UNIT COMMUNICATION GOALS

1 Describe some causes of travel hassles

Troubles While
6
2 Express gratitude for a favor while traveling
3 Discuss staying safe on the Internet

Traveling 4 Talk about lost, stolen, or damaged property

preview
A FRAME YOUR IDEAS Read about the online contest. On a separate sheet of paper, write
your own tips for the common travel hassles.

CONTEST DIRECTIONS: Click on a pull-down menu to

EL
HATE TRAV enter your own tip for dealing with a specific Click here for a full
EN T ER travel hassle. When you have finished entering list of prizes for the
HASSLES? all your tips, click on the link to our secure finalists.
L TIPS
THE TRAVE server to submit your tips. Contest winner will
No limit on number
CONTEST! be announced on July 15. All decisions final.
of submissions. Enter
CONTEST DEADLINE: July 1
as many times as
you want!

AIR TRAVEL CAR TRAVEL OTHER TRAVEL HASSLES

Inedible or no food on flights Poor air-conditioning or heating

Unexpected checked baggage fees No phone service or Wi-Fi
Mechanical breakdowns access
Carry-on luggage fees
Flat tire Delays
Insufficient room in overhead bins
Parking tickets Unexpected bus or train delays
Overbooked flights
Getting towed for parking illegally Uncomfortable seats
Missed connections
Children arguing in the backseat Dirty bathrooms
Lost luggage
Finding a bathroom Loud or rude passengers
Long lines at check-in and security
screening Getting lost
Items confiscated by security Traffic jams CONTINUE SUBMIT

B 3:16 VOCABULARY TRAVEL NOUNS Find and circle these

checked baggage fees security screening
words and phrases in the contest. Listen and repeat. Then, with carry-on luggage a breakdown
a partner, explain the meaning of each one. See page T62 for answers. an overhead bin a flat tire
a missed connection a parking ticket
C DISCUSSION Share your tips. Decide which tips you think are
good enough to win the contest.
62 UNIT 6
 UNIT
6 Troubles While Traveling
preview
A FRAME YOUR IDEAS
Suggested 5–10 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Write contest on the board. Ask Do you like to participate
in contests? Tell students they will participate in a contest
where they will give travel tips.
●
As a class, look at the website as it appears in the book.
Call on volunteers to read the text in the top section.
Ask What is a practical traveler? (An effective traveler;
a practical traveler is likely to be effective in a given
situation.) Elicit that travel hassles are annoyances during
travels; things that cause problems.
●
Ask a volunteer to read the contest directions. Point to
the categories of travel: air, car, other. Explain that in
each section there are different topics (e.g., inedible
food on flight). You click on a topic, you can enter a
tip to be considered for the contest. Ask What tip could
you suggest that is related to inedible food or no food on
flights? (Possible answer: Pack snacks or sandwiches for
your flight.) Tell students to skim the topics. These will be
discussed in more detail in Exercise B, Vocabulary.
●
Bring students’ attention to the red box on the right. Ask
a student to read the information. Ask What do you think
the prizes might be? (Possible answers: luggage, travel
books, plane tickets) Would you participate in such a
contest? How many times would you submit an entry? Have
you ever won such a contest?
B 3:16 VOCABULARY
Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Have students look at the list of travel hassles. If necessary,
explain that woes are problems or troubles. In pairs, have
students explain the meanings of the words and phrases,
referring to the website to help them with context. Invite
them to share stories if they have experienced any of
these issues and woes.
●
Have students listen.
●
Then have them listen and repeat.
LANGUAGE NOTE Luggage and baggage are often used
interchangeably in the context of transportation. However,
baggage is a more general or “official” term, referring to
all the kinds of passengers’ suitcases, bags, etc., carried
in various types of transportation, while luggage refers to
what one buys at the store to hold one’s belongings or
used for one's personal suitcases, duffel bags, etc. Some
examples of interchangeable use: checked baggage /
luggage; a baggage / luggage check.
Answers to Exercise B
Answers will vary but may include the following:
checked baggage fees: extra money you have to pay for
baggage that you check in, often the case when bags are
over the weight limit or oversize
carry-on luggage: luggage that you don’t check in but take
with you on the plane
an overhead bin: the compartment above the seats on a
plane where passengers store carry-on luggage
a missed connection: when a traveler doesn’t make it in
time to a connecting flight
security screening: the process of checking passengers at
the airport to make sure they don’t present any risks
a breakdown: when the mechanism of a car or other vehicle
stops working
a flat tire: when a tire has insufficient air in it
a parking ticket: a penalty imposed for not parking a car
according to regulations
Option: [+5 minutes] Invite students to share stories of the
hassles on the website that are not listed in the vocabulary list.
Option: [+5 minutes] For further vocabulary practice,
encourage students to use the words and phrases in
sentences. Have students work in pairs to write these
sentences or just say them to each other. (Possible answers:
This airline doesn’t have checked baggage fees. You are
permitted one carry-on luggage item. Please put all carry-on
items in the overhead bin. I missed my connection in New
York, so I got on a flight the next day. Security screening
requires taking shoes off. We called the tow truck after the
mechanical breakdown. We got a flat tire on our road trip.
The parking ticket cost me $50. We got towed for parking
in a fire zone.)
C DISCUSSION
Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
You may wish to have students write actual tips for any
(or all) of the hassles, as if they were entering this contest.
Alternatively, you could have a discussion, with students
offering and discussing their tips.
●
Have students work in pairs or small groups. Elicit a
travel tip and model it on the board. For example, for the
category mechanical breakdowns under Car Travel: Take
your car for an oil change and a full checkup before
going on a trip. You should also check to make sure
your car has had all scheduled maintenance.
●
Circulate and assist as needed. Tell students they can give
tips in the imperative (e.g., Take your car) or give advice
(You should . . . ).
●
Bring the class together and call on volunteers to share
tips. Then have students vote on which ones are good
enough to win the contest.
UNIT 6 PREVIEW T62
 D 3:17  SPOTLIGHT
Suggested 10 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Ask students to look at the photo. Ask What travel hassle
does this man seem to be experiencing? (Possible answer:
Maybe he lost something like a passport, or his luggage
didn’t arrive.)
●
Have students read and listen to the conversation.
●
To check comprehension, ask: Why is Edison stressed? (He’s
missing his folder with his passport and boarding pass.)
Is it likely he left it in the limo? Why or why not? (No, he
remembers looking back at the seat of the limo to see if
he forgot something.) Where is it probably? (at the hotel)
What does he have to do? (go back and get it) Will Yuji wait
for him? (no) Will Edison make it to the dinner? (maybe, if he
catches a later flight)
  LANGUAGE NOTE  Limo is short for limousine, which is a car
driven by someone who is paid to drive; some limousines
can be large, expensive, and comfortable. Cab is another
word for taxi, a car that you pay to take you somewhere.
Point out that Edison takes an airport limo from the hotel—
which has the sole purpose of taking hotel guests to and
from the airport; but later he grabs, or takes, a cab to go
back to the hotel. To split means to leave a place quickly.
The noun hassle can be both countable and uncountable:
You can go through a hassle, or something can be too
much hassle. Hassle can also be used as a verb to mean to
annoy someone, especially when asking someone to do
something many times. Hassled, the adjective form, means
stressed or under pressure.
E UNDERSTAND IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS
Suggested 5–10 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Focus on the idioms and expressions as a class. Call on
volunteers to read them aloud.
●
Let students work individually to locate them in context to
figure out the meanings. Then have students match each
expression with the correct definition.
●
Ask students to compare answers with a partner,
returning to Exercise D to confirm their answers.
●
Bring the class together to go over the answers.
Challenge: [+5 minutes] Divide the class into pairs and
assign each pair one or two idioms / expressions from the
list. Have them create brief dialogues around them. Invite
pairs to share dialogues.
T63 UNIT 6 PREVIEW
F THINK AND EXPLAIN
Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Have students discuss the questions in pairs. Then bring
the class together to go over the answers.
●
Invite students to share their speculations about what else
could have happened to Edison’s folder. (Possible answer:
It's possible that Edison packed his folder in his luggage.)
Option: [+5 minutes] Invite students to further discuss
Edison’s situation in pairs. Write these questions on the
board:
How would you describe Edison’s stress level? (He is
upset and stressed. Yuji urges him not to freak out.)
What will result from the mishap with his folder? (He
has to go back to the hotel. He will miss his flight and will
have to catch another one. He may be late for his meeting.)
What should he do before he goes to the hotel? (Call to
see if the folder is there—if it isn’t, he might check his bags
more carefully and find it there.)
Bring the class together and have students share how they
would handle such a situation.
SPEAKING
Suggested 10–15 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Have students work individually to check the hassles they
have experienced and then write some details. Explain
that they can say where or when it happened and how
they resolved the problem.
●
Ask students to discuss with a partner.
●
Bring the class together and poll the class to see which are
the most common problems.
Option: [+5 minutes] After experiencing a hassle, we
anticipate that it can happen again and hopefully we
can prepare for it. Have students share how they have
approached travel differently over time to avoid hassles.
Model an answer: One time, when I was traveling to Europe,
my bag got lost. I never saw it again. The airline offered
to reimburse me for everything in the bag, but I couldn’t
remember all the things I’d put in it. Since then, I always keep
a list of all the items I pack in each suitcase. Of course, I’ve
never lost my luggage again. But I am prepared!
 ENGLISH FOR TODAY’S WORLD
Understand a variety of accents.
D 3:17 SPOTLIGHT Read and listen to two friends talking about a travel hassle Edison = Portuguese
Yuji = Japanese
on a business trip. Notice the spotlighted language.

