Solution (Molecular Physics)

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Solutions (Molecular Physics)

Ans. 1: (b)
Solution: The rotational energy is
h2
EJ  J  J  1 ; J  0,1, 2,3........
8 2 I
2
 J  J  1
2I
2
E  EJ 1  EJ 0 
I
1 1
Mr 2  1.7 1027   0.75 1010   0.478 1047 Kg m 2
2
I
2 2
 2 1.054 10 J  s 
34 2
2.324 1021
E   47
 19
eV  1.45 102 eV
I 0.478  10 Kg m 2
1.6 10
Ans. 2: (d)
Solution: The wave number for J → J + 1 transition is v  2 B  J  1
For J = 0 → J = 1, we get
v  2B
Given v  20.68cm 1  B  10.34cm 1
Now wave number for J = 14 → J = 15 will be
v  2 B 14  1  30 B  30  10.34
v  310.2cm 1
Ans. 3: (a)
Solution: EJ  Bhc J  J  1 where J  0,1, 2,3,....
For 2nd excited state, J  2

 E2  Bhc 2  2  1  Bhc  6
E2 6MeV
Bhc    1 MeV
6 6
Now, for 6th excited state, J  6
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Revised Edition 2021 254
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 E6  Bhc 6  6  1  1 MeV  42 
E6  42 MeV
Ans. 4: (c)
Solution: The reduce mass of the CO molecule is
mc mo 1.99  2.66
   10 26 kg
mc  mo 1.99  2.66
  1.14  1026 kg
and its moment of inertia is
  
2
I   r 2  1.14  10 26 kg 1.13  10 10 m
I  1.46  1046 kg  m 2
The lowest rotational level corresponds to J  1 , and for this level in CO
 
2
J  J  1  2  2 1.054  1034 J  s
EJ 1   
2I I 1.46  10 46 kg  m 2
7.61 1023
 7.61 1023 J  eV  4.76 104 eV
1.6 1019
The energy corresponds to J  2 is
 
34 2
6 2 3 2 3  1.054  10 J  s
EJ  2   
2I I 1.46  10 46 kg  m 2
7.61 1023  3
 19
eV  14.3 104 eV
1.6  10
E  EJ  2  EJ 1  14.3 104  4.76 104  9.54 104 eV
Ans. 5: (a)
1 1 1 1
Solution:   2 B ,   2B  2B  cm1  B  cm1  0.114 cm1  11.4 m 1
  4.4 8.8
h h 
where B   r2  
8  r
2 2
8 B C 4 B C
2
200  35
 1.67 1027 kg  50 1027 kg
200  35
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1.05  1034
r2  27
 5  1020 m 2
4 11.4  5010  3 108
 
1/ 2 0
 r  5  1020  2.2  1010 m  2.2 A
Ans. 6: (b)
Solution: For J  0  J  1 the wavenumber of emitted photon is   2 B  J  1  2 B where
h
B
8 2  r 2c
For 12
C16O :  1  2 B1 (i)
For ? C16 O :  2  2 B2 (ii)
B1  1  1 / c  1 B 
Taking ratio of (i) and (ii)    where 1  2
B2  2  2 / c  2 B2 1
2  1 
   2  1  1 (iii)
1  2 2
 1 11.53 1010 Hz
Now,   1.046
 2 11.02 1010 Hz
m12C  m16O 12 16 mx  m16O x  16
while 1   amu and 2  C  amu
m12C  m16O 12  16 mxC  m16O x  16
 From equation (iii), we get

x 16 12 16 x 12 3 3.138
 1.046    1.046   1.046  
x  16 12  16 x  16 28 7 7
 7 x  3.14 x  50.2  3.86 x  50.2  x  13
Ans. 7: (b)
B1 2
Solution: 
B2 1
1 35 35 1 37 37
1   , 2  
1  35 36 1  37 38
10.5909 37 36
  
