Types of

Communication
According to channels used:
1. Verbal Communication
A form of communication in which
message is transmitted verbally;
Communication is done by word of
mouth and a piece of writing;
It can be subdivided into two: Oral
Communication & Written
Communication
1.1 Oral Communication
Spoken words are used;
It includes face-to-face
conversations, speech, telephonic
conversation, video, radio,
television, voice over the internet;
Communication is influence by
pitch, volume, speed and clarity of
speaking.
1.2 Written Communication
Written signs or symbols are used;
It can be printed or hand written;
It can be transmitted via email,
letter, report, memo, etc.
Communication is influence by the
vocabulary and grammar used,
writing style, precision and clarity of
the language used.
2. Non-verbal Communication
It is the sending or receiving of
wordless messages;
Gesture, body language, posture,
facial expressions;
It is all about the body language of
the speaker;
It has three elements (appearance,
body language, sounds)
Based on purpose and style:
1. Formal Communication
 Mostly takes place in professional
settings (corporate meetings,
conferences, academic seminars,
political sessions);
 The primary purpose is information
dissemination to concerning parties
that are involved in certain types of
official business.
2. Informal Communication
 The most commonly used form of
communication;
 It takes place in our daily
interaction with one another;
 It happens in ordinary settings
between friends, family,
classmates;
 It is a casual talk.
MESSAGES
 Any form of communication
(information, feelings and ideas)
passed or transmitted using a
channel.
 A collection of symbols
8 ELEMENTS
that constitute the
creation of a
message
SOURCE
 It is where the message came from; it
can be a person or an organization.

ENCODING
 The process by which a message is
translated so it can be transmitted and
communicated to another party.
 This is how you compose your sentence
as you communicate.
TRANSMITTING
 It is the actual act of sending the
message.
 It can be through the person’s vocal
cords and facial muscles with hand
gestures if we mean the act of
speaking.
CHANNELS
 The lines that enable the act of sending
or transmitting (telephone, internet for
voice operated applications, radio and
television, or the print media)

DECODING
 The process by which the receiver
translates the source’s thoughts and
ideas so they can have meaning.
RECEIVER
 The one who gets the message
that was transmitted through the
channels.

FEEDBACK
 The response generated by the
message that was sent to the
receiver; it can be immediate or
delayed.
 NOISE
INTERFERENCE
 Interference is known as noise
(“choppy”).
I. TRANSMISSION MODELS
 This model is relatively
straightforward and tells you that
communication originates from
someone and their message flows
through a channel, either through
sound waves or light waves, and
that someone on the other end
receives the message with a
corresponding effect
This model incorporates the concept of noise
that refers to anything that interferes with the
message.
They argued that instead of having a sender
merely relaying messages, you have a
communicator who relays his or her account of
a selection of events or views/voices in society.
 II. RITUAL OR
EXPRESSIVE MODEL
 Communication happens due to the
need to share understanding and
emotions;
 It is done to build a social
relationship.
III. PUBLICITY MODEL
 This model explains that
communication involves audiences
as “spectators rather than
participant or information
receivers”.
 Attention is important because it is
a measure of how successful the
communication has transpired.
IV. RECEPTION MODEL
 Communication as an open process,
which means that messages sent and
received are open to various
interpretations based on context and
the culture of the receiver.
 It is not just about saying the message
but also considering how the message
may be received because of factors
that may influence reception.
 Which among these
models do you think
describes your
communication habits or
patterns the most? Why do
you say so?
MEDIA MODALITY
It refers to the nature of message,
whether it is relayed using text,
audio, video, graphics, animation
or a combination of any of these
things.
MEDIA FORMAT
 It is the way the data is arranged.
 The data or message may be
transmitted through radio waves
(for audio) and light waves for other
modalities.
MASS MEDIA FORM
It refers to the particular media
technology to which the message is
transmitted.
Categories of
Media
 CATEGORY EXAMPLES
MODALITY Text, audio, video,
graphics, animation
FORMAT Digital or Analog
WAY OF Electromagnetic or
TRANSMITTING radio waves, light
waves
MASS MEDIA TV, radio, print,
FORM internet, telephone or
mobile
LITERACY
The ability to identify, understand,
interpret, create, communicate and
compute, using printed and written
materials associated with varying
contexts.
MEDIA
 The physical objects used to
communicate with, or the mass
communication through physical
objects such as radio, television,
computers, film, etc.
MEDIA LITERACY
The ability to access, analyze,
evaluate, and create media in a
variety of forms including print and
non-print messages;
INFORMATION
A broad term that covers
processed data, knowledge
derived from study, experience,
instruction, signals or symbols.
INFORMATION LITERACY
The ability to recognize when
information is needed, and to locate,
evaluate, and use the needed
information effectively
TECHNOLOGY LITERACY
The ability of an individual, either
working independently or with
others, to responsibly, appropriately,
and effectively use technological
tools.
 Role of Media
and Information
in Effective
Communication
1) It makes the world a smaller
place;
2) It makes communication
convenient;
3) It shapes public opinion
Purposes of producers &
users of media:
 To inform  To advocate
 To educate  To entertain
 To promote  To increase
business network