ANH VĂN CHUYÊN NGÀNH

A. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR:

1. One of the purpose of the..............is to allow each drive wheel to turn at a different speed.

A. transmission hộp số B. brakes C. drive train hệ thống truyền D. differential vi sai

lực
2. A part that moves inside a cylinder to press mixture of air and fuel is called ..............
thanh truyền
A. connecting rod B. piston pin C. piston D. intake valve
3. A thing that protects a driver from wind and dust is called .................
kính chắn gió cần gạt nước
A. windshield B. window C. windshield wiper D. cigar lighter
độ lệch
4. All have the property that the deflection of the spring is known ............ the spring rate.

A. as B. than C. so D. such
5. The primary purpose of the ........ system is to isolate the car body from the vertical motion of the wheel as
they travel over the rough road surface.
treo đánh lửa
A. steering B. transmission C. suspension D. ignition
giảm chấn
6. Similar to the ..........., the shock absorbers also produce a force that acts to support the weight of the car.

A. gears B. springs C. rings D. rods

7. All the following provide different gear ratios EXCEPT ...............

A. manual transmission B. automatic transaxle C. manual transaxle D. clutch Ly hợp

giảm tốc
8. The braking force that decelerates the car results from ........... between the disk and the pads. má phanh/bạc
đĩa phanh lót
A. corrosion B. friction ma sát C. wear D. erosion

9. Did you buy a new .......... set for these pistons yesterday?
xéc măng gối đỡ/ bạc đạn bi
A. piston ring B. gear C. ball bearing D. stud
bạc lót chốt/ bu lông có đầu
10. They have to use ........... to connect piston and connecting rod.

A. piston pin chốt piston B. piston ring C. bearing D. piston pin locking ring

11. An electric part that supplies high voltage for spark plugs is called ...............

A. ignition coil bôbin B. alternator máy phát điện C. air compressor D. headlight
máy nén khí
12. A part that is used to supply oil to every part of an engine is called ...............

A. fuel pump B. oil pump C. water pump D. air compressor

13. A ......... is for braking car in a parking lot or emergency case.

bánh lái/ vô lăng đầu rô-tuyn sườn xe
A. handbrake B. steering wheel C. tie rod end D. car frame
bị hỏng
14. The ............ of this car is out of order. I can’t start the engine.

A. clutch pedal B. brake pedal C. electric starter D. steering wheel

15. A part that helps two drive wheels to move with different speeds is called ................
khớp nối chữ thập/ khớp các đăng lò xo xoắn ốc
A. differential vi sai B. universal joint C. spark plug D. spiral spring
16. The drive shaft is used on front-engine, rear wheel drive vehicles to couple the transmission output shaft to
the ..................... input shaft. trục thứ cấp
trục sơ cấp
A. clutch B. suspension C. wheel D. differential
17. At the moment of explosion, the temperature within the cylinder is extremely high. Cylinders are therefore
provided with ............, through which water is rapidly circulated.
tuần hoàn một cách liên tục
A. guards B. coats C. jackets áo nước D. sumps

18. From the clutch the power flows through the ............ in one of several speeds and is delivered into the
rear-axle drive gears.

A. flywheel B. springs C. transmission D. stabilizers

khớp nối
19. Flexible coupling, called universal joint, allows the rear axle housing and the wheels to move up and down
while the transmission remains ...............

A. stationary B. moving C. rotary D. reciprocating

20. In an electronic control system, the devices that provide information are ................

A. sensors B. outputs C. actuators D. control units

siết đai ốc
21. You have to use a ............. to tighten the stud nuts of cylinder head.
kìm có răng cần siết lực chìa khóa lục giác
A. pliers B. open end wrench C. torque wrench D. allen wrench

22. In the electronic ignition system, the primary circuit is opened and closed by ...............

A. a solenoid B. contact points C. a mechanism switch D. an electronic switch

 đĩa xích xích đai răng
23. The camshaft is driven by sprockets and chain or toothed belt or by .............
trục của bộ chia điện bánh răng bơm dầu bánh răng dẫn động dây cu-roa
A. the distributor shaft B. an oil-pump gear C. timing gears D. a timing belt
bugi xông máy cho động cơ diesel vào trời lạnh
24. The purpose of the glow plug is to ...........................................
A. control engine idle speed B. provide sparks to ignite the compressed air-fuel mixture
tăng nhiệt độ buồng đốt giúp khởi động dễ hơn vào mùa đông
C. warm the fuel D. add heat to the precombustion chamber

25. We have to use a/an ........................... to clean air for engine.

A. oil filter B. fuel filter C.air filter lọc khí D.windscreen

26. In a rear wheel drive vehicle, when the rear wheels move up and down .................................
đường truyền lực
A. The drive line changes length B. the angle of drive changes

C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

27. We have to use a/an ........................ to connect drive line. Because it can move at varied angles.
khớp trượt khớp các đăng chốt treo lò xo
A. slide joint B. ball joint C. universal joint D. spring hanger
quán tính
28. The primary purpose of the ................ is to provide inertia to keep the crankshaft rotating during the three
no-power-producing strokes of the piston.
A. flywheel bánh đà B. steering wheel C. piston D. cylinder

29. You have to clean the ................. if engine temperature is very high
tản nhiệt vỏ ly hợp
A. oil filter B. radiator C. crankcase D. clutch housing
sườn xe
30. A part that is used for reducing shock of types to the car frame is called ..................
giảm chấn
A. shock absorber B. lower control arm C. balancing rod D. idle arm
Chức năng lái hướng mong muốn
31. Steering functions by rotating the plane of the ................ wheels in the desired direction of the turn.

A. rear B. back C. front D. none is correct

xoay và đặt đúng thứ tự nổ
32. A ................ is used to make a camshaft turn and set it in firing order.
bánh răng trung gian bánh răng bộ ly hợp ổ trục cam
A. counter gear B. clutch gear C. timing belt D. camshaft bearing

33. Under the normal driving conditions, the brakes ..... in contact with the disk, and the disk is free to rotate.

A. can not B. do not C. are not D. can

rotary
 tiêu hao giảm tốc
34. Most of the ............ energy of the car is dissipated by the brakes during deceleration and stopping.
động học
A. electrical B. chemical C. kinetic D. lighting

35. A part of the engine that uses a cam to push the valves moving up and down is called .............
bệ xupap
A. timing belt B. camshaft C. crankshaft D. valve seat
chuyển đổi
36. An engine is a machine for converting energy into motion or ................ work.
thủy lực khí nén
A. chemical B. mechanical cơ khí C. hydraulic D. pneumatic

37. The two basic types of piston engines are the ........................

A. rotary and reciprocating B. pushrod and reciprocating

C. gasoline and spark-ignition D. spark-ignition and compression-ignition

38. The differences between the spark-ignition engine and the compressition-ignition are: ................

A. the type of fuel used B. the way the fuel gets into the cylinder

C. the way the fuel is ignited D. All of the above

39. Rudolf Diesel, a German engineer, ...................... the diesel engine.

A. did B. make C. invented phát minh D.discovered

40. All the following are true about diesel engines EXCEPT ...................

A. no throttle valve B. high compression ratio

bugi đánh lửa
C. spark plugs make starting easier D. speed and power controlled by quantity of fuel injected
Góc trùng điệp
41. Valve overlap is the number of degrees of crankshaft rotation during which .............