B2 38 35
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10.5909  38  35
 B2   10.575cm 1
37  36
Ans. 8: (d)
Solution: The rotational constant B is defined as
B
h
cm 1
where I = μr2
8 Ic
2
The moment of inertia of the molecule is
I  r 2 
mCl m H
mCl  m H
r2 
35
36

 1.67  10  27  1.29  10 10 
2
 2.7  10  47 kgm 2
While Rotational level width is proportional to B

2 h h
  2 B   2
8 Ic 4 Ic
2
h
   c   
4 2 I
h 6.6  10 34
Hence     6.2  1011 Hz
4 2 I 4  2.7  10
2  47
Ans. 9: (a)
Solution: E J  Bhc J  J  1 where J  0,1, 2,3,....
For 2nd excited state, J  2

 E2  Bhc 2  2  1  Bhc  6
E2 6MeV
Bhc    1 MeV
6 6
Now, for 6th excited state, J  6
 E6  Bhc 6  6  1  1 MeV  42 
E6  42 MeV
Ans. 10: (b)
h2
Solution: E  Bc J  J  1  J  J  1
8 2 I
mH  ml 1 35
Where,    1 67 1027  1 624 1027 kg
mH  ml 1  35
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and, I   r 2  1 624 1027  1 275 1010 

2
 2  62 1047 kgm 2
 6  625 10 J S

34 2
E J  J  1
8 2  2  64 1017 kgm 2
E  2 1 1022 J  J  1  1  21 J  J  1 meV
E  EJ 5  EJ  4  1 21 5  5  1  4  4  1  meV  1  21 30  20  meV
 12 1meV
Ans. 11: (b)
Solution: The relation between ωe and force constant k is
 osc 1 k
e  
c 2c 
or k  4 2 e2 c 2 
1 516 Nm 1
Thus  e   2988cm 1
2  3  1010  27
1.627  10 kg
The wave number of hot band line (v = 1 → v = 2) is

   e 1  4 xe   29881  4  0.0174  thus   2780 cm -1
Ans. 12: (b)

Solution: For anharmonic oscillator
2
 1  1
 v   e  v     e xe  v  
 2  2
zero-point energy corresponds to v = 0.
1 1
 0   e   e xe
2 4
1 1
For H2:  0   4395  118  2168cm 1
2 4
1 1
For D2:  0   3118   64  1543cm 1
2 4
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Ans. 13: (d)

Solution: The vibrational energy of a harmonic oscillator is
 1 1
Ev   v  h osc where osc 
k
Hz 
 2 2 
The Fundamental vibration frequency is
E1  E0 1
0    osc 
k
in Hz 
h 2 
The corresponding wave number is
0 1 k
  
c 2c 
Let 1 &  2 is wave number for 1 H 35 Cl and 2 H 35 Cl respectively.
2 1 1  35  2  35 35 37 37
       0.7168
1 2 1  35 2  35 36 70 72
 2  0.7168  2886 cm 1  2068.7 cm 1

Ans. 14: (b)
Solution: The fundamental vibrational frequency is
k
  2  2 c  k  4 2 c 2 2  , where  is reduce mass

m1 m2 78.9  80.9
   1.67  1027 kg  6.67  1026 kg
m1  m2 78.9  80.9
The force constant of the bond of Br2 molecule is
      6.67 10 
2 2
k  4 2 c 2 v 2   4 2 3 108 m / s  323.2  102 26
kg  247.6 N
Ans. 15: (b)

Solution: The reduce mass of CO is
mc mo 1.99  2.66
   10 26 kg  1.14  10 26 kg
mc  mo 1.99  2.66
1 k
whereas, vo   k  4 2 vo2 
2 
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   1.14  10 
2
k  4 2  6.42  1013 Hz 26
kg  1860 N / m
Ans. 16: (a)

Solution: The energy gap between v  0 and v  1 is E  hc  e
E
Given, E  0.063 eV e  5
hc 2 2 e
The force constant is 3
1
2 e
k  4 2 c 2 e2  4 2 c 2  
 E  2
v0 1
2 e
 hc 2
k   
 E 
2
2
22  35
Now,    13.5 amu  13.5  1.67 1027 kg  2.3  1026 kg  2  1026 kg
22  35
E 0.063eV 6.3 102 eV
and  16
 16
 1014 s 1
 6.58 10 eV  s 6.6 10 eV  s
  
