TRANSITION FROM MODULAR TO FACE-TO-FACE CLASS:

AN ASSESSMENT IN READING OF GRADE 3

PUPILS AT MINTAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

A Thesis
Presented to the
Faculty of the Education Department
HOLY CHILD College of Davao
Davao City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Elementary Education-Generalist

JEANNEY PURL YLAGAN NAILA

KAYZEE LOU TRAYA GENODIALA
MARLON PASCUAL JAUGAN JR.
LUMAMBAI TIAKAP PAKEL

JUNE 2023

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION
 Teaching beginning reading is one of the problems that modern teachers are

facing due to modular distance learning which require limited to no teacher learner

interaction. Since there was a sudden transition from module learning to face to face

classes, the elementary students who were used to distant modular learning are

having difficulty too with adjusting to the current face to face classes especially when

it comes to reading comprehension Due to this the researchers decided to choose

this specific study to find the impact of the Modular Distance Learning on the

teaching learning process of the beginning readers. Therefore, The Reading skills

and comprehension will now be the main emphasis of this study.

We the researchers are motivated to conduct this study since it is part of our

duty and responsibility as future educators to assess concerns in education that are

related to the learning difficulties of elementary pupil’s especially learning difficulties

in terms of reading comprehension and skills as learning difficulties are one of the

biggest concern in education currently since most of the elementary pupils who have

recently used to remote learning during the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic, has

experienced learning difficulties during the sudden transition from modular learning

to face to face classes and for that reason , we the researchers are motivated on

conducting this study.

Reading is a difficult task. Reading is a skill that can give wide opportunity to

those who learned it. This study is timely since there are observed instances that

during the implementation of modular class, most of the students have changed their

study habit. During the earlier onset of pandemic, studies have been conducted to

determine the student’s ability to read and write. Further, reading being taught to the

students is a challenging task to a teacher or even with the parent. Moreover, now

that the online classes and modular engagement is the latest trend.
 The Reading Systems Framework (RSF) (Perfetti & Stafura, 2014) is such a

framework. According to the RSF, comprehension requires two main subprocesses:

word identification and word-to-text integration. Word identification refers to the

process of converting letters into sounds, combining these sounds into words, and

assigning meaning to the words being read. Smith, & Simmons, 2016) have been

consistent in their findings. These models indicate that vocabulary, both directly and

indirectly, is consistently the strongest predictor of reading comprehension for

younger adolescents. Furthermore, these models also demonstrated that, although

not as strong as vocabulary, inference-making and background knowledge also had

strong direct and indirect effects on comprehension. As students get older,

inference-making plays a stronger direct role in comprehension than vocabulary.

The implementation of this switch from face-to-face to distant learning was

similarly fraught with difficulties. The start of classes had already been postponed

twice to give schools plenty of time to get ready for this change. Many students and

teachers still found it difficult to keep up with the distance learning preparations

despite the delays.

Furthermore, the study of Perez (2020) mentioned that the teachers are

concerned that some students won’t benefit from modular distance learning

because, in addition to the fact that they are unable to read and comprehend on their

own, their parents are also unable to guide them especially that they also have

limited capability as to reading is concern. The challenges of the transition are also

making it more difficult for the teachers to evaluate most Elementary children reading

comprehension in schools.

Although many studies conducted as previously , but this study is timely

because despite the fact that we used a quantitative approach for this study ,various
sources, procedures and ideas were used just to formulate the main idea and goals

of this study as before the researchers finally came up with the main and final goal of

this study , it had gone through a lot of revisions starting from the idea and concept

of this study which came from coping mechanism of the student to reading difficulties

and this process has also undergone through a lot of changes of any sort and

another thing that makes this study unique as well is that some of its contents and

ideas are purely from the researchers with some of it borrowed from the instructor.

This is what makes our study unique from any studies that were conducted

previously.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Reading comprehension is influenced significantly by a student’s level of word

knowledge as well as the ability to decode words in print. It means that the ability

takes a part in reading comprehension skill. Reading comprehension is understands

a text that is read. The comprehension refers to the ability. Reading comprehension

is ability to read and understand the meaning and all of information about the text

which is read (Kelner & Flynn: 2006).