A. both intake and exhaust valves are closed B. both intake and exhaust valves are open
C. the valves are moving from fully closed to the timing point D. the valves float

42. An engine with the camshaft in the block operates the valve through .......................
con đội xu pap đũa đẩy cò mổ
A. valve lifters B. pushrods C. rocker arms D. All of above

43. The two fuel systems used with spark-ignition engines are .............

A. carbureted and diesel B. fuel injection and diesel

C. port and throttle body D. fuel injected and carbureted

kim phun và bộ chế hòa khí
 góc đánh lửa sớm
44. The device that provides spark advance by pushing the breaker cam ahead as engine speed increases is the
......................................
cơ chế đánh lửa sớm chân không
A. vacuum advance mechanism B. throttle body
cơ cấu đánh lửa sớm ly tâm
C. primary resistance D. centrifugal advance mechanism

45. The two locations for the fuel injectors are ................................
trong xylanh và trên đường ống nạp
A. in the cylinder and on the intake manifold B. in the throttle body and in the intake ports

C. on the two sides of the air horn còi hơi D. in the intake manifold and in the exhaust manifold

46. In electronic ignition systems, the ............ are replaced by an electronic switch.
bộ ngắt điện
A. differential B. breaker points C. distributor D. piston
vấu cam bố trí
47. A ........... having a number of lobes equal to the number of cylinders is mounted on the distributor shaft.
A. spark plug B. ring C. cam D. spring

48. Which of these statements about a closed container is correct?

A. temperature increases with increasing pressure

B. pressure increases with increasing temperature

C. both A and B

D. neither A nor B
thứ tự đánh lửa
49. The firing order is the ...................................

A. order in which the cylinders are numbered

B. sequence in which the cylinders deliver their power strokes

C. direction in which the crankshaft rotates

xích gắn dọc
D. sequence in which the connecting rods attach along the crankshaft

50. The ignition system performs all the following jobs EXCEPT ................................
A. controls the compression pressure B. produces the spark that jumps the spark-plug gap

C. ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture D. delivers the spark at the proper time
 động cơ đốt trong
51. There are two basic types of internal combustion engines: ..................................
kiểu piston
A. piston and reciprocating B. reciprocating and rotary

C. reciprocating and pushrod D. rotary and spark-ignition

52. A piston stroke is a piston movement from ........................

A. BDC to TDC B. TDC to BDC C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

động cơ 4 kì
53. The correct order in which the four piston strokes occur in the engine is ................................

A. intake, compression, power, exhaust B. intake, power, compression, exhaust

C. compression, power, intake, exhaust D. exhaust, compression, intake, power

54. Most devices on the car are powered by ............................

A. the engine B. electricity C. electronics D. vacuum

buồng đốt
55. The cylinder head forms the upper end of the combustion chamber. The lower end is formed by the ...........

A. piston B. compression ring C. spark plug D. valve

56. The volume that the piston displaces as it moves from BDC to TDC is the .....................

A. compression stroke B. compression rate

C. volumetric efficiency D. piston displacement

57. The three basic cylinder arrangements for automotive engines are .....................

A. flat, radial, V B. in a row, in-line, opposed

C. in-line, V, opposed D. V, double line, opposed

58. In the diesel or compression-ignition engine, the fuel mixes air .............. it enters the engine cylinders.
A. before B. after C. during D. by

59. The only ................ engine now used in automobiles is the Wankel engine.

A. rotary B. sterling C. piston D. hybrid

60. Automobile engines are normally started by means of an electric motor or ............... that is geared to the
crankshaft with a clutch that automatically disengages the motor after the engine has started.
tách ly hợp
A. generator B. shock absorber C. supercharger D. starter
bơm cao áp
61. The piston engine produces power by the ............................
áp suất nổ đẩy piston
A. rotation of the crankshaft B. combustion pressure pushing on pistons

C. valve action D. up and down movement of pistons

để chuyển đổi chuyển động qua lại thành chuyển động quay
62. To change reciprocating motion to rotary, the engine has .............................

A. a crankshaft and a camshaft B. pistons and connecting rods

C. camshafts and connecting rods D. connecting rods and a crankshaft

63. In all engines some means of igniting the fuel in the cylinder is provided, and ................. the heat of
combustion, all engines are equipped with some type of cooling system.

A. although B. where C. since D. because of

64. As the piston moves up the cylinder, the air-fuel mixture is compressed and the ..............................
A. temperature increases B. pressure increases

C. air-fuel mixture gets hot D. All of above

65. During combustion of gasoline in the engine ...................

A. hydrogen unites with oxygen to form water

B. oxygen unites with carbon to form carbon dioxide

C. some carbon unites with oxygen to form carbon monoxide

D. All of above

66. During the ............. stroke, the high pressure created by the burning mixture forces the piston downward.
A. intake B. compression C. power D. exhaust
xec măng vòng chặn
67. The two kinds of piston rings are ..........................

