Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Merlyn H. Arcamo
2
The Beauty of Art
By Merlyn H. Arcamo
and
Page and Cover designed: Merlyn H. Arcamo & Pretty Abegail C. Pacilan
ISBN
First edition.
iii
Course Introduction
Series of activities are offered in this course while properly observing the diversity
of students, multiple intelligences, and gender sensitivity as special features of this
learning package. The use of software application and presentation is utilized to create
the output of learners as well as Google classroom for online submission of outputs.
This learning package is distinct from other books because it has the following
major parts:
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contents, module content (learning outcomes, pretest, content, learning activities, and
assessments), and the back contents.
With this learning package, it is hoped that adolescents will be able to better
understand themselves and others, maximize their abilities, and build a more
harmonious relationship
v
Republic of the Philippines
JRMSU-IMD-DIP-
COURSE SYLLABUS
vi
Jose Rizal Memorial State University adheres to the principle of dynamism and cultural diversity in building a just and humane
PHILOSOPHY
society.
Jose Rizal Memorial State University pledges itself to deliver effective and efficient services along instruction, research,
extension and production.
MISSION
It commits itself to provide quality professional, technical, technological training with the aim of producing skilled, self-renewed
and globally competitive individuals.
Jose Rizal Memorial State University focuses on developing graduates who are exemplars of Rizal’s ideals that can:
vii
QUALITY Jose Rizal Memorial State University, a believer of holistic human development, excellence and quality service, provides
POLICY quality training and development to students. It shall commit to provide adequate, suitable and relevant sources and services
STATEMENT with continuing quality management system for clients and customers’ satisfaction through an efficient and effective quality
system which conforms to national and international statutory and regulatory requirements.
viii
interpretation of Shape and
works and Volume
architecture.
The 7
Differentiate the principles of
kinds of arts from Arts and
the earliest time to Design
present. Art History
and
They will use Development
innovative
theoretical and Portraits
methodological
approaches to Landscapes
generate new
approaches to the Genre art
history of
representation Narrative Art
understood within
broader socio- Figurative
cultural and Abstract
perspectives. They Art
will demonstrate
skills necessary for What is the
effective Branches of
preparation of Humanities?
artwork for public
presentation, using
a variety of
materials and
techniques.
ix
Understand the
transition literary
pieces from
classical period of
time
Final
Inculcate in the Analyse how artist Consideratio Bernardo, Activity 1 Hand-outs Gallery visit Organize a
students present their n in Nicolas Caslib, Writing Poems Reflection forum about an
hearts’ and subject in relation Appreciating Jr., Dorothea and songs Video clip paper on artist; artists or
minds’ the to their real subject. Literature C. Garing., & appreciating its students’ artisan’s
value of Jezreel Anne Value PPT experiences brochure and
nationalism Identify the Prodigal Son R. Casaul during visit to a video clip to be
through principles of (2018) Activity 2 Worksheets gallery or uploaded on
appreciation of design. Desiderata Create an museum. social media.
value of Art Artwork Flashdrive
nationalism Create an artwork The Writers Appreciation (Charcoal How can you Exhibit of
through depicting the and what Painting) utilize the art to artists’ and
appreciation various principles they say Claudio V. express artisans’
Phil. of design. about their Tabotabo yourself, your portfolio.
craft community, Mini-exhibit of
Identify the various and your artist’/artisans’
genres in music. The Writers relation to work.
and their others and with
Make a creative works the earth? Students will
interpretation in interpret music
different musical Invictus Analysis paper through their
genres. by group: own art
Cadaver Choose a expressions
contemporary (music video,
Music and work and dance, poetry,
Dancing discuss the and living
subject, painting, film,
Architecture medium, and digital art, etc..)
and Culture technique.
Film
x
The Artist
and his
Works
Culture and
the Arts
Soul making:
Appropriation
and
Improvisation
Art in Asia
References
Bernardo, Nicolas Caslib, Jr., Dorothea C. Garing., & Jezreel Anne R. Casaul (2018)
GRADING PLAN
The term grade is computed using the formula:
1. Attendance:
a. Students who are absent for more than 20% of the total number of class hours (54 in a 3 unit course) may be dropped
from the course /subject.
b. Any student who finds it necessary to be absent from class must present a letter of excuse to his/her instructor.
xi
c. If a student’s absences reach ten (10) times, the instructor/professor may recommend to the Dean that the said student
be dropped from the course or be given a grade of 5.0.
2. Course requirements must be submitted on time.
3. Plagiarism is strictly prohibited. Be aware that plagiarism in this course would include not only using another’s words, but
another’s specific intellectual posts in social media. Assignments must be done independently and without reference to
another student’s work. Any outside sources used in completing an assignment, including internet references must be fully
cited on any homework assignment or exercise.
4. All students should feel free to talk to the instructor face-to-face or through media during office hours.
5. Academic accommodations are available for students with special needs. Students with special needs should schedule an
appointment with the instructor early in the semester to discuss any accommodations for this course.
MERLYN H. ARCAMO NICHOLAI I. SABANDAL, DM RAMIL C. MOROSCALLO, EMD ALICE MAE M. ARBON, PhD
Assistant Professor I Program Chair, Associate Dean OIC, Office of the VPAA
Date Revised:
Rules of Conduct
xii
Learning Guide
The key to successfully finish this material lies in your perseverance to sincerely
and honestly perform the learning activities and accomplish the assessments. This
flexible learning package is developed with the aim to aid your learning for this course.
