LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES

LAB NO. 4 28/10/22

LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF A DC SHUNT WOUND

GENERATOR.
Lab Outcomes:

After completing this lab, students will be able to;

 Demonstrate the operating characteristic of a DC shunt wound generator under no-
load condition.
Corresponding CLO and PLO

 CLO-1, PLO-5 (Modern Tool Usage)

Equipment:

 DC Permanent-magnet Machine
 DC Compound Wound Machine or DC Multifunction Machine
 DC Power Supply Module
 Three-phase Power Supply Module
 Three-pole Current Limit Protection Switch Module
 DC Generator Field Regulator
 DC Generator Load Resistor
 Digital DCA Meter
 Digital DCV Meter
 Digital RPM Meter or Magnetic Powder Brake Unit
Brake Controller
 Laboratory Table
 Experimental Frame
 Connecting Leads Holder
 Coupling
 Coupling Guard
 Shaft End Guard
 Connecting Leads Set
 Safety Bridging Plugs Set

NOTE:
Though the Multifunction Machine can be used as series, shunt and compound wound
machine it is inferior to individual machine in characteristics.
 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES

Theory:

In a shunt generator, the field winding is connected in parallel with the armature winding so
that terminal voltage of the generator is applied across it. The shunt field winding has many
turns of fine wire having high resistance. Therefore, only a part of armature current flows
through shunt field winding and the rest flows through the load.
In a DC shunt generator, on no-load the terminal p.d. is equal to the no load induced e.m.f. E.
When the armature delivers current, i.e. the generator is loaded:
a) The induced e.m.f. decreases because the armature reaction reduces the flux per pole.
b) V becomes less than E because of the voltage drop IaRa, where Ra is the total resistance of
the armature circuit.
The graph of induced e.m.f. against armature current is the internal characteristic, and the
graph of terminal voltage against load current is the external characteristic, or voltage
characteristic. When the load current Io progressively increased (by reducing the load
resistance), at first the tendency of decreased resistance to increase the current is greater than
the tendency of the armature reaction and the voltage drop to reduced terminal potential
Difference and therefore, the current.
In a shunt generator, Ia=Io+If , where, Ia is armature current, Io is the load current and If = Ish
shunt field current and Eo=Vo+ IaRa, Eo=induced e.m.f. in armature, Vo=Terminal voltage,
Ra=armature winding resistance. Thus , once the external characteristic of the shunt generator
is known, the internal characteristic can be determined. The value of Ra can be found out
conventionally by the voltage drop method. Circuit diagram for DC shunt generator is shown
in Figure given below.

Fig. 4-1. Circuit diagram for DC shunt wound Generator with load
NOTE:
Though the Multifunction Machine can be used as series, shunt and compound wound
machine it is inferior to individual machine in characteristics.
 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES

Procedure:

CAUTION: High voltages are present in this laboratory exercise! Don’t make or modify any
connections with the power on unless otherwise specified! If any danger occurs, immediately
press the red Emergency power OFF button on the Three-phase Power Supply Module.
 Mechanically couple the DC Magnet Machine to the DC Shunt Wound Machine and
the Digital RPM Meter using the Couplings. Securely lock the Machine Bases together
using the delta screws.
 Construct the circuit in accordance with the circuit diagram in Fig. 4-2 and the
connection diagram in Fig. 4-3.
 Set the V.adj knob on the DC Power Supply Module to the min. position, the Ω knob
on the DC Generator Field Regulator to the 2200 Ω position and the Ω knob on the DC
Generator Field Regulator to the 1000 Ω position
 Sequentially turn on the 3-P Current Limit Protection Switch, Three-phase Power
Supply, and DC Power Supply Modules. Then Press the start button on the DC Power
Supply Module.

 On the DC Power Supply Module, slowly turn the V.adj knob on DC Power Supply
Module so that the motor rotates at the rated speed of 2,000 rpm. Keep this speed
through this laboratory exercise.

 On the DC Generator Field, turn the Ω knob and set the field current Ir to 0.1A. Record
the values of the field current I, and the generator output voltage Eo in Table 4-1. If the
generator rotor is locked by a heavy load, decrease the load and terminate experiment.

 Sequentially turn off the DC Power Supply, Three-phase Power Supply, and 3-P
Current Limit Protection Switch Modules.
 The implementation of the procedure is shown below.