A. pressure and sealing B. oil-scraper and blowby

C. snap and sealing D. compression and oil control

68. They use a .............. to connect a piston to a crankshaft of an engine.

A. connecting rod B. machine key C. pulley D. fuel injector

69. A part that makes friction to the brake disk to stop wheel moving is called ...................
bố phanh
A. piston seal B. brake pad C. returning spring D. hub

70. A part that clears water on the windscreen is called ..............

cần gạt nước không thấm nước
A. water filter B. air filter C. windsceen wiper D. waterproof
dầu phanh
71. A part that contains brake fluid and pushes fluid to move through brake line is called .....................
phanh đĩa buồng chứa nhiên liệu
A. wheel brake cylinder B. master cylinder C. caliper D. reservoir

72. A part that is used to pull brake shoes back when the brake pedal is released is called ........... spring.
màng bơm cánh van trượt
A. diaphragm B. returning C. coil D. leaf

73. A part that gets mixed air for engine is called ................

A. air cleaner B. exhaust valve C. intake valve D. air filter

74. A part that covers over the valves on a cylinder head is called ................
ống lót xupap nắp xupap
A. valve spring B. valve sleeve C. cylinder gasket D. valve cover

75. In a transmission, a ........... holds two gears moving at the same speed.
bộ đồng tốc cần sang số trục chính trục trung gian
A. synchronizing drum B. gearshift lever C. main shaft D. counter shaft
nằm
76. Clutch disk lies between a pressure plate and a ...................
lò xo giảm xoắn lốp vỏ
A. torsional reducing spring B. flywheel C. cover D. housing
quay liên tục
77. Every engine must have a ............ to keep the engine crankshaft moving at a constant revolution.

A. release ball bearing B. clutch C. flywheel D. pulley

78. They use a ............. to push water through an engine and to cool engine.
A. vacuum pump B. fan C. water jacket D. water pump

79. Brake pedal is low. You should adjust the .......... of master cylinder.
bu-lông trợ lực phanh mức dầu phanh
A. adjustable bolt B. brake booster C. adjustable pushrod D. brake fluid level

80. They often use a/an ............ to mix air and gasoline together.
bộ chế hòa khí
A. air filter B. spark plug C. air compressor D. carburetor
 khớp nối moay-ơ
81. A nut that is used to install a wheel on a hub is called .....................
đai ốc bánh xe
A. cape nut B. wheel nut C. wing nut D. locked nut

82. A part that is used for transmitting torque from the differential to the driving wheel is called ............
A. axle B. Y yoke C. drive line D. hub
định vị
83. A part that is used for fixing brake shoes and wheel brake cylinder is called ..................
đĩa phanh trống phanh bố phanh
A. back plate B. brake drum C. brake pad D. spring

84. We can use ............. to set firing order instead of timing belt.
bánh răng mặt đầu bánh răng nhỏ-chủ động bánh răng lùi bánh răng điều phối
A. ring gear B. pinion gear C. reverse gear D. timing gears

85. An electronic component that picks up the signals for ECU is called ...................

A. sensor B. micro controller C. actuator D. transistor

86. How is a gasoline engine different from a diesel engine?

A. a gas engine releases more pollutants B. a gas engine uses spark plugs for ignition

C. a gas engine needs more time to warm up D. a gas engine has a smaller fuel injection pump

87. Which of the following is NOT a feature of a diesel engine?

bền hơn
A. air and fuel mix before entering the chamber B. it is more durable than a gasoline engine

C. i doesn’t burn as clean a gasoline engine D. gasoline cannot be used in it

két nước
88. Which of the following does NOT cool a radiator?
ống dẫn
A. fan B. water pump C. heater hose D. coolant recovery system
trục các đăng phiên bản cải tiến dùng bi để điều chỉnh góc
89. Where does damage to a CV joint usually start?
mòn khớp nối đồng tốc nứt
A. a worn down hinge B. a cracked CV boot
C. a loose couping khớp nối lỏng D. a snapped transaxle housing
gãy vỏ hộp số và cầu
90. What is probably true of a car with a damaged CV boot?

A. it needs a new U-joint B. it has front-wheel drive

C. it cannot transmit rotary motion D. its CV joint has completely failed

B. TRUE or FALSE:

1 One complete cycle in the 4-stroke SI engine requires two complete rotations of the crankshaft.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
True T
...............................................................................................................................................
2 Clutch must engage or disengage the tranaxle / transmission without clutch pedal operation.hoạt động
 ...............................................................................................................................................
Clutch must engage the tranaxle/ transmission without clutch pedal operation F
...............................................................................................................................................
vi sai chuyển động quay
3 The differential operates so that the rotation of the left and the right drive wheels are the same
when the vehicle corners. giống nhau
F
 ...............................................................................................................................................
thông..............................................................................................................................................
thường
4 In a conventional ignition system, contact points are used to turns the coil primary current on
and off cuộn sơ cấp
T
 ...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
tách rời
5 In the two complete revolutions of the crankshaft that make up one cycle, there are four separate
strokes of the piston from the top of the cylinder to the bottom or from the bottom to the top.
 ............................................................................................................................................... T
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
Trục cắc đăng, trục dẫn động
6 In the FR or 4WD vehicle, the propeller shaft transmits the power from the
transaxle/ transmission to the differential. T
 ...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
7 The diesel engine controls the output by changing the fuel injection pressure.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
8 The sprung weight includes the weight of drive axles, axle shafts, wheels, and tires.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
9 In a car, when the clutch pedal is pushed down, the power is tranmitted through the clutch to the
drive wheels.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
10 The suspension system allows the vehicle to travel over rough surfaces with a minimum of
up and down wheel movement.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
11 Manual steering uses a hydraulic pump or electric motor to assist the driver’s effort.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
12 In compression stroke, the piston moves from the TDC to the BDC, both the intake valve
and the exhaust valve are closed.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
13 Transmission is used to engage/disengage the power from the engine.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
14 Transmission is used to increase/decrease the engine torque with gears and transmit appropriate
torque to the drive wheels
 ...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
15 The brake system helps the driver change the direction of the car
 ...............................................................................................................................................
16 The power steering system makes turning easier
 ...............................................................................................................................................
17 The suspension system allows the vehicle to travel over rough surfaces with a minimum of
up and down body movement.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
18 Air enters the cylinder through the valves
 ...............................................................................................................................................
19 The crankshaft connects to the sparkplug
 ...............................................................................................................................................
20 Power steering removes gears from a steering system
 ...............................................................................................................................................
21 If an ignition switch is bad, a car’s lights won’t work
 ...............................................................................................................................................
22 A malfunctioning alternator could lead to a dead battery
 ...............................................................................................................................................
23 This model of car does not use a carburetor
 ...............................................................................................................................................
24 A poorly lubricated suspension will experience friction
 ...............................................................................................................................................
25 The tie rods connect to the control arms and pinion, the tie rods turn the spindles
 ...............................................................................................................................................
26 All transmissions lose fluid over time
 ...............................................................................................................................................
27 Grinding sounds indicate problems in automatic transmissions
 ...............................................................................................................................................
28 Most rear and front-wheel drive cars have transmissions in different areas.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
29 Fuel is compressed by the piston
 ...............................................................................................................................................
30 MacPherson strut systems have leaf springs
 ...............................................................................................................................................
31 A petrol engine is lighter than a diesel engine of the same size.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
32 A petrol engine runs further on a litre of fuel than a diesel engine of the same size.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
33 Petrol burns more easily than diesel oil.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
34 It is more expensive to manufacture a petrol engine than a diesel engine.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
35 A petrol engine produces more power than a diesel engine of the same size.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
36 Heavier engines produce more power than lighter engines.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
37 Diesel engines have longer cylinder pressures than petrol engines.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
38 The components of diesel engines have to be heavier and stronger than petrol engines.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
39 Diesel engine pistons are also higher than petrol engine pistons.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
40 Compression ratio of petrol engines is higher than diesel engines.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
41 Petrol oil is lower than diesel oil at room temperatures.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
42 The fuel economy of diesel engines is greater than petrol engines.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
43 Diesel engine’s the top of the cylinder needs to be bigger than petrol engine.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
44 The maximum torque and power output of a diesel engine are higher than for a petrol engine.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
45 Diesel engines is quieter than petrol engines. But it is smelly than.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
 C. FILLING WORDS:
đồng hồ tốc độ
tachometer
1. The (1) ............ is usually driven by a cable that spin inside a flexible tube. The cable is connected on
tachometer
one side to the (2) ............, and on the other side to the speedometer gear inside the transmission.
fuel gauge
After you fill up the tank, the (3) ............ will stay on full for a long time, then slowly drop while
driving.
temperature temperature
If the (4) ............ gauge moves all the way to hot, or if the (5) ............ warning light comes on, the
engine is overheating.
tachometer
The (6) ............ measures how fast the engine is turning in RPM (Revolution Per Minute). You should
never race your engine so fast thatspeedometer
the (7) ............ moves into the red zone as this can cause engine damage.