Aside from meeting the content and performance standards of this course in performing
all the learning activities and assessments, you will be able to learn the skills and values
which are needed in achieving the future skills and the graduate attributes to become
globally competitive individuals.
Classroom Rules and Conduct
The following are the house rules which will help you to be on track and
successfully finish this course:
1. Schedule and manage your time to read and understand every component
of this learning package.
2. Study on how you can manage to perform all the learning activities in
consideration with your resources and accessibility to technology. Do not
ask questions that are already answered in the guide.
3. If you did not understand the readings and the other tasks, read again. If
there are still clarifications and questions, feel free to reach me through the
contact information indicated in this guide.
4. Do not procrastinate. As much as possible, follow the timetable.
5. Read and understand the assessment and technology tools as indicated in
the directions in every assessment or activity.
6. Before the end of the midterms, you will be tasked to send back the
material trough the pigeon boxes in your department. For online learners,
you will submit your output and other tasks in the google classroom. While
waiting for my feedback of your accomplished module, you may continue on
accomplishing the tasks in the succeeding units that are scheduled for the
finals.
7. Most importantly, you are the learner; thus, you do all the tasks in your own.
You may ask assistance and guidance from your parents, siblings or
friends, but all the activities shall be performed by you alone.
8. Course requirements must be submitted as to schedule.
9. Plagiarism is strictly prohibited. Be aware that plagiarism in this course
would include not only using another’s words, but another’s specific
intellectual posts in social media. Assignments must be done independently
and without reference to another student’s work. Any outside sources used
in completing an assignment, including internet references must be fully
cited on any homework assignment or exercise.
10. All students should feel free to talk to the instructor face-to-face or through
xiii
media during office hours.
11. Academic accommodations are available for students with special needs.
Students with special needs should schedule an appointment with the
instructor early in the semester to discuss any accommodations for this
course.
Evaluation
1. Read the course module and answer the pretest, quizzes, and self-assessment
activities.
2. Write your thoughts and suggestions in the comment boxes.
3. Perform all the learning activities.
4. Accomplish the assessments.
5. Submit the course requirements.
6. Perform the Midterm and Final Assessments
7. Pass the Midterm and Final Examinations
Technology Tools
Grading Plan
xv
Contact Information
xvi
JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
LEARNING AGREEMENT
By signing this learning agreement, I commit to the following terms and conditions of Jose
Rizal Memorial State University in the implementation of Flexible Learning System.
Specifically, I commit to observe the following:
1. That I must observe all guidelines of the state pertaining to the prevention of
COVID, specifically to stay home, to observe physical distancing and the use of face
masks when interacting with others.
2. That I shall prioritize my health and safety while I comply with all the necessary
learning activities and assessments needed in my enrolled courses.
3. That I will exhaust all means of complying the requirements at home or in a less
risky place and location that will not allow me to be exposed to other people.
4. That I have already read and understood all instructions pertaining to my enrolled
courses.
5. That I commit to do all the learning activities diligently, following deadlines and the
learning guide enabling me to deliver the course requirements.
6. That I commit to answer all forms of assessment in the learning package honestly.
7. That I shall initiate in giving feedback to my instructor at least once every two weeks.
8. That I shall not reproduce or publish any part of the learning package content
without the written consent of the University and the author/s.
9. That I shall not commit any form of plagiarism in all course requirements.
Conformed:
**Please email the signed copy of this learning agreement to your instructor as soon as you have
received the learning package.
xvii
Form No. F16: Summative Assessment Plan
Background: This form aims to document the summative assessment strategies that a teacher deems appropriate
to the course being taught and its corresponding course outcomes. Summative assessments are methods used to
evaluate student learning, skill acquisition, and academic achievement at the conclusion of a defined instructional
period – typically at the end of a course or a semester. Summative assessments are requirements across all
courses in JRMSU. Please refer to the JRMSU Handbook on
Flexible Learning for the guidelines in designing summative assessments.
Weight
Scoring/
Course Title of (%) in
No. Description Grading
Outcomes Assessment Final
Standard
Grade
1 Characterize Reflection An analysis of Rubric 40%
the assumption Paper the topic Performance
of arts. Writing given.
Essay A written
Writing output
summarizing
once learning
on the topic.
Identify the Color wheel Letting
medium in Making students to
various forms make an
of arts, via; illustration of
visual, auditory the circle of
and combine colors.
arts.
Clarify Students are
misconceptions Make a made to make
about art. Video of a video of
Genre Art Genre art
representing
in any various
media of
scenes or
events from
everyday life.
Students are
Characterize made to do
artistic Make an an abstract
expression Acrylic artwork using
based on Painting acrylic paint.
personal
experiences
with art.
2 Inculcate in the Writing Application of Rubric 40%
students Poems and one of the Performance
xvii
i
hearts’ and songs literary genres
minds’ the appreciating to create a
value of its Value song or a
nationalism poem.
through
appreciation of
value of
nationalism
through
appreciation
Phil.