2
k  2  1026 kg 1014 s 1  2 102 kg / s 2  200 N / m
Ans. 17: (c)

Solution: 2 B  20.68 cm 1  B  10.34 cm 1
Now   2 B  J  1
For J  14  15 ,   2 B 14  1  2 B 15
   20.68 15  310.2cm 1

1 1 0
    32  10 6
m  320000 A
v 310.2cm 1
Ans. 18: (b)
Solution: e 1  2 xe   2143.3 cm 1 (i)
 e  2e xe  2143.3 cm 1 (ii)
2e 1  3xe   4259.7 cm 1 (iii)
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4259.7 1
 e  3e xe  cm (iv)
2
Now (ii)  3 – (iv)  2 gives
e  3  2143.3  4259.7  2170.2 cm 1
 
Now  osc  c  e  3  1010 cm / sec  2170.2 cm 1  6.51  1013 s 1
12  16
and   1.67 1027 kg  1.14 1026 kg
12  16
   
2
 4   3.14   1.14  1026 kg  6.51  1013 s 1
2
K  4 2  osc
2
 1905 Nm 1
Ans. 19: (d)

dEv
Solution:  0  e hc  e xe hc  2  v  1/ 2   0
dv
1
1  2 xe  v  1/ 2   0  v  1/ 2 
2 xe
1 1 1 1 
v      1
2 xe 2 2  xe 
The dissociation energy is

2
 1   1  e hc  1  e hc
ED  e hc    e xe hc     1   
 2 xe   2 xe  2 xe  2  4 xe
e hc
ED  .
4 xe
Ans. 20: (a)
1 2 3
Solution: Kx0  h osc for v  1
2 2
3 h osc
 x0 
K
1 K 1 480
Where  o sc    8.7  1013 Hz
2  2 1.62  10 27
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3  6.63  1034  5.7  1013

 x0   0.15  1010 m
480
o
x0  0.15 A
Ans. 21: (c)

1 35
Solution: Reduce mass of 1 H 35Cl is   1.67  1027 kg    1.627 1027 kg
1  35
1 K 1 518
Now, e    2993.4 cm 1
2 c  2  3 1010
1.627  10 27
The Raman lines appears at

 R   R   fundamental
where minus sign represents the Stoke’s lines and appears at lower wave number at
 fundamental  e 1  2 xe   2993.4 1  2  0.018   2885.6 cm 1
Ans. 22: (b)

1 1 1 1
Solution:    and   
O S AS O
where  is Raman displacement, O is wavelength of exciting laser, S is wavelength
of Stoke’s line and AS is wavelength of anti-Stoke’s line.
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2S  O
Now,          AS
O S AS O O S AS O S
2  552  546
  AS   109 m 1   AS  1.8514  106 m 1  18514 cm 1
546  552
Ans. 23: (c)
mc  mo
Solution: Reduce mass of CO is  
mc  mo
12  16
  1.67 1027 kg  1.145  1027 kg
12  16
Relation between wave number e  and force constant  k  is
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1 K 1 1860 N / m
e  
2 c  2   3  108 m / s  1.145  1027 kg
676164.9 m 1  6761.7 cm 1
The Stoke’s line with respect to exciting line appears at
  e 1  2 xe   6761.7 1  2  0.015 
  6558.9 cm 1
Ans. 24: (c)
Solution: The rotational constant of O2 molecule is
 mm 16  16
B , where  = reduce mass  1 2   1.67  1027 kg
4 r c
2
m1  m2 16  16
 1.34  1026 kg
1.05 1034 J  S
B
     