Edison: Oh, no. My folder’s missing! It had Edison: You know, if I hadn’t been rushing for the limo,
my passport and my boarding pass in it. this wouldn’t have happened. The way I see it,
Yuji: Uh-oh! Try to think. When did you I have no choice but to go back to the hotel. I’ll grab a
see it last? Was it at the hotel? cab outside. You go on. You need to catch that plane.
Edison: Let’s see … I’m drawing a Yuji: OK.
blank. Oh! I remember now. I’d just Edison: But if that folder isn’t at the
finished printing out the boarding pass hotel, I’m toast. If it weren’t for my
when the front desk called to say the stupid mistake, I wouldn’t be going
airport limo was waiting downstairs. through this hassle. What’ll
So I got my stuff together and split. happen if I miss the dinner?
Yuji: Do you think you could have left the Yuji: Well, you’ll cross
folder in the room or at the front desk that bridge when you
when you checked out? Or what about come to it. But hey, no
in the limo? sweat. If the folder’s
Edison: Well, I distinctly remember there, you can be back
looking back at the seat of the limo in time to make the four
before I slammed the door, just to o’clock. We can meet up
check that I hadn’t left anything, and I later. The dinner’s not
hadn’t. It’s got to be in the hotel. till seven.
Yuji: Well, don’t freak out. It’s a safe bet Edison: OK. I’m off. Keep
they’ll find it in the hotel. your fingers crossed!

E UNDERSTAND IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS Match the expressions from Spotlight with
the statement or phrase that has a similar meaning.
1 I’m drawing a blank. e a Don’t worry about it.
2 It’s a safe bet. b b It’s very probable.
3 the way I see it g c I’m in big trouble.
4 I’m toast. c d You can worry about that later.
5 You’ll cross that bridge when you come to it. d e I can’t remember.
6 No sweat. a f I’m leaving right now.
7 I’m off. f g in my opinion

F THINK AND EXPLAIN What do you think the outcome of the situation will be? What are Edison’s
options if the folder isn’t found in his room or at the front desk? Explain. Answers will vary but may include the following:
Edison might find his folder back at the hotel. If he does not find it, he will need to go to the nearest Embassy to issue a replacement passport.

 SPEAKING Check hassles you’ve experienced and write details about when and where they
happened. Then discuss with a partner.
My Experiences Details
I lost my passport.
I missed a plane / bus / train.
I missed a connecting flight.
My luggage was delayed or lost.
My car got towed.
I was in a vehicle that broke down.
I got a parking ticket.
My cosmetics were confiscated at security.
Other
63
 1
LESSON
GOAL Describe some causes of travel hassles

A 3:18 GRAMMAR SPOTLIGHT Read the interviews about travel hassles. Notice the spotlighted grammar.

ZELLERS: This is Oscar Zellers with
another installment of Nightmares in
a Nutshell. Three callers are on the
line from different airports around
the world. First up is Isabela Wilson
in New York, just arrived from a
vacation trip to the south of
France.
ZELLERS: Ms. Wilson, I understand you had
your perfume taken from you when you went
through security.
1 WILSON: Unfortunately, yes. I got to
the airport late and had to take my bag
through security. But I’d forgotten the
expensive French perfume I’d packed in
that bag. It’s not as if I don’t know you
can’t take liquids through security.
If I’d been thinking clearly, I would
have arrived early enough
to check my bag. Can you
believe it was confiscated?!
ZELLERS: Next up is James Robillard in Montreal. He arrived in Brazil
yesterday with an expired business visa and was put on a return flight back
to Montreal. How unfortunate, Mr. Robillard!
2 ROBILLARD: You can say that again! But frankly I’m pretty annoyed
that the agent here in Montreal who checked me in didn’t
notice the expired visa. If she’d been paying better attention —
attention—
instead of worrying about how much my baggage weighed!—she
would have noticed it. She simply couldn’t have been looking
for the expiration date on the visa.. She took a quick glance and
saw that my passport was valid, but that was it.
ZELLERS: And last but not least, let’s talk to Alice Yang. Ms. Yang started out in
Shanghai and flew to Los Angeles, where she connected with her flight to San
Salvador. But Ms. Yang’s checked luggage wasn’t transferred to the San Salvador
flight. What bad luck, Ms. Yang!
3 YANG: It sure was. And I’ve only got one day here in El Salvador. Tomorrow
I’m departing for Bolivia, then the next day, Ecuador, then Peru! My bags may
never catch up with me. You know, if I were traveling on a weekday, or if
I had another day here, it wouldn’t be such a problem since I
could go shopping, but today is Sunday and most stores are
closed. Take it from me. If you have to change planes,, don’t
even think of checking your bag. Better safe than sorry!

B DISCUSSION Whose situation would be the most frustrating for you? Explain.

DIGITAL
INDUCTIVE C GRAMMAR UNREAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCES: CONTINUOUS FORMS
ACTIVITY
Use continuous verb forms in unreal conditional sentences to express actions in progress.
Present unreal conditional sentences Remember:
You can use were (or weren’t) + a present participle in the if clause. You can use would be Conditional sentences usually
have two clauses: an if (or
(or wouldn’t be) + a present participle in the result clause. Note: The verb forms should “condition”) clause and a
reflect what you want to express. You don’t have to use continuous forms in both clauses. result clause. The clauses in
If I were walking in traffic, I wouldn’t be talking on my cell phone. conditional sentences can be
reversed.
[continuous forms in both clauses]
Real (or “factual”) conditionals
If he walked there, he would be going through the most dangerous section of town. describe the results of real
[continuous form only in the result clause] conditions. Unreal conditionals
describe the results of unreal
Past unreal conditional sentences conditions.
You can use had been (or hadn’t been) + a present participle in the if clause. You can use
would have been (or wouldn’t have been) + a present participle in the result clause. You don’t have to
use continuous forms in both clauses.
If he’d been using his webcam during the conference call, he would have been wearing a tie.
[continuous forms in both clauses]
If I hadn’t been checking my messages, I wouldn’t have known the flight was Be careful! Don’t use would in the
delayed. [continuous form only in the if clause] if clause in any unreal conditional
sentence.
Sequence of tenses If I were watching TV, I would be
The traditional sequence of tenses in all past unreal conditional sentences (past watching the news.
.perfect in the if clause and would have + a past participle in the result clause) can NOT If I would be watching TV, …
change to express time. Compare the following sentences.
past unreal condition present or past result
GRAMMAR BOOSTER p. 137
If I’d gone to India last year, I wouldn’t be flying there right now.
The conditional: summary and extension
If I’d gone to India last year, I would have seen the Taj Mahal.