FIGURE: (Hardware Implementation)

LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES

AC 3ø 220V/(50Hz)

EM-3330-lA EM-3330-1D
DC PERMANENT MAGNET MACHINE DC SHUNT WOUND MACHINE

Fig. 4-2 Circuit diagram for load characteristic test

LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES

Fig. 4-3 Connection diagram for load characteristic test

 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES

Experimental Results:
Table 4-1 (Measured values)
Ir (A) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ia(A) 0.31 0.41 0.51 0.61 0.71 0.81 0.91 1 1.11 1.21
Eo(V) 213 207 199 193 183 175 166 152 140 114
Io (A) 0.21 0.31 0.41 0.51 0.61 0.71 0.81 0.91 1.01 1.11
Po 44.73 64.17 81.59 98.43 111.63 124.25 134.46 136.4 141.4 126.54
(W)

GRAPH 4-1: The graph between Eo and Ia

 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES

GRAPH 4-2: The graph between Po vs Ia

Observations:

In this lab we studied the load characteristic of DC shunt Generator. We observed and
measured the generator generated and output voltage.We started at full field regulator
resistance and load to observe its generated emf. Then it was decreased step by step to read
different values of the emf by changing its armature current. It was observed that emf was
decreased as load current increased and power increased with increasing load current. For
further understanding we plotted graph and observed their characteristics.
 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES

Rubrics

Absent Student is Student can Student has Student has Student

unable to understand followed constructed perfectly
follow the the provided instructions the implemented
provided laboratory to construct functional/ a working
instructions instructions the working model/ logic/
properly. and familiar fundamental schematic/ circuit/ block
The student with the lab schematic/ model/ block diagram/ code
can name the environment block diagram/ and
hardware or (Trainer/ diagram/ code, and successfully
Demonstration
simulation software/ code/ model have executed the
platform, but IDE), but on the successfully lab objective
unable to cannot protoboard/ executed the in Realtime or
implement implement trainer/ program/ run in a
anything on the simulation circuit on simulation
practically or platform software. software environment
on the practically platform and produced
software or on the the desired
software results
Category Ungraded Very Poor Poor Fair Good Excellent
Percentage [0] [1-20] [21-40] [41-60] [61-80] [81-100]
Marks 0.0 0.01 - 0.20 0.21 - 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.80 0.81 - 1.0

Date Total Marks Instructor’s Signature

Report not Plagiarized Requirements Observations Appropriate Correctly

submitted content are listed and are recorded computations drawn
presented or experimental along with or numerical conclusion
Laboratory incomplete procedure is detailed analysis is with
Reports submission presented procedure performed exact results
and complete
report in all
respects
Category Ungraded Very Poor Poor Fair Good Excellent
Percentage [0] [1-20] [21-40] [41-60] [61-80] [81-100]
Marks 0.0 0.01 - 0.20 0.21 - 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.80 0.81 - 1.0

Date Total Marks Instructor’s Signature

 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES

LAB NO. 5 31/10/22

LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF A DC SERIES WOUND

GENERATOR.
Lab Outcomes:

After completing this lab, students will be able to

 Demonstrate the operating characteristic of a DC series wound generator under load

condition.

Corresponding CLO and PLO:

 CLO-1, PLO-5 (Modern Tool Usage)

Equipment:

 DC Permanent-magnet Machine
 DC Compound Wound Machine or DC Multifunction Machine
 DC Power Supply Module
 Three-phase Power Supply Module
 Three-pole Current Limit Protection Switch Module
 DC Generator Field Regulator
 DC Generator Load Resistor
 Digital DCA Meter
 Digital DCV Meter
 Digital RPM Meter or Magnetic Powder Brake Unit
Brake Controller
 Laboratory Table
 Experimental Frame
 Connecting Leads Holder
 Coupling
 Coupling Guard
 Shaft End Guard
 Connecting Leads Set
 Safety Bridging Plugs Set
 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES

NOTE:
Though the Multifunction Machine can be used as series, shunt and compound wound
machine it is inferior to individual machine in characteristics.
Theory:

A DC series generator is a self-exciting type of machine, and it can do so only if the load
circuit is closed. In the generator the induced or generated e.m.f. E=kΦN=k’Ia, if N is
constant. Terminal voltage, V=E-Ia(Ra+Rse), where Ra is armature resistance and Rse=series
field resistance. Therefore V~ K/ Ia, provided Ra and Rse are small. Thus the relationship
between V and Ia will exhibit a nearly linear relation at smaller load till the onset of armature
reaction. The plot V vs Ia gives external characteristic and that between E and Ia gives the
internal characteristic of the series generator. It will be noted that the generator has rising
voltage characteristic, i.e. with increase in loads, voltage also increases. But at high loads, the
voltage starts decreasing due to excessive demagnetizing effects of armature reaction. In fact
external voltage starts decreasing as the load current is increased. The internal characteristic
can be determined adding Ia(Ra+Rse) with the external characteristic.
After this short introduction to Series DC Generator, let’s turn to more important matters now
and discuss the parts and working principle of DC series Generator so that you can make an
informed choice based on the requirements and conditions.

