were very sensitive to surges, sudden
changes or noise in the power supply
STUDENTS:
Julian Isaac Gutierrez Adame
Jarli Misael Kantun Canche
Kevin Alexander España Medina
Yucatan Polytechnic University
Electronic Drawing
Embedded Systems
Voltage Source Report
Through this practice is intended to know
the operation of a source, in this case
fixed which is as initially connected to a
transformer with which we can get three
types of fixed voltage outputs which are
very helpful in different practices, in this
case the source can not vary the voltage
is why it gives three types of output
voltages, these voltages are the most
used in practices, taking into account as
the main element to the transformer which
as a result will distribute to the different
voltage outputs.
1 INTRODUCTION
In the present document we will deal with
the power supply. We can define the
power supply as an electronic device that
modifies the electricity that converts the
alternating voltage into a direct voltage.
Going back in history we will describe that
in the industry there was no electrical
equipment, then they began to introduce
electrical devices not very sophisticated so
they were not very sensitive to surges,
then came the most modern equipment
that needed low voltages and therefore
voltages, so the construction of power
supplies that provide sufficient voltage for
these devices and that guarantee the
stability of the voltage entering the
equipment has been initiated.
CONTENTS MaterialsTransformer:
primary 110VAC, secondary=
12-0-12VAC2 Electrolytic capacitors of
2200 uF at 25 V2 Ceramic capacitors of
0.1 uF1 Rectifier bridge of 3A1 Regulator
7805 (5V/1A).
1 Regulator 7812 (12V/1A)1 Regulator
LM337 (-12V/1A) and LM317 4 Two-pin
terminal blocks1 Three-pin terminal
blockPlug-in power cable2 3x15 millimeter
screws with nut1 Toggle switch4 Female
banana plugs2 Male banana plugsGlass
case height 13.5, front width 21. 5 and
side width 11.51 Printed circuit board
Ferric acids1 Photographic
paperFlexFoamPolishDyeing ironCommon
detergentDrillDrills1mm drill bitsCautinTin
Soldering paste.The transformer: For The
transformer is a device that is in charge of
"transforming" the voltage of alternating
current that it has at its input into another
different amplitude, which it delivers to its
output. 7812-7912 regulators: For a 7812
regulator is a voltage regulator +/- is
available with various output ratings
making them useful in a wide range of
applications, for these functions it is
required that a voltage greater than 3V is
input.

while those of the 79xx family are for
negative voltages.
Rectifier bridge: For A diode rectifier
bridge, also called a rectifier bridge or
diode bridge, is a device consisting of four
diodes assembled in such a way that an
alternating current (AC) connected to two
of the diodes produces a direct current
(DC) output in the remaining two diodes.
It is an electrical component used in many
industrial and domestic appliances, e.g.
cell phone chargers. To make DC
appliances work with an AC supply it is
necessary to rectify the alternating polarity
of the AC current and produce a current
with stable polarity. Without this
rectification, the AC current could cause
serious damage to the appliance. In most
devices rectification is achieved with a
diode bridge or a "voltage inverter".
Theoretical operation of the source
This circuit the fundamental thing is the
regulators which are used 3 of them to
send fixed voltages in this case we have 2
voltages of positive exit as it is of 12V, 5V
and a voltage of negative exit of -12V, to
these voltages corresponds the regulator
of 7812, 7912, 7805, which we will explain
the function that they fulfill next: The 7812
regulator like the devices has only three
terminals, one corresponds to the
noregulated voltage input, another is the
regulated output and the resistor is the
ground, common to both. As for the
encapsulation, it should be clarified that,
although they are available in various
types, they are usually found in the
TO-220 type encapsulation, corresponding
to an output current of 1 Ampere. As for
the input voltage, it can be seen that it is
of a very wide range. For example, if the
regulator chosen is a 12 volt regulator
(LM7812), the input voltage can be
between 15 and 39 volts. The 7912
regulator is a series analogous to the
LM78XX, with similar characteristics,
whose output voltages are negative with
respect to ground. This series is the 79XX
in this case (7912). Where again the X's
are replaced by the above mentioned
values. The characteristics of this series
are similar to the previous one in terms of
load and line regulation, ripple rejection
and output current. The only difference,
besides of course being negative voltage
regulators, is in the pin layout in the
package. Through the combination of both
series it is perfectly feasible to design a
symmetrical voltage source in combination
with the 7812 regulator, thus obtaining a
symmetrical source with the
characteristics of the previous single
source. It is necessary to clarify that,
although it is not convenient, the output
voltages of the positive and negative
regulator do not have to be the same.
However, it is recommended that they
should not be too different from each
other.
It is necessary to take into account the
need to place a heat sink, this will depend
on the power to be dissipated by the
device, i.e. the voltage difference between
input and output, multiplied by the current
it delivers, and it should also be noted that
the regulators do not work if the voltage is
not higher than 3V. The capacitors added
to the input of the regulator, filter the
voltage of possible transients and
undesirable peaks, while the capacitors
located at the output, decreases the ripple
voltage of the output, while avoiding
oscillations.
PROCEDURE
IroningOnce the PCB schematic is ready,
it is printed on photographic paper on a
printer at laser with which we place on the
bakelite applying it with a little steam with
which we help us with an iron, we must
take into account all the corners to be
applied the necessary heat.
Drilling
After having finished the washing in ferric
acid we proceed to clean the rear part
where the ways are, we apply dye to
remove all the dyeing of the copper. The
front part should only be washed with
common detergent because if we apply
the dye, the dye would come out. Then,
we proceed to make the holes of the
implements with the drill, taking into
account that for the switches we should
use a 3mm drill bit and for the rest of the
implements a 1mm drill bit.
transformer inside the glass box lacual will
work as protective container, also we
place the connectors of banana and the
switch in the front side of the box, the
finished plate and placed in the glass box
we will be of the following form:
We managed to apply the knowledge
about the rectification of external current
signals for its application in regulator
circuits with which I obtain direct current
signals.fixed regulated sources regulate a
fixed value of voltage established by
manufacture.in this practical work we
learned how integrated regulated sources
work, for this we use the 78L05 that
regulates to 5V which is part of the family
of positive voltage regulators.

Welding
After having drilled all the holes
corresponding to the implements, we
proceed to clean the copper side with a
rake to clean plates to remove the copper
imperfections. We proceed to place each
one of the elements and solder them to
the bakelite applying tin.

Operation
After terminal the plate we proceed to
approve that it works.when connecting the
source we obtain that its operation is
correct getting to obtain three types of
output voltages which are 5V, 12V, -12V
and additionally an output to ground is
placed.

Finished Once finished the whole process

and returning to clean with a rake
paralimpiar plates, since it can exist
tinobrante which could arrive to make
short circuit, we place the plate next to the