64 UNIT 6
 LESSON
1 GOAL Describe some causes of travel hassles
A 3:18 GRAMMAR SPOTLIGHT
Suggested 5–10 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Ask a student to read the direction line. Then tell students
to look at the pictures. Invite students to describe these
people’s emotions. (annoyed, stressed, worried) On the
board, write the adjective hassled and elicit that it means
under pressure or stressed.
●
Before students read and listen, ask a volunteer to read the
first line of the interview. Write this phrase on the board:
Nightmares in a Nutshell. Ask What is a nightmare? (a
frightening dream) The word nightmare is often used to
describe a difficult, unpleasant, or frightening experience
or situation. Then focus on the expression in a nutshell.
Whereas nutshell is the hard outer part of a nut, the
expression in a nutshell is used when you are stating
the main facts about something in a short way. Elicit
that nightmare in a nutshell refers to short summaries of
unpleasant situations—in this instance, related to travel.
●
Have students listen to the article as they read along.
●
To check comprehension, ask What was Ms. Wilson’s
hassle? (Her expensive French perfume was taken from
her since you can’t take liquids through security.) Did she
know that liquids are not permitted? (yes) What was James
Robillard’s hassle? (He arrived in Brazil with an expired
Visa and had to travel back to Montreal.) Who does he
blame for the oversight? (the agent in Montreal) Why does
he think the agent missed the fact that his visa was expired?
(She was too busy checking the weight of his items.) What
was Alice Yang’s hassle? (Her luggage didn’t travel with
her when she connected flights.) Why does she mention
shopping as solving her problem, if stores were open? (She
could buy things she needs.)
LANGUAGE NOTE It’s not as if is an informal way to indicate
that of course something is true; to confiscate means to
officially take something away from someone; You can
say that again is a popular colloquial expression used to
indicate complete agreement; catch up with means to reach
someone in front of you by going faster
B DISCUSSION
Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
As a class, rate the travel hassles—with 1 being not so bad
and 3 being the worst.
●
Then invite volunteers to answer the question. Have them
share how they would react in the various situations.
C GRAMMAR
Suggested 10–15 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
To review conditional sentences, write on the board:
real (factual) conditionals
If you boil water, it turns to steam.
unreal conditionals
If he spoke English, he would get this job.
If our friends had been in the restaurant, we would
have asked them for a ride home.
●
Read the Remember note and point to the two clauses in
the first sentence on the board. Reiterate that the if clause
is the condition clause. Under a certain condition—water
boiling—it turns to steam. Next to that sentence write
Water turns to steam if you boil it. Ask Does this mean
the same thing? (Yes; the clauses can be reversed.) Point out
that when the if clause comes second, there is no comma.
●
Point to the two sets of example sentences. Explain that
real or factual conditions state general truths. Unreal
conditionals, on the other hand, focus on imaginary
conditions. Point to the first example sentence on the
board under unreal conditionals. Ask Does he speak
English? (no) Will he get the job? (no) What would happen
in an imaginary scenario in which he did speak English? (He
would get the job.) Review that this is a present unreal
conditional. Then focus on the next example sentence
and say This is a past unreal conditional. Underline the
verbs in each clause (had been / would have asked ). Ask
Were their friends in the restaurant? (no) Did they ask their
friends for a ride? (no) What would have happened in an
imaginary scenario if they had been in the restaurant?
(They would have asked their friends for a ride.)
●
Bring students’ attention to the grammar box and
continuous forms in unreal conditionals. Focus on the first
example sentence. Ask Am I walking in traffic? (no) What
would happen in an imaginary scenario if I were walking
in traffic? (I wouldn’t be talking on my cell phone.) Next,
look at the second example sentence. Ask Is he going
to walk there? (no) What would happen in an imaginary
scenario if he did walk there? (He would be going through
the most dangerous section of town.)
●
Ask a student to read the explanation of past unreal
conditional sentences. Then focus on the first example
sentence. Ask Had he been using his webcam during the
conference call? (no) What would have happened in an
imaginary scenario if he had been using his webcam? (He
would have been wearing a tie. / He would have worn a
tie.) Then draw students’ attention to the next example
sentence. Ask Was I checking my messages? (yes) What
would not have happened in an imaginary scenario if I had
not been checking my messages? (I would not have known
the flight was delayed.)
●
Finally, look at the last section on sequence of tenses.
Ask a student to read the explanation, and have students
compare the two sentences with the same if clause. Point
out how the first result clause focuses on the present and
the other on the past.
●
Read the Be careful! note and example sentence,
and point out that it applies to all unreal conditional
sentences—present or past.
Inductive Grammar Activity
Option: GRAMMAR BOOSTER (Teaching notes p. T137)
UNIT 6 LESSON 1 T64
 D UNDERSTAND THE GRAMMAR F PAIR WORK
Suggested 5 Your actual Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time: teaching time: minutes teaching time:

●
Have students do the exercise individually. Remind them
that these are unreal conditional sentences and that the if
clauses present imaginary scenarios.
●
Then have them compare answers with a partner.
Circulate as students work. If necessary, guide them with
questions: 1. Was the reservation made for the right date?
(no) What is the result of that? (I am waiting for a standby
seat now.) 2. Was my sister watching her bags? (no) What
was the result of that? (They got stolen.) 3. Was I streaming
a movie? (yes) What happened as a result of that? (I missed
the announcement.)
Then, in pairs, have students make statements with should
●
●
Ask students to skim the exercise items and identify if each
sentence is a present unreal or past unreal conditional.
(1. present, 2. past, 3. present, 4. present, 5. past) Then
have them fill in the blanks. Point out that students can
complete the sentences however they want, but they
must use a continuous verb phrase.
●
Circulate as students work. If they get stuck suggest
possible answers (e.g., 2. I hadn't been driving, 3. it
weren’t raining, 4. would be cooking dinner, 5. you
hadn't been talking during the traffic report on the radio).
NOW YOU CAN Discuss some causes of travel hassles

have. Ask a student to read the model answer for item 1.

Extra Grammar Exercises A NOTEPADDING
Suggested 5 Your actual
E GRAMMAR PRACTICE teaching time: minutes teaching time:
Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Call on a volunteer to read the model answers.
●
Students can look at Exercise A on page 62 for ideas
●
Ask students to complete the exercise individually. If they
about dealing with travel hassles. Tell them to write their
need help, hint that in each item at least one clause has
descriptions of what happened along with ideas about
the continuous form. One item has both.
how the problems could have been avoided.
●
Have students compare answers with a partner. Then go
over any questions as a class. If necessary, guide students B DISCUSSION ACTIVATOR
with questions, item by item:
Suggested 5–10 Your actual
1. What would happen in an imaginary situation if you were teaching time: minutes teaching time:
at the hotel now? (You would be sleeping.)
Discussion Activator Video
2. What would have happened in an imaginary situation if
you had packed more carefully? (You wouldn’t be paying ●
Divide the class into pairs and have students use their
high fees.)
notes of what happened and how it could have been
3. What could have happened in an imaginary situation avoided from Exercise A, Notepadding, to make unreal
if they had been watching the departure board? (They conditional statements. Ask a student to read the model
could have taken the three-o’clock flight.) answer. Encourage the pairs to ask each other questions
4. What would Karina be doing in an imaginary situation if and provide details and examples. The goal is for them to
her shoes weren’t sitting in her lost luggage? (She would say as much as they can about the situations.
be wearing them.) For more support, play the Discussion Activator Video
5. What would have happened in an imaginary situation before students do this activity. After each video, ask if the
if they had not been speeding? (They wouldn’t have students in the video included sufficient details. Note: You
gotten a ticket.) can print the script or you can view it on the video player
on the ActiveTeach.
LANGUAGE NOTE In item 2, the adjective exorbitant is
used exclusively to describe an unreasonably high amount
of money, such as prices or fees. Stress is on the second
syllable.

Option: [+5 minutes] For more practice, have students

identify which statements are present unreal conditional
(items 1, 2, and 4) and which are past unreal conditional
(items 3 and 5)

T65 UNIT 6 LESSON 1

DIGITAL
MORE D UNDERSTAND THE GRAMMAR Choose the sentence that best explains the
EXERCISES
meaning of each quotation. Then, with a partner, make a statement with should
have to indicate what could have prevented the problem.
1 “If the reservation had been made for the right date, I wouldn’t be waiting for a standby seat now.”
a The reservation was made for the right date, so I won’t have to wait for a standby seat.
b The reservation was made for the wrong date, so I’m waiting for a standby seat now.
c The reservation wasn’t made for the right date, so I don’t have to wait for a standby seat.
I should have made the reservation for the right date.
2 “If my sister had been watching her bags, they wouldn’t have gotten stolen.”
a My sister wasn’t watching her bags, so they got stolen.
b My sister isn’t watching, so they might get stolen.
c My sister was watching her bags, so they didn’t get stolen.
My sister should have been watching her bags.
3 “I wouldn’t have missed the announcement if I hadn’t been streaming a movie.”
a I was streaming a movie, and it caused me to miss the announcement.
b I wasn’t streaming a movie, so I didn’t miss the announcement.
c I wasn’t streaming a movie, but I missed the announcement anyway.
I shouldn’t have been streaming a movie.

E GRAMMAR PRACTICE Circle the correct verb phrase to complete each statement.
1 If you (would be / were) at the hotel now, you (would be / would have been) sleeping.
2 If we (had / would have) packed more carefully, we (wouldn’t be / wouldn’t have been)
paying these exorbitant overweight baggage fees!
3 They could (take / have taken) the three o’clock flight if they (would have been / had been)
watching the departure board.
4 Karina (would be / would have been) wearing her most comfortable shoes on the tour today
if they (wouldn’t have been / weren’t) sitting in her lost luggage right now.
5 If they (hadn’t / wouldn’t have) been speeding, they wouldn’t (get / have gotten) that ticket.

F PAIR WORK With a partner, take turns completing the unreal conditional sentences,
using continuous verb forms. Answers will vary but may include the following:
1 If it were Monday, I would be walking to work right now .
2 I would have been late to class if I hadn’t caught the bus. .
3 We would be watching the game now if our TV hadn’t broken. .
4 If I were at home, I would be reading a book. .
5 There’s no way I would have missed the train if he had woken me up. .

NOW YOU CAN Describe some causes of travel hassles

A NOTEPADDING Write two travel hassles you or someone you know has faced.
Write a statement with should have about how you could have avoided the hassle.
Use the chart on page 63 for ideas.

What happened? How could it have been avoided?

paying attention to the signs.
My brother’s car got towed last May in New York. He should have been

What happened? How could it have been avoided?

