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( International Journal of Applied Agricultural & Horticultural Sciences )
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 ISSN 0974-0775

GREEN FARMING NAAS Rating : 4.38

(International Journal of Applied Agricultural & Horticultural Sciences)

(Abbreviation : Green Farming Int. J., Global Impact Factor : 0.468)

Volume 9 Number 4 July-August 2018 Bimonthly

Previous issue :
CONTENTS Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 396-585
Research Papers
Genetic variability and association analysis for yield and yield component traits in groundnut
¾ A. LOKESHWAR REDDY, T. SRINIVAS, A. PRASANNA RAJESH and P. UMAMAHESHWARI .......... 586
Yield stability of bread wheat genotypes at Kymore Pleatue of Madhya Pradesh
¾ MONIKA SINGH and D.K. MISHRA .......... 591
Estimation of genetic variability for grain yield, yield components and nutritional traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
¾ R.S. ARCHANA, M. SUDHA RANI, K.M. VISHNU VARDHAN and G. FAREEDA .......... 596
Stability analysis for quality contributing traits in finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn)
¾ B.R. CHAVAN, L.N. JAWALE, A.V. SHINDE and A.W. MORE .......... 600
Estimation of per se performance of yield and its attributing traits in kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.)
¾ V. NIRUBANA, K. GANESAMURTHY and R. RAVIKESAVAN .......... 604
Genetic diversity for yield and yield component characters in rice fallow blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)
¾ K. NAGENDRA RAO, HARI RAM KUMAR BANDI, K. SRINIVASULU, J. PADMAVATHI and K. VAMSI KRISHNA.......... 608

Genetic variability in Indian foxtail millet genetic resources [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv]
¾ K. AMARNATH, A.V.S. DURGA PRASAD, C.V. CHANDRA MOHAN REDDY and K.N. SREENIVASULU .......... 612
Parent progeny regression analysis on yield & yield component characters in advanced breeding lines in rice (O. sativa L.)
¾ LALITHA R., ANAND G. and ARUNACHALAM P. .......... 615
Effects of climate changes on agriculture in India
¾ R. BASKARAN and M. PANDIYAN .......... 618
Effect of weed management practices in different physiological aspects on wheat crop [Triticum aestivum (L.)]
¾ NARAYAN SHAKYA, SUDARSHAN CHICHAM, ANIL KUMAR RAI, ANEETA SHAKYA and D.K. PALIWAL .......... 625

Study of quantitative traits and association of yield and its components in greengram (Vigna radiata) genotypes
¾ BHUPENDRA, KIRAN, SITARAM KUSHWAHA and GAZALA RIZVI .......... 630
Identification of optimum agronomic combination to mitigate drought impact on safflower productivity
¾ G.V. THAKARE, S.C. VILHEKAR, K.J. KUBDE and P.U. GHATOL .......... 634
Influence of different cultural method and potassium levels for improvement of growth & yield of wheat under Eastern U.P.
¾ JAI SINGH, THOMAS ABRAHAM, MANOJ KUMAR and ASHOK CHOUDHARY .......... 638
Effect of split application of nitrogen and potassium on growth and yield of summer irrigated cotton
¾ S. ABARNA and G. SRINIVASAN .......... 641
Nutritional survey of kinnow orchards at Jamsar and Lunkaransar soil series of Bikaner district of arid Rajasthan
¾ DINESH KUMAR, B.L. KUMAWAT, B.D. SHARMA and RAMANDEEP KAUR .......... 644
Effect of phosphorus management on periodical P2O5 content of rabi maize and soil under maize-greengram
cropping sequence
¾ ASMATULLAH DURANI, SONAL TRIPATHI, L.J. DESAI, HASHMATULLAH DURRANI and AMINULLAH YOUSAFZAI.......... 651
Status of potassium fractions in soil & their correlation under INM treatment in Haplustepts of Udaipur (Rajasthan)
¾ PRIYANKA, MAHENDER SHARMA, S.K. SHARMA and V. KUMAR .......... 657
Dynamics of zinc fractions in sodic soil under different amendments and levels of zinc sulphate
¾ R. VINOTHINI, M. BASKAR, G. GOMADHI, K. SIVASUBRAMANIAN and P. BALASUBRAMANIAM .......... 662
Changes in polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase activity in carnation due to the incidence of fusarium wilt
(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi)
¾ PURNACHANDRA GOWDA G., DHANANJAYA M.V., DEVAPPA V., FAKRUDIN B., ASHWATH C.R., SRIRAM
and RAJIV KUMAR .......... 666
Contd. ....
Combined effects of pruning and defoliating chemicals on growth and flower yield of jasmine (J. sambac L.) cv. Gundumalli
¾ SRILATHA V., SUNIL KUMAR K. and PADMODAYA B. .......... 671
Evaluation of dahlia genotypes for flower quality parameters under dry zone of Northern Karnataka
¾ JYOTI VERMA and BALAJI S. KULKARNI .......... 675
Responses of different organic sources of nutrients and biofertilizers on okra [A. esculentus (L.) M.] cv. Arka Anamika
¾ M.R. TANK, P.C. JOSHI, H.S. BHADAURIA, PIYUSH VERMA, N.D. JOSHI, B.M. NANDRE and M.K. SHARMA.......... 679

