Integumentary System

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layer of fat beneath the dermis also known as the subcutaneous
hypodermis
layer
epidermis The outermost layer of skin designed to provide protection
dermis Layer of skin found beneath the epidermis
cutaneous membrane covers and protects body; aka skin
located just below the skin, connects the skin to the surface
subcutaneous layer
muscles; aka hypodermis
Hair, Exocrine Glands, and Nails are all known as these types of
accessory structures
structures.
acid mantle layer of lipids and sweat secretions that help kill bacteria
stratified squamous epithelium the type of tissue that the epidermis is made of
dense connective tissue the type of tissue that the majority of the dermis is made of
adipose tissue the type of tissue that the hypodermis is made of
avascular the epidermis is considered to be this, as it is without blood vessels
Epidermal cells that produce keratin which makes the cells more
durable.
keratinocyte
Epidermal cells that produce keratin which makes the cells more
durable.
A fibrous protein that is the principal component of hair, skin, and
keratin
nails
melanocyte cells that produce melanin
stratum corneum the most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells
Clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum
stratum lucidum corneum
absent in thin skin
stratum granulosum layer of the epidermis that has granules of keratohyalin
Protein found in the stratum granulosum which helps form
keratohyalin
stronger keratin
Layer of the epidermis where the cells develop tiny spines that
stratum spinosum
assist in binding all cells tightly together
the deepest layer of the epidermis consisting of stem cells capable
Stratum Basale
of undergoing cell division to form new cells
Shedding of epithelial elements; chiefly of the skin in scales or
desquamation
sheets
Process by which newly formed cells in the stratum basale mature,
keratinization
fill with keratin, move upward, lose their nucleus, and die.
Skin type on the palms and soles is characterized by the absence
thick skin
of hair follicles and presence of stratum lucidum
Type of skin that lacks a stratum lucidum, has hair, and is found
thin skin
covering most of the body
the superficial area of the dermis composed of areolar connective
papillary region tissue, dermal papillae, Meissner corpuscles of touch, and free
nerve endings
the deeper part of the dermis consisting of dense irregular con-
reticular region
nective tissue that interlaces in a net-like formation
a fingerlike projection of the dermis that may contain blood capil-
dermal papillae
laries or Meissner corpuscles (of touch)
6 months before a child is born they develop fine downy hair all
lanugo hair
over its body, this disappears one month before birth
terminal hair

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long, coarse pigmented hair that replaces lanugo hairs on the
scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows.
Short, fine, un-pigmented hair that covers the majority of the body
vellus hairs
around the time of birth to replace the lanugo.
hair shaft the portion of the hair that projects beyond the skin
hair root The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis.
Lowest part of a hair strand; the thickened, club-shaped structure
hair bulb
that forms the lower part of the hair root.
medulla central axis layer of the hair, 2 or 3 layers of soft keratin
layer of the hair that forms the bulk of the hair, contains hard
cortex
keratin.
single layer of cells that forms the surface of the hair, edges of it
cuticle
overlap like shingles.
the dense dermis surrounding the hair follicle (specifically sur-
dermal root sheath
rounds the epithelial root sheath)
portion of the epithelial root sheath that has all strata found in thin
external epithelial root sheath
skin
portion of the epithelial root sheath in which number of cells in
internal epithelial root sheath each strata decreases until at the hair bulb only the stratum basale
is present
stage at which hair is formed by matrix cells that differentiate,
growth stage
become keratinized, and die
stage at which hair growth stops; the hair follicle shortens and
resting stage
holds the hair in place.
a smooth muscle attached to hair follicles that causes "goose
arrector pili
bumps" to appear on the skin when contracted
secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass
sebaceous gland
through the dermis
sebum oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands
sudoriferous gland sweat glands
Sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skin's
eccrine gland surface through pores; function is to regulate body temperature
(aka merocrine)
Sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skin's
merocrine gland surface through pores; function is to regulate body temperature
(aka eccrine)
Sweat glands in the gential and underarm areas that secrete
apocrine gland sweat, that produce odor when come in contact with bacteria on
the skin; open into hair follicles
modified eccrine glands located in the ear that secrete cerumen
ceruminous glands
(earwax)
cerumen ear wax
Specialized apocrine glands in mammals that produce milk to
mammary gland
nourish the young
accessory structure of the skin that contains hard keratin, grows
nail continuously, and aids in the manipulation and grasping of small
objects.
nail root the portion of a nail that is buried in a fold of skin
nail body visible part of the nail
nail fold folds of normal skin that surround the nail
nail groove separates nail fold form nail body
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eponychium cuticle
The slightly thickened layer of skin that lies beneath the free edge
hyponychium
of the nail is the
the part of the nail beneath the body and root from which the nail
nail matrix
is produced
nail bed the portion of the living skin on which the nail body sits
lunula whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail
melanin A pigment that gives the skin its color
melanosome Carry the pigment granules that contain Melanin
congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial or total
albinism
lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes
Hemoglobin Oxygen-carrying pigment in blood, which gives skin its pinkness
erythema Unusual redness of the skin caused by capillary dilation
pallor An extreme or unnatural paleness
cyanosis Bluish discoloration of the skin
A symptom of illness marked by yellow-orange discoloration of the
jaundice skin and whites of the eyes resulting from excess bilirubin in the
blood.
carotene pigment found in fruits and veggies that give a yellow-orange tint
exteroceptor receptors located at or near the external surface of the body
simplest and most common receptors; ends of neuron dendrites
free nerve ending
that respond to pain and temperature
cold receptors receptors that respond to cold only; 12-35*C
warm receptors receptors that are stimulated between temps of 25*C and 47*C
receptors that are stimulated when extremely cold or extremely
pain receptors
warm temperatures are present.
upper dermis/lower epidermis, light touch; superficial light pres-
merkel disk
sure
receptors that sense texture and are involved with 2 point discrim-
Meissner's corpuscles
ination; found throughout the dermal papillae
located in the dermis, primarily in the fingers; involved in continu-
ruffini end organs
ous touch or pressure and stretch; may help grip an object
sensory nerve endings around each hair bulb; simulated by bend-
hair follicle receptors
ing a hair
receptors located deep in dermis or subcutaneous layer; resemble
pacinian receptors
an onion. responsible for deep cutaneous pressure and vibrations.
A disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrol-
cancer
lably, damaging the parts of the body around them.
malignant Very harmful; threatening death; cancerous (of a tumor)
benign Harmless; favorable; kindle, gentle, or beneficial; not cancerous
metastasize the process by which cancer spreads from one place to another
skin cancer most common type of cancer
most common type of skin cancer; arises from cells in stratum
basal cell carcinoma
basale.
second most common type of skin cancer; arises from cells in the
squamous cell carcinoma
stratum spinosum.
least common type of skin cancer; most deadly; arise from
melanoma
melanocytes

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ABCDE Rule rule used to detect melanoma by routine examination of the skin
injury to a tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, elec-
burn
tricity, or radiation
partial-thickness burn part of skin is damaged by burn
full-thickness burn all skin is damaged by burn
superficial burn; no blisters, superficial damage to the epidermis;
first-degree burn
reddening of the skin
partial thickness burn; blisters, damage to the epidermis and
second-degree burn
dermis
full thickness burn; damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcu-
third-degree burn taneous layers, and possibly also the muscle below; blackening of
the tissue
what type of burn?

first-degree burn

what type of burn?

second-degree burn

What type of burn?

third-degree burn

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