DIGITAL
VIDEO B DISCUSSION ACTIVATOR Discuss the travel hassles you If I hadn’t been listening to a
experienced. Make at least one statement in the unreal podcast, I wouldn’t have missed
the flight announcement.
conditional about how you could have avoided the hassle.
Say as much as you can.
65
 2
LESSON
GOAL Express gratitude for a favor while traveling

DIGITAL
INDUCTIVE A GRAMMAR UNREAL CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS WITH IF IT WEREN’T FOR … / IF IT HADN’T BEEN FOR …
ACTIVITY
Make a present or past unreal conditional statement with if it weren’t for  / if it hadn’t been for +
an object to state an outcome that would occur or would have occurred under other
Remember: You can also
circumstances. It’s common to use this structure to express regret or relief. express strong regret with If
only. If only can be followed by
Regret were or the past perfect.
“If it weren’t for the traffic, we would be at the airport by now.” If only there weren’t so
(= Under other circumstances, we would be at the airport by now, but unfortunately much traffic, we would be
at the airport by now.
the traffic caused us not to be. We regret this.)
If only I had had better
“If it hadn’t been for my bad grades in science, I would have studied medicine.” grades in science, I would
have studied medicine.
(= Under other circumstances, I would have studied medicine. Unfortunately, my bad
grades in science prevented that. I regret this.)
Relief
“If it weren’t for this five-hour nonstop flight, the entire trip would take ten hours.”
(= Under other circumstances, the trip would take ten hours. Fortunately, this nonstop
flight caused the trip to be shortened by five hours. I’m relieved about this.) If it hadn’t
“If it hadn’t been for your help this morning, we would have missed the train.” been for my
GPS, I would
(= Under other circumstances, we would have missed the train. Fortunately, your help have gotten
prevented our missing the train. We’re relieved about this.) hopelessly
lost!

DIGITAL
MORE B FIND THE GRAMMAR Find and underline a statement using If it weren’t for or
EXERCISES
If it hadn’t been for and the unreal conditional in Spotlight on page 63. Is it
expressing regret or relief? You know, if I hadn’t been rushing for the limo, this wouldn’t have happened. (regret)
If it weren’t for my stupid mistake, I wouldn’t be going through this hassle. (regret)
C 3:19 UNDERSTAND THE GRAMMAR Listen to the conversations and infer whether the
speakers are expressing regret or relief in each conditional statement.
1 relief 3 regret 5 regret
2 relief 4 relief 6 regret

D 3:20 LISTEN TO ACTIVATE GRAMMAR Listen again. Complete the paraphrase of what
happened, according to what you hear. Use if it weren’t for or if it hadn’t been for.
1 He might still be waiting for the bus if it hadn’t been for Ben.
2 If it hadn’t been for the fact that they saw the other car, they might have had an accident.
3 Millie would love to go on the tour if it weren’t for her cold.
4 They might still be in line if it weren’t for the fact that she speaks Spanish.
5 They wouldn’t be late for the play if it weren’t for the flat tire.
6 If it hadn’t been for her thoughtlessness, she thinks they wouldn’t have divorced.

E GRAMMAR PRACTICE On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite each statement, using

if it weren’t for or if it hadn’t been for.
1 Without this cold, I would go to the museum with you tomorrow.
If it weren’t for this cold, I would go to the museum with you tomorrow. / I would go to the museum if it weren’t for this cold.
2 I would have totally missed our appointment without the hotel wake-up call. If it hadn’t been for the hotel
wake-up call, I would have totally missed our appointment. / I would have totally missed our appointment if it hadn’t been for the hotel wake-up call.
3 Without that announcement, we would have gone to the wrong departure gate. If it hadn’t been for that announcement,
we would have gone to the wrong departure gate. / We would have gone to the wrong departure gate if it hadn’t been for the announcement.
4 We would have arrived two hours early without the airline’s text message. If it hadn’t been for the airline’s text message,
we would have arrived two hours early. / We would have arrived two hours early if it hadn’t been for the airlines text message.
5 Without the flight attendant’s help with this heavy bag, I would have gotten a backache trying
to put it in the overhead bin. If it weren’t for the flight attendant’s help with this heavy bag, I would have have gotten a backache trying
to put it in the overhead bin. / I would have gotten a backache trying to put this heavy bag in the overhead bin if it weren’t for the flight attendant’s
help with it.

66 UNIT 6
 LESSON
2 GOAL Express gratitude for a favor while traveling
A GRAMMAR
Suggested 5–10 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Tell students they will analyze another use of present and
past unreal conditionals. On the board, write
If it weren’t for . . .
If it hadn’t been for . . .
●
Ask a volunteer to read the explanation in the Student’s
Book. Then tell students to read the pairs of example
sentences under Regret and Relief to themselves. If
necessary, clarify that regret refers to the sadness that
you feel about something because you wish it had not
happened. Relief is a feeling of comfort when something
frightening, worrying, or painful has ended or did not
happen.
●
Elicit an example sentence for each if clause on the
board. Tell students to look carefully for which prompt
is present unreal (the first) and which is past unreal (the
second). Students can come to the board, or you can fill
in the information. (Possible answers: If it weren’t for the
weather, we’d play some tennis. If it hadn’t been for your
advice to leave early, we would have missed our flights.)
Point to each of the students’ statements and ask Does it
express relief or regret? (For the possible answers, the first
one expresses regret, and the second one expresses relief.)
●
Focus students’ attention on the Remember note and
example sentences. Ask Which one is in the present unreal?
(the first) The past unreal? (the second). If students wonder
about the double had point out that this is the correct
way of putting the verb have in the past perfect. Remind
students that if only is used to express regret, not relief.
Inductive Grammar Activity
B FIND THE GRAMMAR
Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Write If it weren’t for and If I hadn’t been rushing on
the board. Tell students to turn to Exercise D, Spotlight,
on page 63 and find conditional sentences that start like
the phrases on the board. Have students decide if each
sentence expresses relief or regret.
●
Call on volunteers for answers.
●
Then ask a volunteer to restate each sentence using If only.
(Possible answers: If only I hadn’t made a stupid mistake,
I wouldn’t be going through this hassle. If only I hadn’t
been rushing for the limo, this wouldn’t have happened.)
Extra Grammar Exercises
C 3:19 UNDERSTAND THE GRAMMAR
Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Pre-listening: Review that regret refers to the sadness that
you feel about something because you wish it had not
happened. Relief is a feeling of comfort when something
frightening, worrying, or painful has ended or did not
happen.
●
Listening: Have students listen to each conversation
and after each one write regret or relief. Stop the audio if
necessary after each conversation. Then have students
listen again to check their answers.
●
Students can compare answers in pairs, or go over the
answers as a class.
LANGUAGE NOTE Drenched means covered in a lot of water
or other liquid; a close one refers to something that almost
happened; to patch things up means to end an argument
and stay friendly.
Option: [+5 minutes] To extend the listening
comprehension practice of this exercise, ask students to
summarize the reason for each instance of regret or relief.
Have them listen again to complete this task. (Possible
answers: 1. The man is relieved because Ben picked him up
while he was standing in the rain. 2. The man is relieved
that they didn’t have an accident. 3. Millie regrets she can’t
go, but she has a bad cold. 4. The man is relieved that the
woman knows how to speak Spanish; otherwise, their
wait would have been much longer. 5. The woman regrets
the flat tire because it made them miss the play. 6. Joanne
regrets not giving her husband more attention; if she had,
they might still be married.)
D 3:20 LISTEN TO ACTIVATE GRAMMAR
Suggested 5–10 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Tell students that their answers will depend on the
present or past unreal conditionals they hear in the audio.
●
Ask students to listen and write in the correct tenses. Then
have them listen again.
●
Let pairs go over answers. If necessary, play the audio
again, and go over any questions as a class.
Challenge: [+5 minutes] Invite students to listen to
the regret statements (3, 5, 6) one more time and write
them down. Then, in pairs, have students rewrite them
with if only. (3. If only I didn’t have this cold, I’d accept that
invitation. 5. If only we didn’t have this flat tire, we’d be
arriving now. 6. If only I hadn’t been so thoughtless, Jeremy
and I would still be married now.)
E GRAMMAR PRACTICE
Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Read the direction line. Ask Which structure do we use
for present unreal? (If it weren’t for) for the past unreal?
(If it hadn’t been for) Tell students to read through the
five statements and decide which ones will require the
present unreal conditional (item 1) and which ones will
require the past unreal conditional (items 2–5).
●
Have students rewrite the sentences.
●
Tell students to compare answers in pairs. Then go over
any questions as a class.
Option: [+5 minutes] Invite students to interpret whether
each statement expresses relief or regret. (1. regret, 2–5 relief)
UNIT 6 LESSON 2 T66
 F GRAMMAR PRACTICE B 3:22 RHYTHM AND INTONATION
Suggested 5 Your actual Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time: teaching time: minutes teaching time:

●
Elicit which statements will require the present unreal ●
Have students repeat chorally. Make sure they:
conditional (1 and 3) and which ones need the past unreal use falling intonation for I wonder if you could do me a
conditional (2 and 4). favor (line 1) and How can I help? (line 2)
●
Ask students to write their statements. Circulate and use emphatic stress on happy in I’d be happy to (line
assist. 5), on fast in That was fast, (line 7), and you in And if it
hadn’t been for you . . . (line 9)
●
Have pairs compare their answers and determine if the
statements express regret or relief.
C CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR
●
Bring the class together to share their answers.
Suggested 5–10 Your actual
Option: [+5 minutes] Ask students to restate regret teaching time: minutes teaching time:
statements using if only.
Conversation Activator Video