Fig. 5-1. Circuit diagram for series wound Generator with load connected
Procedure:

CAUTION: High voltages are present in this laboratory exercise! Don’t make or modify any
connections with the power on unless otherwise specified! If any danger occurs, immediately
press the red Emergency power OFF button on the Three-phase Power Supply Module.
 Mechanically couple the DC -Magnet (PM) Machine to the DC Shunt Wound
Machine and the Digital RPM Meter using the Couplings. Securely lock the Machine
Bases together using the delta screws. Install the Coupling Guards and the Shaft End
Guard.
LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES

 Construct the circuit in accordance with the circuit diagram in Fig. 5-2 and the
connection diagram in Fig. 5-3.

 Set the V.adj knob on the DC Power Supply Module to the min. position. Set the Ω
knob on the DC Generator Load Resistor to the 1000 Ω position.

 Sequentially turn on the 3-P Current Limit Protection Switch, Three-phase Power
Supply, and DC Power Supply Modules.

 Then start DC Power Supply Module. On the DC Generator Load Resistor, set the
FAN switch to the ON position.

 On the DC Power Supply Module, slowly turn the V.adj knob to increase the motor
voltage until the PM motor operates at the rated speed of 2,000 rpm. This speed must
be maintained in the laboratory exercise.

 Adjust the Ω knob on the DC Generator Load Resistor and set the generator output
current Io =0.01A. Record the generator output voltage Eo and the generator load
resister Io in Table 5-1. If the generator rotor is locked by a heavy load, decrease the
load and terminate the experiment.

 Sequentially turn off the DC Power Supply, Three-phase Power: Supply, and 3-P
Current Limit Protection Switch Modules.
 Calculate the generator output power Po using the equations Po=Io.Eo.
 The implementation of the procedure is shown below.

FIGURE: (Hardware Implementation)

 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES

AC 3ø 220V/60Hz(50Hz)

EM-3330-1A EM-3330-lE
DC PERMANENT MAGNET MACHINE DC SERIES WOUND MACHINE

Fig. 5-2 Circuit diagram for load characteristic test

LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES

Fig. 5-3 Connection diagram for load characteristic test

 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES

Experimental Results:
Table 5-1 (Measured values)
Io (A) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Eo(V) 52 88 107 121 130 136 139
Vo (V) 50 85 102 114 121 125 126
Po (W) 10 34 61.2 91.2 121 150 176.4

GRAPH 5-1: The Vo vs Io curve

 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES

GRAPH 5-2: The Eavs Io curve

Observations:

In this lab we studied load characteristic of DC series Generator. We observed and measured
the generator generated and output voltage at full load. We decrease the load and measured
different values of voltages.
 LAB MANUAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES

Rubrics

Absent Student is Student can Student has Student has Student

unable to understand followed constructed perfectly
follow the the provided instructions the implemented
provided laboratory to construct functional/ a working
instructions instructions the working model/ logic/
properly. and familiar fundamental schematic/ circuit/ block
The student with the lab schematic/ model/ block diagram/ code
can name the environment block diagram/ and
hardware or (Trainer/ diagram/ code, and successfully
Demonstration
simulation software/ code/ model have executed the
platform, but IDE), but on the successfully lab objective
unable to cannot protoboard/ executed the in Realtime or
implement implement trainer/ program/ run in a
anything on the simulation circuit on simulation
practically or platform software. software environment
on the practically platform and produced
software or on the the desired
software results
Category Ungraded Very Poor Poor Fair Good Excellent
Percentage [0] [1-20] [21-40] [41-60] [61-80] [81-100]
Marks 0.0 0.01 - 0.20 0.21 - 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.80 0.81 - 1.0

Date Total Marks Instructor’s Signature

Report not Plagiarized Requirements Observations Appropriate Correctly

submitted content are listed and are recorded computations drawn
presented or experimental along with or numerical conclusion
Laboratory incomplete procedure is detailed analysis is with
Reports submission presented procedure performed exact results
and complete
report in all
respects
Category Ungraded Very Poor Poor Fair Good Excellent
Percentage [0] [1-20] [21-40] [41-60] [61-80] [81-100]
Marks 0.0 0.01 - 0.20 0.21 - 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.80 0.81 - 1.0

Date Total Marks Instructor’s Signature