Analyse how
artists present Create an Painting using
their subjects in Artwork charcoal as a
relation to the (Charcoal medium.
real subject. Painting)
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Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Form No. F17: Summative Assessment Instructions to Learners
This activity will allow the students to express their understanding and
appreciation of multilingualism as used in school and as a part of one’s social
function.
Moreover, putting their learning in their own words will inculcate deeper in
them the objective of the lesson and will set their minds as they go further in studying
the subject.
Instructions:
A. Share your opinion on this, “Compare and contrast two art works from
a historical perspective”? Justify your opinion.
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Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Form No. F17: Summative Assessment Instructions to Learners
This activity will also give way to clear understanding and represent in any
various media of scenes or events from everyday life.
This video making activity helps inculcate in the mind of the students
appreciation of Philippine National artist and their works of arts;
Instructions:
Video Making. Make a video of Genre art representing in any various media of
scenes or events from everyday life. Once the video making starts the director is
primary concern with their performance. See rubrics on pages xxvii to xxviii for the
learning guide.
xxi
Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Form No. F17: Summative Assessment Instructions to Learners
An artwork charcoal painting activity is a form of dry art medium made of finely
ground organic materials that are held together by a gum or wax binder or produced
without the use of binders by eliminating the oxygen inside the material during the
production process. It is meant to illustrate their imagination to the topic given and
how it affects their ideas and possible practice in the future.
With the given activity this is an application of a higher order of thinking based
from the knowledge earned.
If the students can give sound analysis of the importance of art, it will create in
them positive attitude towards creating and learning.
Instructions:
A. Make a painting using charcoal as a medium that refers to the materials that
are used to create a work of art. See rubrics on page xxix for this activity.
xxii
Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Form No. F17: Summative Assessment Instructions to Learners
In this lesson, you'll learn what a color wheel is and see some different types.
Use color wheels to help them remember what colors work best with each other
If the students will introduce the basics of color theory, as well as the ways in
which color to guide the viewer’s attention through a paintings composition.
Instructions:
B. Make your own color wheel. Just follow the arrangement of color as provided
in page 17, but make sure to make your own mixture. See rubrics on page
xxvi for this activity.
xxiii
Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Form No. F17: Summative Assessment Instructions to Learners
If the students will introduce depending on how much the paint is diluted with
water, or modified with acrylic gels, mediums, or pastes, the finished acrylic painting
can resemble a watercolor, a gouache or an oil painting, or have its own unique
characteristics not attainable with other media.
Instructions:
Make an abstract artwork using acrylic paint. See rubrics on page xxx for this
activity.
xxiv
ASSESSMENT RUBRICS
CATEGORY 15 10 5
Source: http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php?screen=ShowRubric&rubric_id=1667639&
xxv
Color Wheel Rubric
CATEGORY 15 10 5
Source: http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php?screen=ShowRubric&rubric_id=2510566&
xxvi
Video Presentation Rubric
CATEGORY 10 8 6 4 2
xxvii
the
presentation.
Presentatio Excellent Good Incorporation Incorporation Incorporation
n skills incorporation incorporation of most of some of few proper
of all proper of all proper proper proper presentation
presentation presentation presentation presentation aspects (eye
aspects (eye aspects (eye aspects (eye aspects (eye contact, tone,
contact, tone, contact, tone, contact, tone, contact, tone, pitch,
pitch, pitch, pitch, pitch, enthusiasm,
enthusiasm, enthusiasm, enthusiasm, enthusiasm, gestures,
gestures, gestures, gestures, gestures, movement,
movement, movement, movement, movement, etc.). Three
etc.) etc.) etc.). One etc.). Two aspects seen
aspect seen aspects seen very little or
very little or very little or not at all.
not at all. not at all.
Source: http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php?screen=ShowRubric&rubric_id=2078025&
xxviii
Charcoal Drawing/Painting Rubric
CATEGORY 20 15 10 5
Source: http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php?screen=ShowRubric&rubric_id=2416899&
xxix
Art - Acrylic painting
CATEGORY 20 15 10 5
Source: http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php?screen=ShowRubric&rubric_id=2661734&
xxx
THE BEAUTY OF ART xxxi
Preface
There is nothing that grounds men and women more concretely than the work of
their hands. This module is a survey of the most important elements of the study of the
humanities. Art Appreciation, as a course, attempts to develop in students the ability to
appreciate, scrutinize, and appraise works of art.
This module will begin with the preliminaries on what art is, what its assumption
are, what it normally amounts to, and its functions. There will also be a survey of a few
philosophies that were made and conceived by thinkers about art and beauty. After
these, the subject and content of art, as well as the actors in art, the artisans, will be
dealt with. Through and through, each lesson is comprised of opportunities for the
students not just to learn passively but also to actively contribute to and participate in art.
Toward the end, this module only wishes to contribute to the holistic development
of each Filipino learner in the hopes that every college student does not just become a
skilled professional, an expert in his field, but one who is truly human, a kind that does
not just think and socialize but one who appreciates the work of the hands and the
beauty that he is capable of producing and beholding.
To God be all the glory!!!
-Merlyn H. Arcamo
Acknowledgment
First and foremost, praises and thanks to God, the Almighty, for the knowledge
and wisdom and for the showers of blessings throughout my work to complete it
successfully.