NOW YOU CAN Express gratitude for a favor while traveling ●

A 3:21 CONVERSATION SPOTLIGHT
Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
These conversation strategies are implicit in the model:
●
Use I wonder if you could do me a favor to politely ask
someone to do something for you.
●
Use How can I help to voice willingness or eagerness to
help someone.
●
Use I’d be happy to to agree to do something.
●
Use It’s a good thing to introduce a good result.
●
Have students look at the illustration. Ask Where are the
women? (at the airport) How do we know? (The sign is
pointing to Gate 2A) What are they holding? (probably
tickets and boarding passes.)
●
Have students read and listen to the conversation.
●
To check comprehension, ask What does the first woman
ask the second woman? (to keep her place in line) Why?
(She left her phone at the counter.) Does she return
quickly? (yes) What does the woman holding her space say
about the phone? (that it’s a good thing it was still there)
Why is the woman with the phone grateful? (because she
didn’t lose her place in line)
●
Write Would you mind . . . on the board. Then call on
students to complete the statement using the captions to
the illustrations.
Option: [+5 minutes] Ask What example of an unreal
conditional statement do you see in the Conversation
Spotlight? (the last line—And if hadn’t been for you, I would
have lost my place in line) Does the line express regret or
relief? (relief) Is it present or past unreal conditional? (past)
Divide the class into pairs. Instruct students that they will
use the model in Exercise A, Conversation Spotlight, to
role-play their own conversation with a partner.
●
Refer students to the examples of favors next to the
Conversation Spotlight in Exercise A.
●
Reinforce the use of the spotlighted conversation
strategies. For example, I wonder if you could do me a
favor; How can I help; I’d be happy to.
●
Tell students to end the conversation with an unreal
conditional statement starting If it weren’t for you . . . to
express gratitude.
●
Ask a volunteer to read the words under Recycle This
Language. Encourage students to incorporate these
words into their conversation.
●
Bring students’ attention to the Don’t Stop! note. Ask a
volunteer to read the bullet points. Explain that students
should continue talking after they have covered the points
in the original Conversation Spotlight.
●
Tell students to change roles, so each student gets a
chance to play A and B.
For more support, play the Conversation Activator Video
before students do this activity themselves. After the video,
ask students how the model has been changed by the
actors. Note: You can print the script or you can view it on
the video player on the ActiveTeach.
Conversation Activator: Speaking Booster

T67 UNIT 6 LESSON 2

 F GRAMMAR PRACTICE First complete the statements with true information, using if it weren’t for
or if it hadn’t been for. Then take turns reading your information with a partner. Answers will vary but may include
the following:
1 I wouldn’t speak English this well if it weren’t for the semester I spent in London. .
2 I would [or wouldn’t] have traveled outside of my country if it hadn’t been for the political. .
3 I would [or wouldn’t] be a great athlete if it weren’t for supportive family. .
4 I would [or wouldn’t] have gone out last night if it hadn’t been for the snow. .

NOW YOU CAN Express gratitude for a favor while traveling

TO GATE 2A
A 3:21 CONVERSATION SPOTLIGHT
Read and listen. Notice the spotlighted conversation strategies.
A: Excuse me. I wonder if you could do me a favor.
B: No problem. How can I help?
A: I think I left my phone at the counter. Would you mind
keeping my place in line?
B: Not at all. I’d be happy to.
A: Thanks. I’ll be right back.
…
B: Well, that was fast! It’s a good thing your phone
was still there.
A: And if it hadn’t been for you, I would have lost my
place in line. Thanks!

B 3:22 RHYTHM AND INTONATION

Listen again and repeat. Then
practice the conversation with
a partner.

DIGITAL
VIDEO C CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR
DIGITAL Create a similar conversation,
SPEAKING
BOOSTER using one of the pictures or
another idea. Start like this:
Excuse me. I wonder if you could
do me a favor… Be sure to change
roles and then partners.
… giving me a hand
with this bag?

… keeping an eye on my things?

don’t stop!
• Explain why you need help.
• Explain the possible consequences
of not getting help.
• Continue the conversation with
small talk.
• Say as much as you can.

RECYCLE THIS LANGUAGE

• No sweat. • Don’t freak out.
• I’m off. • Anytime. … grabbing that bag off the caro
• Wish me luck! usel?

… pointing me in the right direction?

67
 3
LESSON
GOAL Discuss staying safe on the Internet

A READING WARM-UP Do you use public Wi-Fi away from home? Why or why not?
DIGITAL
STRATEGIES B 3:23 READING Read about problems with public Wi-Fi. What surprised you the most?
Answers will vary but may include the following:
I was surprised at how important it is to use fully encrypted sites when using public Wi-Fi.

So it’s your first trip away from home, and you’ve got your
USING PUBLIC smartphone, your tablet, or laptop with you, and you plan to keep HOW TO TELL IF A WEBSITE

WI-FI up with everything and stay in touch while you’re away. You’re
thinking, “No sweat. There are Wi-Fi hotspots everywhere,
and it’s free. Well, before you lull yourself into a false sense of
IS ENCRYPTED
To determine if a website is encrypted,

NETWORKS security, consider the downside of all that free Wi-Fi.

If you connect to a public Wi-Fi network
and send information through websites
or mobile apps, it might be accessed by
someone else who can, for example, use
your credit information to make online
purchases. OK. That’s not the end of
the world, you say, because an unusual
buying pattern usually trips a “fraud
alert” at the credit card company. They’ll
contact you, and you’ll confirm you
didn’t make the purchase. The card will
be canceled, limiting or preventing any
damage, so no harm done.
But here’s a downside: An imposter
could use your e-mail account to
impersonate you and scam people in
your contact lists. In addition, a hacker
could test your username and password
to try to gain access to other websites—including
sites that store your financial information.
Worst case scenario? Someone could actually
steal your financial identity and pose as you to clean
out your bank accounts, removing all your hard-
earned money. Repairing a stolen identity can take
a long time and cause a lot of hassle. Identity theft is
no joke. Prevent it at all costs.
So beware: If you send e-mail, share digital
photos and videos, use social networks, or bank
online, you’re sending personal information over the
Internet. How to protect yourself? Think encryption.
Encryption scrambles the information you send
over the Internet into a code so it’s unintelligible and
therefore not accessible to others. If you’re on a
public wireless hotspot, send personal information
only to sites that are fully encrypted, and avoid using
any mobile apps that require personal or financial
information.
And don’t just assume a Wi-Fi hotspot
is secure either. Most don’t encrypt the
information you send over the Internet and
aren’t secure. In fact, if a network doesn’t
require a WPA or WPA2 password, it’s
probably not secure, and your personal
information, private documents,
contacts, family photos, and even
your log-in credentials (your username
and password) for any site you enter
could be up for grabs.
look for “https” at the start of the web
address (the “s” is for “secure”). Some
websites use encryption only on the
sign-in page, but if any part of your
session isn’t encrypted, your entire
account could be vulnerable. Look for
“https” on every page you visit, not
just when you sign in.
TIPS FOR USING WI-FI
SECURELY
Log in or send personal information
only to websites you know are fully
encrypted. If you find yourself on an
unencrypted page, log out right away.
Don’t stay permanently signed in to
an account. When you’ve finished
using an account, log out.
Do not use the same password on
different websites. It could give
someone who gains access to one of
your accounts access to many of your
accounts.
For more control over when and how
your device uses public Wi-Fi, consider
changing your settings so your device
doesn’t connect automatically.

C UNDERSTAND MEANING FROM CONTEXT Match each definition with a word or phrase from the article.
d 1 a person who fraudulently claims to be someone else a a fraud alert
f 2 the location on a website where you identify yourself in order to enter b identity theft
e 3 a general term for the username and password you use to identify yourself c impersonate
g 4 the disadvantage of something d an imposter
a 5 a warning that someone else might be using your credit card e log-in credentials
c 6 pretend to be someone else f a sign-in page
h 7 a place where one can access the Internet, usually for free g downside
b 8 the use of someone’s financial information in order to steal h a wireless hotspot

68 UNIT 6
 LESSON
3 GOAL Discuss staying safe on the Internet

A READING WARM-UP C UNDERSTAND MEANING FROM CONTEXT

Suggested 5 Your actual Suggested 5–10 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time: teaching time: minutes teaching time:

●
Ask a student to read the questions. Poll the class. Invite ●
Have students work in pairs to match the terms to
students to share why they do or do not use Wi-Fi away their meanings. For items students are not sure about,
from home. tell them to find the words and phrases in the reading
and look at words that come before and after to help
B 3:23 READING understand the meaning.
Suggested 10–15 Your actual
●
Circulate and assist as needed.
teaching time: minutes teaching time: ●
Bring the class together and go over the answers.
●
Have students look at the picture. Ask Where are these Option: [+5 minutes] In pairs, have students practice
people? (It looks like a café where there is public Wi-Fi.) using the terms in their own sentences. Tell them to make
Do you ever take a computer or other device to a café or statements about their own lives. For example, I change my
other public place? log-in credentials pretty often. This keeps my account safe.
●
As students read and listen, tell them to underline Extra Reading Comprehension Questions
information in the article that will help them answer the
focus question in the direction line.
●
Together as a class, have volunteers share their answers to
the focus question.

LANGUAGE NOTE To lull means to be made to feel safe so

that one is surprised when something bad happens; to trip
means to activate; an imposter is a person who pretends to
be someone else to fool people; a worst-case scenario is the
most unpleasant thing that could happen.

