CHAPTER 4

DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1. Discussions and Conclusions

In this study, the four-storeyed reinforced concrete building is composed of

intermediate moment resisting frame (IMRF) in seismic zone 2A. The typical height
of proposed building is 10 ft. The structure is 52 feet above the ground level. The
length of the building is 48 ft and width of that is 40 ft. The design concepts loading
considerations and load combinations are in accordance with American Concrete
Institute ACI 318-05. Analysis and design of superstructure are done by using
ETABS software. The substructure or foundation of proposed building is analyzed
and designed by using SAFE software. The foundation of proposed building is also
described by hand calculation.

In foundation design, mat foundation is selected for this project and the
bearing capacity of soil is 2 ksf. The pressure of soil is 1.41 ksf from hand
calculation. In this study, soil bearing capacity suggests that type of shallow
foundation is suitable for studied building. The type of foundation is selected depends
on the type and magnitudes of the loads to be supported and the properties of the soil.

When the optimum size of mat foundatio is determined, the thickness of mat
foundation is 20 in. After assuming the thickness, calculate punching shearing
checking. In punching shear ratio checking, punching shear force Vu is less than
concrete resisting punching shear ØVc . So, the assuming thickness of mat foundation
is suitable. Otherwise, the upward soil pressure each strip in mat foundation is
checked. The total upward soil pressure each strip in local axis are less than the total
design load of mat foundation. Thus, the mat foundation is stable. The optimum size
of mat foundation is designed by considering in load combination of 1, 2 and 3.
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Settlements are checked for the stability of the substructure or foundation. The
maximum settlement is 1.02 inch and the allowable settlement for mat foundation is 2
inches. So, the settlement checking is also satisfied. The length of mat foundation is
58ft and width is 48ft. The optimum thickness of mat foundation (20 inches) is
obtained from hand calculation. The rebar size and spacing of mat foundation of top
(18mm@ 9" c/c both ways (As=0.525 in2/ft) for both X and Y strips) and bottom
(25mm@ 5.5" c/c both ways (As=1.66 in2/ft) for both X and Y strips) are obtained
from SAFE software. 9” thick retaining walls are used and walls for superstructure are
4.5”. Rubble stone (9.39) suds, Cement - (1895.7) bags, Sand - (65.01) suds,
Aggregate -(61.03) suds, Brick -(83221.16) nos are used. Costs for constructing of
proposed building are ( 127,000,000 ) kyats. Steel, plastering, pointing and painting
are not estimated in this study.

4.2. Recommendations

From this study, the recommendation is described as follows for further study;

1. For a more reasonable knowledge, other types of foundation should be

considered.
2. Mat foundation with other moment resisting frame should be considered.