To indicate more information To indicate an example

First (ly), second(ly), For example,

In addition, For instance,
Furthermore, , such as
Moreover, , including
Besides, , particularly
As well as , in particular
Last but not least, To demonstrate,
Not only ….., but also To illustrate,

To indicate a cause or reason To indicate a result or an effect

Because (sentence) Thus,
Because of (noun) Therefore,
Due to (noun) Consequently,
Since (sentence) Hence,
As (sentence) So,
Owing to (noun) Accordingly,
Thanks to (noun) As a result,
Whereas [legal use}
To indicate a purpose or reason why To compare or contrast
In order to (verb) However,
So as to (verb( but
For the purpose of Nevertheless,
With this in mind, While
Abbreviations On the one hand, on the other hand,
etc. Although (sentence)
i.e. ,(id est) Despite (noun)
e.g. (exempli gracia] Yet,
a.k.a. In comparison,
ibid. In contrast,
Whereas (general use)

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Grammar form

Organize the above forms according to the grammatical structure as arranged in the boxes below.

Isolated at the beginning of a sentence by a comma(,)

First,
Thus Isolated in the middle of a sentence by a comma
Such as
i.e.,

In the middle of a sentence without a comma:

But
Because

Introducing a clause with a sentence:

Whereas
While

Introducing a clause with a noun:

Due to
Despite

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 Comprehension exercises

Exercise A. Circle the answer that best reflects the meaning of the original sentence.

1. On the one hand, I want to go home. On the other hand, I don’t want to look weak.
a. I have two reasons to drop out of the course.
b. I want to drop the course because I am afraid of what people will think.
c. I don’t know whether to stay or leave the course.
d. I am counting the reasons to stay in the course.

2. Owing to my lack of money, I have chosen not to go on vacation.

a. I borrowed money to go on vacation.
b. I am not going on vacation because I cannot afford it.
c. I have neither money nor desire to travel.
d. While I have the money, I won’t go on vacation.

3. Whereas we have agreed on all the conditions, we can now write the contract.
a. An example of our mutual understanding is our preparing a contract.
b. A condition for preparing the contract is agreement on the terms.
c. Although we have not yet agreed fully, we will begin writing the contract.
d. We will set the conditions when we write the contract.

4. Would the disturbing guests, i.e., John and Bill, please leave.
a. There are two disturbing guests.
b. There are more than two disturbing guests.
c. John and Bill can stay.
d. John and Bill want the disturbing guests to leave.

5. The news is disturbing. Nevertheless, I still have hope.

a. I am pessimistic because of the news.
b. The news reinforces my hope.
c. First, I heard the news. Then I felt hopeful.
d. I am optimistic despite the news.

6. Consumers write to the show so as to have their problem solved.

a. Although the news program receives complaints, the problems are solved.
b. People both send complaints and solve their problems.
c. People hope that the program will help them resolve issues.
d. The program is an example of how people have problems.

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7. The missing information, including your address and phone number, must be immediately
entered.
a. More than two pieces of information are missing.
b. Only two pieces of information are missing.
c. The address is missing while the phone number isn’t.
d. Neither the address nor the phone number is missing.

8. I paid for it. Moreover, the receipt is in my name.

a. Because I paid for, the receipt is in my name.
b. Although I paid for it, the receipt is in my name.
c. I both paid for it and have a receipt in my name.
d. To show I paid for it, the receipt is in my name.

9. You have been fired. Therefore, you are to leave the building immediately.
a. As you are no longer an employee, please leave.
b. First leave the building. Then, I will explain why.
c. Although you are an employee, you must leave the office.
d. An example of what happens to ex-employees is to have to leave the office.

10. Despite the rain, we had a good time.

a. We enjoyed the rain.
b. It rained after the picnic.
c. For example, rain is like having a good time.
d. The weather was not good but we ignored it.

11. Besides the bed, we bought a new table.

a. We put the new table by the bed.
b. We bought a bed and table.
c. We bought a bed only.
d. We bought a table only.

12. They had to pay damage as well as apologize to the victim.

a. The victim received nothing.
b. The victim received money only.
c. The victim received an apology only.
d. The victim received both money and an apology.
13. I warned you several times. Yet, you are surprised by my punishment.
a. I don’t understand your confusion.
b. I understand your confusion.
c. Because you were surprised, I warned you.
d. An example of my punishment is a warning.

