PHY05P: General Physics 1 1st Term, A.Y.

2018-2019

PHYSICS
An Overview
Malcolm Jayson G. Calicsihan
WHY STUDY PHYSICS?
1. Because it is required in my curriculum!

2. Physics is the science from which other natural and

engineering sciences are built.

3. Physics can help us acquire better understanding of our

surroundings.
4. Physics is fun! Errr…. Really! 
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PHY05P: General Physics 1 1st Term, A.Y. 2018-2019

UNITS
Standards, Systems, and Conversion
Malcolm Jayson G. Calicsihan
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Recall significant figures

2. Recall scientific notations

3. Recall different metric systems

4. Recall conversion of units

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RULES ON SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

1. All non-zero digits are always significant.

Example: 43 (2 SF), 285 (3 SF), 52891 (5 SF)

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RULES ON SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

2. Zeroes placed between non-zero digits are significant.

Example: 403 (3 SF), 20805 (5 SF), 5208901 (7 SF)

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RULES ON SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

3. Trailing zeroes are significant if the last zero has a line

above it or it comes with a decimal point. Leading zeroes are
not significant.
Example: 7.000 (4 SF), 0.129 (3 SF), 0.034820 (5 SF)
8150000 (7SF)

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RULES ON SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
Example: How many significant figure/s are in the following examples?
NUMBER SIGNIFICANT FIGURE/S

324
808
650
0.0823
12.76
800.0000
409.560
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RULES ON SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
Addition/Subtraction
The number of decimal places in the sum/difference
depends on the number with the least number of
decimal places.

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RULES ON SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
Addition/Subtraction

57.23 + 16.4098 = 73.6398 𝟕𝟑. 𝟔𝟒

360.7 − 214.195978 = 146.504022 𝟏𝟒𝟔. 𝟓

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RULES ON SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
Multiplication/Division
The number of significant figures in the product or
quotient depends on the number with the least
number of significant figures.

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RULES ON SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
Multiplication/Division

72.4 × 0.03508 = 2.539792 𝟐. 𝟓𝟒

61.400 ÷ 0.70 = 87.71428571 𝟖𝟖

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SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
𝒏
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 = 𝑴𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒂 × 𝟏𝟎
Note: 1 ≤ 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑎 < 10

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SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
Examples:

130000.00 𝟏. 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓

0.000460 𝟒. 𝟔𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒

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UNCERTAINTIES

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UNCERTAINTIES
Measurements always have uncertainties.

12.25 ± 1 mm
± 8.16 Ω ± 10%

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UNIT
Any number that is used to describe a physical
phenomenon quantitatively is called a physical quantity.

The unit is the standard used in a measurement.

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UNIT
Q: What physical quantities are commonly used to
describe a person?

A complete measurement consists both a physical

quantity and a unit.

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UNIT SYSTEMS
1. Metric System
-Established in 1799 by the French Academy of Sciences

-Since 1960, it has been known as the SI

2. English/British/Imperial System

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UNIT SYSTEM PREFIXES

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UNIT SYSTEMS
Metric System
MKS CGS
meter centimeter
kilogram gram
second second
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FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES
A fundamental quantity is a physical quantity that is not based
on other physical quantities.

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FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES
QUANTITY SI Unit Abbreviation
Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Current ampere A
Temperature kelvin K
Amount of a Substance mole mol
Luminous Intensity candela cd
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FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES
Length
-The meter is the distance that a light beam
travels in vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.

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FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES
Mass
-One Kilogram is defined
as the mass of the
international prototype
in Paris

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FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES
Time
-One Second is the interval
during which 9,192,631,770
oscillations of the e-wave
corresponding to the
transition between two
specific states of cesium-
133.

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DERIVED QUANTITIES
A derived quantity is a physical quantity that is based on other
physical quantities.

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CONVERSION FACTORS

METRIC ENGLISH
2.54 cm 1 inch
1 kg 2.205 lb
1 km 0.621 mi

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Example:

Hodor has a mass of

168 kilograms. What is
his mass in pounds?

EXAMPLE UNIT CONVERSION

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 Example:

Danaerys Targaryen
stands at 5’2”. What is
her height in meters?

EXAMPLE UNIT CONVERSION

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Example:

The Philippines has a land area of 300,000 sq.km.

What is its land area in sq.mi.?

EXAMPLE UNIT CONVERSION

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Example:

Nuclear waste material in a laboratory is stored in a cylinder of height

4 3/16 inches and circumference 8 3/16. What is the volume of the
cylinder, measured in metric units?

EXAMPLE UNIT CONVERSION

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Example:

The volume of a barrel of oil is 159 liters. A cylindrical container will

hold this volume of oil. If the container needs to have a height of 1.00m
to fit in a transportation container, what is the required circumference
of the cylindrical container? (1000 liters = 1 cubic meter)

EXAMPLE UNIT CONVERSION

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REFERENCES
Bauer, W. & Westfall, G.D. (2014). University Physics. NY: McGraw-Hill
Education
Ostdiek, V.J., and D.J. Bord. Inquiry Into Physics. 2013. 7th Edition.
C&E Publishing, Inc. Philippines.
Young, H.D. and R.A. Freedman. University Physics. 2008. 12th Edition.
Pearson Addison-Wesley, CA, USA.

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