1

Literature Review and Summary Writing

Student

Institution

Instructor

Course

Date
 2

Literature Review and Summary Writing

Carrying out summaries of the literature review and interpreting the results

obtained from searches from the relevant resources are critical processes required in writing a

research article. The literature reviews consist of layers which the researcher has to conduct and

do the reviews while offering new interpretations that are new and extend beyond the initial

studies. The researcher's perceptions, conclusions, and opinions must be availed in the review

(Camacho-Otero, Boks, & Pettersen, 2018). While composing a literature review, it is essential

to note the accurate information in the search or the primary sources to correspond to the

secondary literature reviews. The comparison of the writing of the literature review summary and

interpretations of the search results is essential in understanding and writing research question

answers.

To ensure the effectiveness of the data extracted from the primary sources and the

rigorous synthesis, the utilization of the summary tables provides a synopsis of the article's

contents. Literature reviews present the purpose, findings, methods, and related information that

are relevant to the article. The literature review summary summarizes the critical information

derived from the primary sources. It is arranged to combine the summaries and thesis of the

subject (Granić & Marangunić, 2019). The statement of the research question and its

explanations is the core objective of the literature review. The hypotheses are also stated with a

brief explanation of methods and the independent variables against the question measured in the

study (dependent variables). The summary gives information about what is being analyzed and

describes the results obtained from the study. The length of the summary literature review

depends on the purpose of the research article and the target audience. The summary is

concluded with aspects of the existing literature in the body. Understanding the search results is
 3

essential in relaying relevant information to the target audience by ensuring the answers in the

literature answer the research question. The researcher should interpret the information sources

and formulate the literature to answer the required questions. Therefore, the information sources

and the literature summary writing are essential in giving information on a particular research

topic.

Interpreting the search results utilizes the PICO tool to find the supporting evidence of

the research topic being answered. The use of evidence-based research materials translates the

existing evidence into appropriate decisions to be made by a clinical nurse. PICO is a tool

in the format used to develop a research question before research is conducted. It stands for

problem intervention, comparison, and outcome (Kang, Zou, & Weng, 2019). The process of

utilizing PICO begins with the case scenario that offers the basis of the question to be

constructed. The researcher then identifies vital words for each element in the PICO model, such

as the subjects, the actions taken, the alternatives, and the anticipated outcomes. Then the search

strategy plan is done to determine the search databases and identify critical elements in the

question (Brown, 2020). The next step is executing an information search concerning the

research question, and then the analysis of results follows. The researcher reviews the literature

and determines the level of evidence relevant to the article to be written, thus giving the

researcher a systematic review of the literature. Therefore, the PICO model is necessary for the

creation of the abstracts of research articles by researchers.

 4

Responses

Student 1

Hello bill, I agree that fostering evidence-based practices by nurses in health care

facilities is necessary for integrating clinical expertise into clinical research. The PICO model is

necessary for assessing a patient’s conditions and utilizing evidence-based research tools to

review alternatives in the treatment methods. The utilization of the formats yields the best

alternatives to the evidence required for clinical decisions by nurses in health care facilities. At

the same time, they explore an alternative in the procedures of treatments.

Student 2

Hello Angela, I agree with your response about meeting the expected standards of clinical

practice in modern health care. Nurses should have research skills that enable them to formulate

research questions and utilize the PICO model to have the best outcome of the clinical practice

selected (Eriksen & Frandsen, 2018). The evidence-based practice and research link to the

theories of practice that provides nurses with reliable research data in patient care decision-

making. The better outcomes and performance of medical practitioners results from the research

skills and the utilization of the PICO model in conducting research in health care facilities.
 5

References

Brown, D. (2020). A review of the PubMed PICO tool: using evidence-based practice in health

education. Health promotion practice, 21(4), 496–498.

Camacho-Otero, J., Boks, C., & Pettersen, I. N. (2018). Consumption in the circular economy: A

literature review. Sustainability, 10(8), 2758.

Eriksen, M. B., & Frandsen, T. F. (2018). The impact of patient, intervention, comparison,

outcome (PICO) as a search strategy tool on literature search quality: a systematic

review. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 106(4), 420.

Granić, A., & Marangunić, N. (2019). Technology acceptance model in an educational context:

A systematic literature review. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(5), 2572-

2593.

Kang, T., Zou, S., & Weng, C. (2019). Pretraining to recognize PICO elements from randomized

controlled trial literature. Studies in health technology and informatics, 264, 188.