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14. Dangerous animals, e.g. tigers and lions, are not allowed to be kept by the public without a
special permit.
a. Only tigers and lions are forbidden.
b. All dangerous animals except for tigers and lions are forbidden.
c. Tigers and lions are examples of dangerous animals.
d. People are not allowed to keep dangerous animals in addition to lions and tigers.
15. Since nobody liked the food, the restaurant closed.
a. Because the restaurant closed, nobody ate there.
b. Because nobody enjoyed the food, the restaurant closed.
c. Although people ate there, the restaurant closed.
d. One reason among others for the closure was the poor food.

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Exercise B: Choose the right connective.

Snow White in the 21st century

Once upon a time, a beautiful dark-haired daughter was born to a king. This little girl seemed to have
everything she needed to have a happy life, _________ (1. besides, accordingly, in particular) gorgeous
looks, a warm heart, and a rich father. _________ (2. However, But, Hence), life is full of surprises, many
of them quite unpleasant. _________ (3. Finally, To demonstrate, Furthermore), our seemingly golden
girl had her world turned upside down when her mother died. _________(4. Not only, In addition, In
particular) did she lose her loving mother but her father, being a king, quickly remarried. The situation
got bad real quickly. (5. Therefore, Besides, Yet) ) having her father emotionally distracted by his loss and
new wife, her stepmother, __________ (6. since, in contrast to, despite) her own mother, did not
appreciate her endearing qualities. Actually, __________ (7. due to, although, first) her shiny dark hair
and blue eyes, her stepmother was quite jealous of her. __________ (8. In addition, Hence, For
example ), every morning, after putting on her makeup, she posted a selfie on her Facebook wall and
asked that magical question, “Am I the most beautiful in the land?” She even got the King to finance
some plastic surgery ____________ (9. for instance, in order, e.g.) to remove some crow’s feet and
wrinkles that ruined her otherwise perfect face. _________ (10. Despite, Due to, But ) these efforts, the
answers to her query never seemed to change, ______ (11. first, i.e., aka), you are damn good looking
for your age but your stepdaughter is something else!. _______ (12. However, Consequently, Although),
she did not give up. She tried to bribe her “friends” by offering them gifts, _________ (13. for example,
therefore, such as) visits to the castle, an invitation to a royal dance, and even coupons for discounts
when buying her beauty products. The results were somewhat disappointing. _________ (14. On one
hand, Consequently, Yet) , sales of her products did go up. On the other hand, her friends now just gave
her a thumbs down response (15. moreover, since, so) they were tired of her insecurity. _______
(16.Therefore, While, With this mind), her popularity rating had a distinctive downward direction
_________17. (because, so, while) her stepdaughter was on the cover of every fashion magazine in the
kingdom. _____________ (18. Therefore, However, Moreover), the stepmother knew she had to do
something quick to save her face, as they say.

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(19) _____________________, the stepmother hired a contractor to kidnap Snow White and dump her
in the port district of the city. This would mean the death of Snow White for several reasons. (20)
______________, the upper class girl had never been in that confusing cement jungle. (21)
__________________, being blond and beautiful is not always an advantage in certain parts of the city.
Finally, the place was so dangerous that even emergency services, 22. __________________ the police
and ambulances, feared to enter. 23. ___________, the stepmother thought she had solved her
problem.

Alas, the contractor did not do as he promised, what a surprise, and left her at the entrance of the area
instead of deep in it, probably 24. ____________ he didn’t feel like spending the rest of life in a prison or
simply because he was a contractor, taking Snow White’s Iphone to fool the stepmother. By sheer luck,
she met seven height challenged port workers, who could not believe their luck. They invited her to stay
with them until things got quiet. For a short time, she cleaned their house 25. ____________ did their
laundry in exchange for room and board. 26. _________ Snow White found this arrangement tolerable
for the moment, she was used to the better things in life, 27. _____________ fancy clothes, good wine,
and big bathrooms. One day, 28. ___________ a chance meeting in the street, Snow White met an up
and coming rapper, who could not help but being entranced by her looks. 29.___________, he offered
her a large room with a private bathroom in his flat, an offer she could not and did not refuse. Today,
Snow White, 30. ______________ “the Royal,” and her beau are top stars on a reality show, to the utter
frustration of her stepmother.