Reading Strategies

UNIT 6 LESSON 3 T68

 D PARAPHRASE B GROUP WORK
Suggested 10–15 Your actual Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time: teaching time: minutes teaching time:

●
Review that to paraphrase is to express briefly or ●
Invite a volunteer to read the model answer. Ask Does
differently something that someone else has said or anyone in this class do this?
written. Stress the importance of using one’s own words. ●
Divide the class into small groups and have students
●
First have students scan the article for the specific lines compare their answers in the chart. If students answer
and underline them. (1. paragraph 2; 2. the violet Always or Sometimes for the last two items, invite them to
introductory paragraph; 3. paragraph 4; 4. paragraph explain how they do this.
5; 5. box at upper right) Tell students they will refer to ●
Finally, invite volunteers to the board to write the
context if needed. additional things they do to stay secure on the Internet.
●
Ask a volunteer to read the first line and model Challenge: [+5 minutes] Have students reread the
paraphrase. Then have students paraphrase the rest of the model answer. Invite students to work in pairs to come up
items. Circulate and assist as needed. Students can work with a system for scrambling passwords. Tell them it should
in pairs if they get stuck. be something that makes the password easy to remember.
●
Bring the class together and invite students to share their Then invite students to share if they write down passwords
paraphrases. Comment and help students improve them. anywhere (e.g., on a piece of paper, in a password vault on
Make sure students sufficiently change the statements the computer).
and don’t copy any of them word for word.
Challenge: [+5 minutes] Invite students to paraphrase
the violet introductory paragraph. (Possible answer:
Imagine this . . . You’re traveling for the first time. You have
your electronic device, and you plan to stay connected with
everyone and everything back home. You think to yourself,
“This will be easy—free Wi-Fi hotspots are all over the
place.” Don’t get too comfortable just yet. There are many
dangers to keep mind!)

E FIND SUPPORTING DETAILS

Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:

●
Have students work in pairs to discuss and answer the
questions.
●
Circulate and help students locate answers if they need
help (answers to items 1 and 2 are in the box titled “How
to Tell if a Website Is Encrypted;” the answer to item 3 is in
the box titled “Tips for Using Wi-fi Securely;” the answer
to item 4 is in paragraph 2; and the answer to item 5 is in
paragraph 1).

Extra Challenge Reading Activity

NOW YOU CAN Discuss staying safe on the Internet

A FRAME YOUR IDEAS

Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:

●
Have volunteers read the statements out loud.
●
Give students a few minutes to check their answers in the
chart.

T69 UNIT 6 PREVIEW

 D PARAPHRASE On a separate sheet of paper, paraphrase each of the following
statements from the article. Answers will vary but may include the following:
1 “An imposter could use your e-mail account to impersonate A person could pretend to be you and
you and scam people in your contact lists.” trick people in your contact lists.
2 “Before you lull yourself into a false sense of security, consider
the downside of all that free Wi-Fi.” It’s a mistake to believe that free Wi-Fi is secure.
3 “Encryption scrambles the information you send over the Internet into a code so it’s
unintelligible and therefore not accessible to others.” Your information is mixed up so that other people can’t read it.
4 “If a network doesn’t require a WPA or WPA2 password, it’s probably not secure, and
your personal information, private documents, contacts, family photos, and even
your login credentials … could be up for grabs.” Networks that don’t require a WPA or WPA2 password are
probably not secure and can put your personal data at risk.
5 “To determine if a website is encrypted, look for “https” at the start of the web
address (the ‘s’ is for ‘secure’).” To see if a website can protect your information, look for “https” at the beginning
of the web address.
E FIND SUPPORTING DETAILS With a partner, discuss and answer the questions. Support
your answers with information from the article.
1 What should you look for when sending information to a website when you’re using a
public Wi-Fi network?
You should look for “https” at the start of the web address to check if the site is encrypted.
2 How can you know whether a Wi-Fi network is secure?
The “s” in “https” indicates that the site is secure. You should look for the “https” on every page you visit, not just where you sign in.
3 What should you do after concluding your online banking when on a public Wi-Fi network?
You should log out right away after concluding online banking while on a public Wi-Fi network.
4 What could happen if a hacker gained access to your contact list?
If a hacker gained access to your contact list, he could impersonate you and scam people.
DIGITAL 5 What might happen if a credit card company discerns purchases on your card that
EXTRA
CHALLENGE are not ones you typically make? An unusual spending pattern usually results in a fraud alert by the credit card company.

NOW YOU CAN Discuss staying safe on the Internet

A FRAME YOUR IDEAS Complete the chart with what you do to stay secure on the Internet—
at home or away.
Always Sometimes Never
I use public Wi-Fi hotspots.
I check to see if a website is encrypted.
I use different passwords on different sites.
I set my mobile device to automatically connect to nearby Wi-Fi.
I protect myself against credit card fraud.
I actively prevent my identity from being stolen.

B GROUP WORK Compare your answers in a small group.

Discuss which practices you were familiar with and which
were new to you. Then add at least one other thing you
do to keep yourself secure on the Internet.

I change all my passwords once a week.

I have a system for scrambling them that
makes it easy for me to remember them.

69
 4
LESSON
GOAL Talk about lost, stolen, or damaged property

DIGITAL
STRATEGIES A 3:24 LISTENING WARM-UP WORD STUDY PAST PARTICIPLES AS NOUN MODIFIERS
The past participles of transitive verbs can function as noun modifiers. They can precede or
follow the noun they modify. Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

“My tire was damaged.

I took my damaged tire
to the garage.”

“My passport was

lost. Luckily, the
“My purse was stolen police found the
at a store. I found the lost passport.”
stolen purse (without
my wallet!) at the back
of the store.”

B WORD STUDY PRACTICE 1 Choose five more past participles of transitive verbs from the chart
on page 122. Write a sentence with each one, using the examples in Exercise A as a model.