Effect of pruning and drip fertigation on physiological parameters of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Sardar
¾ A. MAHADEVAN, S. KUMAR, V. SWAMINATHAN, A. GURUSAMY and P.M. SURESH .......... 683
Exogenous application of jasmonic acid enhances management of leaf folder & biocontrol services of entomophages in rice
¾ J. INDHUMATHI, N. MUTHUKRISHNAN, C. DURAIRAJ, N. THAVAPRAKAASH and R.P. SOUNDARARAJAN .......... 687

Mitigation of key sucking insect pests infesting okra by novel molecules & their subsequent effects on coccinellid predators
¾ PRANAY RAI and P.K. SARKAR .......... 693
Effect of soil properties and cropping system on nematode assemblages in Northern-Transition Zone of Karnataka
¾ KUMARI and S. LINGARAJU .......... 698
Morphology and biochemical parameters associated with powdery mildew resistance in mungbean
¾ P.V. SOUNDHIRIYAN, A. KAMALAKANNAN, P. JEYAKUMAR, V. PARANIDHARAN and T.K.S. LATHA .......... 704
Evaluation of mesta (H. sabdariffa) germplasm against foot and stem rot caused by Phytophthora parasitica var. sabdariffa
¾ SWATHI B., Y. RAJASEKHAR, N. HARI SATYANNARAYANA, J. JAGANNADHAM and P. AMARAJYOTHI .......... 710