The (8) ............ gauge or warning lamp measures the (9) ............ in pounds per square inch. (10)
............ is just as important to an engine as blood pressure is to a person.
oil pressure

*tachometer *oil pressure *fuse *fuel gauge

*speedometer *temperature *link
potentially
2. A leading car manufacturer is recalling 70,000 ............
models (1) in the UK to check for a ............ (2) life-
threatening fault
............ (3). The ............
brake (4) pedal on the top-selling small MPV can ............
fail (5) suddenly.
delivered
The problem ............
affects (6) all UK cars sold since the launch in July 2000 except those ............ (7) in
recent weeks. A small clip – if incorrectly fitted
............ (8) can allow the ............
pedal (9) to detach from the rest of the
system (10). If this happens on the move, the ............ (11) is reduced to using thehandbrake
braking ............ driver ............ (12) and
gears to bring the car to a ............ (13).
halt
experienced injuries
The car manufacturer says a small number of owners have ............ (14) the problem but no ............ (15)
have been reported.
The car manufacturer says it has written to every owner ............
asking (16) them to take the car to their
............
dealer (17).
charge
needed
Any work ............ (18) will be carried out free of ............ (19).
owners dangerous
Since only 85% of ............ (20) respond to ............
recall (21) notices, 10,000 potentially ............ (22) models
could still be left on UK roads.
*affects *fail *charge *system *dealer
*needed *experienced *fault *fitted *injures
*recall *handbrake *dangerous *driver *drivers
*clutch * delivered *gearbox * asking *brake
*models *halt *potentially * pedal *owners
 3. Check that the battery terminals are clean and (1) ............
jack protected with a layer of grease. Check that
the battery clamps are firmly (2)connected
............ . If you don’t make regular long journeys, (3) ............
charge your batter
overnight.
If a tyre looks damaged, (4) ............
ask a tyre dealer for advice. If the spare tyre looks flat, (5) ............
check the
pressure. If the fuel tank warning signal comes on, (6) ............
refill the tank with fuel at once. If the engine
overheat while you are driving, (7) ............
stop at once and check the radiator fan belt. Water or dirt inside the
distributor cap can cause problems. If the engine runs unevenly, (8) ............
remove any water or oil from inside the
distributor cap. The headlights don’t shine brightly, (9) protected
............ the alternator. Ask your garage to check the
HT (high-tension leads). If they look worn, (10) ............
replace them.

*ask *check *charge *connected *protected

*refill *remove *replace *stop *jack 1
*recall *battery *lower *alternator *distributor

4. The (1) ............

battery stores electricity. When you turn the (2) ignition ............,
key electricity flows from the battery to

the (3) stater

............
motor . This turns the (4) ............
engine . The engine drives the (5) alternator ............ . This acts as a generator and
produce electricity. It also charges the battery. The alternator produces alternating current (AC). A (6)
............
rectifier pack change AC to DC (direct current). (7) Diodes ............ in the rectifier pack make sure that output from the
alternator flows in on direction to the battery. But current can’t flow from the battery to the alternator.
Electrical current runs through the (8) ............ cables of the car’s electrical circuit. The current leaves the battery
through the (9) ............ . It returns to the battery through the (10) negative
positive terminal
............terminal
.
*positive terminal 9 *negative terminal 10 *starter motor 3
*alternator 5 *battery 1 *cables 8 *engine 4 *ignition key2
*diodes 7 *rectifier pack 6 *distributor *ignition coil

5. The principle of the internal (1) combustion

............ engine has not changed in the last 100 years. The engine takes
(2) ............
fuel and air which is compressed in a combustion chamber. Then this mixture is ignited by a (3)
............
spark plug to a produce an explosion, which moves the (4) ............
piston in the cylinder. The up and down motion of
the piston in the cylinder is converted into rotational motion by the (5)crankshaft
............ . The rotational force
generated by the engine is known as (6) ............
torque .
half shaft : bán trục
The size of the engine determines the powers. The more (7) cylinders
............ there are, the more powerful the
trục các đăng
engine. This power is transmitted through the (8) clutch, the gearbox, the propeller shaft (in rear-wheel and
biến đổi
four-wheel drive), and the axles to the (9) ............
wheels . The position of the engine can vary, but generally
speaking it is mounted at front. In some sports cars, the engine is mounted at the rear (eg, Porsche) or in the
middle (eg, Ferrari or Lamborghini) because of weight (10) distributor
............ .