C WORD STUDY PRACTICE 2 On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite each sentence that contains
an underlined object pronoun, using a participial adjective as a noun modifier.
1 When Julie took her skirt out of the closet, she saw that it She took the stained skirt to the cleaners.
was stained. She took it to the cleaners.
2 While we were at the train station, I found a pair of sunglasses
that were lost. I gave them to the Lost and Found. I gave the pair of lost sunglasses
to the Lost and Found. PRONUNCIATION
3 After walking up the steps to the pyramid, I noticed that the BOOSTER p. 147
heel of my shoe was broken. The guy in the shoe repair stand • Regular past participle endings
fixed it in less than ten minutes. The guy in the shoe repair stand fixed the broken • Reduction in perfect modals
heel of my shoe in less than ten minutes.
4 We reported that our hotel room had been burglarized.
The front desk sent someone to look at it. The front desk sent someone to look
at our burglarized hotel room.
5 The repair shop sells bargain suitcases that are damaged. It’s a
good deal because you can pay to have them repaired cheaply. It’s a good
deal because you can pay to have the damaged bargain suitcases repaired cheaply.
DIGITAL
STRATEGIES D 3:25 LISTEN FOR MAIN IDEAS Listen to Part 1 of a radio report.
Write a checkmark next to the statement that best expresses its main idea.
Put your name on your luggage to avoid loss or delay.
✓ Know what to do to avoid luggage loss or delay.
Don’t check bags that can be carried onto the plane. Keep your copy
of the luggage
check in case
E 3:26 LISTEN TO CONFIRM CONTENT Listen again. Write a checkmark next to the tips Tina your bag is lost
or delayed.
Traveler gave listeners. Write an X next to any tips on the list she didn’t give.
✓ 1 Put your address on your luggage inside and out.
✗ 2 Request reimbursement for toiletries if your baggage is delayed.
✓ 3 File a claim with your airline if your bags are lost.
✓ 4 Provide sales receipts to prove what you paid for the
clothes in your lost luggage.
✗ 5 Don’t put your prescription medicines in your checked bag.
✓ 6 Keep luggage checks for checked baggage in case you have
to make a claim.
70 UNIT 6
 LESSON
4 GOAL Talk about lost, stolen, or damaged property
A 3:24 LISTENING WARM-UP
Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Read the explanation of past participles as noun modifiers.
Call on volunteers to read the sentences in the speech
bubbles. Point out how in the first sentence of each pair,
the noun modifier follows the noun it modifies; in the
second sentence of each pair, the noun modifier precedes
the nouns it modifies. Students may ask whether these
sentences are in passive voice. The sentences in the speech
bubbles do appear to be the same structure as passive
voice sentences, but some are what is referred to as stative
passives. Stative passives describe a condition rather than
an action. Examples of stative passives are: I am married
to Edward. She isn't interested in learning to drive. Stative
passives aren't followed by a by phrase because there is no
action. (Any actions occurred previously.)
●
Have students read and listen to the list of words.
●
Then have them listen again and repeat.
Option: [+5 minutes] You may choose to review that
transitive verbs are verbs that take a direct object (in
comparison with intransitive verbs like go, arrive, and sit
that do not take a direct object). Then elicit the base verb
form of the past participles used as noun modifiers in the
speech bubbles, and write them on the board: damage,
steal, lose. Ask students to suggest sentences with direct
objects. (Possible answers: I damaged my tire. Someone
stole my purse. I lost my passport.)
Vocabulary-Building Strategies
B WORD STUDY PRACTICE 1
Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Have students work in pairs to make a list of five or more
transitive verbs. If students are not sure, tell them to ask
themselves Can the word take a direct object? If it can, it is
a transitive verb. (Possible answers: read, eat, want, kick,
write, clean)
●
Combine pairs into groups of four. Have them swap lists
and check that the verbs can take direct objects.
Ask pairs to use the verbs from their lists as noun
●
modifiers in sentences, following the models in the
speech bubbles in Exercise A.
C WORD STUDY PRACTICE 2
Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Have students read the first sentence in item 1. Ask What is
the noun modifier in the first sentence? (stained) Does it follow
or precede the noun it modifies? (follows) Then focus on the
second sentence. Ask What does the underlined it refer to?
(the skirt) What noun modifier can be used to describe the
skirt? (stained) Call on a volunteer to read the model answer.
●
Ask students to do the remaining items individually or
in pairs. Circulate as students work. If necessary, guide
students: 2. What does them refer to? (sunglasses) What
is the noun modifier? (lost) 3. What does it refer to? (shoe)
What is the noun modifier? (broken) 4. What does it refer
to? (hotel room) What is the noun modifier? (burglarized)
5. What does them refer to? (bargain suitcases) What is the
noun modifier? (damaged) For item 5, you may need to
point out the compound noun “bargain suitcases.”
PRONUNCIATION
Option: BOOSTER (Teaching notes p. T147)
Pronunciation Pair Work
D 3:25 LISTEN FOR MAIN IDEAS
Suggested 5–10 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Pre-listening: Have students look at the two photos. Ask
What do you think happened to the woman? (Her luggage
never arrived.) How does she feel? (Possible answers:
frustrated, annoyed, upset) Have you ever been in this
situation? Focus on the photo of the suitcase. Ask Why are
destination labels on luggage important? (They show the
destination to which you are traveling.) Do you usually
check the destination on the label to make sure the bag will
travel to the same place that you are traveling?
●
Ask Based on the photos, can you predict the main idea of
the report? Have students check in pencil.
●
Listening: Ask students to listen once. If necessary, have
them listen again.
●
Have students check the main idea and then discuss it
with the class. Then ask Did you guess correctly? Are the
other statements mentioned in the report? (Yes, both are,
but they are details, not the main idea.)
Listening Strategies
E 3:26 LISTEN TO CONFIRM CONTENT
Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
●
Pre-listening: First have students read the tips and check
the ones they believe were mentioned.
●
Listening: Ask students to listen once and then complete
the exercise. If necessary, have students listen again.
●
Go over the answers as a class.
Challenge: [+5 minutes] On the board, write 5 tips
to prevent loss of airline luggage. Tell students that the
reporter ends the report with five tips to prevent luggage
loss. Students will write these the best they can remember.
If necessary, students can listen again. Then bring the class
together to go over the answers. Write the tips on the board
as students list them. (1. Put your name on the outside and
inside of every bag, and put an itinerary inside the bag.
2. Don’t check in late and avoid tight connections. 3. Don’t
put expensive things like computers and cameras in checked
bags, as these won’t be reimbursed. 4. Keep an itemized list
of what you have in each bag. 5. Make sure the destination
the airline puts on your bag is actually your destination.)
Then, in pairs or small groups, have students discuss which
of these things they actually do. Ask Will you incorporate
any of these tips into your travels after reading this article?
UNIT 6 LESSON 4 T70
 F LISTEN TO UNDERSTAND MEANING
3:27
NOW YOU CAN Talk about lost, stolen, or damaged property
FROM CONTEXT
Suggested 5–10 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time: A NOTEPADDING
Suggested 5 Your actual
●
Call on a volunteer to read the words in the box. Then teaching time: minutes teaching time:
have students work individually to complete the exercise.
●
Call on volunteers to read the headings and the model
●
Play the audio and have students listen for the specific answer.
words in context to check that they completed the
statements correctly.
●
Ask students to write their own answer. If students
haven't had a personal experience of this sort, ask them
●
Have students compare answers with a partner. if they know anyone who has. Tell them they can write
about another person's experience or one they have
G 3:28 LISTEN FOR DETAILS heard of.
Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
B DISCUSSION
●
Pre-listening: Invite students to look at the photo. Ask Suggested 5 Your actual
What do you think an unclaimed baggage center is? Do you teaching time: minutes teaching time:
think it is a store? ●
Call on a student to read the model answer. Review that
●
First listening: With students’ books closed, have the expression to be toast means to be in trouble.
students listen to the report. Then let students look at the ●
Then have students discuss in pairs or small groups. Refer
questions individually and answer as many of them as
them to the vocabulary list in Exercise F and the word
they can.
study in Exercise A.
●
Second listening: Have students listen again and answer
Discussion: Speaking Booster
any questions they did not answer before.
●
Go over the answers as a class. Focus on item 3. Ask How OPTIONAL WRITING [+15–20 minutes]
do we know there is only one store? (The report says it’s ●
Have students write the story they notepadded about and
a one-of-a-kind store in the United States.) Make sure
discussed in Exercises A and B. Remind them to use the
students understand one-of-a-kind means unique; the
vocabulary list in Exercise F and other vocabulary from
only one. Point out that this adjective can be applied to
this unit. Encourage them to apply what they learned in
describe people, places, or things. Elicit other examples.
the word study in Exercise A. For example: My suitcase
(Possible answers: one-of-a-kind cake, hotel, friend,
wasn’t lost, but it was badly damaged. The wheels were
island)
broken, and it was stained.
Offer an opportunity for peer review in class, or collect
H DISCUSSION
●

student work and provide individual feedback.

Suggested 5 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:

●
Divide the class into groups of two or three and discuss
shopping in the Unclaimed Baggage Center.
●
Then bring the class together and poll who would shop at
the store. Ask What type of items would you buy?
Option: [+5 minutes] Ask Do you think people should
have access to their belongings even after a claim has been
settled? For example, if a piece of luggage that was thought to
be lost was eventually found.

T71 UNIT 6 PREVIEW

 F 3:27 LISTEN TO UNDERSTAND MEANING FROM CONTEXT a claim luggage checks
Listen again and complete each statement with one of these words a connecting flight receipts
or phrases from Tina Traveler’s advice. depreciated reimburse
an itinerary toiletries
1 Cosmetics are an example of toiletries .
2 The list of places and dates of your travel is an itinerary .
3 A value lower than the price you paid because the item isn’t new is its depreciated value.
4 If you take two flights to get somewhere, the second one is called a connecting flight .
5 Slips of paper showing the destination of your checked luggage are luggage checks .
6 Slips of paper showing what you paid for something you bought are receipts .
7 A form that records loss, delay, or damage to property is a claim .
8 If the airline pays you money to compensate you for a damaged bag, they reimburse you.

G 3:28 LISTEN FOR DETAILS Listen to Part 2 of Tina Traveler’s report. Then answer the
questions. Listen again if necessary.
1 What is the Unclaimed Baggage Center? It’s a store where they sell
unclaimed luggage from airlines.
2 What’s the difference between the Unclaimed Baggage Center and
a Lost and Found office? The items in the UBC have been paid for by the
airlines through settled claims.
3 How many stores does the Center have? One.
4 Where does the Unclaimed Baggage Center get its merchandise?
It gets it from airlines when baggage is unclaimed.
5 How does it decide what to buy and what not to buy? They only take
things which the airlines have settled and paid claims on.
6 What does the center do before selling merchandise? It cleans it, clears
out data, and prices it.
7 What does it do with merchandise it can’t sell? It donates it to charity
or recycles it.

H DISCUSSION Would you shop at the Unclaimed Baggage Center?

Explain why or why not.

NOW YOU CAN Talk about lost, stolen, or damaged property

A NOTEPADDING Write notes about a time your property was lost, stolen, or damaged when you
were traveling. Use words and phrases from Exercise F in your description if possible.

when / where / what?: 2016 / Orlando USA / guitar

guitar. It wasn’t transferred to my connecting
brief summary and outcome: The airline made me check my
flight in Panama. It was found and delivered to our hotel the next day.

when / where / what?:

brief summary and outcome:

“
DIGITAL
SPEAKING B DISCUSSION Discuss the events you I freaked out when I didn’t see the guitar case on
BOOSTER
wrote about on your notepad. Discuss what the carousel. If it hadn’t been for the baggage
happened to your property and what the
final outcome was. Respond to your partner.
check, I would have been toast!
”
 OPTIONAL WRITING Write about the event you
“ It’s a good thing you saved that check!
”
discussed. Include as many details as possible. Use the words
and phrases from Exercise F and other vocabulary from this unit.
71
 WRITING A comparison and contrast essay

A WRITING SKILL Study the rules.

Choose one of these formats for organizing your supporting paragraphs when you want to compare and
contrast places, objects, people, ideas, etc., in an essay. (Be sure to include expressions of comparison
and contrast.)
WRITING MODEL
Introductory paragraph (Introductory paragraph)
Begin with an introductory Public and private transportation have both advantages and disadvantages, so it is
paragraph that says what fortunate to have options. To make a choice, you can take into account convenience,
you are going to compare cost, destination, and the needs and tastes of the people you are traveling with.
Other factors to consider are the length of the trip and (if it is important to you) the
and contrast. environmental impact of the means of transportation you choose.