Characteristics, classification and land capability evaluation of soils of Maili watershed of Hoshiarpur District of Punjab
¾ GAURAV ARORA, H.S. JASSAL and S.S. DHALIWAL .......... 713
Yield, nutrient uptake and agronomic fertilizer use efficiency of paprika (Capsicum annum L.) with different N and K
drip fertigation levels
¾ D. MOUNIKA, M. UMA DEVI, V. PRAVEEN RAO, K. AVIL KUMAR and B. NEERAJA PRABAKAR .......... 720
An assessment of water balances for Aji Basin using SWAT model
¾ N.S. VITHLANI and H.D. RANK .......... 726
Performance evaluation of manually operated mulch laying machine
¾ A.V. RANGBHAL, S.V. PATHAK, P.U. SHAHARE and J.S. DHEKALE .......... 731
Design, development and performance evaluation of manually operated two row trolley tomato transplanter
¾ KISHORSINH B. JHALA, PANKAJ V. THORAT and RAJESHKUMAR D. BANDHIYA .......... 739
Effect of different gamma irradiation dosage on shelf-life and quality of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Taiwan stored at
ambient temperature
¾ K. ARUNDATHI, VEENA JOSHI, M. SREEDHAR and D. VIJAYA .......... 745
Estimating women’s economic contribution through their unpaid work : The case of Ambo Town, Oromia Regional
State, Ethiopia
¾ MULUGETA TADESE .......... 750
Economic analysis of production of banana in Kaushambi District of U.P.
¾ RUCHI SHARMA, SANJAY KUMAR and DINESH KUMAR .......... 755
Costs and returns in broiler production in different size farm groups i n Delhi
¾ SAGAR CHAUHAN and SANJAY KUMAR .......... 759
Cost of production and profitability per litre of cow milk in Gautam Buddha Nagar district of Delhi-NCR
¾ TWINKLE THAPA and NAHAR SINGH .......... 763
Evolving Dissonance and Disillusionment in Indian Farming : An interpretation from post modernism perspective
¾ SAMARPAN CHAKRABORTY, C. YUVARAJ and S.K. ACHARYA .......... 766
Analysis of change in cropping system in Northern Transitional Zone of Dharwad District
¾ SOWMYA N. and S.L. PATIL .......... 772
Strategic Vision Message : 45
Sustaining the productivity of pulses through recent advances of innovative Plant Breeding
¾ Dr. M. PANDIYAN Back Inner Page
 Green Farming Vol. 9 (4) : 612-614 ; July-August, 2018 Research Paper

Genetic variability in Indian foxtail millet genetic resources

[Setaria italica (L.) Beauv]
a1* a2 b3
K. AMARNATH , A.V.S. DURGA PRASAD , C.V. CHANDRA MOHAN REDDY
c4
and K.N. SREENIVASULU
a c
Depatment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Deptt. of Statistics & Computer Applications, Agricultural College,
Mahanandi - 518 501, Dist. Kurnool (Andhra Pradesh)
b
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal - 518 503, Dist. Kurnool (Andhra Pradesh)

Received : 28 May 2018 ; Revised accepted : 16 July 2018

ABSTRACT

Field studies on 50 Indian foxtail millet genetic resources was conducted to estimate the extent of genetic variance,
heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance as per cent of mean for 12 metric traits. The analysis of variance revealed
existence of highly significant differences among the genetic resources for all the characters studied. The phenotypic
coefficient of variation (PCV) was greater than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters studied implying
that these characters were highly influenced by the environmental effects. High PCV and GCV values (>20%) was recorded
for number of productive tillers / plant and culm branches. High heritability (> 60%) coupled with high genetic advance as per
cent of mean was registered for culm branches, number of productive tillers / plant and grain yield / plant indicating that these
characters were governed by additive gene effects and may be chosen as selection criteria for formulating breeding
strategies in foxtail millet.

Key words : Foxtail millet, Genetic advance, Genetic variability, Heritability.

INTRODUCTION

Foxtail millet cultivation is fast re-expanding in the context
of climate changing scenario and food security concerns
across India. In our country, it is mainly grown in the semiarid
tracts of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil
Nadu, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and North
Eastern states. In Andhra Pradesh, this small millet being
-1
grown on an area of 51 k ha accounted for an average
-1
productivity of 945 kg ha (Annual Report, 2016-17). This crop
provides staple food with good supplementary nutrients and
proteins (Reddy et al., 2015). The grains of this millet are
enriched with quality protein (leucine and methionine), beta
carotene, minerals (Ca, Fe, k, Mg and Zn), antioxidants, dietary
fibre, phytochemicals and vitamins (B1, B2 and B3). Despite its
economic importance the crop, foxtail millet have received little
research attention in the past few years and continued to be a
neglected and underutilized crop (Upadhyaya et al., 2009)
owing to reported low or stagnating yields that are attributed
1 an attempt was made to analyze the magnitude of variation and
P.G. Student *(kolimigundlaamarnath.agri@gmail.com),
2 3 4 efficient breeding strategies in foxtail millet.
Asstt. Professor, Scientist, Asstt. Professor
largely to poor fertility of soils and non-adoption of improved
package of cultivation practices by farmers. Nevertheless, the
crop does have large hidden potential that could be tapped by
judicial blending of varietal production and protection
technologies. Hence , in the rapid climate changing scenario,
there is an urgent need to focus on this crop in improving the
yield levels on account of its amenability to climate resilient
agriculture and heavy market demand from health conscious
consumers.
For starting any crop improvement work, information about
the genetic variability available in the population is a prime
requisite (Reddy et al., 2013). Presence of high variability offers
much scope for crop improvement (Poehlman, 1987).
Knowledge on heritability and genetic advance of the character
indicate the scope for the important of a trait through selection.
Heritability estimates along with genetic advance are also
helpful in predicting the grain yield under selection. Therefore
genetic parameters in order to formulate selection indices for