*clutch *combustion 1 *crankshaft 5 *cylinders 7 *wheels

*fuel 2 *spark plug 3 *piston 4 *torque 6 *distributor
*piston ring *chamber *connecting rod *gear *piston pin
6. The four-stroke (1) ............
engine works by heating fuel and air in a (2) ............
cylinder . During the first stroke,
the (3) ............
intake valve lets fuel and air into the cylinder. Then the (4) ............
valve closes during the (5) ............
compession
stroke. A piston moves (6) ............
up to condense the air and fuel. Then the mixture (7) ............ignites during the (8)
............
power stroke. The final stroke (9) ............
release gas. This is the (10) ............
exhaust stroke.

*compression *exhaust *ignites *intake *releases

*cylinder *power *up *engine *valve

7. Car Genius carries many different (1) products

............ to maintain electrical systems. A (2) ............
vehicle chart is
available to help customers select (3) ............
distributors.
feeler gauges
Products are also (4) available
............ for cars with distributorless ignition (5) ............
system . (6) ............ measure the
right distance to gap (7) spark
............
plugs. For fuse (8) replacement
............, a picture gallery guides (9) customer
............ to the correct type.
Car Genius also offers (10) resources
........... to check batteries (11) charges
............ and identify (12) terminal
............ .

*distributors *customers *systems *charges

*spark plugs *products *terminals *available
*feeler gauges *replacement *resources *vehicle

window switch
8. Pull the (1)door
............
handleto open the car door. Push the (2) ............, let’s get some fresh air.

A (3) ............
tire is made of rubber. (4) ............
Loosen the wheel nuts before you jack up the car.

(5) ............
Block the tires so the car won’t roll. A (6) ............
Valve controls the flow of air into an engine.

The (7) ............

sump holds the engine’s supply of oil. The spark plug fires in the (8) ............
cylinder .

The (9) ............

piston moves up and down in a cycle. The connecting rod powers the (10) ............
crankshaft .

*door handle 1 *window switch 2 *loosen 4 *block5

*tire3 *piston 9 *cylinder 8 *sump 7
*crankshaft 10 *valve 6 *fuel tank *flywheel
9. An HGV is a (heavy goods) ............(1) . It is used to transport goods.
A petrol engine is a self-running (2) ............ . It propels a car or small van.
The transmission is a/an (3) ............ . It transfers power from the crankshaft to the wheels.
A sensor is a/an (4) ............ . It detects changes in the car’s operating or running systems.
A speedometer is a/an (5) ............ . It display’s a vehicle’s speed.
A jack is a/an (6) ............ . It raises the end or side of a car for a wheel change.
The owner’s manual is a/an (7) ............ . It explains how to operate the controls.
The alternator is a/an (8) ............ . It generates electricity to charge the battery.
SATNAV is a navigation (9) ............ . It transmits and receives information via satellite.
An autobody technician is a/an (10) ............ . He repairs damaged bodywork.

*device *generator *handbook *instrument

*machine *person *system2 *tool *vehicle 1

10. The oil pump creates (1) oil ............

pressure . A (2)grease
............
gunis used to pump grease.
The (3) ............
oil filter screens out dirt. Grease is used to (4) lubricate
............ engine parts.
Lubrication systems (5) ............
reduce damage caused by heat. Parts rubbing together cause (6) ............
heat

*lubricate 4 *oil pressure 1 *reduce 5 *oil filter 3 *grease gun 2 *heat 6

11. The (1) ............. is connected to the rack and spindle. High pressure fluid is moved by the (2) ............. .
The rack is turned by the (3) ............................ . Every turn starts by moving the (4) ............................ .
The (5) ......................................... is a combination of several parts, including wheels, rods, and gears.

*power steering pump *pinion *tie rod 1 *steering system *steering wheel

tạp chất
12. The function of a/an (1) fuel
............
filter is to remove impurities from fuel. A/an (2) ............ air filter is used to remove
dirt from air that mixes with fuel. The (3)cold ..........................
air collection boxcontains the air filter. The (4) ...........................
fuel system
uses a pump to deliver fuel to the engine. With (5) gasoline ............................,
direct injection fuel is sent directly into the cylinder.

*fuel system *cold air collection box *fuel filter

*air filter *gasoline direct injection
13. The (1) ............ supplies (2) ............ to a (3) ............ . Movement from the steering column operates this
(4) ............ . When the steering is in a straight-ahead position, the (5) ............ is in the neutral position. (6)
............ then flows through the two (7) ............ to each side of the (8) ............ in the (9) ............ .
When the car is turning, the steering column moves the (10) ............ and closes one of the two (11)
............ in the control valve. (12) ............ flows out through the other (13) ............, passes to one side of the
(14) ....... ..... and pushes it along the (15) ......... .... .... .

14. Drum brakes consist of two (1) ............, which are fixed to a (2) ............, which is fixed to an (3)
............ . (4) ............ are riveted to the outer faces of each shoe. When the brake pedal is operated, this
increases the hydraulic pressure in the (5) ............ to the hydraulic cylinder and forces the two (6) ............
into contact with a rotating (7) ............, which is fixed to the wheel hub by the wheel nuts. When the wheel
rotates freely, the brake drum rotates with it, but the brake shoes do not move. The inner surface of the
drum is ground smooth, so that the shoe linings can rub against it. This can cause overheating, which
reduces friction, and can cause the drum brakes to fade and lose braking efficiency. Drum brakes are fitted
to the rear wheels of many vehicles.
Disk brakes consist of an exposed (8) ............ , which is bolted to the wheel hub and which rotates
between two (9) ............ . When the brake pedal is operated, this increases the hydraulic pressure in the (10)
............ and forces the two (11) ............ into contact with the rotating brake (12) ............ . An (13) ............
ensures that the two (14) ............ force the friction pads onto the rotating disk at the same time. Friction
between the pads and the disks slows the rotation of the disk. The surface of the disk is exposed to the air,
which cools the disk while the car is moving. Disk brakes are fitted to the front wheels of most vehicles, as
most of the braking power is required there.
*pistons *back-plate *axle tube *supply pipe *shoes
*disk *drum *drum brakes *disk brakes
*friction linings *friction pads *interconnecting pipe
*disk bolted to wheel hub *supply pipe from master cylinder
15. A (1) ……..…
valve controls the flow of air into an engine.
The (2) …....… holds the engine’s supply of oil.
sump
The spark plug fires in the (3) …….……
cylinder .
The (4) …..…….
piston moves up and down in a cycle.
The connecting rod powers the (5) ………..………
crankshaft .