2
4  1.34 1026 kg  120.7  1012 m  3 108 m / s
1.05 1034
 37
 142.7 m 1  1.43 cm 1
7.36 10
The wavenumber of a stoke’s line in rotational Raman is
 stokes   0  2 B  2 J  3
where J is initial (lower) rotational state, so
 stokes  20623 cm 1  2  1.427 cm 1    2  2  3  20623  19.98  20603 cm 1
 stokes  20603 cm 1
Ans. 25: (a)
Solution: The wave number of Raman line is
vR  vo  B  4 J  6
where +ve and –ve sign is for anti-stoke’s and stoke’s line respectively.
For first stoke’s line  J  2  J  0
vR  vo  6 B  20487  6  1.9896  20475.1 cm 1
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Ans. 26: (b)

Solution: Given 6 B  62.4 cm 1  B  10.4cm 1  1040 m 1
h 6.63  1034 J  s
Now I    2.7 1047 kgm 2

8 2 Bc 8   3.14 2  1040m 1  3 108 m / sec   
I
and I   r 2  r 

1 35
while   1.67  1027 kg  1.61 1027 kg
1  35
2.7 1047 0
r  27
 1.29 A
1.61 10
Ans. 27: (b)
Solution: Raman displacement    As  0   0  s
1 1 1 1
   
As 0 0 s
1 2 1 2AS  0 0AS 560  560
     S   nm  570.4nm
s 0 AS 0 AS 2 AS  0 2  550  560
 S  570.4 nm
Ans. 28: (c)
Solution: Raman displacement is v  B  4 J  6  .
In O2 molecule every level with even J value is missing. The allowed J are 1,3,5, 7 …
The spacing between 1st two stokes lines is
E  B  4  3  6   B  4 1  6   18 B  10 B  8 B
h
where, B 
8  r 2 c
2
16  16
  1.67  1027 kg  13.36  1027
16  16
6.625  1034
Thus, B   142m 1  1.42cm 1
8 13.36  10
2 27
 1.21 10 
10 2
 3  10
8
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Therefore, E  8B  8 1.42  11.4cm 1 .

Ans. 29 (b)
Solution: AS 
0 S

 500 10  506 10  9 9
2S  0  2  506  109  500  109 
500  506
  109 m
2  506  500
506 506
 109 m  109
1012 2.024  1
1
500
506
 109  494nm  494 107 cm
1.024
 Anti-stokes wave number is
1 1
 AS    20242cm 1
AS 494 107 cm
Ans. 30: (c)
Solution: The first stokes line appeared at 6 B  40 cm 1
B  6.7 cm 1
The 3rd stokes line appears at 14 B
 Separation between 1st and 3rd stokes line is 14 B  6 B  8 B  53.6 cm 1

Ans. 31: (b)
Solution: E  g  B B  hv  g  B B
B
hv


6.625 1034 J  S 33.88 109 Hz  
 1209 103 T  1209 mT
g B 
 2.0024  9.27 10 J / T
24

Ans. 32: (b)
Solution: Nuclear magnetic moment    is
 e 
  gN I  
 2mp 
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where I is the nuclear spin and g N is the nuclear g - factor. In a constant magnetic
field B , the magnetic moment processes with Larmor’s frequency  given by

B 3.46  3.15 1014 1.6 1013  0.8
   6.012 106 Hz  6.012MHz
Ih  7 / 2   6.63 10 34
Ans. 33: (a)

Solution:  E  g  N B
B
 E h
 
 
6.625 1034 J -s 220 106 s 1
 5.17 T

g N g N 5.585  5.047 1027 J / T
Ans. 34: (d)
Solution: The nuclear spin of 16O is zero, therefore, it is NMR inactive.
Ans. 35: (d)
Solution: Molecule must possess non-zero electric dipole moment as well as non-zero nuclear
spin. Thus option (d) is correct.
Ans. 36: (c)
Solution: The minimum pumping power per unit volume required to maintain the population
inversion is
Pmin 
N hv p 1.6  1019 cm 3
 
