples of the world.
To fully understand communication, we must know what really
takes place when we engage in communication. Since
communication is a process of exchanging messages either verbal
or non-verbal, it means that we have to be cognizant of the steps
that have to be taken to achieve the desired result or goal.
Therefore, understanding the communication process thoroughly
will enable us to become effective communicators.
The process of communication process demonstrates all the factors that
affect the communication. The main components are as follows:
1. Context 5. Receiver
2. Sender 6. Feedback
3. Message 7. Noise
4. Channel a. Semantic Noise
b. Syntactic Noise
c. Environmental Noise
d. Organizational Noise
e. Psychological Noise
f. Physiological Noise
g. Cultural Noise
1. Context- This is also known as situation, setting or environment .
Any communication activity is affected by the context in which it
occurs. It consists of different aspects. One aspect is country,
culture and organization. Every country, culture or organization has
its own unique way of communicating information.
1. Context- In order to communicate a message successfully one
must plan and design on the playing field of Context. Two
aspects of context are: internal stimuli and external stimuli.
a. Internal Stimuli- are what influences on how an encoder
translates ideas into a proper message. It includes our likes,
dislikes, feelings, attitudes, emotions, points of view, experiences,
education and confidence.
1. Context- In order to communicate a message successfully one
must plan and design on the playing field of Context. Two
aspects of context are: internal stimuli and external stimuli.
a. External Stimuli- is that which prompts an encoder to send a
message either in oral or in written form. It includes letters, memos,
telephone calls, meetings, emails and notes.
2. Sender- This is also known as speaker, source of or encoder.
Sender is the person who sends the message. In oral
communication we called it the speaker while in written
communication we called it writer. The sender may be an individual
or a group of people. As the sender, he employs a combination of
symbols may be verbal or nonverbal as well as graphs, pictures and
other visuals to convey his message in order to achieve the desired
response.
3. Message- This is the key element that is transmitted in
communication. Whether it is oral or written, the first thing to do is
to decide what we want to communicate and the context of
message. Message comprises our thoughts, ideas, knowledge,
attitudes, skills, feelings, emotions, experiences, opinions, values,
beliefs, aspirations, desires, and dreams.
4. Channel- this is also called medium. It is the pathway though
which the message travels in order to reach its destination. We may
sound our message through print, electronic or sound. In addition
there are two major channels used in communication-the light
waves and sound waves. The major sense organs that we use in
receiving these light waves and sound waves are the ears and eyes
although the other senses are also used in receiving messages.
5. Receiver- This is also called decoder or listener. In oral
communication, the receiver is the listener, and in written medium
the reader is the receiver. Receiver is the person who receives and
interprets the message. It is very important that the sender’s
message is clear so that the message will be interpreted according
to its intended meaning so that it will not be misinterpret by the
receiver.
6. Feedback- This is the return process of communication which
completes the loop of communication. It’s the main component of
communication process because it tells the sender as to the
effectiveness of his message. It also informs the speaker whether
the message is received successfully or not and whether the
message is understood or not. Feedback may be verbal (oral or
written_ or nonverbal (thumbs up, applause) It can be also be
negative(thumbs down) or positive(smile). Non-response is also a
feedback.
7. Noise- It is also called interference. Noise refers to anything that
hinders the transmission or reception of the message. It can be
internal noise or external noise.
Internal Noise- refers to anything that we think of during the time
we are engaged in communication like thinking about the
unfinished task we left alone at home.
 External Noise- refers to the noise that comes from outside such
as screaming of children at play or noise of vehicles in motion,
etc.
7. Noise- There are many barriers that hinder the transmission and
reception of the message and they may occur at any stage of the
process of communication such as:
a. Semantic Noise
b. Syntactic Noise
c. Environmental Noise
d. Organizational Noise
e. Psychological Noise
f. Physiological Noise
g. Cultural Noise
7. Noise
a. Semantic Noise- is a communication barrier created from confusion over the
meaning of words. This barrier may either be denotative, connotative or
technical language barrier.
 Denotative barrier- the sender and the receiver disagree about

the definition or meaning of a word or phrase. For example the
word “biweekly” which means twice a week or every other week.
Connotative barrier- means that a word has different meaning in a
specific context. For example, someone might describe a stage
play as “simple”. Both sender and receiver agree on the straight
definition of the word, but the sender of the message might mean
the stage play was a little slow and boring, while the receiver
might interpret it as cool and easy.
Technical language- refers to linguistic barriers to
communication, for example the difficulties in communication
experienced by people or groups originally speaking different
languages, or even dialects in some case.
7. Noise
b. Syntactic Noise- from the word syntax(grammar). It refers to
grammatically wrong sentence in the receiver unable to accomplish the
proper meaning.
Example:
using difficult language during computer programming
the expression call-out that means “to summon into action” while
call-off means “to cancel”.
7. Noise
c. Environmental Noise- It refers to the type of barrier that
physically disrupts communication.
Examle:
 Loud sound music at the party
 sounds from a construction site
 blowing of horns from vehicles outside
 banging of door
 screaming of children
7. Noise
d. Organizational Noise- refers to poorly structured or planned
message.
Example:
 a driver who is given unclear, badly worded directions
may be unable to figure out how to reach his destination
 a house helper who is given vague instructions on how to
cook pork adobo may not be able to prepare an appetizing
and delicious food.
7. Noise
e. Psychological Noise- refers to certain attitudes that can make
communication difficult. It is created from the communicator’s psychological
factors, for example, values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. This type
of noise interrupts our minds to concentrate on listening. People don’t like to
listen or talk about those topics that make them down or not interesting.
Example:
significant anger, happiness or sadness may cause someone to lose focus
in communicating
 a student who had just been scolded by his father may not be in his best
when he called by his teacher to answer a question.
 Kim is a Muslim girl, and she does not like to listen to any criticism of Islam.
Therefore, she became distracted when her lecturer was talking about anti-
Islam issues.
7. Noise
f. Physiological-Impairment Noise- refers to the physical condition that can
hinder effective communication and interfere with the reception of the
message. In this case, communication wll be a failure.
Examples:
 Ela is having headaches; therefore, she can not concentrate in class.
 deafness and blindness are physical weakness or physiological noise that barriers
to listening
 talking too fast or slow and the high or low temperature in the room also
generate physiological noise.
7. Noise
g. Cultural Noise- refers to a communication barrier created from the wrong
explanation of another person’s behaviors. It is also created from the nonverbal
communication of people from different cultural backgrounds. Differences I culture may
interfere with cross-cultural understanding. Each culture has its own rules about proper
behavior which affect verbal and nonverbal communication. The basic kinds of nonverbal
communication cues are posture, gesture, eye contact, space, touch, and dress-up.
Examples:
 The yell, shout and talk with each other in a loud manner can be misinterpreted by the
other cultures as a fighting.
 for some countries such as Koreans and Japanese, sipping soup or eating noodles is
done with a slurping sound which may not be proper in a table manner of other culture,
especially in our country.
 when making stereotypical such as unintentionally offending non-Christian person by
wishing them a “Happy Easter”
“Communication is a SKILL that you can
LEARN. It is like riding a bicycle or typing.
If you’re WILLING to work at it, you can
rapidly IMPROVE the quality of every
PART of your life” –Brian Tracey
THE END!

Q1 Week 2 Lesson 1.2

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ORAL COMMUNICATION

This evening is no good. I have an appointment

Communication connects people and the world they live in. It

 Denotative barrier- the sender and the receiver disagree about

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