*piston *cylinder *sump

*crankshaft *valve

16. A1: Plants are a main source for (1) ……….…………..…

biodiesel .
A2: (2) ……………………. was created because regular diesel had too many pollutants.
clean diesel

B1: When you start engines they (3) ….……………

heat up .
B2: Most cars today (4) ………………… gasoline.
run on

C1: All vehicles require some (5) ………………………

maintenance .
C2: A (6) ………………..
durable engine will last a long time.
D1: (7) ………..………
diesel engines do not use spark plugs.
D2: (8) …………..…… engines are the most common today.
gasoline

*diesel *clean diesel *biodiesel *gasoline

*heat up *durable *run on *maintenance

17. A1: The engine failed because too much air entered the cylinder during the (1) ……….………..…
intake stroke .
A2: The (2) ……………………….………. was loose so the mechanic replaced it.
head gasket

B1: The (3) ….……………………….……

4-stroke engine is the most common type of car engine .
B2: The damaged (4) ………………..……………
intake valve caused a fuel leak in the cylinder.
C1: The car did not start because the spark failed during the (5) …………………..…..…………
power stroke .
C2: Let’s add coolant to the (6) ……………………...…….. to reduce excess heat during ignition.
cylinder head

*intake valve *intake stroke *head gasket

*four-stroke engine *power stroke *cylinder head
 distributoriess ignition systems
18. (1) ……………….……… require less maintenance than those with distributors.
If an engine will not start, it might help to (2) ………………..
gap the spark plugs.
The problem was a (3) ……………….. fuse.
burned-out
If the battery does not have a (4) ………………..,
charge the ignition will not work.
If you (5) ……………….. a fuse, some electric devices won’t work.
blow
Identify the positive and (6) ……………….. . Return this glass tube and get a (7) ………………..
blade fuse .
negative terminals
*charge *gap *negative terminals *blade fuse
*blow *burned-out *distributoriess ignition systems

19. A1: Because of a bad starter, the engine won’t (1) ………………..
turn over .
A2: A dead battery has no (2) ……………….. .
charge

B1: Every car has a unique (3) ………………..

key .
B2: If the battery is dead, check the (4) ……………..
charging .
system

*turn over *charge *charging system *key

20. Attach these cables to your battery before the (1) ………………..
jump start .
When I turned the key, I heard a/an (2) …….………..
clicking sound.
Electric current is sent by the (3) ……….……..
starter relay . A bad (4) ………………..
alternator can lead to a dead battery.
When the engine doesn’t (5) ………………..,
turn over the car doesn’t start.
A/an (6) ………………..
ground is attached to a battery’s negative terminal and completes the circuit.
*alternator *turn over *jump start
*ground *starter relay *clicking
lower radiator hose
21. A1: The (1) ……….…………..… carries liquid out of the radiator.
A2: The (2) …………………….
upper radiator hose delivers liquid to the radiator.

B1: Heating liquid to extreme temperatures make it (3) ….……………

boil .
B2: Without antifreeze, liquids may (4) ………………… when it’s cold.
freeze

C1: A (5) ………………………

coolant is a liquid that helps keep the engine cool.
C2: A (6) ……………….. helps maintain an ideal temperature.
thermostat
water pump
D1: The (7) ………..……… catches liquid from the radiator.
D2: The (8) …………..…… circulates liquid through the cooling system.
coolant recovery system
*upper radiator hose *lower radiator hose *boil *freeze
*coolant *thermostat *water pump *coolant recovery system
22. A1: A power brakes system relies on a (1) ……….…………..…
hydraulic brake .
A2: A (2) ………………………. connects a master cylinder and a brake.
brake line
brake fluid
B1: Without (3) ….…………….…, a hydraulic brake would’t work.
B2: The (4) ……………………….
brake system should be inspected regularly.
C1: A/an (5) ………………………
ABS prevents cars from slipping while braking.
C2: A/an (6) ……………………… transmits power to brake pads with pressurized fluids.
brake booster

*brake booster *brake line *brake system

*brake fluid *hydraulic brake *anti-lock braking system (ABS)
hấp thụ
23. If there is a sudden change in weight in the car, the (1) ………………….……….
air spring helps absorb it.
leaf spring
The (2) ……………………….….……....’s metal strips bend and flex to absord road shock.
A/an (3) ………………………..……….
Macpherson strut has a coil spring and shock absorber attached to it.
There are two arms on a/an (4) ………………………...............
double-wishbone suspension

*Macpherson strut *air spring

*double-wishbone suspension *leaf spring

gear shift
24. Move the (1) …………….…………..…….. to the far left position to put the car in reverse.
This car has a manual transmission. Can you use a (2) ……………………………………
clutch ?
Cars with (3) …………………………
4-wheel drive can drive in snow and wet weather without losing traction.
front-wheel drive
A car with (4) ………………………………….. is powered from the front tires, not the rear tires.
The (5) ……………………………………
transmission system in an automatic car functions on its own.
(6) ……………………………………
Transmission fluid is a red, sweet smelling liquid.

*transmission system *clutch *gear shift

*four-wheel drive *front-wheel drive *transmission fluid
transmits CV joints
25. The engine (1) …………. energy to the rest of the car. (2) …….….… are usually found on front-wheel
drive cars. The car made a (3) ……….…….
clunk when it shifted gears. Cars with rear-wheel drive often have
(4) …………..…. . Doors turn on (5) ..………………
U joints hinges . All car joints are types of (6) ………..………
couplings .

*U joints *clunk *transmits

*couplings *CV joints *hinges
D. MATCHING :
1. 1) connecting rod a) creates tight seal
2) spark plug b) top part of engine
3) cylinder head c) holds large shaft in engine
4) piston ring d) transfers power from piston to crank shaft
5) engine block e) causes explosion
6) crankcase f) body of engine
1- d 2- e 3- b 4- a 5- f 6- c

2.