-Merlyn H. Arcamo
Contents
Copyright.......................................................................................................................................iii
Course Introduction.......................................................................................................................iv
COURSE SYLLABUS.........................................................................................................................vi
Learning Guide.............................................................................................................................xiii
LEARNING AGREEMENT...............................................................................................................xvii
Summative Assessment.................................................................................................................xx
ASSESSMENT RUBRICS.................................................................................................................xxv
Preface........................................................................................................................................xxxi
Acknowledgment......................................................................................................................xxxiii
Unit 1- What is Humanities?...........................................................................................................1
Unit II – Visual Elements and Principles of Arts............................................................................12
Unit III- Art History and Development..........................................................................................26
Unit IV – Renowned Filipino Painters...........................................................................................36
References....................................................................................................................................46
Glossary........................................................................................................................................47
Answer Keys.................................................................................................................................50
Users’ Evaluation Form.................................................................................................................53
Humanities is one of the required subjects in college. It is a set of discipline that includes
grammar, philosophy, literature, history and music. As the word suggests, man is the center
of humanities. The term is derived from the Latin word humanus, which means human. This
concerns humanity. It records or interprets man’s thinking, feeling, regrets, aspirations,
failures and what he supposed not to do in the world ("Chapter 1 CPAR.pptx - The Study of
Humanities and the Art Chapter 1 What are Humanities Why study the Humanities How to
study the Humanities Text | Course Hero", 2020).
-Claudio V. Tabotabo
Learning Outcomes
Pretest
Directions: Which of the statement sounds “TRUE” and which of the statement sounds
“FALSE”. Write your answer in the space provided.
1. Subject refers to the visual focus or the image that may be extracted
from examining the artwork.
2. Communicated by the artist or the artwork.
3. Elements and the medium or material are put together.
4. The subject is seen as the “what”.
5. The content is seen as the “why”.
6. Form is the “how”.
7. Non-representational also termed figurative art because the figures
depicted are easy to make out and decipher.
8. Representational art is an art forms that do not make a reference to the
real world, whether it is a person, place, thing, or even a particular event.
Content
In most cases, there are clues that meditate between the artwork and the viewer,
allowing the viewer to more easily comprehend what he is seeing. These clues are the
three basic components of a work of art: subject, form, and content. These components
are largely inseparable from each other and usually related to each other.
To differentiate them briefly, subject refers to the visual focus or the image that
may be extracted from examining the artwork, while content is the meaning that is
communicated by the artist or the artwork. Finally, the development and configuration of
the artwork – how the elements and the medium or material are put together-is the form.
In simpler terms, the subject is seen as the “what”; the content is the “why”; and the form
is the “how.”
Artist David Bailly entitled Selbstbildnis mit Vanitassymbolen (Self-Portrait with Vanitas Symbols), (1651).
Oil on panel. Stedelijk Museum De Lakenhal, Leiden.
TYPES OF SUBJECT
Representational Art
These types of art have subjects that refer to objects that refer to objects or events
occurring in the real world. Also termed figurative art because the figures depicted
are easy to make out and decipher.
Despite not knowing who Mona Lisa is, it is clear that the painting is of a woman
that is realistically-proportioned; only the upper torso is shown; a beguiling and
mysterious smile is flashed; the background is a landscape.
Non-Representational Art
Art forms that do not make a reference to the real world, whether it is a person,
place, thing, or even a particular event. It is stripped down to visual elements, such
as shapes, lines, and colors that are employed to translate a particular feeling,
emotion, and even concept.
Jackson Pollock, detail of “Number 1A” (1948). Oil and enamel paint on canvas. Museum of Modern Art (MOMA)
Collection.
Looking at the combination of lines, shapes, and colors of the sculpture will point to a
head of a woman even with the abstraction of the image, this work is arguably
representational art.
Sources of Subject
Kinds of Subject
hology
https://www.slideshare.net/janril/subject-
and-content-of-arts
CONTENT IN ART
The meaning or message that is expressed or communicated by the artwork. In
understanding the content of art, it is important to note that there are various levels of
meaning: ("Subject and Content of Arts", 2020)
Factual meaning - The most rudimentary level of meaning for it may be extracted
from the identifiable or recognizable forms in the artwork and understanding how these
elements relate to one another.
Learning Activities
1. What are the hurdles of accessing art in terms of its subject and content?
Assessment
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Direction. Choose the letter of your answer.
1. Portraits such as the “Mona Lisa” are good examples of what is called
a. representational art
b. figurative art
c. non-representational art
d. all of the above
Post test
Noticeable on the face of Mona Lisa are lines and forms that mingled with colors so as to
produce great painting. The same things are observable in the Eiffel tower. Eiffel tower is
considered one of the greatest achievements in the field of architecture. Its fame attract
thousands of tourists throughout the world every year. But looking closely at it, one will find
that it is only a combination of lines and forms. It has no color elements. Lines, forms and
colors are the most basic elements of visual arts. All arts have elements of their own but, in
visual art, there are always lines and forms. Other elements are texture and perspective
("Art Department - Learning Goals & Objectives - Lehman College", 2020)
-Claudio V. Tabotabo
Learning Outcomes
Pretest
Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the following questions and encircle the letter of the correct answer
("Elements and Principles of Design – Pre-Test", 2020).