  
6.6  10 34 J  s  6.25  1014 Hz 
 1100 Wcm 3
2  2 3
3  10 sec
Ans. 37: (c)
Solution: The rotational constant is defined as
h
B
8  r 2 c
2
The value of the quantum number J for the maximum populated rotational level for a
molecule at a temperature T is given by
kT 1 kT 1 r2 1 r 1
J max      kT  2   kT  
2 Bhc 2 2 h 2  2  2
 hc
8  r c
2 2
1 35
where   1.67 1027 kg  1.611027 kg
1  35
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1.3  1010 1
J max  34
 1.38  1023 J / K  700T  1.61  1027 kg 
1.1  10 J -S 2
1
 1.2 1024  3.15 1024   4.7  0.5  4.2
2
Thus J max  4
Ans. 38: (a)

34
A 8 h 3 8 h 8 6.626  10 J  S
Solution:   3 

 6.2 1028 Jm 3 s
  
3  3
B c 3.0 10 m2
Ans. 39: (b)

Ans. 40: (a)
c
Solution: The mode separation is  
2L
1
Since 2L = cT, thus the mode separation becomes  
T
Ans. 41: (b)
2n0 d
Solution: The cavity life time tc  where, x  1  R1 R2 e 2 c d
 1 
c ln  
 1 x 
Now, x  1  R1 R2 e 2c d  1  x  R1 R2 e2c d  1 0.98 e0  0.98
2  1 60  102 120  102

Thus, tc    20 108 sec .
 1  3  10  0.02
8
3  108 ln  
 0.98 
The passive cavity line width is
1 1
 v  p  Hz  Hz  7.95 103 108 Hz  0.8 106 Hz  0.80MHz.
2 tc 2    20  108
Ans. 42: (d)
Solution: Given,   1.5  1016 Hz And t sp  1.6ns  1.6  109 sec.
1 1
A 21   0.625 109 sec 1
tsp 1.6  109
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A 21  3n03 A   2 c3
  2 3  B21  21 3 3
B21  c  n0
 
3
0.625 109   2  3  108
  46.95  1019  4.6 1020 m 3 J 1s 2 .
 
3
34
1.05 10  1.5 10 16
1 3
Ans. 43: (c)

Solution: Given, 0  0.6328 m  0.6328  106 m
c 3 108
v0    4.74 1014 Hz
0 0.6328 106
c
 n0  1
v0 0
2n0 d
The cavity life time is tc  where,x  1  R1 R2 e2c d
 1 
c ln  
 1 x 
1 1
1  x  R1 R2 e2c d  1 0.99  e0  0.99 and   1.01
1  x 0.99
2  1 30 102 2 109
 tc    0.2 106 sec  0.2 sec
3 10 ln 1.01
8
0.01
Ans. 44: (a)

Pout Pout
Solution: Pin   0.5 103   Pout  0.5 103  0.01  5 106 W

1 R1 R2  
1 1 0.99
c 3 108
v0    4.7408 1014 Hz
n0 0 1 0.6328 106
2   v p  hv0 2   0.8 106  6.63 1034  4.7408 1014

2 2
  v p   
sp Pout 5 106
 25.26 102  2.5 103  2.5mHz

Ans. 45: (d)
Solution: The Minimum Power required to achieve zero gain is
N hv N hc 1.6  1019 6.6  10 34  6.25  1014

P     1100 W cm 3
2  2  2 3  10 3
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P  1.1kW per cubic centimeter

Ans. 46: (a)
Solution: The cavity life time is
2n0 d
tc  where, x  1  R1 R2 e 2 c d
 1 
c ln  
1 x 
With given values x  1  R1 R2 e 2 c d  1  0.99e 0  0.01
2n0 d 2  1 30  102
Thus tc    0.2  106 sec  0.2  s
 1   1 
 3  10  ln 
8
c ln  
 1  x   0.99 
Ans. 47: (a)
c
Solution: Mode separation    1500 MHz
2dn0
where c  3  10 8 m / sec , d  10  102 m and n0  1 .
1 2n 0 d
Width of each mode  p  where t c  .
2 tc  1 
c ln  2d