1) fuse a) a small wire or divice that breaks and stops the current if the flow of electricity
is too strong
2) hose b) a long tube made of rubber used for putting water onto fire, garden, etc
3) pipe c) a tube through which liquids or gases can flow
4) cog d) one of a series of teeth on the edge of a wheel that fit between the teeth on the
next wheel and cause it to move
5) spring e) a twisted piece of metal that can be pushed or pulled but always returns to its
original position afterwards
6) wrench f) a metal tool with a specially shaped end for holding and turning nuts or bolts
7) accelerate g) increasing the speed of something
8) compress h) press together, making sth. smaller
9) exhaust i) used air coming out of the engine
10) spin j) a component used to alter ignition timing according to engine load
11) vacuum advancer k) to mix of air and petrol for combustion in the cylinder of the engine
12) injection pulse l) the length of time that a fuel injector is open to spray fuel into the engine. This
Width time is controlled by a computer or by fuel pressure
13) firing order m) the order in which the cylinders are on the power stroke and when the spark
plugs should fire
14) dwell n) the length of time that the points are closed or that there is primary current flow
15) centrifugal o) that mechanism of the distributor assembly which causes ignition timing to
advancer advance according to increases in engine speed
16) breakerless p) ignition systems that do not use breaker points to allow and interrupt primary
ignitions current flow through the ignition coil
17) carburetor q) a metering device used to mix air and fuel in the proper ratios to accommodate
the engine’s needs under a variety of conditions
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- e 6- 7- 8-
9- i 10- 11- 12- 13- 14- 15- 16- p 17- q
 3. 1) automatic a) a thin block that is used to apply friction to a brake disc in order to
transmission slow a vehicle down
2) brake shoe b) the process of compressing the mixture of fuel and air
3) fuel pump c) to trap dirt and water
4) filter d) a type of transmission that is controlled by the car, not the driver
5) brake pad e) to mix of air and petrol for combustion in the cylinder of the engine
6) carburetor f) to push fuel along a pipe to the carburetor
7) compression g) a long, curved piece of metal that is forced against the brake drum to
stroke slow or stop a vehicle
1- d 2- g 3- f 4- c 5- a 6- e 7- b
4.

1) urban consumption a) a measure of the car’s wind resistance, or drag coefficient

2) Cd value b) the amount you spend on petrol, tax, maintenance, etc
3) running costs c) the volume of the boot
4) resale value d) how much fuel you need driving around town
5) braking distance e) brake system which uses a calliper and rotor, or disc, to stop or slow a vehicle
6) boot capacity f) how much you can expect to get if you sell the car after three years
7) front suspension g) the connection of the axles by springs and dampers to the car body which prevents
occupants from feeling road shocks
8) disc brakes h) the distance between putting your foot down on the brake and the car stopping
9) kerb weight i) how much the car weighs when there are no passengers in it and with half a tank of fuel
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9-

5. 1) price a) the amount of money you get when you sell your car
2) resale value b) how much petrol or diesel the car uses
3) size c) when customers always buy their cars from the same manufacturer
4) interior features d) the amount of money you pay when you buy a car
5) fuel consumption e) the car’s capacity to go fast and accelerate quickly
6) performance f) how big the car is
7) brand loyalty g) items inside the car
1-d 2- a 3- f 4- g 5- b 6- e 7- c
6.

1) four-stroke engine a) the process of compressing the mixture of fuel and air
2) intake stroke b) a force caused by pushing against something
3) pressure c) an opening where burnt gas is released
4) exhaust stroke d) to make something burn or catch fire
5) exhaust valve e) the process of releasing burnt gas, spent fuel
6) compression stroke f) the process works by heating a mixture of fuel and air in a cylinder
7) ignite g) the piston inside the cylinder moves down to make room for the mixture
1- f 2- g 3- b 4-e 5-c 6- a 7-d
 7.

1) fuel line a) a part that mixes fuel and air

2) carburetor b) a device that screens out dirt in the fuel
3) fuel tank c) a storage container for fuel
4) fuel filter d) a tube that delivers fuel to the engine
5) fuel injector e) a pump that delivers fuel to the combustion chamber of the engine
1- d 2- a 3- c 4- b 5- e

8. 1) viscosity a) a part that works with a grease gun

2) detergent b) the thickness of a fluid
3) sludge c) a slippery substance used to keep parts moving
4) oil d) a chemical used to clean things
5) Zerk e) a thick substance produced by burning oil
1- b 2- d 3-e 4- c 5- a

9.
1) fan a) the system that keeps the engine cool
2) pulley b) a rubber tube that connects to the heater core
3) radiator c) an electric device that blows air
4) antifreeze d) a device with a wheel and a grooved rim
5) heater hose e) the device used to cool liquid in a cooling system
6) cooling system f) a type of coolant used to prevent water from freezing
7) serpentine belt g) a rubber belt that winds through pulleys
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7-

10.

1) brake pedal a) a thin block used to apply friction to a disc

2) disc brake b) a lever drivers press to slow a car
3) drum brake c) a piece of metal forced against a brake drum
4) brake shoe d) a brake system using a brake booster
5) master cylinder e) a brake that uses pads and discs to stop a car
6) power brakes f) a brake that is separate from the main system
7) brake pad g) a brake that uses brake shoes to stop a car
8) parking brake h) a container for brake fluid
9) caliper i) a device that holds brake pads
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9-
11. 1) spindle a) a system that makes turning easier
2) rotate b) a gear that moves the tie rods
3) steering shaft c) to turn something in a circular motion
4) power steering d) a piece that connects the steering wheel to the pinion
5) rack e) a part that holds wheels in place
1- 2- 3- 4- 5-

12.
1) coil spring a) a bar that connects the suspension system
2) torsion bar b) a device that contracts and expands to absorb shock
3) ball joint c) a ball that connects to a cup shaped socket
4) stabilizer bar d) an auto frame with four arms and no struts
5) multilink suspension e) a bar that twists when the wheels turn
1- 2- 3- 4- 5-

13. 1) rear-wheel drive a) a system that powers a car from the back wheels
2) automatic transmission b) a transmission controlled by the driver

3) manual transmission c) a lever that allows drivers to change gears

4) drive train d) a transmission controlled by the car
5) clutch pedal e) the system that delivers power to the wheels
6) engage f) to use
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6-