1. A type of balance in which both sides of a composition are balanced yet different.
A. Asymmetrical
B. Radial
C. Symmetrical
D. Geometric
A. Asymmetrical
B. Radial
C. Symmetrical
D. Geometric
Thank you for answering the test. The next page is the content please
read it.
Enjoy learning
Content
Line
A line is defined as a mark that connects the space between two points, taking any
form along the way.
The line is an essential element of art, defined as a mark that connects the space
between two points, taking any form along the way. Lines are used most often to define
shape in two-dimensional works and could be called the most ancient, as well as the
most universal, forms of mark making.
There are many different types of lines, all characterized by their lengths being greater
than their width, as well as by the paths that they take. Depending on how they are used,
lines help to determine the motion, direction, and energy of a work of art. The quality of a
line refers to the character that is presented by a line in order to animate a surface to
varying degrees.
Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii, 1784: Many implied lines connect the figures and action
of the piece by leading the eye of the viewer through the unfolding drama.
Actual lines are lines that are physically present, existing as solid connections
between one or more points, while implied lines refer to the path that the viewer’s
eye takes as it follows shape, color, and form within an art work. Implied lines give
works of art a sense of motion and keep the viewer engaged in a composition. We
can see numerous implied lines in Jacques-Louis David’s Oath of the Horatii,
connecting the figures and actions of the piece by leading the eye of the viewer
through the unfolding drama.
Straight or classic lines add stability and structure to a composition and can be
vertical, horizontal, or diagonal on the surface of the work. Expressive lines refer to
curved marks that increase the sense of dynamism of a work of art. These types of
lines often follow an undetermined path of sinuous curves. The outline or contour
lines create a border or path around the edge of a shape, thereby outlining and
defining it. Cross contour lines delineate differences in the features of a surface and
can give the illusion of three dimensions or a sense of form or shading.
Hatch lines are a series of short lines repeated in intervals, typically in a single
direction, and are used to add shading and texture to surfaces. Cross-hatch lines
provide additional texture and tone to the image surface and can be oriented in any
direction. Layers of cross-hatching can add rich texture and volume to image
surfaces.
The use of light and dark in art is called value. Value can be subdivided into tint
(light hues) and shade (dark hues). In painting, which uses subtractive color, value
changes are achieved by adding black or white to a color. Artists may also employ
shading, which refers to a more subtle manipulation of value. The value scale is used to
show the standard variations in tones. Values near the lighter end of the spectrum are
termed high-keyed, while those on the darker end are low-keyed.
Value scale: The value scale represents different degrees of light used in artwork.
In Baroque painting, the technique of chiaroscuro was used to produce highly dramatic
effects in art. Chiaroscuro, which means literally “light-dark” in Italian, refers to clear
tonal contrasts exemplified by very high-keyed whites, placed directly against very low-
keyed darks. Candlelit scenes were common in Baroque painting as they effectively
produced this dramatic type of effect. Caravaggio used a high contrast palette in such
works as The Denial of St. Peter to create his expressive chiaroscuro scene.
Color
In the visual arts, color theory is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual
impacts of specific color combinations.
Color theory subdivides color into the “primary colors” of red, yellow, and blue, which
cannot be mixed from other pigments; and the “secondary colors” of green, orange and
violet, which result from different combinations of the primary colors. Primary and
secondary colors are combined in various mixtures to create “tertiary colors.” Color
theory is centered on the color wheel, a diagram that shows the relationship of the
various colors to each other.
Complementary colors
Color wheel: The color wheel is a
Complementary colors can be found directly diagram that shows the relationship of
opposite each other on the color wheel (purple and the various colors to each other.
yellow, green and red, orange and blue). When
placed next to each other, these pairs create the
strongest contrast for those particular two colors.
The distinction between warm and cool colors has been important since at least the late
18th century. Warm colors are the hues from red through yellow, browns and tans
included.
Texture
Texture refers to the tactile quality of the surface of an art object. Texture in art
stimulates the senses of sight and touch and refers to the tactile quality of the surface of
the art. It is based on the perceived texture of the canvas or surface, which includes the
application of the paint. In the context of artwork, there are two types of texture: visual
and actual.
Visual texture refers to an implied sense of texture that the artist creates through
the use of various artistic elements such as line, shading and color.
Actual texture refers to the physical rendering or the real surface qualities we can
notice by touching an object, such as paint application or three-dimensional art.
It is possible for an artwork to contain numerous visual textures, yet still remain
smooth to the touch. Take for example Realist or Illusionist works, which rely on the
heavy
use of paint and varnish, yet maintain an utterly smooth surface. In Jan Van Eyck’s
painting “The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin” we can notice a great deal of texture in the
clothing and robes especially, while the surface of the work remains very smooth.
Jan van Eyck, The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin, 1435:
The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin has a great deal of
texture in the clothing and robes, but the actual surface
of the work is very smooth.
Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Night, 1889: The Starry Night contains a great deal of actual texture through the thick
application of paint.
Paintings often use actual texture as well, which we can observe in the physical
application of paint. Visible brushstrokes and different amounts of paint will create a
texture that adds to the expressiveness of a painting and draw attention to specific areas
within it. The artist Vincent van Gogh is known to have used a great deal of actual
texture in his paintings, noticeable in the thick application of paint in such paintings as
Starry Night.