Reading difficulties are the principal causes of failure in school (Solomon,

2015). It was cited by Dadzie (2008), between 10 per cent and 15 per cent of school-

going learners have reading difficulties. Teachers should be in a position to identify

pupil’s problem including those related to reading from a holistic point of view in

order to help such a learner manage academically in school. Eyre (2005) also notes

that teachers should identify children with reading problems early and provide them

with appropriate early interventions rather than practicing the policy of wait and fail

method (Eyre, 2006).

 The study of Kim (2011), state that the ability to read fluently is vital both in

school and for life. Good reading skills will improve performance in all school

subjects. Reading helps in information gathering and learning of concepts. Through

reading, the learner is exposed to new vocabulary, new sentence structures and

different registers. Reading also acquaints the learner with good models of language

use. A good foundation of reading should be laid in Form One. This is because

reading is a very important component of language learning. It will also help in the

study of all other subjects.

Research Objectives

The research study will focus on assessing of the capability of reading in

terms of Visual skills and reading sight words, understanding words, and

pronunciation of words.

1. To determine the demographic profile of the respondent in terms of:

1.1 Sex

1.2 Age

2. determine the capability of Grade 3 pupils of Mintal Elementary School in

terms of:

2.1 Visual skills and sight words

2.2 Understanding words

2.3 Pronunciation of words

3. Is there a significant difference of transition from modular to face-to-face class

and assessment in a reading?

Hypothesis
 Is there a significant difference among the transition of modular to face-to-face

class and the assessment in reading of Grade 3 pupils at Mintal Elementary School.

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored on the Bottom-up model popularized by Stanovich

(1980) that describes reading as a strategy for training students to be proficient in

the reading skills necessary for literacy. Moreover, it was mentioned by Perfetti &

Stafura, (2014) word identification is the process of breaking down letters into

sounds, putting these sounds together to form words, and giving the words you're

reading meaning.

In addition, this study also adopted the Top-down Model introduce by Richard

Gregory (1970), state that we must use our existing knowledge and experiences in

addition to our senses to make assumptions about the meanings of new information.

Smith and Simmons (2016) found reasonably consistent results. These models show

that vocabulary is consistently the strongest predictor of reading comprehension for

younger adolescents, both directly and indirectly.

Conceptual Framework

The independent variable in this study is transition from modular to face-to-

face class. Independent variable indicated by Grade 3 pupils at Mintal Elementary

School. Dependent variable is an assessment in Reading of students in terms of the

following:
 Figure 1.

Conceptual Framework of the study

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Significance of the study

The result of this study would be beneficial to the following:

Teachers- This study may help them to know the capability of their pupils in reading.

Also, this study will serve as their guide to make a new strategy or plan in this new

normal.

Students- This study will help them to determine their reading capacity. It will

help them also to know how they understand the word and how they pronounce the

word.

Future Researcher- This study is indispensable to better understand the

significant relationship between the transition from modular to face-to-face class and

assessment in reading at public elementary school. This study may also encourage
other researchers to determine what factors that would happen why the students

have problem in reading.

Definition of Terms

To make this research more comprehensive to the readers, the following

terms are operationally and conceptually defined.

Transition- This refers a sudden change of a certain situation like from modular to

face-to-face class.

Assessment- This refers to a scientific judgement conducted by the researchers on

the reading skills of Grade 3 pupils.

Chapter 2
 METHOD

This portion offers an overview about the research design, research

instrument, research respondents, locale of the study, data gathering procedures

and statistical tools.

Research Design

The researcher employs descriptive quantitative study as the process of

collecting and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to find patterns and

averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to:

wider populations (Bhandari, 2020). Furthermore, the study wanted to employ

random sampling to the specific participants. It is the overall plan for connecting the

conceptual research problems with the pertinent (and achievable) empirical

research. In other words, the research design sets the procedure on the required

data, the methods to be applied to collect and analyze this data, and how all of this is

going to answer the research question (Grey, 2014). The study by Mccombes (2019)

defines descriptive correctional as a study design that measures the relationship

between two variables for which the researcher does not control for one of them. It is

an appropriate choice when the research aim is to identify characteristics,

frequencies, trends, and categories.

It is important because it helps to get maximum efficiency and reliability.