31
613 Amarnath et al. Green Farming 9 (4)

35
MATERIALS AND METHODS 30
25
Out of 1037 foxtail millet germplasm collections maintained 15
at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal (A.P.), 50 10
Indian foxtail millet genetic resources were selected and grown 5
in a Randomized block design, replicated thrice during kharif, 0

Days to 50% flowering

Days to maturity

Plant height

Peduncle length

Penduncle exertion

Panicle length

Flag leaf blade length

Flag leaf blade width

Culm branches

No. of productive tillers / plant

1000 grain weight

Grain yield / plant

2017 in order to study the genetic parameters viz., variability,
heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean. The
experiment was laid at RARS, Nandyal. The net plot size was
2
3.0 x 1.5 m with a recommended spacing of 25 x 10 cm. The
data was collected on five randomly selected plants per genetic
resource in each replication for 12 metric traits (Table 1).
The various genetic parameters viz., phenotypic coefficient
of variance (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV),
heritability (h2) in broad sense and genetic advance as per cent Fig. 1. Genotypic and Phenotypic coefficient of
of mean was calculated as suggested by Burton and Devane variation for the characters studied
(1952). Lush (1949) and Johnson et al. (1955). The data
analysis was carried out with WINDOWSTAT 9.2 software. plant. The traits viz., days to 50% flowering (82.45%), days to
maturity 78.60%), peduncle length (66.40%), culm branches
Table 1. ANOVA for 12 metric traits in 50 Indian foxtail
(92.48%), productive tillers/plant (61.79%), 1000 grain weight
millet genetic resources
(87.77%) & grain yield/plant (67.79%) exhibited high heritability
Mean squares values indicating that these characters are least influenced by
Sr. Characters
Replications Genotypes Error environmental effect and selection may be rewarding.
No. (df:2) (df:49) (df:98) High heritability value alone provides no indication of the
1. Days to 50% flowering 3.02 35.96** 2.37 amount of genetic progress that would result from selection of
2. Days to maturity 4.53 37.07** 3.09 the better individuals. Heritability values coupled with genetic
3. Plant height 104.27 275.89** 69.31 advance are more reliable and useful genetic parameters in
4. Peduncle length 11.61 33.63** 4.83 predicting the genetic gain under selection than heritability
5. Peduncle exertion 4.61 24.15** 6.15
6. Panicle length 5.30 15.09** 4.97 estimates alone (Kundu et al., 2008). High heritability and high
7. Flag leaf blade length 21.33 23.88** 10.30 genetic advance as per cent of mean (Table 2 & Fig. 2) was
8. Flag leaf blade width 0.049 0.056** 0.019 reported for the traits culm branches, number of productive
9. Culm branches 0.002 2.39** 0.06 tillers/plant, peduncle exertion and grain yield / plant indicating
10. No. of productive tillers/plant 0.28 0.74** 0.12
the role of additive gene action in governing these traits and
11. 1000 grain weight 0.013 0.13** 0.00
12 Grain yield/plant 0.60 1.60** 0.21 direct selection would be rewarding for crop improvement.
Similar works were reported by Kavya et al. (2017) for culm
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 100
90
ANOVA (Table 1) for 12 metric characters revealed highly 80
significant differences among the Indian foxtail millet genetic 70
60
resources for all the characters under study, indicating
50
adequate genetic variability in the genetic resources. The 40
estimates of PCV was higher than GCV for all the characters 30
20
under study (Table 2 and Fig. 1) indicating that the characters 10
were less influenced by the environment. The characters 0
Days to 50% flowering