 R1 R2 e 
2n0 d 2  110 102 2 109

tc     3.29 108 sec  3.3 108 sec
 1   1  3  0.02
c ln  2 d 
3  108  ln  e0 
 R1 R2 e   0.98 
1 1
 p    4.8MHz
2 tc 2  3.3  108
Ans. 48: (a)
Solution: Corresponding power incident on mirror inside of the cavity will be
1mW
P  20mW
1  0.95
Ans. 49: (a)
1
2  2k T  4  2k BT 2
Solution: D  D  B ln 2    ln 2 
c  M  0  M 
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1
4  2  1.38 1023  300  0.693  2
    333 MHz
10.6 106  44 1.67 1027 
D 333
 D   MHz  53 MHz
2 2
10.6 10 
2
6
02
Now, D   D  D   53 106  0.199 1010 m
c 3  108
0
D  0.2 A
Ans. 50: (a)

Solution: The cavity life time is
2n0 d
tc  where x  1  R1 R2 e 2 d
  1 
c ln  
  1  x 
Thus x  1  1 0.99 e0  1  0.99  0.01
and 1  x  0.99
 1   1 
ln    ln   ln 1.01  0.01
1 x  0.99 
2  1  30  102 m
Thus tc   0.2  10 6 sec
3  10 8

m / s  0.01
The passive cavity line width is

1 1 1
 p    Hz   p  0.8 MHz
2 tc 2  0.2  10 6
1.26  10 6
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Solutions (Molecular Physics)

For 2nd excited state, J  2

For ? C16 O :  2  2 B2 (ii)

 From equation (iii), we get

The moment of inertia of the molecule is

While Rotational level width is proportional to B

For 2nd excited state, J  2

and, I   r 2  1 624 1027  1 275 1010 

 6  625 10 J S

E  2 1 1022 J  J  1  1  21 J  J  1 meV

E  EJ 5  EJ  4  1 21 5  5  1  4  4  1  meV  1  21 30  20  meV

The wave number of hot band line (v = 1 → v = 2) is

Ans. 12: (b)

Ans. 13: (d)

Let 1 &  2 is wave number for 1 H 35 Cl and 2 H 35 Cl respectively.

 2  0.7168  2886 cm 1  2068.7 cm 1

The force constant of the bond of Br2 molecule is

Ans. 15: (b)

Ans. 16: (a)

Ans. 17: (c)

For J  14  15 ,   2 B 14  1  2 B 15

   20.68 15  310.2cm 1

 e  2e xe  2143.3 cm 1 (ii)

2e 1  3xe   4259.7 cm 1 (iii)

Ans. 19: (d)

The dissociation energy is

3  6.63  1034  5.7  1013

Ans. 21: (c)

The Raman lines appears at

Ans. 22: (b)

where  is Raman displacement, O is wavelength of exciting laser, S is wavelength

of Stoke’s line and AS is wavelength of anti-Stoke’s line.

vR  vo  6 B  20487  6  1.9896  20475.1 cm 1

Ans. 26: (b)

Therefore, E  8B  8 1.42  11.4cm 1 .

2S  0  2  506  109  500  109 

 Separation between 1st and 3rd stokes line is 14 B  6 B  8 B  53.6 cm 1

field B , the magnetic moment processes with Larmor’s frequency  given by

Ans. 33: (a)

Ans. 39: (b)

2  1 60  102 120  102

Ans. 43: (c)

Ans. 44: (a)

2   v p  hv0 2   0.8 106  6.63 1034  4.7408 1014

 25.26 102  2.5 103  2.5mHz

N hv N hc 1.6  1019 6.6  10 34  6.25  1014

P  1.1kW per cubic centimeter

With given values x  1  R1 R2 e 2 c d  1  0.99e 0  0.01

where c  3  10 8 m / sec , d  10  102 m and n0  1 .

2n0 d 2  110 102 2 109

Ans. 50: (a)

The passive cavity line width is

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