14. 1) CV boot a) a point at which two things are joined

2) joint b) a circular turn
3) friction c) protective rubber sleeve
4) knocking d) the resistance created when two bodies rub together
5) rotary motion e) a short, hard and repetitive sound
6) transaxle f) a device that transfers energy from the transmission
1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6-
 E. TRANSLATING :
English
1) The rear-drive axle or rear axle is
often suspended from the body or frame
of the vehicle by leaf springs attached to
the axle housing.
2) The final drive is the gear set that
transmits torque received from the
transmission output shaft to the
differential. The gear set is made up of
a smaller driving gear or pinion gear and
a large driven gear or ring gear.
3) The ignition system uses the high
voltage that is generated by the ignition
coil to produce sparks, which ignite the
air-fuel mixture that has been
compressed.
4) The lubrication system supplies
engine oil to each engine part, creating a
film of engine oil, which reduces the
effects of friction and wear by allowing
engine parts to slide smoothly and
perform optimally.
5) When the drivers pushes down the
clutch pedal (clutch disengaged), the
pressure plate is forced away from the
flywheel.
6) In compression stroke, the piston
moves from the BDC to the TDC, both
the intake valve and the exhaust valve
are closed.
7) Transmission is used to
engage/disengage the power from the
engine
8) Transmission is used to
increase/decrease the engine torque with
gears and transmit appropriate torque to
the drive wheels.
9) The suspension system allows the
vehicle to travel over rough surfaces
with a minimum of up and down body
movement.
Vietnamese
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10) Clutch must engage/disengage the
transaxle/transmission with clutch pedal
operation.
11) Power steering uses a hydraulic
pumb or electric motor to assist the
driver’s effort.
12) The unsprung weight includes the
weight of drive axles, axle shafts,
wheels, and tires.
13) In a car, when the clutch pedal is
released, the power is transmitted
14) In the FR or 4WD vehicle, the
propeller shaft transmits the power
from the transaxle/transmission to the
differential.
15) The differential operates so that the
rotation of the left and the right drive
wheels are different when the vehicle
corners.
16) In theory, diesel engines and
gasoline engines are quite similar. They
are both internal combustion engines
designed to convert the chemical energy
available in fuel into mechanical energy.
17) This mechanical energy moves
pistons up and down inside cylinders.
The pistons are connected to a
crankshaft, and the up and down motion
of the pistons, known as linear motion,
creates the rotary motion needed to turn
the wheels of a car forward.
18) Many vehicles have an electronic
antilock brake system (ABS). It prevents
the wheels from locking during braking.
19) A locked wheel is not very effective
in stopping the vehicle. The tire skids
and loses much of its braking ability.
20) The antilock brake system
automatically reduces the pressure on
the fluid at each wheel that is about to
lock. This provides the most effective
braking.
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F. WORD FORM:

1. Many vehicle (1-have) .................

have an electronic antilock brake system (ABS). It prevents the
wheels from (2-lock) ....................
looking during braking. A (3-lock) ...............
looking wheel is not very effective in
stopping the vehicle. The tire skids and loses much of its braking ability. The antilock brake system
(4-automatical) automatically
.................... reduces the pressure on the fluid at each wheel that is about to lock. This
provides the most effective (5-brake) ....................
brake .

2. On most engines, an electronic engine control system EEC (1-control) ...............

controls the ignition and
fuel injection systems. In the EEC system, the electronic control module usually (2-have) ...............
has a
khả năng
self-diagnostic capability. This means memory stores information faults or malfunctions that have
occurred and perhaps (3-disappear) ....................
disappeared . A malfunction is an improper or incorrect operation.
When (4-recall) ......................
recalled from the memory, this stored information helps the technician diagnose
and (5-repair) ........................
repair the vehicle. chẩn đoán

3. A: I’m thinking of buying a Ransom because it’s (1-cheap) ....................

the cheapest car of these three.
the noisiest
B: Don’t! It’s (2-bad) ...............
the worst of the three cars! Its petrol engine is (3-noisy) ............... of the
three. It has the (4-little) the
...............
littlest space in the front and the rear. And it’s much (5-comfortable)
..............................
uncomfortable to drive than the other two.

A: But I drove a Ransom a few days ago, one with a petrol engine. Its performance is (6-good)
...............
better than the Winton’s
B: But it’s still not very fast and it’s (7-economical) ..............................
uneconomical than the Seden. Have a
look at the Seden. I think it’s (8-good) ...............
the best SuperMini on the market. It’s got the (9-much)
.................... space in the front and rear seats. The build quality is (10-high) ....................
more higher than the
other ones. And the owners in the survey say it’s (11-reliable) the ..........................
most reliable of the three.

A: I’ve never driven a Seden.

more comfortable
B: Then book a test drive! I think you’ll find the ride (12-comfortable) ......................... than in
the Ransom. And it’s not much (13-expensive) .........................
expensive .
G. “AUTOMOTIVE” VOCABULARY - PICTURE:
* Basic Components of Internal Combustion Engines:

K
A. ..................................................
A
L B. ..................................................

B
C. ..................................................
M D. ..................................................
C E. ..................................................
N
F. ..................................................
D O G. ..................................................
H. ..................................................
E
P I. ...................................................
F J. ...................................................

Q K. ..................................................
G
L. ..................................................
M. ..................................................
H
R N. ..................................................
O. ..................................................
P. ..................................................
Q. ..................................................
I
R. ..................................................
J
 2 1

5 4
 6

3 5

4
1. ............................................................
battery

2. ............................................................
ignition switch
starter
3. ............................................................

1. ............................................................
alternator
battery
2. ............................................................
3. ............................................................
charging light

4. ............................................................
ignition switch
1. ............................................................
2. ............................................................
3. ............................................................
4. ............................................................
5. ............................................................
6. ............................................................
7. ............................................................
Water Pumps
H. DIESEL & PETROL ENGINE :

Diesel engines use fuel as diesel oil, without spark plugs, engine generated by compressing the mixture
of fuel and air in the cylinder.
Gasoline engines use gasoline as a fuel, which is produced by igniting the mixture of air fuel in the
cylinder by sparking spark plugs.

♦ Advantages:
- Diesel engine performance is higher than gasoline engine (1.5 times).
- Diesel is cheaper than gasoline.
- Specific fuel consumption of Diesel engines is lower than gasoline engines.
- Diesel does not ignite at room temperature, so it is less dangerous.
- Because there is no carburetor and ignition, the diesel engine is less likely to be damaged.
- Diesel engine is better overloaded than gasoline engine.

♦ Disadvantages:
- At the same capacity, a diesel engine has a heavier weight than a gasoline engine.
- Diesel engine compression ratio is higher, so it requires the engine parts of the engine to be good,
resulting in more expensive production.
- The details of the fuel system in Diesel engine are very high accuracy (error of 1 / 100mm) such as
high pressure pump, injector, so the cost of manufacture and repair is higher.
- Repairing parts of the diesel engine fuel system must have specialized machines, expensive tools and
highly qualified workers.
- Diesel engine speed is lower than gasoline engine speed.
- Diesel engines are noisier and "smelly" than gasoline engines. (This has been overcome by many
advanced technologies.)
=> Diesel engines and petrol engines have their own advantages and disadvantages. However, the
manufacturer has applied these two types of engines to the vehicle to suit the purpose of each separate
vehicle. To feel and love a smooth smooth car like a gasoline engine or as powerful and economical as a
Diesel engine depends on the preferences and needs of each person. Through this article, hope everyone will
have more knowledge about these two types of engines and easier to choose for the purpose of their vehicles.

The end