Days to maturity

Plant height

Peduncle length

Penduncle exertion

Panicle length

Flag leaf blade length

Flag leaf blade width

Culm branches

No. of productive tillers/plant

1000 grain weight

Grain yield / plant

number of productive tillers / plant (24.43 and 31.08) and culm

branches (29.37 and 30.54) registered higher GCV and PCV
(>20) values respectively indicating that these characters
contributed markedly to the total variability. Similar results were
reported by Mahanthesha et al. (2017) and Shingane et al.
(2017) for number of productive tillers / plant, Kavya et al.
(2017) for culm branches. Moderate (10-20) GCV and High
PCV (>20) was observed for the traits, peduncle exertion and
grain yield / plant as (16.11 and 17.81) and (22.94 and 21.62)
Fig. 2. Pattern of Heritability and Genetic advance as
estimates respectively. This result is in consonance with the
findings of Lakshmana and Guggari (2001) for grain yield /
per cent of mean for the analysed traits

32
July-August 2018 Genetic variability in Indian foxtail millet genetic resources 614

Table 2. Mean, Variability, Heritability, Genetic advance as per cent of mean in 50 Indian foxtail millet genetic resources
General PCV GCV Heritability Genetic Genetic advance
Characters Range
mean % % (%) advance as % of mean

Days to 50% flowering 49.08 30.66 - 54.66 7.50 6.81 82.45 6.26 12.75
Days to maturity 79.72 61.33 - 84.66 4.76 4.22 78.60 6.14 7.70
Plant height 131.87 101.73 - 153.53 8.91 6.29 49.84 12.06 9.15
Peduncle length 29.80 23.10 - 37.73 12.75 10.39 66.40 5.20 17.46
Peduncle exertion 15.19 9.76 - 23 22.94 16.11 49.94 3.54 23.32
Panicle length 18.07 10.54 - 22.10 15.99 10.16 40.38 2.40 13.30
Flag leaf blade length 32.19 25.60 - 37.80 11.96 6.60 30.45 2.42 7.52
Flag leaf blade width 1.86 1.29 - 2.14 9.52 5.96 39.19 0.14 7.68
Culm branches 3.03 1.53- 5.26 30.54 29.37 92.48 1.74 58.16
No. of productive tillers / plant 1.85 0.60 - 2.86 31.08 24.43 61.79 0.73 39.57
1000 Grain weight 2.60 2.00 - 2.93 8.33 7.80 87.77 0.39 15.06
Grain yield / plant 3.81 1.94 - 5.82 21.62 17.81 67.79 1.15 30.24

branches, grain yield / plant and Nirubana et al. (2017) for grain
yield / plant, number of productive tillers/plant.
CONCLUSION
An analysis of genetic parameters revealed that the
estimates of PCV were slightly higher than the corresponding
GCV values for all the characters studied indicating that the
characters were less influenced by the environment and
thereby offering ample scope for improvement of the traits
through simple phenotypic selection. High heritability coupled
with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed
for the traits culm branches, number of productive tillers / plant,
peduncle exertion and grain yield / plant indicating the role of
additive gene action in governing these traits and direct
selection would be rewarding for crop improvement. It was also
observed that the traits culm branches and number of
productive tillers / plant possessed higher estimates of GCV,
PCV, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean
implying that these traits were predominantly under the control
of additive gene action and genetic improvement can be
achieved through simple selection for these traits.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors thank Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural
University for providing financial assistance and support in the
conduct of experiment at RARS, Nandyal, A.P.
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33 Green Farming