“Positive space” refers to the space of the defined shape, or figure. Typically, the
positive space is the subject of an artwork. “Negative space” refers to the space that
exists around and between one or more shapes. Positive and negative space can
become difficult to distinguish from each other in more abstract works.
A “plane” refers to any surface area within space. In two-dimensional art, the “picture
plane” is the flat surface that the image is created upon, such as paper, canvas, or
wood. Three-dimensional figures may be depicted on the flat picture plane through the
use of the artistic elements to imply depth and volume, as seen in the painting Small
Bouquet of Flowers in a Ceramic Vase by Jan Brueghel the Elder.
“Form” is a concept that is related to shape. Combining two or more shapes can create
a three-dimensional shape. Form is always considered three-dimensional as it exhibits
volume—or height, width, and depth. Art makes use of both actual and implied volume.
Jan Brueghel the Elder, Small Bouquet of Flowers in a Ceramic Vase, 1599: Three-dimensional figures may be
depicted on the flat picture plane through the use of the artistic elements to imply depth and volume.
The elements and principles of art and design are the foundation of the language
we use to talk about art. The elements of art are the visual tools that the artist uses to
create a composition. These are line, shape, color, value, form, texture, and space.
The principles of art repr esent how the artist uses the elements of art to create
an effect and to help convey the artist's intent. The principles of art and design are
balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, pattern, rhythm, and unity/variety. The use of
these principles can help determine whether a painting is successful, and whether or not
the painting is finished.
The artist decides what principles of art he or she wants to use in a painting.
While an artist might not use all the principles of design in one piece, the principles are
intertwined and the use of one will often depend on another. For example, when creating
emphasis, the artist might also be using contrast or vice versa. It is generally agreed that
a successful painting is unified, while also having some variety created by areas of
contrast and emphasis; is visually balanced; and moves the viewer's eye around the
composition. Thus it is that one principle of art can influence the effect and impact of
another ("7 Principles of Art and Design", 2020).
Balance refers to the visual weight of the elements of the composition. It is a sense that
the painting feels stable and "feels right." Imbalance causes a feeling of discomfort in the
viewer.
1. Symmetry, in which both sides of a composition have the same elements in the
same position, as in a mirror-image, or the two sides of a face.
2. Asymmetry, in which the composition is balanced due to the contrast of any of
the elements of art. For example, a large circle on one side of a composition
might be balanced by a small square on the other side
3. Radial symmetry, in which elements are equally spaced around a central point,
as in the spokes coming out of the hub of a bicycle tire.
Contrast is the difference between elements of art in a composition, such that each
element is made stronger in relation to the other. When placed next to each other,
contrasting elements command the viewer's attention. Areas of contrast are among the
first places that a viewer's eye is drawn. Contrast can be achieved by juxtapositions of
any of the elements of art. Negative/Positive space is an example of contrast.
Complementary colors placed side by side is an example of contrast. Notan is an
example of contrast.
Emphasis is when the artist creates an area of the composition that is visually dominant
and commands the viewer's attention. This is often achieved by contrast.
Movement is the result of using the elements of art such that they move the viewer's
eye around and within the image. A sense of movement can be created by diagonal or
curvy lines, either real or implied, by edges, by the illusion of space, by repetition, by
energetic mark-making.
Pattern is the uniform repetition of any of the elements of art or any combination thereof.
Anything can be turned into a pattern through repetition. Some classic patterns are
spirals, grids, weaves. For examples of different pattern types see the Artlandia Glossary
of Pattern Design. A popular drawing practice is Zentangles, in which an abstract or
representational outline is divided into different areas, each of which contains a unique
pattern.
Unity/Variety You want your painting to feel unified such that all the elements fit
together comfortably. Too much unity creates monotony, too much variety creates
chaos. You need both. Ideally, you want areas of interest in your composition along with
places for your eye to rest.
Learning Activities
3. What is value?
Let’s do this!
In the space below make your own color wheel. Just follow the arrangement of color as
provided in page 17, but make sure to make your own mixture.
Assessment
Directions: The next questions are True or False. Mark A for True and B for False.
Post test
5. What is Chiaroscuro?
Art history doesn't consist in simply listing all the art movements and placing them on a
timeline. It is the study of objects of art considered within their time period. Art historians
analyze visual arts' meaning (painting, sculpture, architecture) at the time they were
created.
Men had already appreciated art long before they learned to write. Paintings, believed to
have been mastered before the advent of writing are seen on the walls of a certain cave in
Cro-Magnon France.
-Claudio V. Tabotabo
Learning Outcomes
Pretest
Multiple Choice
Directions. Encircle the correct answer.
1. This painting titled “Portrait of Pope Innocent X" was painted by...
a) Pablo Picasso
b) Diego Velazquez
c) Rembrandt
d) El Greco
2. This depiction of "Judith Slaying Holofernes" was a popular subject matter painted by
several artists in the 16th and 17th centuries... who painted this one?
a) Peter Paul Rubens 1675
b) Caravaggio 1635
c) Artemisia Gentileschi 1612-13
d) Francisco de Zurbarán 1614
3. This fresco from the Arena Chapel (also called the Scrovegni Chapel) in Padua Italy
features what is to be considered the first Renaissance, or "Proto Renaissance" art
work in Italy. Name the artist.
a) Giotto di Bondone
b) Duccio
c) Leonardo Da Vinci
d) Piero della Francesca
4. The following artist wanted to be a Preacher but after failing at it, became an artist.
a) Vincent Van Gogh
b) Henri Matisse
c) Salvador Dali
d) Paul Gauguin
5. In 1917 this particular piece of art sparked the most controversial ongoing argument
in art history begging the question, what is Art? Identify the work and artist:
a) Les Demoiselles d'Avignon by Pablo Picasso 1907
b) The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali 1931
c) The Urinal (or Fountain) by Marcel Duchamp 1917
d) L.H.O.O.Q. by Marcel Duchamp 1919
Thank you for answering the test. The next page is the content please
read it.