Structured tools such as surveys, polls, or questionnaires are used to gather

quantitative data. Using such structured methods helps in collecting in dept and

actionable data from the survey respondents. It is conducted on a significant sample

size that represents the target market. Appropriate sampling methods have to be

used when deriving the sample to fortify the research objective.

Research Instrument

Instrument to be used in this paper must be appropriate to the study, valid,

and reliable.

Table 1.

The 5-Likert Scale used for transition of modular to face-to-face class and the

assessment in reading.

Range of Descriptive
Scale Verbal Interpretation
Mean Equivalents

4.21-5.00 Strongly This shows the respondent highly agrees

5
Agree with the statements given.

3.41-4.20 Agree This shows that the respondents agreed

4
with given statements.

2.61-3.40 Undecided This shows the respondent most likely in

3
disagreement but less likely agreement.

1.81-2.60 Disagree This means the respondents did not agree

2
with the statement given.

1.00-1.80 Strongly This indicates that the respondent highly

1
Disagree disagreed with the statements given.

Research Respondents

Sampling involves the study of a few representative units of the whole. In this

study, to have maximum representation and consistency the researchers adopted

the census method. The chance of conducting random sampling will be reduced by

considering the population itself. Based on the record presented by one of the

teachers at the said school there are 646 currently enrolled pupils in Grade levels.

Using the Slovin calculations, the participants of the study will be the 242

pupils of Mintal Elementary School.

Research Locale

The study will be conducted at the 3rd Congressional District of Davao City,

specifically at No. 60 Sampaguita Street, Mintal, Tugbok District, Davao City,

Southern Philippines.

Figure 2.

Site Location of Mintal

Data Gathering

Procedure

The data were gathered through the following procedures: The researchers

made a concept paper and recheck by the adviser. After checking the concept

paper, the researchers chose the best title. The researchers made a first draft and
sent it to the adviser. A letter of permission was secured to conduct the study for the

transition from modular to face-to-face classes: an assessment in reading. Upon

approval, the researchers prepared the letter, addressed as follows: Principal of the

school where the researchers’ conducted letters to the Department of Education,

college dean, and senior vice president for academic respondents of the research

adviser.

The researchers modified the questionnaire intended for the end variable. The

adviser received the questionnaire before it was produced for validation. Then,

researchers submitted the questionnaire to the adviser for validation.

Statistical Tools

To be able for the researchers to generate a result, statistical tools must be

used to evaluate the Gathered Data. Conducting a statistical analysis helps the

researchers to conduct a meaningful result. The researchers used the statistical

tools in z-test which is used to analyze two different population which variables are

unknown. Based on the information given by the Mintal Elementary School principal,

there are six hundred forty-six (646) total population from grade 3. Using the solvent

formula, that results to 242 number respondents. Furthermore, with that population

the margin of error is .05 percent and 95 precent on confidence level.

Ethical Considerations

The participant’s confidentiality was protected by not disclosing their names or

identities during data analysis and reporting of study findings during the survey

session data processing and distribution of the findings, the privacy and

confidentiality survey were properly protected.

Data Analysis

The following statistical tools were used in the study:

Mean. This was employed to determine the level of Transition from Modular to Face

to Face Class: Assessment in Reading of Grade 3 Pupils at Mintal Elementary

School.

Standard Deviation (SD) This use to measure the variability of values in a data set.

Role of the Researchers

As a researcher part of our role is to exchange ideas with the co- researchers,

establish some issues and concerns pertaining modular mode of instructions and the

ability of the pupils to cope the needed learning particularly reading skills. In addition,

our role is to give an overview about how the pupils learn both the modular mode

and face-to-face modes of learning.

Trustworthiness of the Study

As a result of the procedures and preparations made to conduct this research

being categorized in an ordered sequence, this study is reliable in terms of the level

of confidence in the data and techniques. First, as part of the preparation for

conducting this research, the researchers look for a problem or issue via online

resources and articles along with their own knowledge and ideas that they can use

as a topic and a heading for the research paper. Second, the researchers carefully

searched all their sources and contents with the appropriate caution and precision as

all the sources and contents that were gathered were ensured by the researchers to

be reliable and accurate.

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