Supporting paragraphs (Format A)

Choose Format A or B to
present and support your
ideas.
Format A: Discuss
the similarities in one
paragraph and the
differences in another.
Public and private transportation provide clear advantages for most people. They
are similar in certain ways: Both are convenient and cut travel time, allowing people to
travel farther to work or school. And with the exception of a bicycle, all vehicles used in
public and private transportation are capable of providing a level of comfort available
with modern technology, such as air-conditioning and heating.
On the other hand, public and private transportation are different in more ways than
they are similar. Cars and bicycles offer a level of privacy and convenience not available
in public transportation. You can make your own schedule, take a detour, and not have
to pay fares or deal with people you don’t want to be with. However, it is only with
public transportation that you can move around, relax, and not have to pay attention to
traffic or weather conditions.

OR

Format B: Alternatively, (Format B)

you can focus on one
specific aspect of the topic
in each paragraph, and
discuss the similarities
and differences within
each paragraph.
Regarding scheduling, private and public transportation are very different. When
you travel by car, you can make your own schedule and stop when and where you want.
Nevertheless, when you travel by bus or train you know exactly when you’ll arrive,
making planning easy.
In terms of comfort, private transportation has the clear advantage. Public
transportation may be crowded and …

Concluding paragraph (Concluding paragraph)

Summarize your main Most people choose to use a mix of private and public transportation, depending
ideas in a concluding on circumstances. However, if I could choose only one means of transportation, I’d go
paragraph. with the car. It has its disadvantages, but I like to travel alone or only with my family and
to be able to make my own schedule. All in all, I’d say I’m a car person.

DIGITAL
WRITING B APPLY THE WRITING SKILL On a separate sheet of paper, write an essay comparing
PROCESS
and contrasting two means of transportation. Include the paragraph types and
formats shown in Exercise A. Use expressions of comparison and contrast.

Expressions to introduce comparisons and contrasts:

Comparisons Contrasts SELF-CHECK
Similarly, While / Whereas …
Likewise, Unlike … Did I use expressions of comparison
By the same token, Nonetheless, and contrast?
In similar fashion, Nevertheless, Does my essay have an introductory
… as well In contrast, and a concluding paragraph?
… don’t either On the other hand, Do the supporting paragraphs follow
However, one of the formats illustrated above?

72 UNIT 6
 WRITING A comparison and contrast essay

A WRITING SKILL B APPLY THE WRITING SKILL

Suggested 10–15 Your actual Suggested 10–15 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time: teaching time: minutes teaching time:

●
Tell the class they are going to learn how to write a ●
Focus on the expressions to introduce comparisons
comparison and contrast essay. Write on the board: and contrasts. Ask What are some expressions we use to
similarities differences compare things? (similarly, likewise, as well, doesn’t either)
How about contrast? (while, whereas, unlike, in contrast,
Ask What does it mean to compare and contrast?
on the other hand)
(compare = describe similarities; contrast = describe
differences)
●
Ask students to find and underline some of these
expressions in the examples for format A and format B (A:
●
Read the introduction under Writing Skill. Reiterate that
On the other Hand; however B: Nevertheless)
there are two ways to organize a comparison and contrast
essay.
●
Have students think of two means of transportation
they want to compare and then take notes regarding
●
Focus students’ attention on the left column. Call on
their similarities and differences. Students might want to
a student to read aloud the information about the
explore hassles of the two modes of transportation as part
introductory paragraph. Then ask students to silently read
of comparing them.
the introductory paragraph in the example on the right.
Ask What is the writer going to compare in his essay? (public
●
Refer students to the Writing Process Worksheet in
and private transportation) What will the essay describe ActiveTeach for guidance with pre-writing and peer
about these two means of transportation? (similarities and feedback.
differences) ●
Encourage students to use the Self-Check in the Student’s
●
Read the information about supporting paragraphs. Call Book to go over the essays they wrote.
on a volunteer to read about format A. Then ask students Option: [+5 minutes] Time permitting, students can
to silently read the example for format A on the right. exchange papers with a partner and offer feedback using
Ask What does the first paragraph discuss? (similarities of the topics in the Self-Check list. Encourage partners to also
private and public transportation) What does the second check for examples.
paragraph discuss? (differences of private and public
Writing Process
transportation)
●
Call on a student to read about format B. Then ask
students to silently read the example for format B on
the right. Ask What does the first paragraph discuss?
(scheduling regarding each type of transportation) What
does the second paragraph discuss (comfort regarding each
type of transportation)
●
Call on a student to read about the concluding paragraph.
Then ask students to silently read the example of a
conclusion on the right.

LANGUAGE NOTE Compare generally means to describe

both similarities and differences. In formal essay writing,
the genre of writing called compare and contrast uses to
compare to mean to show similarities.

UNIT 6 WRITING T72

 review
Digital Game C
Suggested 5 Your actual
A 3:29 teaching time: minutes teaching time:

Suggested 10–15 Your actual ●

Have students make the corrections. Refer them to the
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
Vocabulary in Exercise B on page 62 if they need help.
●
First listening: Have students listen once. ●
Let students compare answers with a partner.
●
Second listening: Have them listen again and plan their
summaries. To help students organize information, on the D
board, write:
Suggested 5 Your actual
Where: teaching time: minutes teaching time:

What happened: ●
If students need to review any terms, refer them to
How resolved: Exercise D, Spotlight, on page 63. Then have them
complete the exercise.
If necessary, have students listen again.
●
Go over the answers as a class.
●
Circulate as students work. If necessary, help students use
the guide on the board. (1. security checkpoint, shampoo Option: TEST-TAKING SKILLS BOOSTER (p. 156)
and aftershave confiscated, not resolved—not reimbursed;
2. outside airport, airport bus ran over suitcase, will file EXTRA
a claim—bought a new bag in meantime; 3. at airport
arrivals, suitcase damaged, will file a claim)
●
Workbook
●
MyEnglishLab
●
Call on volunteers to share summaries. ●
Online Student Resources (www.english.com/
summit3e)
B – Classroom Audio Program
Suggested 5 Your actual
– Extra Practice Activities
teaching time: minutes teaching time: – Summit GO App
– Web Projects
●
Gives students a few minutes to read the statements ●
ActiveTeach
and decide if they describe present or past unreal – Assessment
conditionals. (1, 4, and 5 are present; 2 and 3 are past) – Additional Printable Resources
●
After students complete the exercise, have them compare Audioscripts and Answer Keys
answers with a partner. “Can-Do” Self-Assessment Charts
Conversation and Discussion Activator Video Scripts
Option: [+5 minutes] Ask Do the exercise items show
Oral Progress Assessment Charts
regret or relief? (They all show regret.) Invite students to
Reading Speed Calculator
restate the items using If only. (1. If only the security line
– Summit TV Video Program
weren’t so long, I would get a cup of coffee. 2. If only my
Activity Worksheets
first flight hadn’t been delayed, my checked bags wouldn’t
Teaching Notes
have missed the connection. 3. If only there hadn’t been all
Video Scripts
the broken glass on the road, we wouldn’t have had a flat
tire. 4. If only there were no storm, Martin would be here.
5. If only my leg weren’t broken, I would be skiing right
now.)

T73 UNIT 6 REVIEW

DIGITAL
GAME review
A 3:29 Listen to three conversations. On the notepad, summarize what happened
in each conversation.

Conversation Summary
The airlines confiscates a passenger’s shampoo and aftershave due to the size of
1
the containers.

2
A man’s suitcase was crushed under the airport bus. He got a new one and
switched his clothing. He will file a claim.

3
A woman’s bag was damaged in transport. She will file a claim. She has the sales
receipt for the bag.

B Choose the correct verb phrase to complete each statement.

1 If it weren’t for this long security line, I (will / would) get a cup of coffee.
2 If it hadn’t been for the delay in my first flight, my checked bags (wouldn’t miss / wouldn’t have missed)
the connection.
3 We wouldn’t have had a flat tire if it (weren’t / hadn’t been) for all the broken glass on the road.
4 Martin would be here if it (weren’t / wouldn’t be) for this storm.
5 If it (weren’t / wouldn’t be) for my broken leg, I would be skiing right now.

C Replace the words or phrases that are crossed out in each statement with ones that make sense.
1 The compartment over your airline seat where you can place your suitcase is the carousel. overhead compartment
2 Before you can board an airplane, you have to go through a missed connection. check in
3 If you park in an illegal space, you might get a flat tire or, even worse, your car might get a breakdown.
ticket, towed
4 A checked bag is one that you take on board with you when you get on a flight. carry-on

D Choose the correct idiom or expression.

1 If you can’t remember something you’re sure you should be able to, you can say, “ ”
a I’m toast. b I’m drawing a blank.
2 When you want to indicate you’re about to leave, you can say, “ ”
a I’m off. b I’ll cross that bridge when I come to it.
3 If you want to reassure someone that a task won’t be hard at all, you can say, “ ”
a No sweat. b It’s a good thing.
4 When you think something terrible is definitely going to happen, you can say, “ ”
a I’m off. b I’m toast.
5 When you’re sure you’ve concluded something correctly, you can say, “ ”
a I’m drawing a blank. b It’s a safe bet.

Web Project: Travel Nightmares

TEST-TAKING SKILLS BOOSTER p. 156 www.english.com/summit3e

73