Enjoy learning
Content
Portraits
A portrait is a painting, photograph, sculpture, or other
artistic representation of a person, in which the face
and its expression are predominant. The intent is to
display the likeness, personality, and even the mood of
the person. For this reason, in photography a portrait is
generally not a snapshot, but a composed image of a
person in a still position. A portrait often shows a
person looking directly at the painter or photographer in
order to most successfully engage the subject with the
viewer.
Landscapes
Landscape painting, also known as landscape art, is the depiction in art of landscapes—
natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests, especially where
the main subject is a wide view—with its elements arranged into a coherent composition
. In other works, landscape backgrounds for figures can still form an important part of the
work. Sky is almost always included in the view, and weather is often an element of the
composition. Detailed landscapes as a distinct subject are not found in all artistic
traditions and develop when there is already a sophisticated tradition of representing
other subjects.
Genre Art
Narrative Art
Narrative art is art that tells a story, either as a moment in an ongoing story or as a
sequence of events unfolding over time. Some of the earliest evidence of human art
suggests that people told stories with pictures. However, without some knowledge of the
story being told, it is very hard to read ancient pictures because they are not organized
in a systematic way like words on a page, but rather can unfold in many different
directions at once.
Art exists along a continuum from realistic representational work to fully non-
representational work. Painting and sculpture can be divided into the categories of
figurative (or representational) and abstract (or non-representational). Figurative art
describes artwork – particularly paintings and sculptures – which are clearly derived from
real object sources, and therefore are, by definition, representational. Since the arrival of
abstract art in the early twentieth century, the term “figurative” has been used to refer to
any form of modern art that retains strong references to the real world.
Artistic independence was advanced during the nineteenth century, resulting in the
emergence of abstract art. Three movements which contributed heavily to the
development of these styles were Romanticism, Impressionism, and Expressionism.
Even art that aims for verisimilitude of the highest degree can be said to be abstract, at
least theoretically, since perfect representation is likely to be exceedingly elusive.
Artwork which takes liberties, altering, for instance, color and form in ways that are
conspicuous, can be said to be partially abstract.
Humanities are educational courses that aim to teach individuals about the
human condition in a variety of forms, as well as look at them with a critical and
analytical eye. The branches of humanities consist of languages, the arts, literature,
philosophy, religion and history.
Why?
Languages
The arts
The arts consist of theater, music, art and film. They are all mediums of self-
expression and these courses in particular encourage personal interpretation and
analysis. Fine arts courses also come into this category; however, they focus more on
the historical forms of art and their origins.
Literature
Literature refers to novels, short stories, plays and so on. Individuals attempt to
decipher the meaning of texts and look into symbolism and themes. Literature courses
delve into social aspects that may influence texts.
These courses study human behavior and the age-old questions such as the
meaning of life and the existence of God. They analyze various cultures and their
religious beliefs as well as moral codes.
History
This is arguably the most facts-based course as individuals delve into past
events such as war and politics and how societies and cultures have been affected
throughout the years ("What Is Humanities and Its Branches?” 2020).
Learning Activities
Instructions: Develop a one paragraph essay on the different topics given. Be guided
on the rubrics on page xxv on this activity. Make your written output brief yet substantial.
4. Analyze and discuss the nature and meaning of objects and artifacts in multiple
contexts, including on-site contact and display, as well as original historical
settings.
Assessment
Matching Type.
Directions. Match column A with column B. Choose only the letter of your answer.
A B
Post test
Do this!
Make a video of Genre art representing in any various media of scenes or events from
everyday life.
Defense of a Filipina Woman's Honour, which is representative of Amorsolo's World War II-
era paintings. Here, a Filipino man defends a woman, who is either his wife or daughter,
from being raped by an unseen Japanese soldier. Note the Japanese military cap at the
man's foot.
-Fernando Amorsolo
Learning Outcomes
Pretest
1. He’s one of the most important artists in the history of painting in the
Philippines.
2. He’s described as masterpieces that brought the cultures of the barrio
and the city together.
3. She’s more than 30-year painting career began when she traveled to the
United States to undertake graduate studies.
4. He was a Filipino painter, sculptor and a political activist of the
Philippine Revolution during the late 19th century. He became one of
the first recognized Philippine artists.
5. Hernando Ruiz Ocampo was a leading radical modernist artist in the
Philippines.
Content
Fernando Amorsolo
• (May 30, 1892 – April 24, 1972) is one of the most
important artists in the history of painting in the
Philippines.
Vicente Manansala
Juan Luna
The Spoliarium
Felix R. Ressureccion
Hernando R. Ocampo
Pacita Abad
Cesar Legaspi
Learning Activities
Looking at Picture – 2
Assessment
Multiple Choice.
Directions: Choose the correct answer. Write only the letter of your answer.
Post test
Start a Painting….
I’ve put together a few sets so that you can experiment with any of the tremendous
outlay. I put together the best products for the best price. Along with the sets you might
want to get a few of the following:
Acrylic
Painting
See rubrics on page xxx to be guided in this.
References
Art Department - Learning Goals & Objectives - Lehman College. Lehman.edu. (2020).
Retrieved 20 August 2020, from https://www.lehman.edu/academics/arts-
humanities/art/learning-goals.php.
Bernardo, Nicolas Caslib, Jr., Dorothea C. Garing., & Jezreel Anne R. Casaul (2018). Art
Appreiation
Bhandari, S. (2020). The 10 Most Famous Filipino Artists and their Masterworks. Culture
Trip. Retrieved 20 August 2020,
https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/the-10-most-famous-filipino-
artists-and-their-masterworks/.
Chapter 1 CPAR.pptx - The Study of Humanities and the Art Chapter 1 What are
Humanities Why study the Humanities How to study the Humanities Text |
Course Hero. Coursehero.com. (2020). Retrieved 20 August 2020, from
https://www.coursehero.com/file/32554960/Chapter-1-CPARpptx/
What Is Humanities And Its Branches? Humanities. (2020). Retrieved 20 August 2020,
from https://gdbkicm10262015.wordpress.com/2016/10/20/what-is-humanities-
and-its-branches/.
7 Principles of Art and Design. Live About. (2020). Retrieved 20 August 2020, from
https://www.liveabout.com/principles-of-art-and-design-2578740
Glossary
Abstract art – Defined and very widely used term which in its most general sense
describes any art in which form and color are stressed at the expense, or in the absence
of, a representational image. Also known as concrete art or non-objective art.
Acrylic Painting – Uses a fast-drying, synthetic, water soluble paint that can be used on
most surfaces. Made from color pigments and a synthetic plastic binder, acrylic paint
looks like oil and can be used in a variety of painting techniques.
Ancient Art – Umbrella term encompassing early forms of creative expression from
ancient Mediterranean civilizations, like Sumerian, Egyptian, Minoan, Mycenean,
Persian.
Architecture – Science or art of building. Also: the structure or style of what is built.
Art – A form of creative expression. For explanation, see: Definition and Meaning of Art.
For forms and categories, see: Types of Art.
Body Art – A type of contemporary art in which the artist's body is the "canvas".
Body colour – Watercolour made opaque by mixing with white. Also: term used in
painting to describe solid, definitive areas of colour which are then completed or
modified with scumbles and glazes.
Bronze – Alloy of copper and tin, used for cast sculpture. Bronze sculpture is made from
this alloy. Hence bronzist, a maker of bronze sculptures, plaques, etc.
Brush – Implement for applying paint, usually of hog or sable hair set in a wooden handle.
Brush stroke – The individual mark made by each application of paint with a BRUSH,
usually retaining the mark of the separate brush hairs.
Brushwork – General term for manner or style in which paint is applied, and often
considered by art historians as an identifying characteristic of a particular artist's work.
Chiaroscuro – The contrasting use of light and shadow. Artists who are famed for the
use of chiaroscuro include Leonardo da Vinci, Caravaggio and Rembrandt. Leonardo
used chiaroscuro to enhance the three-dimensionality of his figures, Caravaggio used it
for drama, and Rembrandt for both reasons.
Concrete Art – Term coined in 1930 when Theo van Doesburg became editor of the
magazine art Concrete; it is sometimes used as a synonym for abstract art, though the
emphasis is not just on geometric or abstract form, but on structure and organization in
both design and execution.
Contemporary art – A rather loose term, used by museums to describe post-war art,
and by art critics to refer to art since 1970.
Drawing – Refers to the monochrome use of pencil, charcoal, pen, ink, or similar
mediums on paper, card or other support, producing line work or a linear quality rather
than mass. When used
Gradation: A passing by small degrees from one tone or shade, as of color, to another.
Oil painting – A medium where pigments are mixed with drying oils, such as linseed,
walnut, or poppy seed, which found great favor due to its brilliance of detail, its rich
colour, and its wider tonal range. Popularized during the 15th century in Northern Europe
(whose climate did not favor fresco works), foremost pioneers of oil paint techniques
included (in Holland) Hubert and Jan Van Eyck, and (in Italy) Leonardo Da Vinci.
Painting – process of applying paint. Also: object produced by applying paint to a flat
support, e.g. a wall or canvas.
Palette – slab of wood, metal or glass used by the artist for mixing paint. Also:
figuratively: the range of colors used by the artist. See: Color Mixing Tips.
Pastel – Crayon made from pigment mixed with gum and water and pressed into a stick-
shaped form, or work executed in this medium. Because pastel tends to be light and
chalky in tone, the word is also used to describe pale, light colors.
Primary color: Any of three colors which, when added to or subtracted from others in
different amounts, can generate all other colors.
Tint: A color considered with reference to other very similar colors. Red and blue are
different colors, but two shades of scarlet are different tints.
Visual art – A broad category of artistic disciplines, encompassing the fine arts, some of
the applied arts and certain modern art forms.
Subjects
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